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Downes, Julie. "The electrodeposition of zinc and zinc cobalt alloys." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240591.
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Nydegger, Irma Kay Alan R. "Explorations of hippocampal zinc using zinc-selective fluorescent dyes." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/414.
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Lennox, Martin. "Synthesis of zinc / zinc oxide nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composites." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121192.
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This thesis presents a novel process for the synthesis of zinc/zinc oxide nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composites. The process combines aerosol flow condensation for the synthesis of nanoparticles with a radio-frequency glow discharge in order to facilitate the deposition of these nanoparticles on nanostructured surfaces consisting of carbon nanotubes grown directly on stainless steel substrates. The design, construction and optimization of the process is described. A maximum observed nanoparticle deposition rate of 500 nm/min was observed when layers of nanoparticles were deposited on silicon wafers. Significant variation in the nanoparticle deposition rate was also observed; 95% confidence intervals on the prediction of nanoparticle layer thicknesses were approximately ±225nm and ±550nm for the evaporative source temperature range of 575 to 625 °C and measured average evaporation rate range of 0.009 to 0.048 g/min, respectively. A core/shell structure of zinc/zinc oxide nanoparticles is inferred from electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. The utility of the synthesized nanocomposites as cathode materials is evaluated in a model direct-current glow discharge system. No significant reduction in the voltages required to sustain the glow discharge were observed when the synthesized nanocomposites were tested, as compared to cathodes of nanostructured carbon nanotube surfaces or bare stainless steel cathodes.Cette thèse présente un nouveau procédé de synthèse de nanotubes de carbone décorés de nanoparticules de zinc et oxyde de zinc. Le procédé combine la condensation d'un aérosol pour la synthèse de nanoparticules avec le traitement des particules en vol dans une décharge luminescente par radiofréquence. Cette méthode facilite le dépôt de nanoparticules sur ces surfaces nanostructurées telles que des nanotubes de carbone formés directement sur des substrats en acier inoxydable dans le cas présent. La conception, la construction et l'optimisation des processus sont décrits. Une vitesse de dépôt maximale de 500 nm/min a été observée lorsque les couches de nanoparticules ont été déposées sur des plaquettes de silicium. On a également observé une variation significative dans le taux de dépôt de nanoparticules; les intervalles de confiance à 95% pour le prédictions de l'épaisseur de la couche de nanoparticules étaient approximativement ±225 nm et ±550 nm pour la plage de température de la source d'évaporation de 575 à 625 °C tandis que le taux d'évaporation moyen mesuré variait de 0,009 à 0,048 g/min, respectivement. À partir des données de diffraction des électrons, de diffraction des rayons X ainsi que de spectroscopie photoélectronique aux rayons X, il a été possible de déduire que les nanoparticules ont une structure coeur-écorce composée de zinc et d'oxyde de zinc. L'utilité des nanocomposites synthétisés comme matériaux pour une cathode est évaluée dans un système de décharge luminescente en courant continu. Aucune réduction significative des tensions nécessaires au maintien de la décharge luminescente a été observée lorsque les nanocomposites synthétisés ont été testés, par rapport aux cathodes formées de surfaces nanostructurées de nanotube de carbone ou aux cathodes en acier inoxydable non-traité.
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Nydegger, Irma. "Explorations of hippocampal zinc using zinc-selective fluorescent dyes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/414.
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Zn is a transition metal that fulfills many roles in mammalian cells, from structural support for many proteins, to second messenger and enzymatic cofactors. Specific neuronal terminals in the hippocampus contain higher Zn concentrations than other brain cells, but it is still unclear as to why Zn accumulates there. Since Zn is co-packaged with the neurotransmitter glutamate in synaptic vesicles, one possibility is that it gets released during neurotransmission. To study zinc uptake in the cytoplasm and the possibility of Zn release, we employed different fluorescent Zn indicators. These dyes passively cross the cell membrane and become fluorescent upon zinc binding. We found that the extracellular concentration of zinc and therefore zinc influx into the cell is limited by the presence of phosphate, which induces zinc precipitation by forming insoluble zinc-phosphate salts. Zinc solubility and influx is increased by the application of histidine to the extracellular medium. We also found that exogenously applied zinc in the presence of a zinc ionophore seems to translocate in vesicles and cytoplasmic compartments. Zinc seems to be very tightly buffered as it enters the cytoplasm, since transient increases in fluorescence (as observed during Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm) are not observed. Our data also seems to indicate that zinc is not being freely released in the extracellular space, but is being externalized instead.
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Kyriacou, Jane. "The biochemistry and genetics of zinc tolerance and zinc accumulation in the zinc hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272999.
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Alsufiani, Hadeil Muhanna A. "Zinc intake, zinc status and expression of zinc transporter genes in younger and older Saudi adults." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3451.
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Background: During ageing, there are changes in many physiological systems including the gastrointestinal tract which may result in decreased absorption of micronutrients such as zinc. Decreased dietary absorption efficiency and/or inadequate zinc intake are contributing factors to the decline in plasma zinc concentration that has been reported in older adults. This decline in plasma zinc concentration may have important implications for health, e.g. through reduced immune function. To date, there is limited information on the relationships between zinc intake and plasma zinc concentration during ageing among adults in Saudi Arabia or on the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-related effects. Thus, the aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that changes in expression of zinc transporters including ZnT1, ZnT5 and ZIP4 are associated with changes in zinc status in young and older Saudi adults. Methods: Two hundred and two young and older Saudi adults of both sexes were recruited from Jeddah city in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Intakes of zinc and of zinc absorption modifiers in diet were assessed using an FFQ (designed and validated for this purpose) while plasma zinc concentration was determined by ICP-OES. RNA was extracted from white blood cells and qPCR was used to quantitatively measure expression of the ZnT1, ZnT5 and ZIP4 genes at the mRNA level. Results: Intakes of zinc and of protein were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05). A substantial proportion of the participants appeared to have inadequate zinc intake with the risk of inadequacy being greatest for young males (15%) and young females (4%). Plasma zinc concentrations in older adults were significantly higher than in young adults (P < 0.05). Older males had significantly higher ZIP4 expression compared with young adults (P < 0.05). Although older adults had apparently higher ZnT1 and ZnT5 expression than young adults, these differences were statistically non-significant. Several age and sex-specific correlations between zinc intake, zinc status and expression of zinc transporters were observed. Young and older adults who had apple-shaped fat distribution pattern, had significantly higher expression of ZnT1, ZnT5 and ZIP4 and plasma zinc status compared with participants who had pear-shaped fat distribution pattern (P<0.05). Discussion: Despite the changes in food availability in Saudi Arabia over recent decades, the prevalence of low zinc intake remains substantial. Contrary to reports from elsewhere, the prevalence of low plasma II zinc concentrations was greater in younger than in older Saudi adults. This study also identified relationships between expression of zinc transporters and zinc intake, zinc status and abdominal fatness in Saudi adults.
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Bosshard, Gabriela Zanotto 1986. "Propriedades ópticas e estruturais de óxido de zinco contendo enxofre." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250265.
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Orientador: Fernando Aparecido SigoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O objetivo deste projeto foi investigar a síntese de óxido de zinco contendo enxofre obtido a partir de sulfeto de zinco nas fases wurtzita (hexagonal) e blenda de zinco (cúbica), assim como fazer a caracterização e estudar as alterações estruturais e ópticas dos materiais sintetizados e compará-las às propriedades do óxido de zinco sintetizado a partir de hidroxicarbonato de zinco. O método de síntese utilizado permite a obtenção de sulfeto de zinco hexagonal ou cúbico a baixa temperatura, permitindo um estudo comparativo da influência da estrutura cristalina do sulfeto de zinco na formação do óxido de zinco. Os estudos por difração de raios X mostram que há leve variação nos parâmetros de rede do material obtido, principalmente quando a síntese parte da fase hexagonal do ZnS. Somado a isso, a análise da luminescência dos materiais obtidos mostra emissão em torno de 520 nm, que pode ser atribuída a transição eletrônica entre defeitos de Frenkel (Zni e VZn") que foram formados a temperaturas inferiores à requerida para a formação deste tipo de defeito, indicando, portanto alterações na rede do óxido de zinco contendo enxofre.
Abstract: This project aimed to investigate the synthesis of sulfur-containing zinc oxide obtained from zinc sulfide in the wurtzite (hexagonal) or zinc blende (cubic) phases, in order to study possible changes in the structural and optical properties of the obtained, material which were compared to the properties of zinc oxide synthesized from zinc hydroxicarbonate. The used method of synthesis allowed obtaining zinc sulfide hexagonal or cubic at low temperature and therefore comparative studies of the influence of crystalline structure of zinc sulfide in the formation of zinc oxide was possible. X-ray diffraction data show that there is a slight variation in the lattice parameters of the obtained material, especially in the material synthesized from hexagonal ZnS. In addition to that, luminescence emission around 520 nm, assigned to the electronic transition among Frenkel defects (Zni and VZn"), indicate changes in the network of the sulfur-containing zinc oxide, since this type of defect is expected to be formed at temperatures above the ones used in the present work.
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestra em Química
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Castro, Luis Fernando D'Albuquerque e. "Avaliação do zinco plasmático nos pacientes idosos no Hospital Regional de Araguaina, Tocantins." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-04082011-093136/.
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Zinco é um importante micronutriente, participa de várias enzimas e tem papel fundamental na atividade imunológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a deficiência de zinco nos idosos foi dosado o zinco plasmático em 88 pacientes com mais de 65 anos admitidos na Emergência do Hospital Regional de Araguaina, TO. Foram analisados: raça, gênero, medidas antropométricas, dosagem da hemoglobina, albumina, contagem de linfócitos, dosagem da proteína C reativa e tempo de permanência. Os resultados sugerem que ocorre deficiência de zinco mais acentuada no sexo feminino e que pacientes com deficiência de zinco também apresentam menores valores de índice de massa corpórea (IMC), hemoglobina, albumina e contagem de linfócitos. Não se observou maior incidência de infecção no grupo com deficiência de zinco, porém o grupo apresentou maior tempo de permanência hospitalar.Zinc is an important micronutrient that plays a role in many enzymatic and immune system activities in human body. Considering this, the goal of this work is to evaluate zinc deficiency in elderly patients. A total of 88 volunteers with more than 65 years old, admitted at ER from Regional Hospital, were monitored and zinc concentration was dosed in their plasma. The sampling volunteers were evaluated according to: race, gender, anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin, albumin, total lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein dosage and length of stay. The results suggest that zinc deficiency is more pronounced in females and patients with zinc deficiency also show lower values of body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, albumin and lymphocyte count. There was no increased incidence of infection in the group with zinc deficiency, but the group had a longer hospital stay.
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Muley, Amol. "Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured metallic zinc and zinc oxide." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39101538.
