Journal articles on the topic 'Zn-air battery'

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1

Chen, Jianping, Bangqing Ni, Jiugang Hu, Zexing Wu, and Wei Jin. "Defective graphene aerogel-supported Bi–CoP nanoparticles as a high-potential air cathode for rechargeable Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 39 (2019): 22507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07669g.

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Bi–CoP nanoparticles supported on N, P doped defective graphene aerogel (Bi–CoP–P-DG) electrocatalyst presents excellent catalytic performances for OER, ORR and Zn–air battery. Moreover, the home-made Zn–air battery can drive overall water-splitting.
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2

Katsaiti, Maria, Evangelos Papadogiannis, Vassilios Dracopoulos, Anastasios Keramidas, and Panagiotis Lianos. "Solar charging of a Zn-air battery." Journal of Power Sources 555 (January 2023): 232384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232384.

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3

Song, Dongmei, Changgang Hu, Zijian Gao, Bo Yang, Qingxia Li, Xinxing Zhan, Xin Tong, and Juan Tian. "Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Derived Materials Used in Zn–Air Battery." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 5837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175837.

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It is necessary to develop new energy technologies because of serious environmental problems. As one of the most promising electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, the Zn–air battery has attracted extensive research in recent years due to the advantages of abundant resources, low price, high energy density, and high reduction potential. However, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of Zn–air battery during discharge and charge have complicated multi-electron transfer processes with slow reaction kinetics. It is important to develop efficient and stable oxygen electrocatalysts. At present, single-function catalysts such as Pt/C, RuO2, and IrO2 are regarded as the benchmark catalysts for ORR and OER, respectively. However, the large-scale application of Zn–air battery is limited by the few sources of the precious metal catalysts, as well as their high costs, and poor long-term stability. Therefore, designing bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent activity and stability using resource-rich non-noble metals is the key to improving ORR/OER reaction kinetics and promoting the commercial application of the Zn–air battery. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a kind of porous crystal material composed of metal ions/clusters connected by organic ligands, which has the characteristics of adjustable porosity, highly ordered pore structure, low crystal density, and large specific surface area. MOFs and their derivatives show remarkable performance in promoting oxygen reaction, and are a promising candidate material for oxygen electrocatalysts. Herein, this review summarizes the latest progress in advanced MOF-derived materials such as oxygen electrocatalysts in a Zn–air battery. Firstly, the composition and working principle of the Zn–air battery are introduced. Then, the related reaction mechanism of ORR/OER is briefly described. After that, the latest developments in ORR/OER electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries are introduced in detail from two aspects: (i) non-precious metal catalysts (NPMC) derived from MOF materials, including single transition metals and bimetallic catalysts with Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.; (ii) metal-free catalysts derived from MOF materials, including heteroatom-doped MOF materials and MOF/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. At the end of the paper, we also put forward the challenges and prospects of designing bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and stability derived from MOF materials for Zn–air battery.
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4

Okobira, Tatsuya, Dang-Trang Nguyen, and Kozo Taguchi. "Effectiveness of doping zinc to the aluminum anode on aluminum-air battery performance." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209307.

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Many efforts have been devoted to the improvement of metal-air batteries. Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and has high electrochemical potential. Therefore, the aluminum-air battery is one of the most attractive metal-air batteries. To overcome some disadvantages of the aluminum-air battery, some alloys of aluminum and several metals have been proposed. In this study, the performance improvement of the aluminum-air battery by doping zinc (Zn) to the aluminum anode was investigated. Zinc was doped to aluminum by a simple process. The difference in the characteristics of Zn-doped Al due to different heating temperature during the doping process was also investigated. The maximum power density of the battery was 2.5 mW/cm2.
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5

Mohamad, A. A. "Zn/gelled 6M KOH/O2 zinc–air battery." Journal of Power Sources 159, no. 1 (September 2006): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.110.

