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Journal articles on the topic 'Zircon Helium'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Nasdala, Lutz, Dieter Grambole, Jens Götze, Ulf Kempe, and Tamás Váczi. "Helium irradiation study on zircon." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 161, no. 5 (August 5, 2010): 777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0562-7.

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2

Yu, Shun, Wen Chen, Jingbo Sun, and Ze Shen. "Diffusion of helium in FCT zircon." Science China Earth Sciences 62, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9283-3.

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3

Babsail, L., N. Hamelin, and P. D. Townsend. "Helium-ion implanted waveguides in zircon." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 59-60 (July 1991): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(91)95797-h.

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4

Cherniak, D. J., E. B. Watson, and J. B. Thomas. "Diffusion of helium in zircon and apatite." Chemical Geology 268, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.08.011.

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5

Cherniak, D. J. "Diffusion of helium in radiation-damaged zircon." Chemical Geology 529 (December 2019): 119308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119308.

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6

Reich, Martin, Rodney C. Ewing, Todd A. Ehlers, and Udo Becker. "Low-temperature anisotropic diffusion of helium in zircon: Implications for zircon (U–Th)/He thermochronometry." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, no. 12 (June 2007): 3119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.033.

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7

Kelly, Colter J., Daniel E. Harlov, David A. Schneider, Simon E. Jackson, and Renelle Dubosq. "Experimental fluid-mediated alteration of zircon under lower greenschist facies conditions." Canadian Mineralogist 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1900041.

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ABSTRACT The use of zircon in the dating of geological processes and tectonic events has become a standard approach in many aspects of Earth science research. As a result, understanding how zircon interacts with aqueous fluids during metasomatism has become increasingly important. The alteration of natural zircon is driven primarily by coupled dissolution–reprecipitation or by ion-exchange with an aqueous fluid. In this study, whole and intact, euhedral light-brown zircon crystals (100–250 μm in length; 2 mg) from the Oligocene Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) were experimentally reacted with an alkali-bearing reactive fluid and a REE + P source (0.5 mg CePO4 or 0.5 mg YPO4). Experiments were conducted in sealed Au metal capsules at 350 °C and 100 MPa for 182 days. During the experiment, the zircon became colorless, indicating annealing of the radiation damage in the crystal. Two-dimensional element maps of the outermost 3 μm of unpolished zircon crystal surfaces were produced using a grind of contiguous 7 μm analytical spots via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The chemical maps indicate that the surface of the zircon crystals from each experiment heterogeneously reacted with the fluid, such that the Ce and Y concentration of chemically modified areas increased (by an order of magnitude) in the CePO4-bearing and YPO4-bearing experiments, respectively, when compared with the chemical maps of unaltered zircon grain surfaces. Helium ion microscopy of polished crystals revealed discontinuous micron-scale altered domains at the crystal margin, consistent with the findings of the unpolished mapping technique. Interestingly, the Th and U concentration of the altered zircon grain surfaces were consistent with the unaltered zircon regardless of the experiment. Incorporation of REEs on the zircon grain surface likely occurred via the coupled substitution REE3+ + P5+ ↔ Zr4+ + Si4+. The results from these experiments imply that the surfaces of minimally metamict zircon can be chemically modified by alkali-bearing fluids via ion exchange under lower greenschist pressures and temperatures over relatively short time periods with respect to the geological time scale.

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8

Guenthner, W. R., P. W. Reiners, R. A. Ketcham, L. Nasdala, and G. Giester. "Helium diffusion in natural zircon: Radiation damage, anisotropy, and the interpretation of zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronology." American Journal of Science 313, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 145–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/03.2013.01.

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9

Can, N., and P. D. Townsend. "Anomalous annealing of zircon optical waveguides formed by implantation of helium ions." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 128, no. 3 (April 1994): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159408219760.

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10

Gautheron, Cécile, Rosella Pinna-Jamme, Alexis Derycke, Floriane Ahadi, Caroline Sanchez, Frédéric Haurine, Gael Monvoisin, et al. "Technical note: Analytical protocols and performance for apatite and zircon (U–Th) ∕ He analysis on quadrupole and magnetic sector mass spectrometer systems between 2007 and 2020." Geochronology 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-351-2021.

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Abstract. Apatite and zircon (U–Th) / He thermochronological data are obtained through a combination of crystal selection, He content measurement by crystal heating with analysis using noble gas mass spectrometry, and measurement of U, Th, and Sm contents by crystal dissolution as well as solution analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This contribution documents the methods for helium thermochronology used at the GEOPS laboratory, Paris-Saclay University, between 2007 and the present that allow apatite and zircon (U–Th) / He data to be obtained with precision. More specifically, we show that the He content can be determined with precision (at 5 %) and accuracy using a calibration of the He sensitivity based on the Durango apatite, and its use also appears crucial to check for He and U–Th–Sm analytical problems. The Durango apatite used as a standard is therefore a suitable mineral to perform precise He calibration and yields (U–Th) / He ages of 31.1 ± 1.4 Ma with an analytical error of less than 5 % (1σ). The (U–Th) / He ages for the Fish Canyon Tuff zircon standard yield a dispersion of about 9 % (1σ) with a mean age of 27.0 ± 2.6 Ma, which is comparable to other laboratories. For the long-term quality control of the (U–Th) / He data, attention is paid to evaluating the drift of He sensitivity and blanks through time as well as that of (U–Th) / He ages and Th / U ratios (with Sm / Th when possible), all relying on the use of Durango apatite and Fish Canyon Tuff zircon as standards.