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Gentile, Marialuisa. "Influence of zinc on surface treatments of aluminium-zinc alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influence-of-zinc-on-surface-treatments-of-aluminiumzinc-alloys(5b467a34-ba91-422b-87e0-83ef8d700154).html.
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This research work studies the influence of zinc on surface treatments such as mechanical polishing, anodic alkaline etching, alkaline etching and electropolishing. Solid-solution binary alloys containing 0.6, 1.0 and 1.9at.%Zn were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopies and ion beam analysis. Initially, the near-surface composition of the surface pretreated aluminium alloys were determined using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) and glow discharge optical spectroscopy (GDOES). Subsequently, the surface morphologies of the pretreated specimens were characterized by secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further related work was undertaken on the effect of the employed surface treatments on the anodic behaviour of aluminium-zinc alloys. A final analysis was carried out on the influence of grain orientation on zinc enrichment and surface morphologies of aluminium-zinc alloys developed during alkaline etching.The results reveal that surface pretreatments of aluminium-zinc alloys lead to zinc enrichment at the alloy/film interface. The number of zinc atoms contained in the enriched layer depends upon the employed surface pretreatment and the alloy composition. Surface pretreatments influence the topography of Al-Zn alloys. In particular, for electropolishing, alkaline etching and anodic alkaline etching, the resultant surface morphologies were associated with the oxidation-dissolution-precipitation mechanisms occurring at the alloy/film interface and at the film/solution interface. Anodizing of Al-Zn alloys shows that the anodic films growth on Al-Zn alloys in rolled condition and after surface treatment becomes detached from the substrate independently of the surface treatment employed, although detachment of the anodic film occur earlier on surface pre-treated Al-Zn alloys that developed zinc enrichment. The final studies correlated the mechanisms of oxidation and dissolution with the grain orientation. The result revealed that the (111) grain dissolves faster than other grains, while the higher number of zinc enriched atoms were measured on the (001) grain.
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Jiacheng, Wu. "Modelling 3D Zinc Anodes for Efficient Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries." Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29538.
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Rechargeable Zn ion batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for energy storage owing to
their advantages in low cost and high safety. Nevertheless, Zn anodes face the critical issues of Zn
dendrite formation and undesired side reactions, which significantly limit their cycling stability and
capacity. Constructing 3D Zn anodes with porous substrates has been proven to effectively inhibit
the Zn dendrite growth via the enlarged surface area and homogenized electric field. However, some
important structural parameters, including porosity, pore depth, etc. have been rarely studied for 3D
Zn anodes. Exploring these parameters can provide valuable insights for the future design of 3D Zn
anodes. In this work, previous research on 3D Zn anodes is firstly reviewed and critically compared.
It is found that the current research mainly utilizes Zn anode composites with various 3D substrates
(carbon, metal, Zn alloy), as well as 3D pure Zn structures. Following this, two different Zn anodes
with varying porosity values are proposed and modelled, namely, 3D Zn pillar anode (porosity=0.3,
0.5, 0.7, 0.9) and 3D Zn concentric anode (porosity=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7). The electric field distributions
of anodes are explored and simulated using Ansys Maxwell numerical analysis. Consequently, it is
found that increasing porosity can disperse electric field distributions over anodes. In particular, the
Zn pillar anode can accommodate Zn ions more effectively owing to its unique and open pillar
channels, whereas the 3D Zn concentric anode can impose a weaker electric field across pores with
its large volume of space. The studies of pore depth propose a low to moderate pore depth for effective
Zn ion transport in 3D Zn anodes. These results pioneer the research on optimizing the performance
of 3D Zn anodes by exploring their structural designs and parameters.
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Saloga, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Studies of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Phosphate Nanostructures / Patrick Saloga." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122392579X/34.
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Parat, Marie-Odile. "Zinc et apoptose." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE18001.
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Xia, Dan Kui. "Recovery of zinc from zinc ferrite and electric arc furnace dust." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38338.pdf.
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Ribeiro, Nicole Sartori. ""Modulação da homeostase de zinco em Acanthamoeba castellanii como uma possível estratégia antifúngica"." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170197.
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Cryptococcus gattii é um dos principais agentes de infecção oportunista em todo o mundo. Esse fungo está presente no meio ambiente e, por isso, pode infectar diversos hospedeiros, inclusive seres humanos, nematóides e células ameboides. Acanthamoeba spp. são protozoários de vida livre que fagocitam diversos organismos, especialmente bactérias e fungos. Apesar de macrófagos e amebas serem evolutivamente distantes, eles compartilham diversas etapas comuns no processo de fagocitose e eliminação do patógeno. Além disso, existem teorias de que amebas e macrófagos possuem um ancestral comum. Para averiguar se essas duas células fagocíticas apresentam estratégias antifúngicas similares, nós analisamos o mecanismo de imunidade nutricional. Essa estratégia imunológica reduz a disponibilidade de nutrientes essenciais para o patógeno, inclusive metais de transição como o zinco. Neste trabalho, nós analisamos se há modulação da homeostase de zinco em Acanthamoeba castellanii durante sua interação com C. gattii. Testes de fagocitose e taxa de replicação intracelular (IPR) realizados através da interação de amebas com a linhagem selvagem (WT) e mutante do gene ZIP1 de C. gattii. O mutante utilizado (zip1Δ) é caracterizado pela sua incapacidade de crescer sem a presença de zinco. Nós observamos que a linhagem mutante foi mais fagocitada por células de A. castellanii comparado com WT. Também, o teste de IPR mostrou que a atividade antifúngica das células hospedeiras apresentou-se mais efetiva contra as células mutantes. Entretanto, a sobrevivência de zip1Δ foi maior quando zinco extracelular (10 M) foi adicionado ao meio de interação. Esses resultados sugerem que as células criptocócicas internalizadas podem estar sofrendo uma privação da disponibilidade de zinco no interior do fagossomo. Para analisar alterações nos transportadores de zinco das células hospedeiras durante sua interação com C. gattii, análises de PCR quantitativo em tempo real (RT-qPCR) foram realizadas para os transportadores de zinco das famílias ZIP e ZnT. Uma intensa modulação de alguns genes foi observado após 3 e 24 horas pós-infecção. Além disso, análises de citometria de fluxo mostraram que os níveis de zinco livre das amebas estavam reduzidos devido a presença do fungo. Esses resultados sugerem que amebas podem modular a disponibilidade de zinco, afim de prejudicar o patógeno.Cryptococcus gattii is one of the most important agents of opportunistic infections worldwide. They are found in the environment, where it can interact with different host types, including humans, nematodes and amoebic cells. Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living protozoa that basically feed on bacteria and yeast through phagocytosis. Macrophages and amoebae, although evolutionarily distant, share conserved mechanisms related to steps of phagocytosis and microbial killing. In addition, it has been hypothesized that amoeba and macrophage have a common ancestor. To investigate if there are similar antifungal strategies between both cellular types, we analyzed the nutritional immunity mechanism. It is a process defined as a reduction of essential nutrients availability to the pathogen, such as zinc. In this context, we investigate if amoeba cells are able to modulate zinc homeostasis during the interaction with C. gattii. Phagocytosis and intracellular replications (IPR) analysis performed through the interaction between amoebae and wild-type (WT) and mutant for the ZIP1 gene (zip1Δ) strains of C. gattii. The mutant is unable to grow in absence of zinc. We found that zip1Δ strain is more readily engulfed by A. castellanii cells compared to WT. In addition, IPR analysis showed that the antifungal activity of such host cells was more effective against the mutant cells. However, the mutant strain survival was increased when additional extracellular zinc (10 M) was added to the interaction medium. This data suggests that engulfed cryptococcal cells might have been experiencing a deprivation of zinc inside the phagosome. To further evaluate alterations of zinc transporters in host cells due to cryptococcal infection, RT-qPCR analysis was performed for the ZIP and ZnT zinc transporter families. An intense modulation of some genes was found after 3 and 24 hours’ post-infection. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that free zinc levels from amoebae are reduced by the cryptococcal presence. These results indicate that amoebae are able to modulate zinc availability to harm the pathogen.
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Sá, Marina Granado e. "Caracterização do transporte de zinco em células isoladas do epitélio branquial da lagosta Homarus americanus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-11012009-232423/.
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Os filamentos branquiais da lagosta Americana, Homarus americanus, foram dissociados em solução salina fisiológica e os diversos tipos celulares separados em gradiente de 30, 40, 50 e 80% de sacarose através de centrifugação de alta velocidade. As células provenientes de cada solução de sacarose foram incubadas em 65Zn2+ visando caracterizar a tomada de zinco para cada tipo celular. A caracterização do acúmulo de zinco em cada célula foi investigada na presença e ausência de 10mM de cálcio (CaCl2), variadas concentrações de NaCl e pH, presença de 100 µM de verapamil, nifedipina (inibidores de canais de Ca2+) e ionóforo de cálcio, A23187. O influxo de 65Zn2+ foi descrito pela cinética de Michaelis-Menten nas concentrações de zinco variando de 1-1000 µM.. O cálcio externo não afetou o transporte de Zn para as células presentes no gradiente de 30% a 50% de sacarose, mas atuou como estimulador para as células em gradiente de 80% de sacarose. O cálcio reduziu o Km e a velocidade máxima de transporte (Vmax) para as células de 30% de sacarose, enquanto duplicou aparentemente a velocidade máxima de transporte para as células provenientes do meio em 80% de sacarose. Os resultados sugerem que o cálcio, sódio e prótons entram nas células branquiais através de um canal para cátion com ampla especificidade. Diferenças observadas no transporte de zinco em relação aos diferentes tipos de células aparentemente estão relacionadas com as diferentes taxas de afinidade de cada transportador em cada tipo celular. O transporte de 65Zn2+ também foi estudado em filamentos branquiais isolados e intactos, demonstrando propriedades de transporte muito parecidas com as observadas pelas células em gradiente de 80% de sacarose. Os resultados sugerem que a tomada de Zn se dá por processo de transporte na membrana apical das brânquias. Um modelo experimental para o transporte de Zn em células de brânquias de lagostas é apresentado.Gill filaments of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, were dissociated in a physiological saline and separated into several cell types on a 30, 40, 50, and 80% sucrose gradient. Cells from each sucrose solution were separately resuspended in physiological saline and incubated in 65Zn2+ in order to assess the nature of metal uptake by each cell type. Characteristics of zinc accumulation by each kind of cell was investigated in the presence and absence of 10 mM calcium (CaCl2), variable NaCl concentrations and pH values, and 100 µM verapamil, nifedipine (calcium channel inhibitors), and the calcium ionophore, A23187. 65Zn2+ influxes were hyperbolic functions of zinc concentration (1-1000 µM) and followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. External calcium was neutral to cells from 30% to 50% sucrose, but stimulatory for cells from 80% sucrose. However, calcium reduced both apparent zinc binding affinity (Km) and maximal transport velocity (Jmax) for 30% sucrose cells, while doubling the apparent maximal transport velocity for 80% sucrose cells. Results suggest that calcium, sodium, and protons enter gill epithelial cells by way of an endogenous broad-specificity cation channel and trans-stimulate metal uptake by a plasma membrane carrier system. Differences in zinc transport observed between gill epithelial cell types appear related to apparent affinity differences of the transporters in each kind of cell. Low affinity cells from 30% sucrose were partially inhibited by calcium, while high affinity cells from 80% sucrose were stimulated. 65Zn2+ transport was also studied by isolated, intact, gill filament tips. These intact gill fragments generally displayed the same transport properties as did cells from 80% sucrose and provided support for metal uptake processes being an apical phenomena. A working model for zinc transport by lobster gill cells is presented.