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6

Wang, Yueyang, Jie Liu, Yuping Feng, Ningyuan Nie, Mengmeng Hu, Jiaqi Wang, Guangxing Pan, Jiaheng Zhang, and Yan Huang. "An intrinsically stretchable and compressible Zn–air battery." Chemical Communications 56, no. 35 (2020): 4793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc00823k.

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7

Deyab, M. A., and G. Mele. "Polyaniline/Zn-phthalocyanines nanocomposite for protecting zinc electrode in Zn-air battery." Journal of Power Sources 443 (December 2019): 227264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227264.

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8

Feng, Yunxiao, Changdong Chen, Yanling Li, Ming La, and Yongjun Han. "Zn/CoP polyhedron as electrocatalyst for water splitting and Zn-air battery." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 18, no. 6 (June 2023): 100153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100153.

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9

Marsudi, Maradhana Agung, Yuanyuan Ma, Bagas Prakoso, Jayadi Jaya Hutani, Arie Wibowo, Yun Zong, Zhaolin Liu, and Afriyanti Sumboja. "Manganese Oxide Nanorods Decorated Table Sugar Derived Carbon as Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst in Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010064.

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Despite its commercial success as a primary battery, Zn-air battery is struggling to sustain a reasonable cycling performance mainly because of the lack of robust bifunctional electrocatalysts which smoothen the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) taking place on its air-cathode. Composites of carbon/manganese oxide have emerged as a potential solution with high catalytic performance; however, the use of non-renewable carbon sources with tedious and non-scalable synthetic methods notably compromised the merit of being low cost. In this work, high quantity of carbon is produced from renewable source of readily available table sugar by a facile room temperature dehydration process, on which manganese oxide nanorods are grown to yield an electrocatalyst of MnOx@AC-S with high oxygen bifunctional catalytic activities. A Zn-air battery with the MnOx@AC-S composite catalyst in its air-cathode delivers a peak power density of 116 mW cm−2 and relatively stable cycling performance over 215 discharge and charge cycles. With decent performance and high synthetic yield achieved for the MnOx@AC-S catalyst form a renewable source, this research sheds light on the advancement of low-cost yet efficient electrocatalyst for the industrialization of rechargeable Zn-air battery.
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10

Deiss, E., F. Holzer, and O. Haas. "Modeling of an electrically rechargeable alkaline Zn–air battery." Electrochimica Acta 47, no. 25 (September 2002): 3995–4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00316-x.

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11

Phuc, Nguyen Huu Huy, Tran Anh Tu, Luu Cam Loc, Cao Xuan Viet, Pham Thi Thuy Phuong, Nguyen Tri, and Le Van Thang. "A Review of Bifunctional Catalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries." Nanoenergy Advances 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 13–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3010003.

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Zinc–air batteries are promising candidates as stationary power sources because of their high specific energy density, high volumetric energy density, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The oxygen-related reactions at the air electrode are kinetically slow; thus, the air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most critical component, and inevitably determines the performance of a Zn–air battery. The aim of this paper was to document progress in researching bifunctional catalysts for Zn–air batteries. The catalysts are divided into several categories: noble metal, metal nanoparticle (single and bimetallic), multicomponent nanoparticle, metal chalcogenide, metal oxide, layered double hydroxide, and non-metal materials. Finally, the battery performance is compared and discussed.
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12

Fang, Weiguang, Zhiman Bai, Xinxin Yu, Wen Zhang, and Mingzai Wu. "Pollen-derived porous carbon decorated with cobalt/iron sulfide hybrids as cathode catalysts for flexible all-solid-state rechargeable Zn–air batteries." Nanoscale 12, no. 21 (2020): 11746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr02376k.

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A 2D coplanar flexible Zn–air battery based on the pollen-derived cathode bifunctional catalyst (Co–Fe–S@NSRPC) displays competitive battery performance, bending mechanical property and integrability.
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13

Ponnada, Sreekanth, Bhagirath Saini, Rahul Singhal, and Rakesh K. Sharma. "(Digital Presentation) Intercalated Layered TaSi2N4 Electrodes of Zn–Air Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02122mtgabs.