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11

Anderson, Alyssa J., Kip V. Hodges, and Matthijs C. van Soest. "Empirical constraints on the effects of radiation damage on helium diffusion in zircon." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 218 (December 2017): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.006.

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12

Xu, Qiuchen, Nansheng Qiu, Wen Liu, Anjiang Shen, Xiaofang Wang, and Guangwu Zhang. "Characteristics of the temperature–pressure field evolution of Middle Permian system in the northwest of Sichuan Basin." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 4 (January 16, 2018): 705–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598717752148.

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The Sichuan Basin is one of the richest oil and gas basins in China. The Middle Permian units (the Qixia and Maokou Formations) in the northwest Sichuan Basin have great potential for gas exploration. A new thermal history was reconstructed using the integrated thermal indicators of apatite and zircon (uranium–thorium)/helium ages, zircon fission tracks, and vitrinite reflectance data. The modeled results indicated that the northwest Sichuan Basin experienced gradual cooling, during which the heat flow at Middle Permian time (70–90 mW/m2) decreased to its current level of approximately 50 mW/m2. This study used basin modeling to reconstruct the paleo-pressure, which showed that the Middle Permian in the northwest Sichuan Basin generally developed overpressure. The pressure evolution of the Middle Permian can be divided into three stages: (1) a slight overpressure stage (T2–T3), (2) an intensive overpressure stage (J1–K2), and (3) an overpressure reduction stage (K2–present). Oil cracking and rapid tectonic subsidence are key factors that affect overpressure. The evolution of temperature–pressure has great significance with respect to hydrocarbon accumulation.

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13

Ketcham, R. A., W. R. Guenthner, and P. W. Reiners. "Geometric analysis of radiation damage connectivity in zircon, and its implications for helium diffusion." American Mineralogist 98, no. 2-3 (February 1, 2013): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4249.

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14

Anderson, Alyssa J., Matthijs C. van Soest, Kip V. Hodges, and John M. Hanchar. "Helium diffusion in zircon: Effects of anisotropy and radiation damage revealed by laser depth profiling." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 274 (April 2020): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.049.

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15

McDannell, Kalin T., and Rebecca M. Flowers. "Vestiges of the Ancient: Deep-Time Noble Gas Thermochronology." Elements 16, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.16.5.325.

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Ancient rocks have survived plate tectonic recycling for billions of years, but key questions remain about how and when they were exhumed to the surface. Constraining exhumation histories over long timescales is a challenge because much of the rock record has been lost to erosion. Argon and helium noble gas thermochronology can reconstruct deep-time <350 °C thermal histories by using the distinct temperature sensitivities of minerals such as feldspar, zircon, and apatite, while exploiting grain size and radiation damage effects on diffusion kinetics. Resolution of unique time–temperature paths over long timescales requires multiple chronometers, appropriate kinetic models, and inverse simulation techniques to fully explore and constrain possible solutions. Results suggest that surface histories of ancient continental interiors are far from uninteresting and may merely be misunderstood.

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16

Botor, Dariusz. "Tectono-thermal Evolution of the Lower Paleozoic Petroleum Source Rocks in the Southern Lublin Trough: Implications for Shale Gas Exploration from Maturity Modelling." E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183502002.

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The Lower Paleozoic basins of eastern Poland have recently been the focus of intensive exploration for shale gas. In the Lublin Basin potential unconventional play is related to Lower Silurian source rocks. In order to assess petroleum charge history of these shale gas reservoirs, 1-D maturity modeling has been performed. In the Łopiennik IG-1 well, which is the only well that penetrated Lower Paleozoic strata in the study area, the uniform vitrinite reflectance values within the Paleozoic section are interpreted as being mainly the result of higher heat flow in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times and ~3500 m thick overburden eroded due to the Variscan inversion. Moreover, our model has been supported by zircon helium and apatite fission track dating. The Lower Paleozoic strata in the study area reached maximum temperature in the Late Carboniferous time. Accomplished tectono-thermal model allowed establishing that petroleum generation in the Lower Silurian source rocks developed mainly in the Devonian – Carboniferous period. Whereas, during Mesozoic burial, hydrocarbon generation processes did not develop again. This has negative influence on potential durability of shale gas reservoirs.

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17

Rafeie, Niyousha, Tabassom Hooshmand, and Parham Pedram. "Effect of Helium Plasma Exposure on Wettability and Shear Bond Strength between the Zirconia Core and Feldspathic Veneering Ceramic: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (June 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6831864.

