Academic literature on the topic 'Zl'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zl"
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Su, Shuhua, Qingguo Li, and Qi Li. "ZL-Completions for ZL-Semigroups." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030578.
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In this paper, we generalize a common completion pattern of ordered semigroups to the fuzzy setting. Based on a standard L-completion ZL, we introduce the notion of a ZL-semigroup as a generalization of an L-ordered semigroup, where L is a complete residuated lattice. For this asymmetric mathematical structure, we define a ZL-completion of it to be a complete residuated L-ordered semigroup together with a join-dense L-ordered semigroup embedding satisfying the universal property. We prove that: (1) For every compositive ZL, the category CSL of complete residuated L-ordered semigroups is a reflective subcategory of the category SZL of ZL-semigroups; (2) for an arbitrary ZL, there is an adjunction between SZL and the category SZL→E of weakly ZL-continuous L-ordered semigroup embeddings of ZL-semigroups. By appropriate specialization of ZL, the results can be applied to the DML-completion, certain completions associated with fuzzy subset systems, etc.
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Wang, Tiannan, and Guoxun Chen. "Vitamin A Status Regulates the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab041_046.
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Abstract Objectives Here, we studied the effects of VA status on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fat (ZDF) rats. Methods Zucker Lean (ZL) and ZDF rats at weaning were divided into 6 groups, VA deficient with basal fat (VAD-BF, 0 mg retinyl palmitate (RP)/kg and 22.1% fat energy), VA marginal with BF (VAM-BF, 0.35 mg RP/kg), VA sufficient with BF (VAS-BF, 4.0 mg RP/kg), VAD with high-fat (VAD-HF, 60% fat energy), VAM-HF and VAS-HF diets, and fed for 8 weeks (w). The body mass (BM), and peripheral blood glucose (PBG) were measured weekly. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were done at 6.5 and 7.5w, respectively. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and cholesterol l were determined using commercially available kits. The expression levels of genes and proteins in the liver of rats were analyzed using PCR and Western blot. Results VAS-BF ZL and ZDF rats from 6w had respectively higher BM than VAD/VAM-BF ZL and ZDF rats. VAS-HF ZL and ZDF rats from 4w had respectively higher BM than VAD/VAM-HF ZL and ZDF rats. VAS-BF/HF ZDF rats from 6w had respectively higher PBG levels than VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZDF rats. The OGTT AUC values of VAS-BF/HF ZL/ZDF rats were respectively higher than that of VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZL/ZDF rats. The levels of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and cholesterol in VAD/VAM/VAS-BF ZDF and VAD/VAM/VAS-HF ZDF rats were higher than that in BF ZL rats (except for the glucose level) and HF ZL rats, respectively. The hepatic Gck mRNA and its protein levels in VAD-BF ZL rats were lower than that in VAS-BF ZL rats. The hepatic levels of Fas, and Acl mRNA and FAS, and ACL proteins in VAM/VAS-HF ZF rats were higher than that in VAM/VAS-HF ZL rats. The hepatic retinol content of VAD-BF/HF ZL/ZDF rats were lower than that of VAM groups, which are lower than that of VAS-BF/HF ZL/ZDF rats. Conclusions VA statuses affect BM gain in ZL and ZDF rats fed a BF or a HF diet. The expression levels of mRNAs and proteins in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were reduced in VAD-HF ZDF rats. The effects of VA on fatty acid biosynthesis in ZDF rats were masked in a HF diet setting. Reduced VA intake prevents obesity, and type 2 diabetes in ZDF rats. Funding Sources Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation
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Wang, Tiannan, and Guoxun Chen. "Vitamin A Status Regulates the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_065.
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Abstract Objectives We have shown that vitamin A (VA) status regulates obesity and fuel metabolism in rats. Here, we studied the effects of VA status on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fat (ZDF) rats. Methods Zucker Lean (ZL) and ZDF rats at weaning were divided into 6 groups, VA deficient with basal fat (VAD-BF, 0 mg retinyl palmitate (RP)/kg and 22.1% fat energy), VA marginal with BF (VAM-BF, 0.35 mg RP/kg), VA sufficient with BF (VAS-BF, 4.0 mg RP/kg), VAD with high-fat (VAD-HF, 60% fat energy), VAM-HF and VAS-HF diets, and fed for 8 weeks (w). The body mass (BM), and peripheral blood glucose (PBG) were measured weekly. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were done at 6.5 and 7.5 w, respectively. At the end of the feeding, blood, liver and white adipose tissue (WTA) samples were collected. Results VAS-BF ZL and ZDF rats from 6 w had respectively higher BM than VAD/VAM-BF ZL and ZDF rats. VAS-HF ZL and ZDF rats from 4 w had respectively higher BM than VAD/VAM-HF ZL and ZDF rats. The liver/BM and WAT/BM ratios in VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZL and ZDF V rats were respectively lower than that of VAS-BF/HF groups. VAS-BF/HF ZDF rats from 6 w had respectively higher PBG levels than VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZDF rats. In ITT, PBG levels of VAD/VAM/VAS-BF ZL rats dropped until 15 mins. PBG levels of VAD-HF and VAM/VAS-HF ZL rats declined until 30 mins and 15 mins, respectively. PBG levels of VAM-BF and VAS-BF ZDF rats dropped until 15 mins and 5 mins, respectively. PBG levels of VAD-BF ZDF rats start to dropped after 10 mins and stopped after 20 mins. PBG levels of VAD/VAM-HF and VAS-HF ZDF rats dropped until 15 mins and 20 mins, respectively. The OGTT results showed that PBG levels of VAS-BF ZL rats peaked at 10 mins, and VAS-BF/HF ZL rats had respectively higher PBG levels than VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZL rats. PBG levels of all ZDF rats peaked at 60 mins (except for VAS-BF ZDF rats at 30) before dropped. TheOGTT area under the curve values of VAS-BF/HF ZL or ZDF rats were respectively higher than that of VAD/VAM-BF/HF ZL or ZDF rats, and that of VAM-HF ZL rats were higher than that of VAD-HF ZL rats. Conclusions VA statuses affect BM gain in ZL and ZDF rats in BF and HF diets. Reduced VA intake prevents obesity, and type 2 diabetes in ZDF rats. Funding Sources Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation.
