Relevant bibliographies by topics / Zirconium in rutile

Academic literature on the topic 'Zirconium in rutile'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Zirconium in rutile"

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PAVLIUK, O. V., and V. M. PAVLIUK. "Rutile From the Zelenyi Yar Titanium-Zirconium Placer and Its Possible Primary Sources." Mineralogical Journal 44, no. 1 (2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.01.016.

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Rutile of the Neogene-aged Zelenyi Yar titanium-zirconium placer was studied. The average size of the rutile grains is 0.25 mm that are elliptical, rounded, short-prismatic, isometric, and elongated-prismatic crystals in shape. On the surface of the crystals, elements of physical abrasion of varying degrees, as well as chemical dissolution, are observed. The color of the rutile crystals ranges from black to yellow with black and brown being the most common. A relationship between the concentration of various impurity elements and their variations with the color of the crystals is present. The highest average content of impurity elements is recorded in green rutiles and the lowest in light brown crystals. About 61% of the rutiles contain V2O5 (30% of all crystals; average content 1.28%), Nb2O5 (25%; 1.38%), FeO (24%; 1.10%), WO3 (9%; 0.91%), ZrO2 (9%; 0.85%), Al2O3 (2%; 0.70%), Cr2O3 (5%; 0.60%), SiO2 (7%; 0.57%). The temperature of primary rutile crystallization was calculated using Zr-in-rutile thermometry and corresponds to granulite and eclogite metamorphic conditions. Cluster analysis of 284 microprobe analyses of rutile allows at least five groups of crystals to be identified. According to the chemical composition of various rutiles, it can be concluded that they originated from metapelitic rocks, enderbites, and eclogite-like rocks located in the Dniester-Bug megablock of the Ukrainian Shield.
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Kohn, Matthew J. "A refined zirconium-in-rutile thermometer." American Mineralogist 105, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7091.

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Abstract The zirconium-in-rutile thermometer enjoys widespread use, but confidence in its accuracy is limited because experiments were conducted at higher temperatures than many rutile-bearing rocks and calibration uncertainties have not been quantitatively assessed. Refined calibrations were developed using bootstrap regression to minimize residuals in the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant, based on experiments only (n = 32) and on a combined compilation of experiments and natural data (n = 94, total). Rearranging the regression to solve for T, and expressing Zr concentration (C) in parts per million (μg/g), the calibrations in the α-quartz stability field are: Experimental data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 68740 + 0 . 441 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 . Combined data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 71360 + 0 . 378 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 130 . 66 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 1 . Thermodynamics of the quartz-coesite transition as applied to the calibration for α-quartz yields calibrations for the coesite stability field: Experimental data set T ( C ∘ ) = 71290 + 0 . 310 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 128 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 . Combined data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 73910 + 0 . 247 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 65 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15. Propagated temperature uncertainties are ±20–30 °C (2σ) for the experimental data set calibration, and ±10–15 °C (2σ) for the combined data set. Compared to previous experimental calibrations, the refined thermometer predicts temperatures up to 40 °C lower for T ≤ 550 °C, and systematically higher temperatures for T > 800 °C. With careful attention to distributions of Zr in rutile grains, precisions of ±5 °C and accuracies ~±15 °C may be possible, although a poor understanding of how to select compositions for thermometry will typically lead to larger uncertainties. The ZiR calibration promises continued high-precision and accurate thermometry, and possibly improved thermodynamic properties, but the sources of compositional variability in rutile warrant further scrutiny.
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Taylor-Jones, K., and R. Powell. "Interpreting zirconium-in-rutile thermometric results." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 33, no. 2 (December 5, 2014): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12109.

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Shafei, Gamal M. S. El, and Christine A. Philip. "Solid Acids from Persulphated and Perchlorated Physical Mixtures of Zirconium and Titanium Hydroxides." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 10 (December 2002): 977–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702321705267.