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Introduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of helium plasma treatment on the wettability of zirconia surface and on the shear bond strength between the dental zirconia core and feldspathic veneering ceramic. Methods. 128 zirconia specimens were prepared, polished, and then divided into four groups: control, Zr, FC, and Zr/FC. In Zr and Zr/FC groups, the zirconia blocks were treated by helium plasma for 60 s. In FC and Zr/FC, the feldspathic ceramic powder received 60 s of plasma treatment. Then, the feldspathic powder was applied on the zirconia blocks. Half of the specimens in each group were sintered in a tube furnace, and the contact angle between the zirconia core and feldspathic ceramic was measured at different time intervals. The other half were sintered in a ceramic furnace and then subjected to thermocycling. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The failure mode was assessed using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, and the statistical significance was considered less than 0.05. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean contact angle and the shear bond strength values of the experimental groups ( P > 0.05 ). The mean contact angle decreased significantly in all groups over time ( P < 0.001 ). The modes of failure were predominantly mixed in all groups. Conclusion. The helium plasma applied on either dental zirconia core or feldspathic ceramic powder could not improve the zirconia surface wettability and the shear bond strength between the two ceramics.

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18

Damen, P. M. G., Hj Matzke, C. Ronchi, J. P. Hiernaut, T. Wiss, R. Fromknecht, A. van Veen, and F. Labohm. "Helium damage and helium effusion in fully stabilised zirconia." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 191, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(02)00612-2.

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19

Costantini, J. M., J. J. Grob, J. Haussy, P. Trocellier, and Ph Trouslard. "Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in zirconia." Journal of Nuclear Materials 321, no. 2-3 (September 2003): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(03)00280-0.

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20

Presser, V., M. Keuper, C. Berthold, and K. G. Nickel. "Experimental Determination of the Raman Sampling Depth in Zirconia Ceramics." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 11 (November 2009): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209789806975.

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This study provides experimentally determined values for the actual μ-Raman spectroscopy sampling depth in zirconia ceramics (ZrO,2) via line scans on a wedge-shaped sample. Common instrumental settings with metallurgical objective lenses in dry air, argon-ion, and helium-neon laser radiation of approximately 10 mW were chosen. Under those conditions effective sampling depths, defined as the depth at which 99% of the information is recorded, range from 20 to more than 50 μm, depending on the numerical aperture of the lens and the laser wavelength. These results elucidate the pitfalls of the investigation of surface phenomena in zirconia ceramics such as low-temperature degradation or mechanically induced phase transformations by Raman spectroscopy.

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21

Sahu, Sulata Kumari, Rajesh Ganesan, V. Jayaraman, and T. Gnanasekaran. "Development of Zirconia Based Oxygen Sensor for Lead and Lead-Bismuth Eutectic." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.751.

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Nanocrystalline yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte powders of composition ZrO2-5 mol% Y2O3 were prepared through modified Pechini process and were characterized. Sintered compacts of these powders in form of pellets had 96% of the theoretical density and helium leak rate <10-9 S cc /s. Using a pellet of this electrolyte in a galvanic cell with different oxygen partial pressures across it, emf was measured as a function of temperature and thus qualified for sensor application. Towards the fabrication of the oxygen sensor for Pb and LBE loop, a compact design wherein a YSZ pellet, glass soldered to a metallic component had been chosen for the oxygen meter.

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22

Vasylyev, Oleksandr, Mykola Brychevskyi, Iegor Brodnikovskyi, Mariusz Andrzejczuk, Maciej Spychalski, Małgorzata Lewandowska, and Josef Mertens. "EB-PVD helium-tight zirconia ceramic coating on porous ceramic substrate." Zastita materijala 57, no. 2 (2016): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1602244v.

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23

Pimenta, J. S., A. J. A. Buschinelli, R. M. do Nascimento, A. E. Martinelli, and J. Remmel. "Joining of zirconia mechanically metallized with titanium." Cerâmica 56, no. 339 (July 2010): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132010000300002.

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Direct brazing is a well-known technique for joining ceramics either themselves or to metals, whereby the required costly active filler alloys are considered a handicap of this process. In this work the indirect brazing of zirconia to zirconia mechanically metallized with Ti was successfully achieved using conventional filler alloys. The mechanical metallization specially applied to oxide ceramics is a successfully technique that was patented by Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, and it has been the subject of applied researches in the last 10 years. This particular metallization is made at room temperature with low cost production and is environmentally safe. Partially stabilized zirconia with yttria was mechanically metallized with Ti and wetting conditions were evaluated using Ag-28Cu and Au-18Ni fillers. These conventional fillers dissolve part of the Ti-coating becoming on-site at brazing temperature an active filler alloy which reacts with the zirconium oxide to improve wetting on the ceramic surface. Better results were selected for brazing tests in a high-vacuum furnace (< 3×10-5 mbar). Helium gas leak detection was made at the ceramic/ceramic interface at room temperature; samples from reliable vacuum tight joints were examined by microestructural analysis and linescan technique by energy dispersive X-ray analysis in its cross-section. Microhardness profiles were made across the joint interface where zirconia undergone darkening after brazing process. Sound brazed joints were produced even when just one ceramic surface of the joint assemble was previously metallized, due to titanium diffusion from the metallized ceramic surface to the other ceramic side at the joint assemble.