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Lal, Shruti, Bee-Chun Sun, Yuping Chen, Tom Huang, Neil Bhola, Vivian Morton, Kevin Chen, et al. "Abstract 2594: Discovery and characterization of ZL-2201, a potent, highly-selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule DNA-PK inhibitor." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2594.
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Abstract DNA-damaging poisons and replicative stress commonly result in increased double-strand breaks (DSBs) in tumor cells. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), driven by the enzymatic function of DNA-PK, is one of the critical pathways employed to repair such DSBs. Inhibition of DNA-PK kinase activity impairs NHEJ, potentiates the activity of DNA-damaging agents, and inhibits survival of tumor cells incapable of repairing DSBs via other means, including homologous recombination (HR). We have developed an orally bioavailable, highly potent, and selective pharmacological inhibitor of DNA-PK activity, ZL-2201, for the treatment of cancer. ZL-2201 demonstrates enzymatic inhibition of DNA-PK in the single-digit nM range, with nearly 500-fold or greater selectivity against other phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs). In addition, ZL-2201 showed high selectivity for DNA-PK kinase activity in a kinase panel screening study and a clean off-target profile with no appreciable inhibition against a panel of diverse, safety-relevant targets. We demonstrate that ZL-2201 effectively inhibits DNA-PK autophosphorylation and its downstream target phospho-RPA in multiple cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. DNA-PK has been shown previously to have synthetically lethal interactions with ATM. Therefore, we profiled the impact of ATM expression on the antiproliferative effects of ZL-2201. Cancer cell lines possessing defects in ATM displayed greater sensitivity to ZL-2201 compared to ATM-WT cancer cell lines. These observations were recapitulated in two ATM knockout isogenic cell lines. Moreover, ZL-2201 displayed minimal effects in a DNA-PK deficient model or in normal human and canine colon and kidney cell lines. Independent of ATM status, ZL-2201 showed strong synergy in vitro with topoisomerase II inhibitors. Following oral administration of ZL-2201 in vivo, ZL-2201 demonstrated dose-dependent and exposure-dependent antitumor activity against multiple models, with the greatest activity against ATM deficient human cancer xenografts. Antitumor activity correlated with duration of ZL-2201 exposure and level of target engagement. In addition, ZL-2201 significantly enhanced the activity of DNA-damaging agents in vivo, even in human cancer xenograft models with limited monotherapy antitumor activity for ZL-2201. The projected human PK properties, based on the ADME properties across species and PK properties in preclinical species of ZL-2201, suggest that ZL-2201 is suitable for oral administration. In conclusion, ZL-2201 demonstrates potent and selective inhibition of DNA-PK enzymatic activity, strong synergy with DNA damaging agents in vitro and in vivo, antitumor activity against multiple human xenograft models, and a favorable projected human PK profile. ZL-2201 is expected to enter clinical development in 2022. Citation Format: Shruti Lal, Bee-Chun Sun, Yuping Chen, Tom Huang, Neil Bhola, Vivian Morton, Kevin Chen, Shanghua Xia, Haoyu Zhang, Qiuping Ye, Petter Veiby, David I. Bellovin, Yuhua Ji. Discovery and characterization of ZL-2201, a potent, highly-selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule DNA-PK inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2594.
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Sultan, Ahmed, Ernest Adeghate, Bright Starling Emerald, Muhammad A. Qureshi, Saeed Tariq Minhas, and Frank Christopher Howarth. "Effects of Obesity and Diabesity on Ventricular Muscle Structure and Function in the Zucker Rat." Life 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081221.