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Calcination at 650°C of a physical mixture of zirconium and titanium hydroxides led to the formation of the corresponding oxides, monoclinic zirconia and anatase. The adsorption of perchlorate or persulphate anions (as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 M aqueous solutions) before calcination did not inhibit crystallization; however, perchlorate anions activated the formation of rutile in addition to the predominant anatase phase. Indeed, the adsorption of perchlorated anions prior to calcination allowed the thermodynamically less stable tetragonal phase of zirconia to be detected in addition to monoclinic zirconia at ambient temperature. In contrast, the adsorption of persulphate anions before calcination stabilized the tetragonal phase with no rutile phase being detected in this case. Infrared spectroscopy showed that adsorbed S2O82– anions were held more strongly by the solid than ClO4− anions which tended to decompose when the solid was calcined. The acidities of the solid acids produced because of S2O82– or ClO4−anion adsorption were studied via the adsorption of pyridine (pKa = 5.3) from cyclohexane solution. The amounts and strengths of the acid sites formed during persulphate treatment were higher than those resulting from perchlorate adsorption. The strength of the acid sites formed on samples calcined before loading with S2O82– or ClO4− anions showed no significant differences. Variations detected in the structural aspects arising from S2O82– or ClO4− anion adsorption were reflected in the texture as assessed by nitrogen adsorption at −196°C.
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TOMKINS, H. S., R. POWELL, and D. J. Ellis. "The pressure dependence of the zirconium-in-rutile thermometer." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25, no. 6 (August 2007): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00724.x.

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Jaroenworaluck, Angkhana, Weeraw Sunsaneeyametha, and Ron Stevens. "Surface Characteristics of Zirconia-Coated TiO2 and its Phase Transformation." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1101.

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Recently, zirconia has been considered as a suitable material for surface coating nanosized TiO2 for use as an electrode in a solar cell application. In this study, the TiO2 (P-25) coated ZrO2 was synthesized from P-25 TiO2 and coated with zirconium n-propoxide in the range of 2.5-50 wt.%. The surface of the TiO2 coated with ZrO2 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), which showed zirconia could coat onto the P-25 TiO2 surface. Any excess of zirconia has been deposited as separated particles. Peaks for tetragonal zirconia were observed from the XRD patterns in zirconia-coated P-25 containing more than 20 wt. % of zirconia after calcinations at 500 °C, 800 °C and 1300 °C. In addition, peaks of anatase could be observed from XRD patterns of the samples after calcination at 1300°C. The results show that coating zirconia onto the TiO2 grain surfaces may act to retard the phase transformation from anatase to rutile.
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Garcia, Hiana Muniz, Eduardo Felipe de Carli, Natali Amarante da Cruz, Jusinei Meireles Stropa, Lis Regiane Vizolli Favarin, Amilcar Muchulek Junior, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira, and Alberto Adriano Cavalheiro. "Study of the Zirconium and Silicon Homovalent Dopants Insertion on the Structure and Bandgap Energy of Titanium Dioxide Powders." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.67.

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The reconstructive transformation occurring during the anatase-to-rutile phase transition can be observed through adequate techniques such as Thermal Analyses and Z-ray diffractometry followed by structural refinement. The typical photonic properties of titanium dioxide photocatalysts depend on the anatase structure and how the modifiers can provide their performance enhancement. In the present work, we investigate the structural effects caused by the simultaneous homovalent modification on the anatase structure in order to understand the mechanisms of the anatase-to-rutile phase transition in terms of the atomic coordinates and the lattice parameters. The refined structures along the calcination temperature from 500 to 900 oC suggest the oxygen bonds are strongly affected in unmodified anatase in order to destroy and rebuilt the crystal structure and lead to the rutile phase formation above 700 oC, unless some modifier pairs stabilize them.
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Lazarević, Z. Ž., N. Ž. Romčević, M. J. Romčević, and B. D. Stojanović. "Raman Spectra of Bismuth Titanate Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 555 (September 2007): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.555.243.