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Metal–air batteries have attracted significant attention due to their excellent advantage of high-energy-density metal anodes with air cathodes. The development of structurally stable materials has been a great challenge for Zn-air batteries. Layered 2D materials provide unique opportunities due to their facial synthesis and structural stability. In this presentation, we demonstrate intercalated architecture TaSi2N4 layered material for cathode and anode of Zn–air batteries. The mechanistic aspects of Zn storage will be shown. These van der Waals materials undergo a phase during Zn loading. Interestingly, TaSi2N4 surface shows the two-electron mechanism of oxygen reduction. These layered materials will create new possibilities for the development of unique electrodes of Zn–air batteries.
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14

Masri, M. N., M. F. M. Nazeri, and A. A. Mohamad. "Sago Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Zinc-Air Battery." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.305.

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A sago-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by mixing native sago with potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous in order to investigate the applicability of GPE to zinc-air (Zn-air) battery. The viscosity and conductivity of the sago GPE were evaluated using varying sago amounts and KOH concentrations. The viscosity of the sago GPE was kept as a reserve in the region of ~ 0.2 Pa s as the KOH concentration was increased from 2 to 8 M. Sago GPE was found to have an excellent ionic conductivity of (4.45  0.1) x 10-1 S cm-1 with 6 M KOH. GPE was also employed in an experimental Znair battery using porous Zn electrode as the anode. The battery shows outstanding discharge capacity and practical capacity obtained of 505 mA h g-1.
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15

Wang, Min, Xiaoxiao Huang, Zhiqian Yu, Pei Zhang, Chunyang Zhai, Hucheng Song, Jun Xu, and Kunji Chen. "A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224069.

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Aqueous rechargeable zinc (Zn)–air batteries have recently attracted extensive research interest due to their low cost, environmental benignity, safety, and high energy density. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen (O2) evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of cathode catalysts in the batteries result in the high over-potential that impedes the practical application of Zn–air batteries. Here, we report a stable rechargeable aqueous Zn–air battery by use of a heterogeneous two-dimensional molybdenum sulfide (2D MoS2) cathode catalyst that consists of a heterogeneous interface and defects-embedded active edge sites. Compared to commercial Pt/C-RuO2, the low cost MoS2 cathode catalyst shows decent oxygen evolution and acceptable oxygen reduction catalytic activity. The assembled aqueous Zn–air battery using hybrid MoS2 catalysts demonstrates a specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1 and a durability of 500 cycles (~180 h) at 0.5 mA cm−2. In particular, the hybrid MoS2 catalysts outperform commercial Pt/C in the practically meaningful high-current region (>5 mA cm−2). This work paves the way for research on improving the performance of aqueous Zn–air batteries by constructing their own heterogeneous surfaces or interfaces instead of constructing bifunctional catalysts by compounding other materials.
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16

Liu, Ning, Honglu Hu, Xinxin Xu, and Qiang Wang. "Hybrid battery integrated by Zn-air and Zn-Co3O4 batteries at cell level." Journal of Energy Chemistry 49 (October 2020): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.02.037.

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17

Nagy, Tibor, Lajos Nagy, Zoltán Erdélyi, Eszter Baradács, György Deák, Miklós Zsuga, and Sándor Kéki. "“In Situ” Formation of Zn Anode from Bimetallic Cu-Zn Alloy (Brass) for Dendrite-Free Operation of Zn-Air Rechargeable Battery." Batteries 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110212.