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Romualdo, Guilherme Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Efeitos da deficiência ou suplementação de zinco sobre a hepatocarcinogênese química em camundongos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136259.
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Zinc is required for a wide range of enzymes and transcription factors involved in DNA repair, antioxidant defense and cell proliferation. Inadequate zinc intake could impair these functions, predisposing to the development of human diseases. This study evaluated whether dietary zinc deficiency or supplementation alter early chemically-induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Male Balb/C mice received a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/Kg) at postnatal day (PND) 15 as an initiating agent for hepatocarcinogenesis. At PND 28, animals were allocated into three groups (n=13/group) and were fed AIN-93G diet containing different concentrations of zinc: adequate zinc (35 mg/Kg diet), zinc deficiency (3 mg/Kg diet) or zinc supplementation (180 mg/Kg diet). Also, 2-acetylaminefluorene (2-AAF, 0.02%) was incorporated in all experimental diets as a promoting agent for hepatocarcinogenesis. Mice were euthanized at 12 or 24 weeks after introducing the experimental diets. Blood and liver samples were collected to perform Comet Assay. Other liver fragments were sampled for histopathological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses, western blotting and antioxidant profiling. Zinc deficiency decreased Nrf2 expression and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and increased NFκB, p53 expression and the number of preneoplastic altered hepatocyte foci (AHF) per cm² at week 12. In addition, zinc deficiency decreased GSH levels and increased 2-AAF-induced genotoxicity (peripheral blood and liver), cell proliferation into AHF and AHF size at week 24. In contrast, zinc supplementation increased GSH levels and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity and decreased 2-AAF-induced genotoxicity (blood) and β-catenin expression at week 12. Besides, zinc supplementation increased GSH levels and GPx, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity at week 24. The findings indicate that zinc deficiency promotes early chemically-induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis while zinc supplementation enhances hepatic antioxidant defense.
O Zinco é um elemento essencial para uma grande diversidade de enzimas e fatores de transcrição envolvidos no reparo ao DNA, defesa antioxidante e proliferação celular. O consumo inadequado desse metal pode prejudicar tais funções e predispor ao desenvolvimento de doenças. Assim, o estudo avaliou se a deficiência ou suplementação de zinco alteram os estágios iniciais da hepatocarcinogênese. Para tanto, camundongos Balb/C receberam dose única intraperitoneal do carcinógeno dietilnitrosamina (50 mg/Kg) no 15º dia pós-natal (DPN), para iniciação da hepatocarcinogênese. Ao 28º DPN, os animais foram randomicamente alocados em três grupos experimentais (n=13/grupo) recebendo dieta AIN-93G contendo níveis adequados (35 mg/Kg), deficiência (3 mg/Kg) ou suplementação (180 mg/Kg) de zinco, além do agente promotor acetilaminofluoreno (0.02% em todas as dietas). Os animais foram eutanasiados após 12 e 24 semanas após a introdução das dietas. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas antes da eutanásia para a avaliação de genotoxicidade pelo Teste do Cometa. Na necropsia, amostras de fígado foram retiradas para o Teste do Cometa, avaliação histopatológica e morfométrica análise imunoistoquímica, determinação do perfil antioxidante e western blot. Na 12ª semana, a deficiência de zinco reduziu a expressão de Nrf2 e os níveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e aumentou a expressão de NFκB e p53 e número de lesões pré- neoplásicas por cm². Já na 24ª semana, a deficiência reduziu os níveis de GSH e aumentou a genotoxicidade induzida por 2-AAF (sangue e fígado), o tamanho e a proliferação celular das lesões pré-neoplásicas. Por outro lado, a suplementação aumentou os níveis de GSH e a atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e reduziu a expressão de β-catenina e genotoxicidade induzida por 2-AAF (sangue). Ademais, na 24ª semana, a suplementação aumentou os níveis de GSH e a atividade das enzimas GPx, superóxido dismutase e catalase. Os resultados indicam que a deficiência de zinco promove a hepatocarcinogênese em seus estágios iniciais, enquanto a suplementação aumenta a defesa antioxidante hepática.
FAPESP: 2014/01795-0
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Romualdo, Guilherme Ribeiro. "Efeitos da deficiência ou suplementação de zinco sobre a hepatocarcinogênese química em camundongos." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136259.
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Orientador: Luís Fernando BarbisanResumo: Zinc is required for a wide range of enzymes and transcription factors involved in DNA repair, antioxidant defense and cell proliferation. Inadequate zinc intake could impair these functions, predisposing to the development of human diseases. This study evaluated whether dietary zinc deficiency or supplementation alter early chemically-induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Male Balb/C mice received a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/Kg) at postnatal day (PND) 15 as an initiating agent for hepatocarcinogenesis. At PND 28, animals were allocated into three groups (n=13/group) and were fed AIN-93G diet containing different concentrations of zinc: adequate zinc (35 mg/Kg diet), zinc deficiency (3 mg/Kg diet) or zinc supplementation (180 mg/Kg diet). Also, 2-acetylaminefluorene (2-AAF, 0.02%) was incorporated in all experimental diets as a promoting agent for hepatocarcinogenesis. Mice were euthanized at 12 or 24 weeks after introducing the experimental diets. Blood and liver samples were collected to perform Comet Assay. Other liver fragments were sampled for histopathological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses, western blotting and antioxidant profiling. Zinc deficiency decreased Nrf2 expression and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and increased NFκB, p53 expression and the number of preneoplastic altered hepatocyte foci (AHF) per cm² at week 12. In addition, zinc deficiency decreased GSH levels and increased 2-AAF-induced genotoxicity (peripheral blood ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: O Zinco é um elemento essencial para uma grande diversidade de enzimas e fatores de transcrição envolvidos no reparo ao DNA, defesa antioxidante e proliferação celular. O consumo inadequado desse metal pode prejudicar tais funções e predispor ao desenvolvimento de doenças. Assim, o estudo avaliou se a deficiência ou suplementação de zinco alteram os estágios iniciais da hepatocarcinogênese. Para tanto, camundongos Balb/C receberam dose única intraperitoneal do carcinógeno dietilnitrosamina (50 mg/Kg) no 15º dia pós-natal (DPN), para iniciação da hepatocarcinogênese. Ao 28º DPN, os animais foram randomicamente alocados em três grupos experimentais (n=13/grupo) recebendo dieta AIN-93G contendo níveis adequados (35 mg/Kg), deficiência (3 mg/Kg) ou suplementação (180 mg/Kg) de zinco, além do agente promotor acetilaminofluoreno (0.02% em todas as dietas). Os animais foram eutanasiados após 12 e 24 semanas após a introdução das dietas. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas antes da eutanásia para a avaliação de genotoxicidade pelo Teste do Cometa. Na necropsia, amostras de fígado foram retiradas para o Teste do Cometa, avaliação histopatológica e morfométrica análise imunoistoquímica, determinação do perfil antioxidante e western blot. Na 12ª semana, a deficiência de zinco reduziu a expressão de Nrf2 e os níveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e aumentou a expressão de NFκB e p53 e número de lesões pré- neoplásicas por cm². Já na 24ª semana, a deficiência reduziu os níveis de ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Heitmann, Filip August. "Zinc Oxide Nanolaser : Photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical pumping of zinc oxide nanowires." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16785.
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This Master's thesis is a continuation of the specialization project I did during the spring of 2011. The goal of said project was to set up a system for UV-photoluminescence experiments in the Nanophotonics laboratory at the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at NTNU, and conduct photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements on different zinc oxide nanostructures, including GaAs/AlGaAs/ZnO core/multishell nanowires. This thesis involves studying zinc oxide nanowires using both a continuous wave and pulsed ultraviolet laser light, and the final goal is to optically excite these nanowires so they achieve lasing. Using a Tsunami Ti:sapph mode-locked tunable laser and a flexible harmonic generator, laser pulses with a pulse duration of 2 ps could be generated at wavelengths around 300 nm, at a power of around 5 mW. At this power, some of the wires showed possible signs of optical gain, but since it was not possible to apply more power to the wires, this could not be confirmed. If there had be enough time, both low temperature measurements and time-resolved spectroscopy, using a streak camera, would have been performed.
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Tuaweri, Johnnie T. "Zinc and zinc alloy composite coatings for corrosion protection and wear resistance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10888.
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Zinc and its alloys are among the most widely utilised metallic coatings for the sacrificial protection of steel. Although excellent in this mode of protection, these coatings are often less durable when subjected to environments of combined wear and corrosion due to their intrinsic relative softness and ductility. A possible and fast growing way of improving the durability of these coating is by the codeposition of inert particles into the zinc and zinc-alloy matrix. The main aim of this research was therefore to improve the durability of zinc and zinc-nickel coatings by the incorporation of inert particles via electrolytic codeposition methods. The first five chapters of this thesis comprise literature review on the electrodeposition of zinc, its alloys and composite electrodeposition in general. A major part of which was dedicated to the review of various conventional methods and parameters such as current density, agitation, temperature, solution composition, bath additives and pH usually investigated in electrodeposition. The experimental work was principally based on DC electrodeposition and was aimed at understanding the deposition behaviour of zinc and zinc-nickel electrodeposition baths, conditions which influence them and solution compatibility to the introduction of silica particles. A systematic study on the deposition behaviour of both zinc/silica and zinc-nickel/silica composite baths was carried out with particular interest on the rate of particle incorporation and the influence of particles on zinc-nickel alloy deposition. The complimentary codeposition behaviour of the nickel and silica particles was observed. The influence of bath additives such as N,N Dimethyldodecylamine (NND) and sodium nitrate on the rate of silica incorporation was also studied. Both additives were found to improve the rate of particle incorporation for the zinc/silica. The morphologies and compositions of the coatings were analysed with the use of SEM and FEGSEM. Corrosion performance studies were carried out in a neutral salt spray chamber and linear polarisation resistance methods used to determine barrier corrosion properties of the coatings. Anodic polarisation studies were also carried out. The results show an improvement in the corrosion performance of these coatings with the addition of silica particles Reciprocating wear tests were used to determine the wear behaviour of the coatings in terms of weight loss. Improvement in wear resistance was not observed in the zinc/silica coatings probably due to the high content of silica in the coatings. Lower silica contents may be required for the desired improvements. However, there were obvious improvements in the wear behaviour of the zinc-nickel/silica coatings due to the presence of the silica particles.