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Bismuth titanate is a typical layer-structured ferroelectric material and belongs to the Aurivilius type-structure compounds family. A bismuth titanate ceramic material could be obtained by mechanically activated synthesis after thermal treatment at a temperature slightly lower than in conventional solid-state reaction. In this case bismuth titanate was prepared through mechanochemical synthesis starting from bismuth oxide and titanium oxide in rutile form. The mixture of oxides was milled in a zirconium oxide jar in a planetary ball-mill in intervals from 1 to 12 hours. The ratio of powders to zirconium oxide balls during milling was 1:20. Bismuth titanate was formed after 1 h. The Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed.
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Sapiee, Aqilah, Yusoff M. S. Meor, and E. M. Mahdi. "Study on Indoor Nitrous Oxide Gas Neutralization by Using Anatase and Rutile Nanotitania." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.210.

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Nitrous oxide is generally emitted from industry through fossil fuel combustion thus giving adverse effect to human health and environments. Catalytic converter is the common method used to neutralize this hazardous gas but the high cost of precious metals had limited its application. Nanotitania could neutralize nitrous oxide by the photocatalytic phenomenon and the material is effective as it has small band gap energy and large surface area. In this study, we produced both anatase and rutile crystalline phase nanotitania from a local titanium mineral as the starting material. A significant improvement to the properties of our nanotitania is due to the present of naturally doped neodymium and zirconium ions that are present in the titanium mineral. This make the band gaps for both anatase and rutile to be smaller and effective in photocatalytic process. Three different nanotitania formulations, pure anatase, pure rutile and mixed rutile and anatase phases, were tried in the study and the results showed that all these three formulations were able to neutralize the nitrous oxide within a very short duration. Comparative study was then performed with a blank sample and the result shows there is still significant amount of nitrous oxide present after the 2 hours run.
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Chaikovski, I. I., E. V. Chaikovskaya, O. V. Korotchenkova, E. P. Chirkova, and T. A. Utkina. "Authigenic minerals of titanium and zirconium of the Verkhnekamskoye salt deposit." Геохимия 64, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525642182-194.

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Newly formed titanium oxides and zircons have been identified in the salt and suprasalt of the Verkhnekamskoye Salt Deposit. These features have been associated with the hydrolysis of clay material and the release of colloidal titanium and zirconium hydroxide during diagenesis, catagenesis, and hypergenesis. This is made possible by sulfate reduction and the acidic environment, which are caused by the radiation–oxidation of Fe2+ from sylvite and carnallite. Anatase is formed both in the suprasalt and salt measures and, only in the lower part of the salt measures, in the rutile. Such a distribution can be associated both with an increase in the degree of catagenetic transformation of salt rocks with depth and with the composition of coexisting sulfate or chloride brines. A typical form of anatase crystals is pinacoid, but this is replaced by a dipyramidal structure in the carnallite zone, which is the location of the most acidic brine. Three types of twins were recorded for rutile, the formation of which is attributable to the growth of a dehydrated colloid of titanium hydroxide on a finely dispersed aggregate. The impurities V, Cr, and Zr (Al, Si, and Fe) established in the titanium oxides reflect the geochemical specialization of the aluminosilicate terrigenous material sources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zirconium in rutile"

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Gaehl, A. "An improved understanding of Zr-in-rutile thermometry in application to ultrahigh temperature metamorphic rocks." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120938.

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Zirconium in rutile (ZIR) concentrations were analysed in samples from two localities in ultrahigh temperature (UHT: >900°C) metamorphic terranes: Anakapalle, Eastern Ghats Province, India (~1030 °C), and Ayatollah Island, Napier Complex, Antarctica (~1050 °C). ZIR temperatures from analyses of these rocks were categorised according to their microstructural setting—inclusion versus grain boundary—and distance from xenocrystic zircon. ZIR temperatures from three of four samples were all or mostly well below UHT conditions—up to 400 °C in some cases. However, upon reintegrating exsolved zirconium back into rutile grains the distribution of ZIR temperatures in all samples becomes bimodal, more typical of the global UHT ZIR thermometry dataset. There is no obvious trend in the ZIR concentration or temperature data relating to the proximity of rutile to xenocrystic zircon, or to the microstructural setting of rutile, suggesting that rutile and zircon (and quartz) communicate over sufficiently long length scales during the prograde and retrograde history. Stunted Si diffusion does not appear to have been a dominant factor in determining ZIR concentrations and temperatures (contrast with Taylor-Jones & Powell, 2015), as there are no known examples of rutile grains preserving peak (i.e. >1000 °C) temperatures that have not exsolved zircon. The major consequence is that ZIR thermometry may almost never preserve the peak UHT conditions in regional terranes where cooling is prolonged. The bimodal ZIR concentration and temperature distribution may relate to a subtle, undetected microstructural control on access to Si and Zr reservoirs combined with different timing of growth of different rutile grains.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2016
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Book chapters on the topic "Zirconium in rutile"