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24

Saudé, S., R. I. Grynszpan, W. Anwand, G. Brauer, J. J. Grob, and Y. Le Gall. "Fluence dependence and thermal stability of defects in helium-implanted cubic zirconia." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 216 (February 2004): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2003.11.072.

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25

Damen, P. M. G., A. van Veen, F. Labohm, H. Schut, and M. A. van Huis. "Thermal annealing behaviour and defect evolution of helium in fully stabilised zirconia." Journal of Nuclear Materials 319 (June 2003): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(03)00135-1.

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26

Kondo, Y., and K. Fukaya. "Corrosion Behavior of Zirconia-Coated Hastelloy X in a High-Temperature Helium Environment." CORROSION 45, no. 1 (January 1989): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3577882.

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27

Grynszpan, R. I., S. Saudé, W. Anwand, and G. Brauer. "Positron annihilation investigation and nuclear reaction analysis of helium and oxygen-implanted zirconia." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 241, no. 1-4 (December 2005): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.065.

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28

Kuri, G., M. Döbeli, and D. Gavillet. "Damage evolution and surface morphology of helium implanted yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystal." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 245, no. 2 (April 2006): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.11.155.

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29

Zhang, Peng, Yong Lu, Chao-Hui He, and Ping Zhang. "First-principles study of the incorporation and diffusion of helium in cubic zirconia." Journal of Nuclear Materials 418, no. 1-3 (November 2011): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.025.

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30

Pimenta, Jean S., Augusto J. A. Buschinelli, Rubens M. do Nascimento, Augusto E. Martinelli, and Joseph Remmel. "Brazing of zirconia to titanium using Ag-Cu and Au-Ni filler alloys." Soldagem & Inspeção 18, no. 4 (December 2013): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242013000400007.

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Advanced ceramic is usually joined to metal by the well-known direct brazing process, where costly active filler alloys can be considered a limitation. Brazing using active-metal-free filler alloy as insert between the joint components is an attempt to overcome it. The active metal diffusion from the titanium member through the bulk of molten filler to the ceramic was responsible to produce an active filler alloy in loco and promote reduction of the zirconium oxide to improve wetting on the ceramic surface. Unalloyed titanium was joined in a high-vacuum furnace (<3x10-5 mbar) to yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycristals (Y-TZP) and zirconia partially stabilized with magnesia (Mg-PSZ), where commercial fillers Ag-28Cu and Au-18Ni with respective thermal cycles were evaluated. Helium gas leak detection test was performed at the ceramic/metal interface at room temperature; samples from reliable vacuum tight joints were examined by microstructural analysis techniques and energy dispersive X-ray analysis at the joint cross-section. Tight joints were produced with eutectic Ag-Cu filler, revealing an intermetallic layer and a dark reaction layer near the ceramic surface; titanium diffusion was efficient for superficial chemical interactions between individual components. Brazing joints were also tested using three-point flexure testing.

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31

Yoshito, Walter Kenji, Marcos A. Scapin, Valter Ussui, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar, and José Octavio Armani Paschoal. "Combustion Synthesis of NiO/YSZ Composite." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.777.

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Nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) anode materials were synthesized by combustion process involving metal nitrate-urea decomposition. The precursor was heated to evaporate water undergoing dehydration, and then the mixtures froth and swell. Further heating produces large amounts of gases that ignite at ambient atmosphere. Different nitrate/urea initial molar ratios were employed in order to investigate the influence of the reaction temperature in the physical characteristics of the powder composite. The flame temperature was measured by infrared optical pyrometer. The combustion was rapid and self-sustaining, with flame temperatures ranging from 870 to 1330°C. The as-synthesized powders were uniaxially pressed and sintered in air. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), helium picnometry for density measurements and gas adsorption technique (BET). The ceramic samples were evaluated by SEM and Archimedes density measurements.

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32

Huang, Liang-Wei, Ren-Kae Shiue, Chien-Kuo Liu, Yung-Neng Cheng, Ruey-Yi Lee, and Leu-Wen Tsay. "Vacuum Brazing of Metallized YSZ and Crofer Alloy Using 72Ag-28Cu Filler Foil." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030939.