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(1) Background: Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The effects of obesity and diabesity on the function and structure of ventricular myocytes in the Zucker fatty (ZF) rat and the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat compared to Zucker lean (ZL) control rats have been investigated. (2) Methods: Shortening and intracellular Ca2+ were simultaneously measured with cell imaging and fluorescence photometry, respectively. Ventricular muscle protein expression and structure were investigated with Western blot and electron microscopy, respectively. (3) Results: The amplitude of shortening was increased in ZF compared to ZL but not compared to ZDF myocytes. Resting Ca2+ was increased in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Time to half decay of the Ca2+ transient was prolonged in ZDF compared to ZL and was reduced in ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Changes in expression of proteins associated with cardiac muscle contraction are presented. Structurally, there were reductions in sarcomere length in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL and reductions in mitochondria count in ZF compared to ZDF and ZL myocytes. (4) Conclusions: Alterations in ventricular muscle proteins and structure may partly underlie the defects observed in Ca2+ signaling in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL rat hearts.
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Zhang, Yan, Rui Li, Yang Li, Wei Chen, Shi Zhao, and Guoxun Chen. "Vitamin A status affects obesity development and hepatic expression of key genes for fuel metabolism in Zucker fatty rats." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 90, no. 4 (August 2012): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o2012-012.
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We hypothesized that vitamin A (VA) status may affect obesity development. Male Zucker lean (ZL) and fatty (ZF) rats after weaning were fed a synthetic VA deficient (VAD) or VA sufficient (VAS) diet for 8 weeks before their plasma parameters and hepatic genes’ expression were analyzed. The body mass (BM) of ZL or ZF rats fed the VAD diet was lower than that of their corresponding controls fed the VAS diet at 5 or 2 weeks, respectively. The VAD ZL and ZF rats had less food intake than the VAS rats after 5 weeks. The VAD ZL and ZF rats had lower plasma glucose, triglyceride, insulin, and leptin levels, as well as lower liver glycogen content, net mass of epididymal fat, and liver/BM and epididymal fat/BM ratios (ZL only) than their respective VAS controls. VAD rats had lower hepatic Cyp26a1, Srebp-1c, Fas, Scd1, Me1, Gck, and Pklr (ZL and ZF); and higher Igfbp1 (ZL and ZF), Pck1(ZF only), and G6pc (ZF only) mRNA levels than their respective VAS controls. We conclude that ZL and ZF rats responded differently to dietary VA deficiency. VA status affected obesity development and altered the expression of hepatic genes for fuel metabolism in ZF rats. The mechanisms will help us to combat metabolic diseases.
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Erdös, Benedek, James A. Snipes, Bela Kis, Allison W. Miller, and David W. Busija. "Vasoconstrictor mechanisms in the cerebral circulation are unaffected by insulin resistance." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 287, no. 6 (December 2004): R1456—R1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00279.2004.
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Insulin-resistance (IR) impairs agonist-induced relaxation in cerebral arteries, but little is known about its effect on constrictor mechanisms. We examined the vascular responses of the basilar artery (BA) and its side branches in anesthetized Zucker lean (ZL) and IR Zucker obese (ZO) rats using a cranial window technique. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) constricted the BAs in both the ZL and ZO rats, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (ZL: 36 ± 8%; ZO: 33 ± 3% at 10−8 M). Inhibition of the ETA receptors by BQ-123 slightly increased the diameters of the BAs, with no difference shown between the ZL (6 ± 1%) and ZO (5 ± 3%) rats. Expressions of the ETA receptors and ET-1 mRNA examined by immunoblot analysis and RT-PCR, respectively, were also similar in the ZL and ZO groups. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), and the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) mimetic U-46619 constricted the BAs, but similarly to ET-1, there was no significant difference between the ZL and ZO groups (10−6 M PDBu: ZL: 33 ± 2%; ZO: 32 ± 4%; and 10−7 M U-46619: ZL: 23 ± 1%; ZO: 19 ± 2%). Inhibition of Rho-kinase with Y-27632 induced dilation of the BAs, and these responses were also comparable in the ZL and ZO rats (ZL: 39 ± 4%; ZO: 38 ± 2% at 10−5 M). In contrast, nitric oxide-dependent relaxation to bradykinin was significantly reduced in the ZO rats (10−6 M: 10 ± 3%) compared with ZLs (29 ± 7%, P < 0.01). These findings indicate that vasoconstrictor responses of the BA mediated by ET-1, TxA2, PKC, and Rho-kinase are not affected by IR.
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Zhang, Xiaojie, Qiaoqiao Zhao, and Ying Huang. "Partitioning of the Nuclear and Mitochondrial tRNA 3′-End Processing Activities between Two different Proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 38 (August 8, 2013): 27415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.501569.