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Challis, M. R. "Improved corrosion resistance in zinc and zinc aluminium alloy galvanised strip steels." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636221.
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The research detailed in this thesis addresses two major challenges facing the performance of organically coated galvanised steels (OCS); namely, improving corrosion and environmental performance. The project aimed to address the viability of chromium free inhibitor chemistries and new metallic coating chemistries with a view to producing organic coated steel products for construction with superior performance. The future of OCS materials depends on the removal of hexavalent chromium from conversion coatings and inhibitor systems. Scanning electrochemical techniques have been developed to provide spatially resolved current intensity measurement and by a series of mathematical treatments semi-quantitative estimates of corrosion. The studies have shown that whilst anodic inhibitors (Cr2O42-, MoO42-, PO42-) can elevate corrosion intensity on zinc galvanised steel they appear far more efficient on the more corrosion resistant Galfan (4.2% Al). By contrast cathodic inhibitors based on REM cations (Ce3+, Y3+, La3+) are efficient on both substrates. The difference is related to the heterogeneous microstructure of the Galfan coating. Despite improved corrosion performance the heterogeneous microstructure of the Galfan coating leads to corrosion localisation at zinc rich dendrites. Galfan samples (2.4% Al) differing only in the spelter addition of trace magnesium levels (0.01% to 0.05%) were studied using the SVET. For the bare substrate reduced surface cracking and dendrite breakthrough reduced surface corrosion activity as magnesium levels increased. By contrast increasingly large sub surface dendrites caused a rapid increase in cut edge corrosion intensity. Chromium free OCS samples were prepared using novel primer pigments based on clay minerals ion exchanged with REM cations incorporated into a PVC plastisol primer and applied to a Galfan substrate pre-treated with a phosphate coating. The REM exchanged clay materials performed equivalent to or better than the best available chrome free pigment, calcium exchanged silica. In combination with improved metallic coating chemistry these materials are likely to provide the high performance coated products of tomorrow.
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Kimpton, Harriet J. "The production and properties of zinc-nickel and zinc-nickel-manganese electroplate." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12951.
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The aim of this research proj ect was to produce compositionally modulated zincnickel and zinc-nickel-manganese coatings usi ng a single bath process by variation of the applied electroplating current density. These could then be considered as possible replacements for electroplated cadmium. Zinc-nickel electrodeposits from both a simple bath and one containing the complexant tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine (TRIS) were produced using either bath or by selective electroplating onto mild steel, 2014-T6 aluminium and 2000 series aluminium alloy connector shells. Zinc-nickelmanganese coatings were electroplated onto mild steel, using both DC and pulse electroplating from sulphate based baths containing either the complexant TRIS or sodium citrate. The coatings and the various electrodeposition processes were evaluated by thickness measurements, cun'ent efficiency calculations, composition detennination using energy dispersive X-ray anal ys is and SEM to examine the morphology. Corrosion characteristics were investigated by neutral salt fog exposure, alternate immersion, atmospheric trials, and electrochemical immersion tests including potential monitoring, galvanic and polarisation measurements. Other properties such as microhardness and surface electrical conductivity were also investigated. Compositionally modulated zinc-nickel and ziJlc-nickel-manganese were successfully deposited from single baths with nickel contents ranging from 5-20% Ni and manganese contents varying from 0-12% Mn. Current efficiency measurements showed the efficiency to be low especially for the zinc-nickel-manganese coatings, which exhibited a distinct morphology when electroplated from the citrate bath. Corrosion testing indicated that both coatings had a lower corrosion resistance than cadmium especially in accelerated tests, with a reduction in corrosion resistance being seen as the nickel content was increased; due to a decrease in density of the electroplate. This, and increasing through-thickness porosity promoted ennoblement of zinc-nickel and zinc-nickel-manganese leading to the coatings becoming nonsacri ficial to the substrate in accelerated tests. Zinc-nickel-manganese showed less white rust than zinc-nickel and exhibited lligher micro-hardness than zinc, cadmium and zinc-nickel. Electrical measurements indicated that both coatings were sufficiently conductive to meet the surface conductivity requirements for use on electrical connector shells.
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Lew, Susan. "High temperature sulfidation and reduction of zinc titanate and zinc oxide sorbents." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13747.
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Brooke, Ian William. "The electrodeposition of Tin/Zinc, Tin/Chromium and Tin/Zinc/Chromium alloys." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426444.
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The electrodeposition of tin/chromium and tin/zinc/chromium is a new field of research. This field was investigated because it may be of commercial, as well as scientific, interest if a range of alloy compositions could be sustainably deposited from environmentally acceptable electrolytes. With no published work to guide this research difficulties were encountered in producing sustainable deposition procedures. A novel electrolyte that deposited tin/chromium alloys in a range of compositions was produced. This electrolyte was adjusted to produce novel tin/zinc/chromium deposits in a range of compositions. However the thickness of deposited tin/zinc/chromium was limited to 300nm. It was hypothesised that polymerised chromium glycine could be used as a weak brightener to increase deposit thickness. This produced another novel electrolyte and it was confirmed that chromium could be codeposited from polymerised chromium glycine with tin and zinc. This electrolyte produced deposits in a range of compositions and produced tin/zinc/chromium deposits up to 3Jlm thick. The ability to deposit chromium from the polymerised electrolyte was enhanced by the codeposition oftin. This induced codeposition of chromium with tin had not previously been reported. It was observed that tin metal was dissolved by the chromium glycine electrolyte and that this dissolved tin was not precipitated out. It was suggested that the dissolved tin could be electrodeposited with chromium. Experimentation confirmed this hypothesis. The alloy produced was rich in chromium, 6Jlm thick and of a bright appearance. Tin/chromium and tin/zinc/chromium deposits were analysed by Mossbauer and X-ray Diffractometry and p-tin identified in all samples examined. Significantly tin only phases could not explain the Mossbauer and X-ray diffraction results, the presence of other tin microenvironments are required. However the lack of standards for comparison made identification of such microenvironments difficult.
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Mir, Arshad A. "The creep properties of a series of zinc-rich zinc-aluminium alloys." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/13277/.
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The compressive creep behaviour of six sand cast zinc-rich alloys: No3 and No5, corresponding to BS 1004A and BS 1004B, respectively, alloy No2, ILZRO,.16 and two newer alloys ACuZinc5 and ACuZinc10 was investigated. The total creep contraction of the alloys was found to be well correlated using an empirical equation. On the basis of this equation, a parametrical relationship was derived which allowed the total creep contraction to be related to the applied stress, the temperature and the time of test, so that a quantitative assessment of compressive creep of the alloys could be made under different testing conditions. The primary creep and secondary creep rates were found for the alloys at different temperatures and stresses. Generally, the primary creep contraction was found to increase with copper content, whereas secondary creep rates decreased in the order No3, ACuZinc10, ACuZinc5 and No2. ILZRO.16 was tested only at the highest stress and two higher temperatures. The results showed that ILZRO.16 had higher creep resistance than all the other alloys. Thus, based on the above empirical equation, alloy No2 was found to have a substantially better total creep resistance than alloys No3 and No5, and slightly better than ACuZinc5 and ACuZinc10 for strains up to 1%. Both ACuZinc alloys had higher creep strength than commercial alloys No3 and No5. Alloy No5 had much higher creep resistance than alloy No3 under all conditions. The superior creep resistance of alloy No2 was considered to be due to the presence of small precipitates of -phase in the zinc matrix and a regular eutectic morphology. The stress exponents and activation energies for creep under different testing conditions were found to be consistent with some established creep-controlling mechanisms; i.e. dislocation climb for alloy No3, dislocation climb over second phase particles for alloys No5, No2, ACuZinc10, controlled by lattice diffusion in the zinc-rich phase. The lower creep resistance of alloy No3 was mainly due to the lower creep strength of copper-free primary particles having greater volume than eutectic in the microstructure. Alloys No5, ACuZinc5 and ACuZinc10 showed much better creep resistance than alloy No3, based on the precipitation-hardening due to the presence of small -phase precipitates. The primary dendrites in both ACuZinc alloys however were not of much benefit in improving the creep resistance of the alloys.
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Morera, i. Prat Josep Maria 1958. "Adobament mixt vegetal-zinc." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98514.
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L'objectiu d'aquest treball és l'estudi de l'adobament mixt vegetal-zinc per tal d'obtenir les dades necessàries que permetin optimitzar el procés segons l'article final desitjat.
Per assolir aquest objectiu caldrà estudiar quins dels paràmetres físics i químics que formen part d'un procés d'adobament influeixen en els resultats obtinguts al realitzar sobre la pell adobada els assaigs físics i les anàlisis químiques que permeten avaluar la qualitat de la pell.
Perquè una pell sigui acceptable pel comprador que vol fabricar un article determinat, ha de complir unes exigències mínimes determinades i uns requisits puntuals que no sempre són els mateixos. Així, mentre que per a determinats articles convé que la pell costi molt d'estripar, per a altres articles convé més que la pell tingui una certa repel.lència a l'aigua, per a altres convé que en tibar-la no s'allargui, etc.
Per això, l'estudi de la variació de les principals propietats de la pell adobada respecte a les variacions efectuades en el procés, proporciona la informació necessària per poder dissenyar el procés més adequat d'adobament en funció de l'article final desitjat.
Fer aquest estudi serà, doncs, el camí a seguir més lògic per tal d'assolir l'objectiu plantejat.
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Williams, N. R. "Zinc in human pregnancy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517756.
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Turner, Gary Chandler. "Zinc Oxide MESFET Transistors." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3439.
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Zinc oxide is a familiar ingredient in common household items including sunscreen and medicines. It
is, however, also a semiconductor material. As such, it is possible to use zinc oxide (ZnO) to make
semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors. Being transparent to visible light in its
crystalline form means that it has the potential to be the starting material for so-called 'transparent
electronics', where the entire device is transparent. Transparent transistors have the potential to
improve the performance of the electronics currently used in LCD display screens.
Most common semiconductor devices require the material to be selectively doped with specific
impurities that can make the material into one of two electronically distinct types – p- or n-type.
Unfortunately, making reliable p-type ZnO has been elusive to date, despite considerable efforts
worldwide. This lack of p-type material has hindered development of transistors based on this
material.
One alternative is a Schottky junction, which can be used as the active element in a type of transistor
known as a metal-semiconductor field effect transistor, MESFET. Schottky junctions are traditionally
made from noble metal layers deposited onto semiconductors. Recent work at the Canterbury
University has shown that partially oxidised metals may in fact be a better choice, at least to zinc
oxide.