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In this article, the performance of brass electrode was investigated in a Zn-air (charcoal-based cathode) rechargeable battery. The construction of the battery was carried out with biodegradable materials, namely a cotton cloth diaphragm and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) viscosity modifier, while the battery skeleton was printed by 3D printing technology. The brass acted as a collector and a preferable surface for the metallic Zn deposition on the brass anode surface. The electrochemical behavior of the brass anode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Cyclic performance tests were carried out, which showed stable cell operation even in the presence or absence of additives up to more than 100 cycles. Furthermore, high energy (Eeff) and Coulomb (Ceff) efficiencies, 80% (Eeff), 95% (Ceff), 75% (Eeff), and 95% (Ceff) were obtained, respectively. The Shepherd model was applied to describe the discharging processes of the Zn-air battery containing brass as anode in the presence of additive-free electrolyte or electrolyte with CMC-Na salt additive. It was found that the Shepherd equation described only approximately the resulting discharge curves. In order to attain a more precise mathematical description, stretched exponential function was implemented into the last term of the Shepherd equation. The need for such a correction shows the complexity of the electrochemical processes occurring in these systems. In addition, the surface of the brass anode was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the composition of the brass alloys was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Importantly, the formation of dendritic deposition was successfully suppressed and a smooth and uniform surface was obtained after the cycling tests.
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18

Lee, Sang-Heon, Yong-Joo Jeong, Si-Hyoun Lim, Eun-Ah Lee, Cheol-Woo Yi, and Keon Kim. "The Stable Rechargeability of Secondary Zn-Air Batteries: Is It Possible to Recharge a Zn-Air Battery?" Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 13, no. 1 (February 27, 2010): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2010.13.1.045.

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19

Liu, Hang, Zhongwen Mai, Xinxin Xu, and Yi Wang. "A Co-MOF-derived oxygen-vacancy-rich Co3O4-based composite as a cathode material for hybrid Zn batteries." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 9 (2020): 2880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04682h.

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A hybrid Zn battery is assembled by integrating Zn-Co3O4 and Zn-air batteries at the cell level, in which MOF-derived oxygen-vacancy-rich Co3O4 acts as the cathode material.
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20

Han, Li-Na, Li-Bing Lv, Qian-Cheng Zhu, Xiao Wei, Xin-Hao Li, and Jie-Sheng Chen. "Ultra-durable two-electrode Zn–air secondary batteries based on bifunctional titania nanocatalysts: a Co2+ dopant boosts the electrochemical activity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 20 (2016): 7841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02143c.

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21

Bera, Raj Kumar, Hongjun Park, and Ryong Ryoo. "Co3O4 nanosheets on zeolite-templated carbon as an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for a zinc–air battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 16 (2019): 9988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01482a.

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22

Kecsmár, Gergő, Máté Czagány, Péter Baumli, and Zsolt Dobó. "The influence of different air electrode structures to discharge characteristics in rechargeable Zn-air battery." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 17, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2023.2.1-8.

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The rechargeable metal-air battery technology is a well-interested smart method for eco-friendly and sustainable energy storage. Both of the two order of magnitude lower global market price per tonne of Zn compared to lithium and the multiple theoretical and practical specific energy density of rechargeable ZAB compared to the worldwide Li-ion designs contributes the developing continuously of rechargeable Zn-air battery. The air electrode as a cathode has a vital role in increasing the discharge-charge performance in ZABs, therefore different layers-order air electrodes were assembledwith the utilization of Ni-foam, graphite coating and carbon nanoparticles. The tri-layers cathode showed the highest voltage and performance values compared to the mono- (Ni-foam) and bi- (Ni-foam + graphite coating) layers architectures. The effect of electrolyte inorganic additives (e.g., 2 n/n% ZnCl2 and 0,05 wt% MnO2) was experienced especially at the no-load period.
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23

Lv, Xiaodong, Ming Chen, Hideo Kimura, Wei Du, and Xiaoyang Yang. "Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for the Electrode of Metal–Air Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043713.

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Facing the challenges of energy crisis and global warming, the development of renewable energy has received more and more attention. To offset the discontinuity of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, it is urgent to search for an excellent performance energy storage system to match them. Metal–air batteries (typical representative: Li–air battery and Zn–air battery) have broad prospects in the field of energy storage due to their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. The drawbacks preventing the massive application of metal–air batteries are the poor reaction kinetics and high overpotential during the charging–discharging process, which can be alleviated by the application of an electrochemical catalyst and porous cathode. Biomass, also, as a renewable resource, plays a critical role in the preparation of carbon-based catalysts and porous cathode with excellent performance for metal–air batteries due to the inherent rich heteroatom and pore structure of biomass. In this paper, we have reviewed the latest progress in the creative preparation of porous cathode for the Li–air battery and Zn–air battery from biomass and summarized the effects of various biomass sources precursors on the composition, morphology and structure-activity relationship of cathode. This review will help us understand the relevant applications of biomass carbon in the field of metal–air batteries.
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24

Ishihara, T., L. M. Guo, T. Miyano, Y. Inoishi, K. Kaneko, and S. Ida. "Mesoporous La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 perovskites with large surface areas as stable air electrodes for rechargeable Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 17 (2018): 7686–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00426a.