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tRNase Z is an essential endonuclease responsible for tRNA 3′-end maturation. tRNase Z exists in a short form (tRNase ZS) and a long form (tRNase ZL). Prokaryotes have only tRNase ZS, whereas eukaryotes can have both forms of tRNase Z. Most eukaryotes characterized thus far, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and humans, contain only one tRNase ZL gene encoding both nuclear and mitochondrial forms of tRNase ZL. In contrast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two essential tRNase ZL genes (trz1 and trz2) encoding two tRNase ZL proteins, which are targeted to the nucleus and mitochondria, respectively. Trz1 protein levels are notably higher than Trz2 protein levels. Here, using temperature-sensitive mutants of trz1 and trz2, we provide in vivo evidence that trz1 and trz2 are involved in nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3′-end processing, respectively. In addition, trz2 is also involved in generation of the 5′-ends of other mitochondrial RNAs, whose 5′-ends coincide with the 3′-end of tRNA. Thus, our results provide a rare example showing partitioning of the nuclear and mitochondrial tRNase ZL activities between two different proteins in S. pombe. The evolution of two tRNase ZL genes and their differential expression in fission yeast may avoid toxic off-target effects.
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Ghose, Biswajit, and Kailash Chandra Kabra. "What determines firms’ zero-leverage policy in India?" Managerial Finance 42, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2016-0029.
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Purpose This paper studies the relationship between characteristics of firms’ and their propensity to maintain zero-leverage (ZL). Its second objective is to examine the impact of macroeconomic conditions on firms’ ZL policy. Finally, the purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying motives behind eschewing debt for constrained and unconstrained firms. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses data of 2001 non-financial and non-utility listed Indian firms over a period of 2005-2013 from Capitaline database. Size quintiles and dividend payment status have been used to differentiate between constrained and unconstrained firms. It uses t-test and logistic regression to draw inferences. Findings In general, firms pursuing ZL policy are financially constrained. However, there is a sub-section of ZL firms found unconstrained with high profitability. They appear to be “self-sufficient” to meet their financing requirements. Finally, macroeconomic conditions are counter cyclically related to firms’ ZL policy. Research limitations/implications The impact of corporate governance practices on firms’ ZL policy could not be examined due to data inadequacy. However, financial constraints and the presence of ZL firms come out as important factors to be paid special attention for future empirical works on capital structure. Practical implications The findings can be useful for financial managers in designing capital structure on the basis of their financial position. Originality/value Previous studies on ZL phenomenon are based on developed countries. The findings of previous studies conducted for developed countries get revalidated for the first time in the context of an emerging economy like India.
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Katakam, Prasad V. G., James E. Jordan, James A. Snipes, Christina D. Tulbert, Allison W. Miller, and David W. Busija. "Myocardial preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury is abolished in Zucker obese rats with insulin resistance." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 2 (February 2007): R920—R926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00520.2006.
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Insulin resistance (IR) precedes the onset of Type 2 diabetes, but its impact on preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is unexplored. We examined the effects of diazoxide and ischemic preconditioning (IPC; 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion) on ischemia (30 min)-reperfusion (240 min) injury in young IR Zucker obese (ZO) and lean (ZL) rats. ZO hearts developed larger infarcts than ZL hearts (infarct size: 57.3 ± 3% in ZO vs. 39.2 ± 3.2% in ZL; P < 0.05) and also failed to respond to cardioprotection by IPC or diazoxide (47.2 ± 4.3% and 52.5 ± 5.8%, respectively; P = not significant). In contrast, IPC and diazoxide treatment reduced the infarct size in ZL hearts (12.7 ± 2% and 16.3 ± 6.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The mitochondrial ATP-activated potassium channel (KATP) antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoic acid inhibited IPC and diazoxide-induced preconditioning in ZL hearts, whereas it had no effect on ZO hearts. Diazoxide elicited reduced depolarization of isolated mitochondria from ZO hearts compared with ZL (73 ± 9% in ZL vs. 39 ± 9% in ZO; P < 0.05). Diazoxide also failed to enhance superoxide generation in isolated mitochondria from ZO compared with ZL hearts. Electron micrographs of ZO hearts revealed a decreased number of mitochondria accompanied by swelling, disorganized cristae, and vacuolation. Immunoblots of mitochondrial protein showed a modest increase in manganese superoxide dismutase in ZO hearts. Thus obesity accompanied by IR is associated with the inability to precondition against ischemic cardiac injury, which is mediated by enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress and impaired activation of mitochondrial KATP.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zl"
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Grandet, Marc. "Sur les Zl-extensions d'un corps de nombres." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30041.