This thesis describes the development of a fabrication process for metal-semiconductor field effect
transistors using a silver oxide gate on epitaxially grown zinc oxide single crystals. Devices were
successfully produced and electrically characterised. The measurements show that the technology has
significant potential.
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Imtiaz, Muhammad. "Zinc deficiency in cereals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298411.
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Aiken, Simon Piers. "Physiological transport of zinc." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278677.
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Alenezi, Mohammad Rabia. "Nanostructured zinc oxide sensors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616927.
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This thesis focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of different ZnO nanostructures where rational control over their morphology allows for the optimization of the · different morphologies for a range of sensing applications. ZnO nanostructures with different dimensionalities have been synthesized through low temperature hydrothermal techniques. One dimensional ZnO NW s have been synthesized with and without the assistance of a seed layer, with a higher degree of control over their structure, morphology, density and dimensions. The large scale production of two dimensional ZnO nanodisks with a high fi.-action of exposed polar mcets have also been produced through using zinc counter ions with preferential capping capabilities on defined mcets. Furthermore, using a multistage hydrothermal synthesis, a range of three dimensional hierarchical ZnO nanostructures grown from initial mono-morphological ZnO nanostlUctmes/seeds has been reported. The growth parameters, such as the nutlient concentration, quantity of polyethylenirnine, growth time, and zinc counter ions have had a substantial impact on the morphological properties of the grown structures.
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Cabrera-Anaya, Juan Manuel. "Growth of zinc whiskers." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI039/document.
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Les whiskers, filaments métalliques qui poussent sur des surfaces métalliques, sont unproblème très important pour la fiabilité des composants électroniques. Depuis ces dernièresannées, il y a eu un regain d’intérêts industriels dans le domaine de la croissance des whiskers,principalement en raison de la miniaturisation des dispositifs électroniques et des réglementationsenvironnementales interdisant l'utilisation du plomb.Alors que la plupart des recherches concernent les whiskers d'étain, il y a encore peu detravaux sur les whiskers de zinc. Les revêtements d’électrodéposés de zinc sont utilisés commeprotection anticorrosion pour les aciers faiblement alliés dans diverses industries, commel'automobile, l'aéronautique ou l'énergie, ainsi que dans les structures de soutien ou les planchersfaux plafonds dans les centres de données informatiques. Afin d'atténuer, de prévenir et deprédire les défaillances causées par les whiskers de zinc, les mécanismes de sa croissance doiventêtre compris.Grâce à des tests de stockage accéléré et à des observations par microscopie électronique àbalayage (MEB), la cinétique de croissance des whiskers de zinc a été étudiée sur des tôles d'acierau carbone faiblement allié, galvanisé et chromé. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes de lacroissance des whiskers de zinc, la caractérisation quantitative ainsi que les excroissances (densité,volume et vitesse de croissance) ont été reliées aux paramètres suivants: la température, le bainpour l’électrodéposition du zinc, la chromatation, l’épaisseur du substrat d’acier, l’épaisseur durevêtement de zinc ainsi que la contrainte résiduelle.En outre, la microstructure et la cristallographie du revêtement de zinc, des racines deswhiskers ainsi que des whiskers elles-mêmes ont été étudiées par diffraction des électronsrétrodiffusés (EBSD), microscopie électronique à transmission (MET), microanalyse par rayon X(EDX) et le dispositif ASTAR pour l'orientation locale des grains; la préparation des échantillonsa été réalisée à l’aide d’un faisceau d'ions focalisés (FIB). La recristallisation ainsi que lesdislocations dans les whiskers et les excroissances ont été observés; aucun composéintermétallique n’a été observé que ce soit dans les échantillons issus de différents bainsélectrolytes ou encore dans les films / whiskers.Il a été montré que la relaxation de contrainte de compression résiduelle et la croissance deswhiskers sont deux phénomènes différents mais fortement reliés et thermiquement activés.Chacun d'entre eux suit un mécanisme différent; les énergies d'activation apparentes des deuxphénomènes ont été établies, et la diffusion aux joints de grains est proposée comme le principalmécanisme de diffusion pour la croissance des whiskers.Des cinétiques de la croissance des whiskers, à la fois analytique et phénoménologique sontproposées. Une bonne estimation de la croissance des whiskers et de leur vitesse de croissance àdes températures proches des conditions de fonctionnement est obtenue par comparaison avecles données expérimentalesWhiskers, conductive metallic filaments that grow from metallic surfaces, are a very importantissue for reliability of electronic components. Through recent years, there has been a renewedindustrial interest on whisker growth, mainly due to the miniaturization of electronic devices andthe environmental regulations forbidding the use of lead.While most of the research has been focused on tin whiskers, there is still little reference tozinc whiskers. Electroplated zinc coatings are actually used as anticorrosive protection for lowalloy steels in diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace or energy, as well as for supportstructures or raised-floor tiles in computer data centers. In order to mitigate, prevent and predictthe failures caused by the zinc whiskers, the mechanisms of growth must be understood.By accelerated storage tests and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation, kinetics ofgrowth of zinc whiskers was studied on low alloy chromed electroplated carbon steel.Quantitative characterization of both whisker and hillocks (density, volume and growth rate) wasrelated with the parameters temperature, electroplating electrolyte, presence of chrome, steelsubstrate thickness, zinc coating thickness and residual stress, in order to understand themechanisms of growth.Additionally, both microstructure and crystallography of zinc coating, whisker roots and actualwhiskers were studied by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Transmission ElectronMicroscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and local grain orientationwith ASTAR setup, using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) for samples preparation. Recrystallization aswell as dislocations were observed in both whiskers and hillocks; no intermetallic compoundswere seen in neither electroplated nor whiskers.It is found that compressive residual stress relaxation and whiskers growth are two differentbut strongly interconnected phenomena both thermally activated, an each of them follows adifferent mechanism; apparent activation energies of the two phenomena are calculated, andgrain boundary diffusion is established as the main diffusion mechanism for whiskers growth.Whiskers growth kinetics, both analytical and phenomenological is proposed. Goodestimation of whiskers growth and whiskers growth rate at temperatures close to operationconditions is obtained when compared with experimental data
Whiskers, filamentos metálicos que crecen en superficies metálicas, son un problema muyimportante para la fiabilidad de componentes electrónicos. Durante los últimos años, ha habidoun renovado interés industrial en el crecimiento de whiskers, debido principalmente a laminiaturización de dispositivos electrónicos y a las regulaciones ambientales que prohíben lautilización de plomo.La mayoría de las investigaciones se concentran en los whiskers de estaño y hay todavía pocostrabajos sobre los whiskers de zinc. Los recubrimientos de zinc electrodepositado son utilizadoscomo protección anticorrosión para los aceros de baja aleación en diversas industrias, comoautomotriz, aeronáutica o energética, así como en la estructuras de soporte o tejas de techosfalsos en los centros de datos informáticos. Para atenuar, prevenir y predecir las fallas causadaspor los whiskers de zinc, los mecanismos de crecimiento deben ser comprendidos.Gracias a experimentos de almacenamiento de muestras y a observaciones por microscopíaelectrónica de barrido (SEM), la cinética de crecimiento de whiskers de zinc ha sido estudiada enaceros de baja aleación recubiertos de zinc y cromados. Para comprender los mecanismos decrecimiento de whiskers de zinc, la caracterización cuantitativa de whiskers y de protuberancias(densidad, volumen y velocidad de crecimiento) fue relacionada con los parámetros siguientes:temperatura, electrolito usado en la electrodeposición de zinc, cromado, espesor del substrato deacero, espesor del recubrimiento de zinc al igual que el estrés residual.Adicionalmente, microestructura y cristalografía del recubrimiento de zinc, de raíces dewhiskers así como de los propios whiskers fueron estudiadas por medio de la difracción deelectrones por retrodispersión (EBSD), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM),microanálisis por rayos X (EDX) y el dispositivo ASTAR para la orientación local de granos; lapreparación de muestras fue realizada con la ayuda de un haz de iones localizados (FIB). Larecristalización así como las dislocaciones en whiskers y protuberancias fueron observadas;ningún compuesto intermetálico ha sido observado en los recubrimientos ni en los whiskers.Se determinó que la relajación del estrés residual de compresión y el crecimiento de whiskersson dos fenómenos diferentes pero fuertemente interconectados y térmicamente activados. Cadauno de ellos sigue un mecanismo diferente; las energías de activación aparentes de los dosfenómenos han sido establecidas, y la difusión por bordes de grano es propuesta como elprincipal mecanismo de difusión para el crecimiento de whiskers.Cinéticas de crecimiento de whiskers, a la vez analíticas y fenomenológicas son propuestas.Una buena estimación del crecimiento de whiskers y su velocidad de crecimiento a temperaturascercanas a las condiciones de operación es obtenida por comparación con los datosexperimentales
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Koutoma, Alice. "La métallurgie du zinc." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P105.
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Gaither, L. Alex. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of the human zinc transport proteins hZip1 & hZip2 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025618.
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Lemos, Mariana Gazire 1982. "Caracterização geológica e tecnológica do minério de zinco do extremo norte da mina de Vazante, Minas Gerais." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286867.