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25

Ishihara, Tatsumi, and Yuiko Inoishi. "Air Electrode Property of Doped NiCo2O4 Based Oxide for Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-022491mtgabs.

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26

Chang, Chia-Che, Yi-Cheng Lee, Hsiang-Ju Liao, Yu-Ting Kao, Ji-Yao An, and Di-Yan Wang. "Flexible Hybrid Zn–Ag/Air Battery with Long Cycle Life." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 2860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06328.

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27

Santos, F., A. Urbina, J. Abad, R. López, C. Toledo, and A. J. Fernández Romero. "Environmental and economical assessment for a sustainable Zn/air battery." Chemosphere 250 (July 2020): 126273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126273.

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28

Andrade, Tatiana Santos, Vassilios Dracopoulos, Márcio César Pereira, and Panagiotis Lianos. "Unmediated photoelectrochemical charging of a Zn-air battery: The realization of the photoelectrochemical battery." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 878 (December 2020): 114709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114709.

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29

Dilshad, Khaleel Ahmed J., and M. K. Rabinal. "Rationally Designed Zn-Anode and Co3O4-Cathode Nanoelectrocatalysts for an Efficient Zn–Air Battery." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 12588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01108.

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30

Hyun, Suyeon, Apichat Saejio, and Sangaraju Shanmugam. "Pd nanoparticles deposited on Co(OH)2 nanoplatelets as a bifunctional electrocatalyst and their application in Zn–air and Li–O2 batteries." Nanoscale 12, no. 34 (2020): 17858–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05403h.

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The Pd/Co(OH)2 nanohybrid as a highly efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst is presented and further demonstrated in a rechargeable Zn–air and Li–O2 battery as an air cathode.
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31

Huang, Jianhang, Zhanhong Yang, Ruijuan Wang, Zheng Zhang, Zhaobin Feng, and Xiaoe Xie. "Zn–Al layered double oxides as high-performance anode materials for zinc-based secondary battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 14 (2015): 7429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00279f.

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In this work, Zn–Al layered double oxides (Zn–Al-LDO) were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method, followed by calcination treatment in an air atmosphere, and evaluated as anode materials of Zn/Ni batteries.
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32

Andrade, Tatiana S., Antero R. S. Neto, Francisco G. E. Nogueira, Luiz C. A. Oliveira, Márcio C. Pereira, and Panagiotis Lianos. "Photo-Charging a Zinc-Air Battery Using a Nb2O5-CdS Photoelectrode." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101240.

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Integrating a photoelectrode into a zinc-air battery is a promising approach to reducing the overpotential required for charging a metal-air battery by using solar energy. In this work, a photo-fuel cell employing a Nb2O5/CdS photoanode and a Zn foil as a counter-electrode worked as a photoelectrochemical battery that saves up to 1.4 V for battery charging. This is the first time a Nb2O5-based photoelectrode is reported as a photoanode in a metal-air battery, and the achieved gain is one of the top results reported so far. Furthermore, the cell consumed an organic fuel, supporting the idea of using biomass wastes as a power source for sunlight-assisted charging of metal-air batteries. Thus, this device provides additional environmental benefits and contributes to technologies integrating solar energy conversion and storage.
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33

Christensen, Mathias K., Jette Katja Mathiesen, Søren Bredmose Simonsen, and Poul Norby. "Transformation and migration in secondary zinc–air batteries studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray tomography." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 11 (2019): 6459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11554k.