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L'ensemble des travaux presentes concerne les z#l-extensions d'un corps de nombres k. Il comporte trois parties. Dans une premiere partie nous etudions quelques aspects particuliers des z#l-extensions (par exemple nous traitons completement le cas ou le corps de nombres k est un corps quadratique reel). Par ailleurs nous nous efforcons d'etudier le comportement des l-groupes de classes d'ideaux; nous en deduisons une decomposition explicite de certains quotients de l'algebre d'iwaswa, ce qui nous amene, moyennant des hypotheses convenables, a une decomposition elementaire de ces groupes de classes. La deuxieme partie est un article publie en commun avec j. F. Jaulent au journal fur die reine und angewandte mathematik en 1985. Cet article reprend et complete les resultats precedents sur les groupes de classes en mettant en evidence le role de la capitulation dans une z#l-extension et en montrant comment ce sous-groupe des classes qui capitulent est facteur direct du l-groupe des classes de niveau n. La troisieme partie est un article publie aux publ. Math. De la fac. Des sciences de besancon en 1986. Nous y generalisons le theoreme etabli dans l'article precedent aux -composantes des l-groupes de classes lorsque parcourt les caracteres l-adiques irreductibles de gal(k/q). Nous montrons en outre que pour les caracteres imaginaires la decomposition que nous obtenons est canonique en un sens precise dans cet article
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Vogel, Claudia. "Prospektive Untersuchung zu Überlebensrate und zustandsbeschreibenden Parametern des periimplantären Gewebes an ZL-Duraplant-Implantaten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-63768.
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Vogel, Claudia. "Prospektive Untersuchung zu Überlebensrate und zustandsbeschreibenden Parametern des periimplantären Gewebes an ZL-Duraplant-Implantaten." Doctoral thesis, Medizinische Fakultät, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11098.
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JOFFRIN, IOUZALEN NATHALIE. "Caracterisation des adnc h2a. Zl et xralb issus du criblage d'une banque de xenope enrichie en genes a expression maternelle." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112382.
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Le developpement embryonnaire implique des mecanismes complexes de migration et de differenciation cellulaire dont le declenchement et le bon deroulement sont controles par des genes specifiques. Certains ont ete identifies et codent pour des facteurs de croissance ou de transcription. Les processus moleculaires qu'ils regulent demeurent le plus souvent non elucides. Afin d'isoler de nouvelles molecules du developpement, une banque d'expression soustraite du xenope, enrichie en sequences presentes au cours du developpement precoce, a ete realisee. Son criblage differentiel a ete effectue a l'aide de sondes issues d'arn presents soit dans les premiers stades embryonnaires, soit dans les tissus du xenope adulte. Parmi plusieurs genes maternels selectionnes, presentant une expression faible ou non detectable chez l'adulte, h2a. Zl, mat 23 et xralb ont ete etudies. La caracterisation du gene h2a. Zl qui code pour un variant d'histoire montre une regulation inhabituelle dans la mesure ou sa transcription est mineure et non coordonnee a la replication de l'adn. Le produit du gene mat 23 est totalement inconnu mais il presente des domaines repetes wd supposes jouer un role dans les interactions proteiques. Xralb appartient a la superfamille ras ou petites proteines g qui agissent comme des regulateurs au sein de cascades d'activations. La proteine ral a ete tres peu etudiee et sa fonction demeure inconnue. Pour aborder le role de mat 23 et xralb, une banque d'adnc d'ovocytes de xenope a ete construite pour le systeme double hybride. Le criblage de la banque en double hybride chez la levure avec les appats mat 23 et xralb a ete effectue. Plusieurs partenaires de xralb ont ete clones, pour la premiere fois chez le xenope : (1) des proteines xrlip, homologues aux effecteurs de la proteine ral identifies dans d'autres especes, (2) une proteine xsmggds homologue au facteur d'echange smggds qui regule le cycle gdp/gtp de quelques autres membres de la superfamille ras.
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Weng, Chia Yang. "Accommodate street vendors during the urban development process : with two empirical cases of Zhu Lian (ZL), and Guan Dong (GD) public markets in Hsinchu City, Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79203.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-142).
Every day, the recurring scene of conflict between street vendors and municipal authorities can be found in virtually every major city around the world. Through licensing, zoning, or relocating, municipal governments devise numerous laws and ordinances to control street vendors in the urban environment. Unfortunately, aggressive regulatory approaches rarely can solve the problems at stake and street vendor management remains a vexing conundrum for many local governments in the developing countries. This paper uses the Taiwanese city of Hsinchu to analyze the reasons why the Hsinchu municipal government was able to successfully relocate street vendors into a thriving public market in one instance (the Zhu Lian market) while unable to replicate this success in another instance (the Guan Dong market). The review of literature illustrates that street vendor relocating processes face three major barriers: (1) ill-conceived location; (2) bureaucratic conformity; and (3) customer base loss. In these two cases, the street vendors shared similar geographical contexts and were both relocated in situ. However, only the ZL vendors managed to overcome other relocation barriers and create a successful market, the GD vendors failed. Field work was carried out in Hsinchu city Taiwan to find out the factors contributing to the success/failure of these two relocation processes. The conclusion shows street vendor organizations play a crucial role during the relocation process. They bond street vendors together and bridge diverse interests, establish their own social norms and etiquette. On the other hand, even though street vendor organizations may serve an efficient solution to address the relocation puzzle, the paper also points out the potential pitfalls of relying on strong vendor organizations in managing street vendors in the city. Under some circumstances, strong street vendor leaders may undermine the city government's administrative authority, and reconfigure the political structure of the city.
by Chia Yang Weng.
M.C.P.