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Orientador: Lena Virginia Soares MonteiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: A Faixa Vazante-Paracatu, localizada na porção noroeste de Minas Gerais, representa o mais importante distrito zincífero do país. Nos últimos anos, os depósitos de zinco não-sulfetados, como o de Vazante localizado nessa faixa, vem se destacando no cenário internacional devido aos teores de zinco mais elevados em relação aos de minérios sulfetados e aos avanços nas tecnologias de processamento mineral. Estudos de caracterização mineralógica e geoquímica do corpo de minério da Mina Extremo Norte (Antiga Mineração Aeirense S/A), que representa uma continuidade do trend de mineralização de Vazante, visam à identificação da forma de ocorrência e distribuição de elementos úteis que poderão vir a ser aproveitados, tais como Zn e seus possíveis subprodutos. As etapas realizadas nesse estudo incluíram trabalhos de campo, análises químicas de rocha total, petrografia, análises com uso de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e ensaios tecnológicos nos tipos de minérios identificados. Os dados levantados mostram diferenças entre o minério do Extremo Norte e da Mina de Vazante. Os corpos de minério no Extremo Norte são hospedados por unidades dolomíticas do Membro Morro do Pinheiro Inferior (Formação Serra do Poço Verde), próximo ao contato com rochas metapelíticas da Formação Serra do Garrote, ambas do Grupo Vazante. O controle da mineralização é estrutural, assim como na Mina de Vazante, mas a zona de falha que controla a distribuição dos corpos de minério apresenta traço curvo e direção N-S. A mineralização supérgena é representada pela calamina (hemimorfita), enquanto a hipógena, apresenta predominância de willemita. Altos conteúdos de ferro nas zonas mineralizadas, também uma particularidade da área, foram usados na classificação de subtipos de minérios de calamina e willemita. Apartir das relações mineralógicas, químicas e texturais, pode-se sugerir que a participação de fluidos metalíferos e meteóricos seria provável para a formação da mineralização hipógena do Extremo Norte. Neste contexto, as condições físico-químicas resultantes da mistura de fluidos para a formação do minério willemítico seriam aquelas de pH neutro a básico, resultante da maior participação de fluidos meteóricos já aquecidos ou do tamponamento devido às reações com as rochas carbonáticas, sem decréscimo acentuado de temperatura. As análises químicas mostraram que os teores de ferro do minério da antiga Mina da Masa podem ser relacionados à profundidade e ao fechamento de lentes de willemita mais profundas. Além disso, o minério da antiga Mina da Masa é mais empobrecido em elementos traços como Ag, Cd, Ge e Pb em relação ao minério de Vazante. Tal fato pode estar relacionado ao conteúdo mais baixo de sulfetos no minério do Extremo Norte. De acordo com a caracterização tecnológica, observa-se que os subtipos de minério com willemita com menores (Fé < 20%) e maiores teores de Fe (Fe > 20%), mostram tendências semelhantes em relação a sua distribuição granulométrica. O conteúdo de Zn é significativo entre as faixas granulométricas -0,15+0,11 e -0,044+0,038mm. Os teores de Fé encontram-se maiores na fração grossa, principalmente para as amostras ricas em Fe, onde os grãos de hematita estão associados à willemita ou liberados. Ao relacionar tal fato com a petrografia, pode-se concluir que isso deve-se à substituição da fase willemítica pela hematítica. Os teores de CaO e MgO apresentaram-se maiores nas frações mais finas para os dois subtipos de minério, principalmente para o subtipo rico em Fe e contribuem para fenômeno slime coating, que é resultante tanto dos maiores conteúdos de dolomita, como quantidades elevadas de hematita, que representa um corpo moedor devido à diferença em sua dureza em relação aos minerais carbonáticos. Em geral, o aproveitamento dos sulfetos do minério da Mina Extremo Norte é dificultado por sua forma de ocorrência, em inclusões muito finas na willemita, que não são liberadas mesmo em frações granulométricas finas (-0,038 mm). Espera-se que esta dissertação possa fornecer subsídios para futuros estudos geometalúrgicos, auxiliando na previsibilidade do comportamento do minério na Usina e na otimização do rendimento da planta metalúrgica
Abstract: The Vazante-Paracatu Belt, located in the northwest portion of the Minas Gerais state, is the most important Brazilian Zn district. In recent years, non-sulphide zinc deposits, such as the Vazante mine, has been highlighted in the international zinc scenario due to its higher zinc grade than those of sulphide ores and mineral processing advances. Mineralogy and geochemistry studies of the Extremo Norte orebody (former Mineração Aeirense S/A), which represents a continuing trend of mineralization in relation to that of Vazante, aim to identify the form of occurrence and distribution of useful elements, such as Zn and its byproducts. The steps carried out were field work, whole rock chemical analysis, petrography including optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and technological tests. The data collected showed differences between the Extremo Norte and Vazante ores. In the Extremo Norte deposit, the orebodies are hosted by dolomitic units of the Lower Morro do Pinheiro Member (Serra do Poço Verde Formation, Vazante Group), close to the contact with metapelitic rocks of the Serra do Garrote Formation (Vazante Group). The mineralization is structurally-controlled, as well as in the Vazante mine, but the fault zone in this area is a curved stroke with N-S trend. The supergene mineralization is represented by calamine (hemimorphite), while the hypogene ore comprises predominantly willemite. High contents of iron in the mineralized zones, also a main feature of the area, have been used to classify the ore subtypes. From the relationships among mineralogy, chemistry and textures, it could be suggested that the involvement of meteoric and metalliferous fluids would also be likely in the Extremo Norte area. The physicochemical conditions, resulting from the ideal mixing process for the willemite formation ore would be those of the basic neutral pH, resulting from participation of heated meteoric fluids or plugging due to reactions with carbonate rocks, without rapid decrease in temperature. The chemical analysis showed that levels of iron in the Extremo Norte ore may be related to depth and closing of deeper willemite lenses. In addition, the ore from Extremo Norte area is more depleted in minor elements, such as Ag, Cd, Pb and Ge than Vazante samples. This may be related to lower sulfide contents in the ore samples of the Extremo Nore than those typical of the Vazante ore. According to the technological characterization, it is observed that the subtypes of willemite ore show similar trends in relation to their size distribution. The content of Zn is significant in particle sizes between -0.15+ 0.11 and -0.044 0.038 mm. Fe contents were higher in the coarse fraction, especially for Fe-enriched samples, where the grains of hematite are associated with willemite or represent released particles. By linking this fact with the petrography, it is possible to conclude that this is due to the presence of hematite mass, which commonly replaces willemite. The contents of CaO and MgO was higher in finer fractions for the two subtypes of ore, especially for subtype rich in Fe and contribute to slime coating.This phenomenon is indeed related to higher contents of CaO and MgO and quantities of hematite, because it is a body grinder can be due to difference in their hardness. In general, the potential for sulphide recovery is not high due to its occurrence mode. In the Extremo Norte Mine, isolated sulphide bodies have not been recognized and sulphide phases occur only as very thinny inclusions in willemite. These inclusions were not released even in very fine granulometry. This study may provide insights for future geometallurgical studies, assisting in the predictability of the ore behavior in the plant and optimizing the efficiency in metallurgical plant
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
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Silva, Flávia Regina Moraes da [UNESP]. "Efeitos da exposição gestacional, lactacional e juvenil às dietas com deficiência e suplementação de zinco e suscetibilidade a carcinogênese da mama em fêmeas Sprague-Dawley." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136242.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a ingestão de dietas com deficiência ou suplementação de zinco, durante as fases de gestação, lactação e juvenil, interfere no desenvolvimento das glândulas mamárias e na susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de carcinogênese mamária induzida pela 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (DMBA) em ratas da linhagem Sprague-Dawley (SD). Duas gerações, mães e prole de fêmeas receberam dietas com níveis adequados (35mg/Kg dieta), deficientes (3mg/Kg dieta) ou com suplementação (180mg/Kg dieta) de zinco durante a gestação e lactação. Após o desmame, as proles de fêmeas receberam as mesmas dietas das mães até o dia pós-natal (DPN) 51 ou 53. No DPN 51 fêmeas SD foram eutanasiadas para remoção das glândulas mamárias abdominais (D e E) ou receberam dose única de DMBA (50mg/kg; i.g.) para iniciação da carcinogênese e eutanasiadas no DPN 53 ou DPN 180. No dia DPN 53 as glândulas foram processadas para análises histológicas e imunoistoquímicas, e avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados a dano e reparo de DNA, apoptose, ciclo celular e sinalização de genes relacionados ao receptor de estrógeno e p53, por RT-qPCR com sistema Taqman Low density array (TLDA). Os tumores coletados ao longo do experimento e no DPN 180 foram processados para avaliação histológica. As fêmeas alimentadas com dieta deficiente de zinco apresentaram redução significativa no peso corpóreo nos DPNs 0, 10, 21 e 51. O número médio de brotos terminais (TEBs), ductos terminais (TEDs) e lóbulos alveolares (ABLs) mamários não diferiram entre as proles dos três grupos experimentais. No DPN 53, os índices de proliferação nas células epiteliais mamárias foram significativamente maiores no grupo que recebeu suplementação de zinco em relação ao grupo controle, enquanto os índices de células epiteliais em apoptose e RE-α positivas não diferiram entre os grupos. Além disso, a suplementação de zinco reduziu significativamente a expressão dos genes Api5 e Ercc1, que atuam como inibidor de apoptose e reparo de DNA, respectivamente. No DPN 180, tanto a deficiência quanto a suplementação de zinco na dieta não alteraram a latência, incidência, multiplicidade ou volume dos tumores mamários induzidos pela DMBA em relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, a suplementação de zinco aumentou o número total de tumores em 72% quando comparado aos demais grupos. Portanto a suplementação de zinco durante as fases iniciais da vida e perído juvenil aumentou marginalmente a suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de tumores mamários.
The present study was designed to evaluate whether dietary intake with zinc deficiency or supplementation during the pregnancy, lactation and juvenile stages interfere the development of mammary glands and susceptibility to the mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in female rats Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Two generations, dams and female offspring received dietary with zinc levels adequate (35 mg/kg diet), deficiency (3 mg/kg diet) or supplementation (180 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the females offspring received the same diets as their dams until post natal day (PND) 51 or 53. On PND 51, females SD were euthanized for removal of the mammary glands (right and left) or received a single dose of DMBA (50mg/kg, ig) for initiation of mammary carcinogenesis and euthanized on PND 53 or PND 180. On PND 53, mammary glands were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses, as well as evaluation of the expression of genes related to DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling related to estrogen receptor and p53 by RT-qPCR with Taqman Low density array system (TLDA). Tumors collected throughout experiment or on PND 180 were processed for histological evaluation. The females fed with dietary zinc deficiency presented a significant reduction in body weight on PND 0, 10, 21 e 51. The mean number of the terminal buds (TEBs), terminal ducts (TEDs) and alveolar lobe (ABLs) in mammary gland did not differ among offspring of the three groups. On PND 53 the indexes of proliferation in the mammary glands epithelial cells were significantly higher in the zinc supplementation group in relation to the control group, while the indexes of apoptosis epithelial cell and positive ER-α did not differ among the groups. Also, dietary zinc supplementation significantly reduced the expression of the Api5 and Ercc1 genes related to apoptosis inhibitor and DNA repair, respectively. On PND 180 both dietary zinc deficiency as supplementation did not change the, latency, incidence, multiplicity or volume of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in relation to the control group. However, dietary zinc supplementation increased the total number of tumors in 72% compared to others groups. Therefore zinc supplementation during the early life and juvenile period marginally increased the susceptibility to the mammary tumors development.
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Silva, Flávia Regina Moraes da. "Efeitos da exposição gestacional, lactacional e juvenil às dietas com deficiência e suplementação de zinco e suscetibilidade a carcinogênese da mama em fêmeas Sprague-Dawley." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136242.