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The study focused on dissimilar brazing of metallized YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) and Crofer alloy using BAg-8 (72Ag-28Cu, wt%) filler foil. The YSZ substrate was metallized by sequentially sputtering Ti (0.5/1 μm), Cu (1/3 μm), and Ag (1.5/5 μm) layers, and the Crofer substrate was coated with Ag layers with a thickness of 1.5 and 5 μm, respectively. The BAg-8 filler demonstrated excellent wettability on both metallized YSZ and Crofer substrates. The brazed joint primarily consisted of Ag-Cu eutectic. The metallized Ti layer dissolved into the braze melt, and the Ti preferentially reacted with YSZ and Fe from the Crofer substrate. The globular Fe2Ti intermetallic compound was observed on the YSZ side of the joint. The interfacial reaction of Ti was increased when the thickness of the metallized Ti layer was increased from 0.5 to 1 μm. Both brazed joints were crack free, and no pressure drop was detected after testing at room temperature for 24 h. In the YSZ/Ti(0.5μ)/Cu(1μ)/Ag(1.5μ)/BAg-8(50μ)/Ag(1.5μ)/Crofer joint tested at 600 °C, the pressure of helium decreased from 2.01 to 1.91 psig. In contrast, the helium pressure of the YSZ/Ti(1μ)/Cu(3μ)/Ag(5μ)/BAg-8(50μ)/Ag(5μ)/Crofer joint slightly decreased from 2.02 to 1.98 psig during the cooling cycle of the test. The greater interfacial reaction between the metallized YSZ and BAg-8 filler due to the thicker metallized Ti layer on the YSZ substrate was responsible for the improved gas-tight performance of the joint.

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33

Ramos, Kethlinn, Leonardo Pacheco Wendler, Adriana Scoton Antonio Chinelatto, and Adilson Luiz Chinelatto. "Synthesis of LaNi_0,6Fe_0,4O_3-δ (LNF64) by Pechini Method for Use as Cathode in SOFC´S." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.513.

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The solid oxide fuel cell are an alternative of production clean and efficient energy, because converts chemical energy in electrical energy. A fuel cell is formed basically by an electrolyte, a cathode and an anode. The main electrolyte used for SOFC manufacturing is the ZrO2-Y2O3. The materials for electrode manufacturing must possess thermal expansion characteristics close to electrolyte and have high electrical conductivity in operating temperature. Recently, the perovskite LaNi0,6Fe0,4O3-δ, has attracted interest for application as cathode in SOFC ́s for has a high electronic conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient whish for the zirconia electrolyte. This work aimed to LaNi0,6Fe0,4O3-δobtained by Pechini method. The powders were characterized by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, helium pycnometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed powders obtained with perovskite formation when calcined 600°C during 2 hours.

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34

Coker, Eric N., Mark A. Rodriguez, Andrea Ambrosini, James E. Miller, and Ellen B. Stechel. "Using in-situ techniques to probe high-temperature reactions: thermochemical cycles for the production of synthetic fuels from CO2 and water." Powder Diffraction 27, no. 2 (June 2012): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715612000255.

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Ferrites are promising materials for enabling solar-thermochemical cycles. Such cycles utilize solar-thermal energy to reduce the metal oxide, which is then re-oxidized by H2O or CO2, producing H2 or CO, respectively. Mixing ferrites with zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) greatly improves their cyclabilities. In order to understand this system, we have studied the behavior of iron oxide/8YSZ (8 mol-% Y2O3 in ZrO2) using in situ X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses at temperatures up to 1500 °C and under controlled atmosphere. The solubility of iron oxide in 8YSZ measured by XRD at room temperature was 9.4 mol-% Fe. The solubility increased to at least 10.4 mol-% Fe when heated between 800 and 1000 °C under inert atmosphere. Furthermore iron was found to migrate in and out of the 8YSZ phase as the temperature and oxidation state of the iron changed. In samples containing >9.4 mol-% Fe, stepwise heating to 1400 °C under helium caused reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 to FeO. Exposure of the FeO-containing material to CO2 at 1100 °C re-oxidized FeO to Fe3O4 with evolution of CO. Thermogravimetric analysis during thermochemical cycling of materials with a range of iron contents showed that samples with mostly dissolved iron utilized a greater proportion of the iron atoms present than did samples possessing a greater fraction of un-dissolved iron oxides.

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Kuri, G., C. Degueldre, J. Bertsch, and M. Döbeli. "Structural investigations in helium implanted cubic zirconia using grazing incidence XRD and EXAFS spectroscopy." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 268, no. 11-12 (June 2010): 2177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.082.

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36

Yang, Yang, Miao Zheng, Yang Yang, Jing Li, Yong-Fei Su, He-Ping Li, and Jian-Guo Tan. "Inhibition of bacterial growth on zirconia abutment with a helium cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment." Clinical Oral Investigations 24, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 1465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03179-2.

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Zhang, Tao, Gilles Mariaux, Armelle Vardelle, and Chang-Jiu Li. "Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions." Coatings 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101154.

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Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) refers to a very low-pressure (~100 Pa) deposition process in which a powder is injected in a high-enthalpy plasma jet, and mostly vaporized and recondensed onto a substrate to form a coating with a specific microstructure (e.g., columnar). A key issue is the selection of the powder particle size that could be evaporated under specific spray conditions. Powder evaporation takes place, first, in the plasma torch between the injection location and nozzle exit and, then, in the deposition chamber from the nozzle exit to the substrate location. This work aims to calculate the size of the particles that can be evaporated in both stages of the process. It deals with an yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and two commercial plasma torches operated at different arc powers with gas mixtures of argon and helium or argon and hydrogen. First, it used computational fluid dynamics simulations to calculate the velocity and temperature fields of the plasma jets under very low-pressure plasma conditions. Then, it estimated the evaporation of the particles injected in both plasma jets assuming an isothermal evaporation process coupled with momentum and heat transfer plasma-particle models in a rarefied plasma. The calculations showed that, for different powers of the Ar–H2 and the Ar–He operating conditions of this study, the heat flux from the plasma jet to particles inside the torch is much higher than that transferred in the deposition chamber while the specific enthalpy transferred to particles is comparable. The argon-helium mixture is more efficient than the argon-hydrogen mixture to evaporate the particles. Particles less than 2 μm in diameter could be fully evaporated in the Ar–He plasma jet while they should be less than 1 µm in diameter in the Ar–H2 plasma jet.