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Ozonder, Sener. "Viable Higher Derivative Theories." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608468/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, higher derivative theories are investigated. Ostrogradskian instability of higher derivative theories is examined both at the classical and quantum levels.
It is shown that avoiding the instability in nondegenerate higher derivative theories is impossible. Moreover, the degenerate model of relativistic particle with a curvature
term is studied as a viable higher derivative theory.
Most of the work we present here is not original. We give a review of the literature and compile various detached works that already exist.
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Salvador, Paula Cristina Leite Lavado. "Modernização administrativa O licenciamento zero das atividades económicas nas Autarquias locais - Câmara Municipal de Óbidos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11532.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em MPA – Administração PúblicaNeste trabalho de projeto faz-se uma análise à implementação do «Licenciamento Zero das atividades económicas - LZ» à escala dos Municípios, utilizando a organização «Município de Óbidos» como objeto do estudo. A escolha justifica-se face à inexistência de orientações tratadas à escala dos Municípios para a implementação do programa, que apresenta uma novidade na forma de pensar e de agir da administração e do cidadão, tornando-se a sua implementação um desafio para ambos. Deste modo os Municípios debatem-se com um problema principal, um conjunto de obstáculos à implementação da iniciativa do «Licenciamento Zero das atividades económicas - LZ» face à sua realidade. Confrontando-se a Administração com questões de eficiência, surge a necessidade de abordar as iniciativas de modernização de maior complexidade com abordagens formais à gestão de projetos, possuindo como base o enquadramento deste projeto nas orientações atuais da ciência da administração. Deste confronto, procura-se que surja uma lista de melhorias à abordagem de processos, que partiu do princípio que norteia a minha pesquisa, e que se traduz nas seguintes perguntas de partida: Como é que o projeto de implementação da medida «Licenciamento Zero das atividades económicas - LZ» está a decorrer, à luz dos Modelos da Ciência da Administração e da Gestão de Projeto? Como se poderá melhorar a abordagem em vigor de forma a diminuir os obstáculos que se colocam aos munícipes?
In the planned work the implementation of the « Zero Licencing Economic Activities– ZL » to the scale of the municipalities is analyzed , using the Town Hall of Óbidos as the study's object. The choice is justified by the lack of analyzed municipal-wide guidelines for the implementation of the program, which represents a novelty in the form of thinking and acting by both the Administration and the Citizen, its implementation thus becoming a challenge for the two. Municipalities struggle with a main problem - a set of obstacles to the implementation of the initiative of the « Zero Licencing Economic Activities– ZL » concerning its reality. Following the Administration efficiency questions, the need arises to address modernization initiatives of greater complexity with formal approaches to project management, having as a basis the framing of this project in the current guidelines of the Science of Administration. From this confrontation, which was the guideline of my research, a list of improved procedures to manage the processes shall result, which can be translated on the following starting questions: What are the « Zero Licencing Economic Activities– ZL» project implementing results following the Science of Admininstration and Project Management implemented models procedures? How can we improve the existing approach in order to reduce the obstacles that citizens face?
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Boyraz, Mustafa Fatih. "An Empirical Study On Early Warning Systems For Banking Sector." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614265/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Early Warning Systems (EWSs) for banking sectors are used to measure occurrence risks of banking crises, generally observed with a rundown of bank deposits and widespread failures of financial institutions. In countries with a small number of banks, for example Turkey with 48 banks (BDDK, 2011), every bank may be considered to have a systematic importance since the failure of any individual bank may carry a potential threat to lead to a banking crisis. Taking into account this fact the present study focuses on EWSs in Turkey. Since there is no single correct EWS to apply to all cases, in this study, 300 models were constructed and tested to find models as accurate as possible by using a trial-and-error process and by searching optimal feature subset or classifier methods. Empirical results indicate that prediction accuracy did not increase significantly while we got closer to the actual occurrence of bankruptcy. An important finding of the study was that trends of financial ratios were very useful in the prediction of bank failures. Instead of failures as a result of instant shocks, the banks'failures followed through a path: first a downward movement affected the efficiency of the banks'
officers and the quality of management structure measured with "
Activity Ratios"
, then the profitability of the banks measured with "
Profit Ratios"
declined. At last, the performance and the stability of banks'
earnings stream measured with "
Income-Expenditure Structure Ratios"
and the level and quality of the banks'
capital base, the end line of defense, measured with "
Capital Ratios"
. At the end of study, we proposed an ensemble model which produced probability ratios for the success rates of the banks. The proposed model achieved a very high success rate for the banks we considered.
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Shojaeian-Zanjani, Mohammad-Hadi. "Etude en cytologie quantitative de l'olive bulbaire des rongeurs : relation entre mort neuronale et elimination synaptique au cours du developpement et role des cellules cibles dans la regulation du nombre des neurones olivaires." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066211.
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Zach, Jan. "FUI ZL." 2007. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75355.
Full textBooks on the topic "Zl"
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Cam, Kroki. Area 51: Cia'nİn Gİzlİ Dosyalari Top Secret. Independently Published, 2020.