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34

Lorca, Sebastián, Florencio Santos, Javier Padilla, J. J. López Cascales, and Antonio J. Fernández Romero. "Importance of Continuous and Simultaneous Monitoring of Both Electrode Voltages during Discharge/Charge Battery Tests: Application to Zn-Based Batteries." Batteries 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110221.

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Two different Zn-based batteries are tested, simultaneously recording the voltage of the negative and positive electrodes during the discharge/charge processes to evidence the advantages of using a three-electrode cell, including a pseudo-reference electrode, with respect to the normally applied two electrodes system. The three-electrode cell allows us to identify in each moment which electrode reveals unexpected events during a battery test and thus to act on it accordingly. In this work, alkaline Zn/Bi2O3 and Zn/air batteries, including a pseudo-reference electrode, are subjected to different galvanostatic discharge/charge tests, highlighting several unforeseen changes and failures in both negative and positive electrodes. Thus, the usefulness of using a three-electrodes system in Zn-based batteries is revealed because it allows us to explain what the cause of the battery failure was and, if necessary, to act immediately. Finally, Spectroscopic Impedance measurements are also applied to a specific case of the Zn/Bi2O3 battery using the same three-electrode cell.
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35

Meng, Jing, Fangming Liu, Zhenhua Yan, Fangyi Cheng, Fujun Li, and Jun Chen. "Spent alkaline battery-derived manganese oxides as efficient oxygen electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 9 (2018): 2167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00404h.

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36

Luo, Xinyi, Zhaoxu Li, Meifang Luo, Chaozhong Guo, Lingtao Sun, Shijian Lan, Ruyue Luo, Lan Huang, Yuan Qin, and Zhongli Luo. "Boosting the primary Zn–air battery oxygen reduction performance with mesopore-dominated semi-tubular doped-carbon nanostructures." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 19 (2020): 9832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta02741c.

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37

Wang, Yanqiu, Baoying Yu, Kang Liu, Xuetao Yang, Min Liu, Ting-Shan Chan, Xiaoqing Qiu, Jie Li, and Wenzhang Li. "Co single-atoms on ultrathin N-doped porous carbon via a biomass complexation strategy for high performance metal–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 4 (2020): 2131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12171d.

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38

Yang, Jian, Le Chang, Heng Guo, Jiachen Sun, Jingyin Xu, Fei Xiang, Yanning Zhang, et al. "Electronic structure modulation of bifunctional oxygen catalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 3 (2020): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11654k.

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39

Wang, Yongxia, Mingjie Wu, Jun Li, Haitao Huang, and Jinli Qiao. "In situ growth of CoP nanoparticles anchored on (N,P) co-doped porous carbon engineered by MOFs as advanced bifunctional oxygen catalyst for rechargeable Zn–air battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 36 (2020): 19043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06435a.

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Deng, Jie, Lei Wang, Fangming Jin, and Yun Hang Hu. "Metal-free surface-microporous graphene electrocatalysts from CO2 for rechargeable all-solid-state zinc–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 16 (2021): 10081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta01001h.

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Metal-free surface-microporous graphene was demonstrated as an excellent air electrode, creating an efficient and durable all-solid-state Zn–air battery with the smallest charge/discharge voltage gap of 0.25 V within a 10 min charge–discharge cycle.
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41

Wang, Jie, Zexing Wu, Lili Han, Cuijuan Xuan, Jing Zhu, Weiping Xiao, Jianzhong Wu, Huolin L. Xin, and Deli Wang. "A general approach for the direct fabrication of metal oxide-based electrocatalysts for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrodes." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 4 (2017): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00085e.

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Nitrogen doped carbon supported Ni@NiO, MnO and Co@CoO catalysts have been successfully preparedviaa simple one-pot synthetic method. As air catalysts in aqueous rechargeable Zn–air batteries, Co@CoO/NDC-700 exhibits much better bifunctional catalytic and battery performance.
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42

Zhang, Yijie, Yong Zhao, Muwei Ji, Han-ming Zhang, Minghui Zhang, Hang Zhao, Mengsi Cheng, et al. "Synthesis of Fe3C@porous carbon nanorods via carbonizing Fe complexes for oxygen reduction reaction and Zn–air battery." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 4 (2020): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qi01544b.