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Qin, Wenjing, Mengqing Hong, Yongqiang Wang, Jun Tang, Guangxu Cai, Ran Yin, Xuefeng Ruan, Bing Yang, Changzhong Jiang, and Feng Ren. "Different Radiation Tolerances of Ultrafine-Grained Zirconia–Magnesia Composite Ceramics with Different Grain Sizes." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172649.

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Developing high-radiation-tolerant inert matrix fuel (IMF) with a long lifetime is important for advanced fission nuclear systems. In this work, we combined zirconia (ZrO2) with magnesia (MgO) to form ultrafine-grained ZrO2–MgO composite ceramics. On the one hand, the formation of phase interfaces can stabilize the structure of ZrO2 as well as inhibiting excessive coarsening of grains. On the other hand, the grain refinement of the composite ceramics can increase the defect sinks. Two kinds of composite ceramics with different grain sizes were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and their radiation damage behaviors were evaluated by helium (He) and xenon (Xe) ion irradiation. It was found that these dual-phase composite ceramics had better radiation tolerance than the pure yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) and MgO. Regarding He+ ion irradiation with low displacement damage, the ZrO2–MgO composite ceramic with smaller grain size had a better ability to manage He bubbles than the composite ceramic with larger grain size. However, the ZrO2–MgO composite ceramic with a larger grain size could withstand higher displacement damage in the phase transformation under heavy ion irradiation. Therefore, the balance in managing He bubbles and phase stability should be considered in choosing suitable grain sizes.

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Zhang, Yanwen, Ziqiang Zhao, and Gang Guo. "Irradiation effects of displacement damage and gas atoms in Yttria-stabilized zirconia irradiated by Au and helium ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 403 (July 2017): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.092.

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40

Singh, Rajiv K., and J. Narayan. "Ion beam analysis of laser-deposited high Tc YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 9 (September 1990): 1793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1793.

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We have performed Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, non-Rutherford proton elastic scattering, and axial ion channeling analysis to determine the composition, the crystallinity, and the epitaxial quality of YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films were fabricated both by high and low temperature laser ablation techniques. The former method requires high temperature annealing in oxygen to recover the superconducting properties, whereas in the latter method as-deposited in situ superconducting thin films are formed at low processing temperatures (500 °C–650 °C). Helium ions in the energy range of 2.0–2.5 MeV were used to determine the relative stoichiometries of the heavier atomic number elements (Y, Ba, Cu) in the film, but are not sensitive enough to determine the relative amount of oxygen in the superconducting phase. The detection sensitivities to oxygen can be greatly enhanced by using the proton elastic scattering [16O(p,p) 16O] reaction, which was found to increase the scattering cross section by a factor of 3 to 5 relative to the Rutherford scattering cross section. The ion-channeling of YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films on (100) SrTiO3 substrates showed excellent minimum channeling yields corresponding to epitaxial growth, but the presence of defects increased the channeling yields for films deposited on (100) YSZ substrates. The ion channeling yields are compared with the microstructure of the films determined by transmission electron microscopy.

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Hui, Wang Lai, Vittoria Perrotti, Flavia Iaculli, Adriano Piattelli, and Alessandro Quaranta. "The Emerging Role of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Implantology: A Review of the Literature." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081505.

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In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies have received increasing attention in the field of biomedical applications. The aim of this article is to review the currently available literature to provide an overview of the scientific principles of CAP application, its features, functions, and its applications in systemic and oral diseases, with a specific focus on its potential in implantology. In this narrative review, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched using key words like “cold atmospheric plasma”, “argon plasma”, “helium plasma”, “air plasma”, “dental implants”, “implantology”, “peri-implantitis”, “decontamination”. In vitro studies demonstrated CAP’s potential to enhance surface colonization and osteoblast activity and to accelerate mineralization, as well as to determine a clean surface with cell growth comparable to the sterile control on both titanium and zirconia surfaces. The effect of CAP on biofilm removal was revealed in comparative studies to the currently available decontamination modalities (laser, air abrasion, and chlorhexidine). The combination of mechanical treatments and CAP resulted in synergistic antimicrobial effects and surface improvement, indicating that it may play a central role in surface “rejuvenation” and offer a novel approach for the treatment of peri-implantitis. It is noteworthy that the CAP conditioning of implant surfaces leads to an improvement in osseointegration in in vivo animal studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of the literature providing a summary of the current state of the art of this emerging field in implantology and it could represent a point of reference for basic researchers and clinicians interested in approaching and testing new technologies.