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ağcan, yusuf. Motivasyon yıldızlı Not Defteri 60 Yaprak çizgili. Independently Published, 2021.
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Gökçe, Ahmet. Robotik Hızlı Okuma: Kitap + Video Antrenmanları = Mükemmel Sonuç %99,9 Başarı Oranı. Independently Published, 2020.
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İlköğretim İçin Robotik Hızlı Okuma: Kitap + Video Antrenmanları = Mükemmel Sonuç %99,9 Başarı Oranı. Independently Published, 2020.
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Yamaha xj 600 (84à91) fz 600 (86à87) Kawasaki gpz 1000 rx (86 et 87) additif Kawasaki 1000 gtr (86à96) fiche première urgence Kawasaki zl 1000 éliminator. E.T.A.I, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Zl"
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Bosi, L., and M. Nimis. "An Analysis of the Classical Arguments Concerning Forecasts for the Zl Centre Formation in Alkali Halides." In October 1, 799–804. De Gruyter, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112495384-044.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Zl"
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Zhu, Xian-Kui, and Brian N. Leis. "Determination of Burst Pressure for Line Pipes With Long Blunt Defects." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57176.
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Burst pressure is the maximum load in a pipeline. Its accurate prediction is critical to the safety design, integrity assessment and operational management of the pipeline. This paper overviews the commonly-used corrosion assessment methods, including ASME B31G, Modified B31G, LPC and PCORRC criteria, and describes three theoretical solutions of burst pressure for defect-free pipes in terms of Tresca criterion, von Mises criterion and ZL criterion — a newly proposed average shear stress yield criterion and the associated flow rules. These three theoretical solutions are extended to those for corroded pipes with infinitely long corrosion defects. Followed this, an elastic-plastic finite element analysis is performed using the commercial software ABAQUS with an aim to demonstrate numerical determination of burst pressure corresponding to the Mises and ZL solutions. The corrosion assessment methods are then applied to evaluate the burst pressure for six corroded line pipes with real long corrosion defects. It is concluded that the ZL solution and the PCORRC criterion can determine reasonable and conservative predictions for corroded pipelines with very long corrosion defects.
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Zhao, Weixin, B. Terry Beck, Robert J. Peterman, Robert Murphy, Chih-Hang John Wu, and Grace Lee. "A Direct Comparison of the Traditional Method and a New Approach in Determining 220 Transfer Lengths in Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2469.
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This paper presents the detailed analysis of surface strain data obtained at six prestressed concrete tie plants in the United States. These data were obtained by the authors by conducting a total of 220 transfer length measurements on prestressed concrete railroad ties with different concrete-mix designs and reinforcement variations. The surface strain profiles of the railroad ties were obtained using the traditional Whittemore gage, as well as a rapid non-contact technology, called laser-speckle imaging (LSI), that was previously developed by the authors. The LSI technique achieved a microstrain resolution comparable to that was obtained using mechanical gauge technology. The measured surface strain profiles were then analyzed by both the 95% AMS (95% Average Maximum Strain) method, and the ZL (Zhao-Lee) method that was recently proposed by the authors. The ZL method is an unbiased statistical method that provides a more accurate and reliable transfer length determination. A direct comparison between the 95% AMS method and the ZL method was achieved by applying both methods to determine the 220 railroad tie transfer length values. The comparison confirmed the bias of the 95% AMS method in estimating transfer length value, as predicated by theoretical analysis.
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Mahjoub, Amel Ben, and Mohamed Atri. "Implementation of convolutional-LSTM network based on CPU, GPU and pynq-zl board." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Design & Test of Integrated Micro & Nano-Systems (DTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dtss.2019.8915287.
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Wan, Bing, Xu Fang, Shou Li, Wenhua Shi, Holly Li, David Bellovin, Lei Wang, et al. "Abstract 498: ZL-1201, a differentiated CD47 therapeutic antibody with improved hematological safety profile." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-498.
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Zhang, Jing, Linda Liu, Grace Wang, Joshua Zeng, Tao Geng, Chakrapani Tripathi, and Lei Wang. "1399 ZL 1218 targets the most suppressive intratumoral Treg subpopulation to avoid peripheral toxicities." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.1399.
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Konno, Hiroyasu, Yong Li, Xinchuan Dai, Bee Sun, Wenhua Shi, Min Chen, Wenying Li, et al. "Abstract 1203: ZL-1211 exhibits broad anti-tumor activity in CLDN18.2 high- and low-expressing models." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1203.
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Cao, Anthony, Qiuping Ye, Karl Hsu, Hua Gong, Haiying Zhou, Jiaqing Yi, and Xinyan Tang. "809 Anti-CLDN18.2 antibody ZL-1211 enhances anti-tumor activities in combination with chemotherapy in gastric cancer models." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.0809.
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Zhu, Xian-Kui, and Brian N. Leis. "Assessment Criteria and Burst Pressure Prediction for Pipelines With Long Blunt Defects." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90625.