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43

Luo, Xinlei, Ziheng Zheng, Bingxue Hou, Xianpan Xie, and Cheng Cheng Wang. "Facile synthesis of a MOF-derived Co–N–C nanostructure as a bi-functional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries." RSC Advances 13, no. 27 (2023): 18888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02191b.

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A catalyst obtained from the pyrolysis of a Co/Fe/Zn zeolitic imidazolite framework was prepared as ORR and OER electrocatalyst. A rechargeable Zn–air battery equipped with a Co–N–C-900 electrocatalyst shows power density of 275 mW cm−2 and good cycling stability for 180 h.
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Wang, Kun, Zhuohua Mo, Songtao Tang, Mingyang Li, Hao Yang, Bei Long, Yi Wang, Shuqin Song, and Yexiang Tong. "Photo-enhanced Zn–air batteries with simultaneous highly efficient in situ H2O2 generation for wastewater treatment." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 23 (2019): 14129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04253a.

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45

Wang, Chengcheng, Ziheng Zheng, Zian Chen, Xinlei Luo, Bingxue Hou, Mortaza Gholizadeh, Xiang Gao, Xincan Fan, and Zanxiong Tan. "Enhancement on PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5 Electrocatalyst Performance in the Application of Zn-Air Battery." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070800.

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Due to the insufficient stability and expensive price of commercial precious metal catalysts like Pt/C and IrO2, it is critical to study efficiently, stable oxygen reduction reaction as well as oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) electrocatalysts of rechargeable Zn-air batteries. PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5 (PBSCF) double perovskite was adopted due to its flexible electronic structure as well as higher electro catalytic activity. In this study, PBSCF was prepared by the citrate-EDTA method and the optimized amount of PBSCF-Pt/C composite was used as a potential ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalyst in 0.1 M KOH. The optimized composite exhibited excellent OER intrinsic activity with an onset potential of 1.6 V and Tafel slope of 76 mV/dec under O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH. It also exhibited relatively competitive ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.9 V and half-wave potential of 0.78 V. Additionally, Zn–air battery with PBSCF composite catalyst showed relatively good stability. All these results illustrate that PBSCF-Pt/C composite is a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries.
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Tomboc, Gracita M., Peng Yu, Taehyun Kwon, Kwangyeol Lee, and Jinghong Li. "Ideal design of air electrode—A step closer toward robust rechargeable Zn–air battery." APL Materials 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 050905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005137.

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Nagy, Tibor, Lajos Nagy, Zoltán Erdélyi, Eszter Baradács, György Deák, Miklós Zsuga, and Sándor Kéki. "Environmentally friendly Zn-air rechargeable battery with heavy metal free charcoal based air cathode." Electrochimica Acta 368 (February 2021): 137592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137592.

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48

He, Yingjie, Drew Aasen, Haoyang Yu, Matthew Labbe, Douglas G. Ivey, and Jonathan G. C. Veinot. "Mn3O4 nanoparticle-decorated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in Zn–air batteries." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 8 (2020): 3367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00428f.

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49

Tong, Fanglei, Xize Chen, Shanghai Wei, Jenny Malmström, Joseph Vella, and Wei Gao. "Microstructure and battery performance of Mg-Zn-Sn alloys as anodes for magnesium-air battery." Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 9, no. 6 (November 2021): 1967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.08.022.

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Hao, Yongchao, Yuqi Xu, Nana Han, Junfeng Liu, and Xiaoming Sun. "Boosting the bifunctional electrocatalytic oxygen activities of CoOxnanoarrays with a porous N-doped carbon coating and their application in Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 34 (2017): 17804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03996d.

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A N-doped porous carbon coated cobalt oxide nanoarray electrode was prepared with excellent bifunctional oxygen catalytic performance, and demonstrated good stability and high efficiency in a Zn–air battery.
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