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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. "Titanium, Manganese, and Zirconium Dioxides." In Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928117.003.0011.

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The dioxides of titanium (TiO2), manganese (MnO2), and zirconium (ZrO2) are important materials because of their technological uses. TiO2 is used mainly as white pigment. Because of its semiconducting properties, TiO2, in its nanomaterial form, is also used as an active component of photocells and photocatalysis for self-cleaning glasses and cements . MnO2 is used primarily in electrode materials. ZrO2 is used in refractory ceramics, abrasive materials, and stabilized zirconia as ionic conductive materials stable at high temperature. Many of these properties are, of course, dependent on particle size and shape (§ Chap. 1). Dioxides of other tetravalent elements with interesting properties have been studied elsewhere in this book, especially VO2, which exhibits a metal–isolator transition at 68°C, used, for instance, in optoelectronics (§ 4.1.5), and silica, SiO2 (§ 4.1.4), which is likely the most ubiquitous solid for many applications and uses. Aqueous chemistry is of major interest in synthesizing these oxides in the form of nanoparticles from inorganic salts and under simple, cheap, and envi­ronmental friendly conditions. However, as the tetravalent elements have re­stricted solubility in water (§ 2.2), metal–organic compounds such as titanium and zirconium alkoxides are frequently used in alcoholic solution as precursors for the synthesis of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles. An overview of the conversion of alkoxides into oxides is indicated about silica formation (§ 4.1.4), and since well-documented works have already been published, these compounds are not considered here. The crystal structures of most MO2 dioxides are of TiO2 rutile type for hexacoordinated cations (e.g., Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Mo, W, Sn, Pb) and CaF2 fluorite type for octacoordinated, larger cations (e.g., Zr, Ce), but polymorphism is common. Some dioxides of elements such as chromium and tin form only one crystal­line phase. So, hydrolysis of SnCl4 or acidification of stannate [Sn(OH)6]2− leads both to the same rutile-type phase, cassiterite, SnO2. Many other dioxides are polymorphic, especially TiO2, which exists in three main crystal phases: anatase, brookite, and rutile; and MnO2, which gives rise to a largely diversified crystal chemistry.
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Fan, Xuefei, Xu Chu, Wentao Cao, and Yi Zou. "Local rapid exhumation during the long-lived Grenville orogeny." In Laurentia: Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(18).

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ABSTRACT The Grenville Province is the largest and most structurally complex orogenic belt that formed in the Mesoproterozoic, representing the amalgamation of the supercontinent Rodinia. The Mattawa domain, part of the Algonquin domain in Ontario, Canada, hosts some of the most deeply buried metamorphic rocks of this orogen. This high-grade metamorphic terrane consists of large areas of felsic orthogneiss and kilometer-sized mafic boudins. Dark-colored metabasite cropping out near Mattawa, Ontario, Canada, contains relict mineral assemblages and decompression textures indicative of high-pressure eclogite. Garnet porphyroblasts surrounded by plagioclase coronae are hosted in fine-grained symplectic intergrowths of diopside + plagioclase ± amphibole, which compositionally reintegrated into an omphacite composition (Na/[Na + Ca] ~0.5). Phase equilibria analysis revealed an eclogite-facies peak pressure of ~2 GPa at 850 °C. This temperature is consistent with the zirconium contents of rutile inclusions in garnet (up to 1725 ppm Zr). Despite high-temperature metamorphism, garnet growth zonation is partially preserved. Diffusion modeling of representative garnet profiles yielded a time scale of <0.1 m.y. for decompression from the peak pressure to ~1.2 GPa, suggesting an average exhumation rate of several decimeters per year. Decompression was followed by fast cooling within hundreds of thousands of years. Such fast decompression and cooling rates contrast with the protracted metamorphic evolution recorded in most of the Grenville orogen and likely resulted from local extrusion of lower-crustal material in response to localized extension during the early Ottawan stage. Since very few examples of Precambrian short-duration regional metamorphism have been documented, the fast decompression documented in this study provides valuable constraints for the geodynamic transition to a modern plate-tectonic regime.
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Conference papers on the topic "Zirconium in rutile"