Full textAbstract:
Corrosion assessment analysis and burst pressure prediction for an aged pipeline with blunt corrosion defects are essential to its integrity. It has been known that the flow stress based corrosion criteria including ASME B31G and PRCI RSTRENG are often conservative to use, but can be non-conservative in practical applications. The ultimate tensile stress based corrosion criteria such as PCORRC and LPC models largely improved the burst pressure prediction for corrosion defects, but the practice still showed certain non-conservatism of these newer models. This paper reviews and evaluates the commonly-used corrosion criteria. In order to improve the existing criteria for predicting burst pressure for long corrosion defects, three new theoretical models with consideration of strain hardening response for the corroded pipe are developed in terms of Tresca yield criterion, von Mises yield criterion, and a new multi-axial yield criterion, i.e., average shear stress yield criterion proposed recently by the present authors. The existing corrosion criteria and the proposed theoretical models are evaluated using experimental burst data for long machined defects and for long real corrosion defects removed from service. It is found that ASME B31G is over-conservative for long defects, but can be non-conservative for deep defects with intermediate lengths. RSTRENG is conservative for short defects. In contrast, PCORRC (or LPC) and the proposed ZL model predict reasonably conservative results for long corrosion defects.
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Zhao, Weixin, B. Terry Beck, Robert J. Peterman, and Chih-Hang John Wu. "Development of a 5-Camera Transfer Length Measurement System for Real-Time Monitoring of Railroad Crosstie Production." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2468.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of transfer length during production is critical for maintaining continuous production quality in the modern manufacture of prestressed concrete railroad crossties. Traditional laboratory methods for measuring transfer length, using manual instruments such as a Whittemore mechanical gauge or surface mounted resistance-type strain gauge, are simply not suitable for production operation. They are too time-consuming to implement, require extensive surface preparation, and can also require special operator training to provide accurate and reliable surface strain profiles from which the transfer length can be determined in a post-processing manner. In contrast with earlier manual methods, the newly developed non-contact Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) technique has been shown to be capable of providing rapid and accurate surface strain measurement and consequently also rapid transfer length assessment. This system has recently been automated and combined with the new Zhao-Lee (ZL) least-squares strain profile fitting technique for quickly and reliably processing surface strain data. The automated system and processing procedure have been shown to provide an improved assessment of transfer length, unhampered by human intervention and subsequent potential human judgment bias. This paper presents recent progress toward the development of a 5-camera non-contact transfer length measurement system that is capable of continuous monitoring of railroad crossties in a production plant. This is made possible using an optimized version of the previously successful LSI system, which minimizes the number of surface strain measurements required to achieve reliable transfer length assessment. Experimental results and analysis will be presented for the latest multi-camera prototype concept for this new system design, demonstrating that only a few discrete surface strain measurements are required to achieve accurate and reliable transfer length assessment. Thus, for the first time it is now possible to envision practical real-time quality control monitoring of railroad crossties during an in-plant production operation.
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Beck, B. Terry, Robert J. Peterman, Chih-Hang John Wu, and Naga Narendra B. Bodapati. "In-Plant Testing of a New Multi-Camera Transfer Length Measurement System for Monitoring Quality Control of Railroad Crosstie Production." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5749.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of transfer length is critical for maintaining continuous production quality in the modern manufacture of prestressed concrete railroad ties. Traditional manual laboratory methods for measuring transfer length are simply not suitable for production operation. They are much too time-consuming to implement, and typically require extensive surface preparation in order to obtain the required surface strain measurements needed for determining the transfer length. In addition, the traditional 95% Average Maximum Strain (95% AMS) method of assessing transfer length from the measured surface strain profile has been shown to possess bias. The accuracy of transfer length assessment using this method is generally influenced by individual operator judgment; therefore, making it unsuitable for use as a reliable production quality-control parameter. This paper presents recent in-plant testing of a newly developed prototype multi-camera non-contact transfer length measurement system, representing a major improvement over the traditional manual methods. The testing was conducted on concrete railroad ties at a manufacturing facility in North America. Concrete ties tested included those which were manufactured using indented prestressing wire as well as with 7-wire strand. The new device represents a next generation version of the previously successful Laser-Speckle Imaging (LSI) system developed by the authors. The multi-camera system is shown to provide nearly real-time surface strain profile measurements (subsequent to de-tensioning), with surface strain accuracy comparable to the mechanical Whittemore gage device, yet with little or no required surface preparation. Furthermore, with the previously demonstrated Zhao-Lee (ZL) transfer length processing algorithm built into a LabVIEW data acquisition and control interface, the multi-camera system is shown to provide assessments of transfer length within a nominal tolerance of +/− 1.5 inches using as few as six uniformly spaced surface strain measurements. This brings within reach the ultimate goal of providing the railroad tie manufacturer with the ability to measure the transfer length of every tie produced prior to leaving the plant, thereby ensuring that they are within an acceptable tolerance, and providing the means to quickly identify the need to modify production (e.g., concrete mix) if transfer length specifications fall out of desired range.