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Diver, A., O. Dicks, A. M. Elena, I. T. Todorov, T. Geisler, and K. Trachenko. "Radiation damage effects on helium diffusion in zircon." Journal of Materials Research, August 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00327-x.

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AbstractWe report the effects of radiation damage on helium diffusion in zircon using data from molecular dynamics simulations. We observe an increase in activation energy for helium diffusion as a result of radiation damage and increasing structural disorder. The activation energy in a heavily damaged region is smaller than in a completely amorphous system which is correlated with remaining order in the cation sublattices of the damaged structure not present in the fully amorphized system. The increase in activation energy is related to the disappearance of fast diffusion pathways that are present in the crystal. Consistent with the change in activation energy, we observe the accumulation of helium atoms in the damaged structure and discuss the implications of this effect for the formation of helium bubbles and zircon’s performance as an encapsulation material for nuclear waste. Graphic abstract

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43

Mucek, Adonara E., Martin Danišík, Shanaka L. de Silva, Daniel P. Miggins, Axel K. Schmitt, Indyo Pratomo, Anthony Koppers, and Jack Gillespie. "Resurgence initiation and subsolidus eruption of cold carapace of warm magma at Toba Caldera, Sumatra." Communications Earth & Environment 2, no. 1 (September 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00260-1.

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AbstractSupervolcanoes like Toba Caldera, Sumatra, produce the largest eruptions on Earth. However, the magmatic conditions and processes during the period of recovery after catastrophic supereruptions, known as resurgence, are poorly understood. Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. We identify a discordance of up to around 13.6 thousand years between older feldspar and younger zircon ages. Our modelling suggests cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of around 5 and 13 thousand years at between 280 °C and 500 °C. We propose that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. Our study indicates that resurgent uplift and volcanism initiated approximately 5 thousand years after the climactic caldera forming supereruption.

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Xiong, Dongyang, Longfei Guo, Chenxi Liu, Long Wang, Yanrong Liu, and Xijuan Tan. "Analytical effect of stabilizer volume and shape on zircon U–Pb dating by nanosecond LA-ICP-QMS." Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40543-022-00321-w.

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AbstractIn this paper, we evaluated the effect of seven stabilizers with different shapes (including cylinder, cubic and ball shape) on zircon U–Pb dating analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-QMS) in detail. In the case of stabilizer volume examined, the analytical efficiency of cylinder stabilizers (21.2, 25.1, 35.3 and 125 mL) were investigated in terms of signal stabilization, signal rising/washout time and U–Pb dating accuracy. By using zircon 91500 as reference material for external calibration, the 206Pb/238U age of zircon Plešovice was determined by a nanosecond LA-ICP-QMS, where the stabilizer was placed directly after the ablation cell and sample aerosols carried by helium passed through the stabilizer and subsequently mixed with make-up gas (argon) before ICP. It was found that transient signal oscillations were invisible and signal intensities were comparable using all the stabilizers, while signal rising time was 2.0-fold and washout time was 27.6-fold for stabilizer with volume of 125 mL to that of 21.2 mL. The obtained average 206Pb/238U age of zircon Plešovice was 335.53 ± 1.02, 361.73 ± 5.04, 340.10 ± 1.98 and 341.21 ± 5.17 Ma (2σ, n ≥ 5), respectively, giving average relative deviations of a single point of age (1σ) less than 2.0%. Among the corresponding 206Pb/238U ratios, it was also found that the value (0.05343 ± 0.87‰, 1σ, n = 5) obtained using 21.2 mL of cylinder stabilizer highly agreed with that of 0.05384 ± 0.74‰ (1σ, n = 5) using the commercially available “squid” stabilizer. The analytical efficiency of the 21.2 mL of cylinder stabilizer was then compared to that of cubic shape stabilizer (18.5 mL) and ball shape stabilizer (14.1 mL). Results showed that there were no significant differences of the obtained 206Pb/238U ages using stabilizers with volume in the range of 14.1–21.2 mL. But both cubic and ball shape stabilizers exhibited washout time over 270 s. We also studied the particle filter effect of the stabilizers by packing the 21.2 mL of cylinder stabilizer with 1.0 g of stainless wire. Despite the average 206Pb/238U age deviation was only − 0.81%, spiky signals occasionally occurred which might be ascribed to the use of a nanosecond laser and relatively low density of stainless wire in the stabilizer. This study confirmed that an empty stabilizer with volume of 21.2 mL and cylinder shape was preferred to produce smoothing signals. The improved analytical accuracy of zircon U–Pb dating using such a stabilizer ensured the future application to trace element analysis by LA-ICP-QMS.

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Wise, Stephanie A., John D. Buckley, Henry W. Randolf, Darren Verbelyi, Gene H. Haertling, Matthew W. Hooker, Raouf Selim, and Randall Caton. "Environmental Testing of High Tc Superconductive Thermal Isolators for Space-Borne Cryogenic Detector Systems." MRS Proceedings 275 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-275-831.