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Orientador: Luis Fernando BarbisanResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a ingestão de dietas com deficiência ou suplementação de zinco, durante as fases de gestação, lactação e juvenil, interfere no desenvolvimento das glândulas mamárias e na susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de carcinogênese mamária induzida pela 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antraceno (DMBA) em ratas da linhagem Sprague-Dawley (SD). Duas gerações, mães e prole de fêmeas receberam dietas com níveis adequados (35mg/Kg dieta), deficientes (3mg/Kg dieta) ou com suplementação (180mg/Kg dieta) de zinco durante a gestação e lactação. Após o desmame, as proles de fêmeas receberam as mesmas dietas das mães até o dia pós-natal (DPN) 51 ou 53. No DPN 51 fêmeas SD foram eutanasiadas para remoção das glândulas mamárias abdominais (D e E) ou receberam dose única de DMBA (50mg/kg; i.g.) para iniciação da carcinogênese e eutanasiadas no DPN 53 ou DPN 180. No dia DPN 53 as glândulas foram processadas para análises histológicas e imunoistoquímicas, e avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados a dano e reparo de DNA, apoptose, ciclo celular e sinalização de genes relacionados ao receptor de estrógeno e p53, por RT-qPCR com sistema Taqman Low density array (TLDA). Os tumores coletados ao longo do experimento e no DPN 180 foram processados para avaliação histológica. As fêmeas alimentadas com dieta deficiente de zinco apresentaram redução significativa no peso corpóreo nos DPNs 0, 10, 21 e 51. O número médio de brotos terminais (TEBs), ductos terminais (TEDs... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate whether dietary intake with zinc deficiency or supplementation during the pregnancy, lactation and juvenile stages interfere the development of mammary glands and susceptibility to the mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in female rats Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Two generations, dams and female offspring received dietary with zinc levels adequate (35 mg/kg diet), deficiency (3 mg/kg diet) or supplementation (180 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the females offspring received the same diets as their dams until post natal day (PND) 51 or 53. On PND 51, females SD were euthanized for removal of the mammary glands (right and left) or received a single dose of DMBA (50mg/kg, ig) for initiation of mammary carcinogenesis and euthanized on PND 53 or PND 180. On PND 53, mammary glands were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses, as well as evaluation of the expression of genes related to DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling related to estrogen receptor and p53 by RT-qPCR with Taqman Low density array system (TLDA). Tumors collected throughout experiment or on PND 180 were processed for histological evaluation. The females fed with dietary zinc deficiency presented a significant reduction in body weight on PND 0, 10, 21 e 51. The mean number of the terminal buds (TEBs), terminal ducts (TEDs) and alveolar lobe (ABLs) in mammary gland did not di... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Felippini, Ana Luiza de Carvalho. "Estudo de metais pesados comumente utilizados na reabilitação oral: efeitos do zinco no epitélio adamantino, epitélio juncional, gengiva inserida e ligamento periodontal do rato, durante a lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-12072011-162702/.
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Há evidência de elementos metálicos causarem toxicidade sistêmica e local. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar os efeitos do zinco no epitélio adamantino, epitélio juncional, gengiva inserida e ligamento periodontal do 1° molar superior do rato, durante a lactação. Para tal, foram utilizados ratos com 1 dia de vida pós-natal, cujas mães receberam 300 mg de cloreto de zinco (ZnCl2) por litro de água destilada no bebedouro (grupo tratado - T) e ratos cujas mães não receberam o ZnCl2 (grupo controle - C), durante toda a lactação. Ao final de 21dias, os filhotes foram sacrificados com sobredosagem anestésica. As cabeças foram separadas e fixadas em solução de alfac (álcool 80% - 85ml; formalina - 10ml e ácido acético - 5ml) incluídas em parafina e os cortes frontais seriados foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina. Os cortes foram focalizados ao microscópio de luz (100X), munido de uma câmara clara. Os núcleos das células dos tecidos estudados foram projetados sobre o papel com aumento final de 1000X e 50 núcleos de cada estrutura foram contornados com lápis preto para posterior medição do diâmetros maior (D) e menor (d). Uma vez determinados os diâmetros, foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros cariométricos: diâmetro geométrico médio, relação D/d, perímetro, área, volume, relação entre volume e área, excentricidade, coeficiente de forma e índice de contorno. Neste trabalho também foi utilizada uma grade impressa sobre papel. As imagens obtidas foram desenhadas sobre a grade. A grade pode ser usada tanto para contar pontos sobre uma determinada estrutura histológica bem como para contar intersecções entre duas estruturas contíguas, bastando para isso, no primeiro caso, considerar o número de pontos que caem sobre a estrutura em estudo, ou, no segundo caso, o número de vezes em que as superfícies vizinhas cortam a linha curva. Com a finalidade de se avaliar o volume citoplasmático, o volume celular, a relação núcleo/citoplasma, a densidade numérica celular, a relação superfície externa/camada basal, a espessura das camadas epiteliais e a densidade de superfície, foram utilizadas ora a contagem de pontos, ora o número de intersecções e aplicados às equações estereológicas apropriadas para cada uma dessas variáveis. Todos os dados colhidos foram submetidos à estatística não paramétrica Teste de Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney. Os núcleos dos tecidos estudados mostraram valores diminuídos, após cariometria, para os diâmetros maior, menor e médio; perímetro, área, volume e relação volume/área. Estereologicamente foi possível observar, no epitélio juncional, epitélio adamantino e no epitélio da gengiva inserida, células menos volumosas, levando a um maior número de células por mm3 de tecido. O ligamento periodontal também se apresentou desorganizado e com fibras de menor tamanho. Pode-se concluir que zinco trouxe alterações nos epitélios juncional e adamantino, gengiva inserida bem como no ligamento periodontal, após avaliações morfométricas e estereológicas.There is evidence that metal elements cause systemic and local toxicity. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate zinc effects on the adamantine epithelium, junctional epithelium, inserted gum and periodontal ligament of the superior first molar of rat, during lactation. To do this, 1- day old rats were used, whose mothers received 300 mg of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) per liter of distilled in the drinker (treated group T) and rats whose mothers did not receive ZnCl2 (control group C), during lactation. After 21 days, the rat pups were killed with an anesthetic overdose. The heads were separated and fixed in an alfac solution (80% alcohol - 85ml, formaline - 10ml, and acetic acid - 5ml), embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cuts were viewed under a light microscope (100X) with a clear chamber. The nucleus of the studied tissue cells were projected on paper with a final increase of 1000X and fifty nuclei from each structure were outlined with a black pencil so that the greater (D) and smaller (d) diameters could be measured. After determining the diameters, the following cariometric parameters were established: mean geometric diameter, D/d relation, perimeter, area, volume, volume/area relation, eccentricity, form coefficient, and contour index. This study also used a grid printed on paper. The images obtained were drawn over the grid, which was used to count points over a certain histological structure as well as to count intersections between two contiguous structures. All that was needed, in the first case, was to consider the number of points located over the studied structure, or, in the second case, the number of times that neighboring surfaces cut the curve line. With the aim to evaluate the cytoplasmic volume, cellular volume, cytoplasm/nucleus relation, cellular numeric density, external surface/basal layer relation, the thickness of epithelial layers, and surface density, point counting was used at times and, at others, the number of intersections was considered and applied to the appropriate stereological equations for each variable. All the collected data were subjected to non - parametric statistics Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney Test. The nuclei of the studied tissues showed reduced values after cariometry for: greater, smaller, and mean diameter; perimeter, area, volume and volume/area relation. Stereologically, it was observed, in the junctional epithelium, adamantine epithelium, and in the inserted gum epithelium, cells with less volume, which caused a greater number of cells per mm3 of tissue. The periodontal ligament was also disorganized and with smaller fibers. It was possible to conclude that zinc caused alterations in the adamantine epithelium, junctional epithelium, inserted gum and periodontal ligament, after morphometric and stereological evaluations.
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Dabbagh, Bazarbachi Husam. "Dietary polyphenols display zinc ionophore activity and modulate zinc signaling in hepatocarcinoma cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292248.
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El zinc és el metall de transició més abundant després del ferro a totes les cèl·lules, i un micronutrient essencial, presentant diverses funcions en sistemes biològics. D'altra banda, els polifenols de la dieta són micronutrients bioactius que mostren nombrosos beneficis per a la salut, com ara activitat antitumoral i neuroprotectora. Anteriors treballs del nostre grup d'investigació han demostrat que els polifenols interaccionen amb cations de zinc i tenen la capacitat de modular l'expressió de diferents gens implicats en l'homeòstasi d'aquest. En aquest treball van ser usats els flavonoides gal·lat d’Epigalocatequina i Quercetina com a models per polifenols hidrofílics i lipofílics respectivament, observant-se que, un cop combinats amb el zinc, presenten activitat ionófora per aquest metall en un sistema liposomal, similar a l'efecte del Clioquinol, fàrmac utilitzat en teràpies anti-càncer i anti-Alzheimer. A través d'aquest mecanisme, s'augmenten el pool de zinc làbil citoplasmàtic, intercanviable i de senyalització en el model de carcinoma hepatocel·lular Hepa 1-6. Per tant, els polifenols de la dieta es poden afegir a l'arsenal de fàrmacs que modulen l'homeòstasi del zinc i regulen les vies biològiques dependents d'aquest. Com a prova d'aquest principi, hem demostrat aquí, que en concentracions molt baixes, el gal·lat d’Epigalocatequina i la Quercetina quan es combinen amb el zinc, poden activar o inhibir la fosforilació d'Akt en cèl·lules Hepa 1-6. A més, vam demostrar que la Quercetina desencadena l’apoptosi en el carcinoma hepatocel·lular Hepa 1-6 de manera dependent de zinc.El zinc es el metal de transición más abundante después del hierro en todas las células, y un micronutriente esencial, presentando diversas funciones en sistemas biológicos. Por otra parte, los polifenoles de la dieta son micronutrientes bioactivos que muestran numerosos beneficios para la salud, tales como actividad antitumoral y neuroprotectora. Anteriores trabajos de nuestro grupo de investigación han demostrado que los polifenoles interaccionan con cationes de zinc y tienen la capacidad de modular la expresión de diferentes genes implicados en la homeostasis de éste. En este trabajo fueron usados los flavonoides galato de Epigalocatequina y Quercetina como modelos para polifenoles hidrofílicos y lipofílicos respectivamente, observándose que, una vez combinados con zinc, presentan actividad ionófora para este metal en un sistema liposomal, similar al efecto del Clioquinol, fármaco utilizado en terapias anti-cáncer y anti-Alzheimer. A través de este mecanismo, se aumentan el pool de zinc lábil citoplasmático, intercambiable y de señalización en el modelo de carcinoma hepatocelular Hepa 1-6. Por lo tanto, los polifenoles de la dieta se pueden añadir al arsenal de fármacos que modulan la homeostasis del zinc y regulan las vías biológicas dependientes de éste. Como prueba de este principio, hemos demostrado aquí, que en concentraciones muy bajas, el galato de Epigalocatequina y la Quercetina cuando se combinan con zinc, pueden activar o inhibir la fosforilación de Akt en células Hepa 1-6. Además, demostramos que la Quercetina desencadena apoptosis en el carcinoma hepatocelular Hepa 1-6 de manera dependiente de zinc.