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Gilmore, Vaughan Michael. "ZIRCONIUM-IN-RUTILE AND SILICA-IN-PHENGITE CONSTRAINTS ON PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE PATH OF DULAN ECLOGITES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287123.

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Vlassov, Anatoly S., Felix A. Akopov, Evgeny S. Lukin, Vladimir N. Mineev, and Oleg M. Traktuev. "Sacrificial Layer Composition Optimization for Immobilization of Radioactive Waste in Nuclear Reactor External Catcher." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1326.

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Abstract Results of the analysis of influence sacrificial layer (SL) composition on the base of titanate ceramics on the processes in external core catcher are submitted. It was being supposed that SL not only have to mitigate action of corium on refractory layer but then immobilize high level radioactive wastes (HLW). Titanate ceramics was selected as a SL material for this purpose. This ceramics is formed during interaction zirconium and zirconia from corium with refractory concrete of SL on the base of calcium aluminate and barium aluminate with filler from TiO2. The composition of indurated melt represents such well-known compounds as rutile TiO2, perovskite CaTiO3, zirconolite CaZrTi2O7 and phase hollandite type BaTi6Al2O16 which produce Synroc. Minimization quantity material SL for their total deployment in under reactor space was made leaded. For immobilization of uranium there may be used zirconia from corium (55,5 t) and SL (21,5 t) and zirconolite as uranium yields a continuous range of solid solutions with these substances. Crystallization processes of the model compositions without uranium oxide were studied. It was determined that perovskite, zirconolite, hollandite and after that crystallization eutectic systems were formed depending on melt crystallization velocity.
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García, E., Z. B. Zhang, T. W. Coyle, S. E. Hao, and S. L. Mu. "Liquid Precursors Plasma Spraying of TiO2 and Ce- Doped Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 Coatings." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0650.

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Abstract In this work was studied the suitability of Solution/Suspension Precursors Plasma Spray (SPPS) technique to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cerium doped barium zirconium titanate (Ce doped Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 or BZT) coatings. The precursors were sol-gel solutions typically employed to produce powders of those compositions. We report on the formation of porous TiO2 coatings on stainless steel substrates. The microstructures found this coatings are characterized by features typically found in solution precursor plasma spray processes; a combination of melted and unmelted deposits and small hollow spheres. Transmission electron microscopy revealed submicron/nanocrystalline features forming those deposits. Anatase was the main crystalline phase present in the TiO2 coatings. The rutile phase was also found in the coatings. The photocatalytic activity of the coatings was measured and compared with the results obtained for commercial anatase powders dispersed in liquid. Preliminary results obtained for Ce doped Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8) O3 coatings deposited on mild steel substrates showed microstructures and crystalline phases suitable for dielectric applications.
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Eckert, James O., and Jay J. Ague. "PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE (P-T) ESTIMATES FROM MINERALOGIC THERMOBAROMETRY IN AND NEAR THE WAYAH GRANULITE CORE, NC, INCLUDING NEW ZIRCONIUM-IN-RUTILE TEMPERATURES (ZRT): IMPLICATIONS FOR TECTONIC HISTORY, PRESERVATION OF PEAK T, AND POST-PEAK RE-EQUILIBRATION." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-309695.

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