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ABSTRACTNASA's requirements for space-based cryogenic detector systems include the long-term storage of the liquid helium cryogen necessary for the optimized performance of far-infrared (IR) detectors. Significant heat loads on the liquid helium dewars exist due to the numerous electrical connections to the detectors, accounting for approximately 20 percent of the total heat load for some systems. High temperature superconductor lead assemblies are under development to replace the existing manganin wires connecting instruments at 80 K to the detector array at 4.2 K. These superconductive elements provide adequate current transport properties, while decreasing the thermal load on the liquid helium dewar. As a result, mission lifetimes can be extended by 10 percent or more.Thick films of the superconductive material on low thermal conductivity substrates (e.g. yttria stabilized zirconia and fused silica) have been proposed to replace the existing lead assemblies. This work describes some of the design constraints on such a device as well as preliminary analyses of the effects of vibration, gamma irradiation, and long term exposure to high vacuum and liquid nitrogen encountered in operating such a device in space.

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46

Gilbert, M., C. Davoisne, M. C. Stennett, N. C. Hyatt, N. Peng, C. Jeynes, and W. E. Lee. "Krypton and Helium Irradiation Damage in Yttria-stabilised Zirconia." MRS Proceedings 1298 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.50.

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ABSTRACTA candidate matrix material for inert matrix fuel (IMF), yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) has been doped with Nd3+ as a surrogate for Pu3+. To simulate and assess the effects of fission gas accommodation and alpha decay on the microstructure, samples of (Y0.1425,Nd0.05,Zr0.8075)O1.904 have been irradiated with 2 MeV 36Kr+ ions, at fluences of 1×1014 and 5×1015 cm−2, and 200 keV 4He+ ions at fluences of 1×1014, 5×1015 and 1×1017 cm-2. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thin sections prepared by focussed ion beam (FIB) milling revealed damage was only observed at the highest 36Kr+ and 4He+ fluences. Monte Carlo simulations using the TRIM code showed that it is only at these fluences that the level of atomic displacements was sufficient to result in observable defect cluster formation within the material.

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47

Varacalle, D. J., G. R. Smolik, G. C. Wilson, G. Irons, and J. A. Walter. "Plasma Spraying of Zirconia Coatings." MRS Proceedings 155 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-155-235.

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ABSTRACTAs part of an investigation of the dynamics that occur in the plume of a thermal spray torch, an experimental and analytical study of the deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia has been accomplished. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi fractional factorial design. Nominal spray parameters were: 900 A, 36 kW, 100 scfh argon primary gas flow, 47 scfh helium secondary gas flow, 11.5 scfh argon powder carrier gas flow, 3.5 lb/h powder feed rate, 3 in. spray distance, and an automated traverse rate of 20 in./s. The coatings were characterized for thickness, hardness, and microstructural features with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Attempts are made to correlate the features of the coatings with the changes in operating parameters. Numerical models of the physical processes in the torch column and plume were used to determine the temperature and flow fields. Computer simulations of particle injection (10 to 75 μm zirconia particles) are presented.

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"04/01296 Nuclear reaction analysis of helium migration in zirconia." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 45, no. 3 (May 2004): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(04)90122-1.

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49

Ou, Xin, Reinhard Kögler, Hong-Bo Zhou, Wolfgang Anwand, Jörg Grenzer, René Hübner, Matthias Voelskow, Maik Butterling, Shengqiang Zhou, and Wolfgang Skorupa. "Release of helium from vacancy defects in yttria-stabilized zirconia under irradiation." Physical Review B 86, no. 22 (December 5, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.86.224103.

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50

Benkoski, Jason J., W. Lloyd Luedeman, Narendra N. De, Michael C. Brupbacher, Michael Presley, David M. Deglau, Joseph A. Scroggins, W. Mark Buchta, Dajie Zhang, and Joshua D. Mitchell. "Combined Heat Shield and Solar Thermal Propulsion System for an Oberth Maneuver." Journal of Propulsion and Power, November 30, 2022, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.b38595.

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A powered gravity assist around the sun, also known as an Oberth maneuver, has the potential to achieve a solar system escape velocity of 20 astronomical units (AUs) per year, which is desirable for an interstellar mission. Unfortunately, current heat shields and propulsion technology struggle to outperform an unpowered Jupiter gravity assist, let alone 20 AUs/year, due to unfavorable mass tradeoffs. We are therefore developing an unconventional approach that simultaneously addresses the need for high specific impulse and close proximity to the sun: convert the heat of the sun into usable thrust by passing a propellant through the heat shield. To demonstrate the concept of a combined heat shield and solar thermal propulsion system, we designed and fabricated a [Formula: see text] prototype and exposed it to a 20-sun solar simulator. The reflective yttria-stabilized zirconia coating and [Formula: see text] helium gas flow maintained a temperature of 339 K. With a dark chrome oxide coating facing the simulator, it generated 1.3 N of thrust at a flow rate of [Formula: see text] and a temperature of 516 K. The agreement between theory and the experiment suggests that an escape velocity of 15 AUs/year is attainable at a mass ratio of two and a perihelion of 2.5 solar radii.

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