Zinc is the most abundant transition metal after iron in all cells and an essential micronutrient, displaying many functions in biological systems. On the other hand, dietary polyphenols are bioactive micronutrients that display many health benefits, such as antitumor and neuroprotective activity. Previous work by our research group has shown that polyphenols interact with zinc cations and have the ability to modulate the expression of different genes involved in zinc homeostasis. In this work, using the flavonoids Epigallocatechin-gallate and Quercetin as a model for hydrophilic and lipophilic polyphenols respectively, we show that, once polyphenols are combined with zinc, they display a zinc ionophore activity in a liposomal system, similar to the anti-cancer and anti-Alzheimer drug Clioquinol. Through this mechanism, they increase the labile, interchangeable and signaling pool of cytoplasmic zinc in the hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 model. Thus, natural dietary polyphenols can be added to the arsenal of drugs that may be used to modulate zinc homeostasis and regulate zinc-dependent biological pathways. As a probe of this principle, we have shown here that at remarkably low concentrations, Epigallocatechin-gallate and Quercetin when combined with zinc, may activate or inhibit Akt-phosphorylation in Hepa 1-6 cells. In addition, we demonstrate that Quercetin triggers apoptosis in the hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa 1-6 cell line in a zinc-dependent way.
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Kayin, Pinar Burcu. "Removal Of Cobalt From Zinc Sulfate Solution By Cementation Prior To Zinc Electrowinning." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1096759/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of cobalt from zinc sulfate solution by cementation with the help of conventional and new type of additives that were 4% Sn-zinc alloy powder and 10% Sn-zinc alloy powder, respectively. Synthetic leach solutions containing 150 g/l Zn and 75 mg/l Co were prepared and used in all of the experiments. The parameters researched with the conventional method were the amount of arsenic trioxide and the effect of copper sulfate on cementation of cobalt. While using the alloys, the parameters studied were the amounts of arsenic trioxide, copper sulfate and tin containing zinc alloy powder additions, cementation duration and temperature. The difference in the optimization of alloy additions was in the amount of addition of arsenic trioxide. The amount of 4%Sn-zinc alloy powder was tried to be optimized with the addition of arsenic trioxide whereas the optimization was tried to be done without any arsenic addition while using 10%Sn-zinc alloy. The XRD and SEM studies of the cementates were also performed.
The obtained results indicated that tin containing alloys were much better than pure zinc. With the additions of 4 g/l 4%Sn-Zn alloy dust, 1.2 g/l CuSO4.5H2O, 0.12 g/l As2O3 and in 2 hours of cementation duration at 85-90oC, the maximum amount of cobalt cementation efficiency was achieved. The experiments indicated that cobalt in the solution could be reduced to about 2 mg/l by using 10%Sn-zinc alloy powder with an initial Sn/Co weight ratio of 13.25:1 without the addition of arsenic trioxide at 85oC in 2 hours of cementation duration.
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Diler, Erwan. "Étude de la corrosion atmosphérique du zinc et zinc-magnésium, en milieu marin." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725313.
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Cette étude a pour objet d'apporter des éléments de compréhension quant à l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion des alliages de ZnMg(Al), en comparaison du Zn, en milieu atmosphérique chloré. Le cheminement de réflexion part de considérations fondamentales et tend vers des conditions réelles d'utilisation. La première étape a consisté à synthétiser et caractériser des films de ZnO dopé Mg et notamment l'évolution de la structure cristalline, la structure électronique, la résistivité, (...) avec le dopage. La pertinence de ces paramètres a ensuite été évaluée et discutée au regard de la stabilité de ces films en solution. Dans un second temps, les produits de corrosion formés, en laboratoire, en présence ou non de chlorures, sur des phases pures de Zn et ZnMg, ont été caractérisés. Les processus physico-chimiques liés à la formation de ces produits ont ensuite été discutés, afin de mettre en lumière le rôle du Mg dans l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion. La dernière étape, s'est attachée à caractériser des produits de corrosion formés après 6 mois en milieu naturel, en atmosphère marine, sur des phases pures de Zn et ZnMg, et des revêtements industriel de type ZnMgAl. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence une meilleure stabilité en solution des films de Zn0.84Mg0.16O en comparaison du ZnO, en corrélation avec une présence accrue de liaisons hydroxyles, une augmentation de la résistivité et de la fonction de travail. Ces trois paramètres sont apparus également pertinents, sur les produits de corrosion formés en laboratoire et naturellement en présence de Mg et de Mg, Al, et corrélés à l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion.
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Stewart, Helen. "Studies into the growth and doping of zinc selenide and zinc cadmium selenide." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/734.
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Toff, Mohd Radzi Mohd. "A comparison of the corrosion behaviour of zinc and zinc-5% aluminium coatings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299628.
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Thomas, Louise. "The effect of zinc deprivation on protein energy and zinc metabolism in man." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245359.
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Dietary zinc deficiency was induced in four healthy male volunteers. The diet used was high in phytate (phytate:zinc molar ratio 381) and the depletion period was preceded by a 3 day starvation period. In the depletion period, there was a significant decrease in plasma zinc and urinary zinc excretion. The subjects also adapted to the low zinc intake by decreasing the faecal excretion of zinc. One subject (No.2) developed clinical signs of zinc deficiency and also had the lowest plasma zinc concentration at the end of the depletion stage. Whole body protein turnover was assessed by an 8hr primed constant infusion of Li-[1-13C]leucine. Zinc deficiency had an effect on whole body protein turnover in only one subject (No. 2). In this subject, there was a decrease in leucine oxidation (71%), protein synthesis (31%) and degradation (39%). In this group as a whole, zinc depletion was associated with a significant decrease in urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. Zinc deficiency appeared to have no effect on substrate utilization. With regard to zinc kinetics, zinc deficiency was associated with a significant decrease in the size of the plasma zinc pool and a liver pool. There was also a decrease in the flux between these two zinc pools, and an increase in the fractional decay of zinc from the plasma pool to the liver pool. Two further studies were carried out. In 4 volunteers the effect of a 3 day starvation period on whole body protein turnover and zinc kinetics was investigated. There was a significant increase in leucine oxidation and in the size of a liver zinc pool. In 6 volunteers, the effect of phytate on zinc kinetics was investigated. The addition of phytate to the test meal, (phytate:zinc molar ratio 88) was associated with a decrease in the size of a liver zinc pool.
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Lawson, Rebecca Sian. "The pancreatic β-cell zinc response to chronic stimulation and extracellular zinc depletion." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2019. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-pancreatic-cell-zinc-response-to-chronic-stimulation-and-extracellular-zinc-depletion(a9d896b2-db1c-4331-9943-8454c65e8b48).html.
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Zinc is integral for β-cell function in glycaemic control. Intracellular zinc concentrations are regulated by buffering and membrane transportation mediated by the ZIP (14 paralogues; SLC39A) and ZnT (10 paralogues; SLC30A) families of transporters, which flux zinc into and out of the cytosol, respectively. The predominantly β-cell-specific paralogue ZnT8 (SLC30A8) uptakes zinc into granules, where it is essential for normal insulin maturation and exocytosis. Deregulation of zinc and its transporters is associated with β-cell dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes development: the non-synonymous polymorphism rs13266684 in SLC30A8 confers differential zinc transporting efficiencies and is linked to disease risk, and many type 2 diabetic patients and animal models of diabetes present with hypozincaemia. We hypothesised that ZIP transporters are coordinated with ZnT8 to mediate β-cell zinc content, phenotype and function in response to the hyperglycaemia and hypozincaemia present in Type 2 Diabetes. We used a systematic approach to identify Slc39a1 in rodent, and SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A9, SLC39A13 and SLC39A14 in human and rodent as potentially biologically important for β-cell phenotype and function. We showed that both prolonged stimulation and extracellular zinc depletion, representative of hyperglycaemia and hypozincaemia in vivo, respectively, lower the zinc content of MIN6 β-cells and disrupt expression of multiple Slc39a paralogues and zinc-responsive markers for β-cell identity. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZIP6 and ZnT8 are involved in maintaining β-cell zinc content, survival and identity in response to zinc depletion, and identified potential co-regulation of ZnT8, ZIP6 and ZIP9 by the major β-cell transcription factor PDX-1. Critically, these data show that ZIP6 and ZnT8 are involved in maintaining β-cell zinc homeostasis and that stresses present in Type 2 Diabetes induce loss of β-cell zinc, which may alter cellular phenotype and reduce survival.
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Sukhavasi, Sowmya. "“Zinc Chip” Reader for Point-Of-Care Quantification of Zinc in Blood Serum." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1305896739.
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Sitoka, Stefanus. "Exploration status for oxide and sulphide zinc ores at Skorpion Zinc Mine, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018204.
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The thesis is inspired by recent interests in oxide zinc ores caused by new developments in the technology of hydrometallurgy. The improved techniques turned the non-sulphide zinc ores in to attractive exploration targets due to a number of advantages such as low metal recovery costs and favorable environmental aspects such as the obvious absence of sulfur (Large, 2001). Historically extraction of zinc metal from oxide ores was not possible until recently. The metallurgical complexity resulted in a lack of interest and hence some economic oxide zinc ores might have been missed by conventional exploration techniques. The study presents a review of exploration status at Skorpion mine based on different exploration techniques and their application to sulphide and oxide zinc ore exploration. The challenge facing the mineral exploration industry today is the inability to detect mineral deposits under cover. Therefore a key to successful exploration program lies in the selection of the right exploration technique. Important parameters that should be highlighted in the exploration methodology are the geological situation of an area, equipment applicability and effectiveness, survey limitation, equipment mobilization and the safety aspects involved. The aim of this thesis is to provide a general guideline for sulphide and non-sulphide zinc ore exploration on the Skorpion area and other similar geological environments. Geochemical surveys appears to be more complimentary in exploration of non-sulphide zinc exploration. Although geochemical techniques are preferred, it is equally important to choose the right soil horizon. Furthermore, sample media may mean the difference between success and failure in geochemical exploration of non-sulphide zinc mineralization, due to high mobility of zinc in the surficial environment. On cost comparison, surface geochemical surveys programs are more cost effective except for litho-geochemical sampling which are commonly carried out through subsurface drilling. Geophysical techniques have limited application in exploration of non-sulphide zinc mineralization due to a lack of major physical properties (e.g., magnetic and electrical properties) in non-sulphides unlike their sulphide counterparts. However geophysical methods are commendable in delineating massive and disseminated sulphides mainly if they are associated with major Fe minerals (pyrrhotite or magnetite). In addition, geophysical techniques may be effective in mapping of subsurface primary and secondary structures such as basin faults which might have acted as pathways for metal-rich fluids. Terms non-sulphide and oxide zinc mineralization are used interchangeably throughout the thesis. Recommendations on regional and local target generation are presented in the thesis to give some basic guide lines on target generation strategies. The most important conclusion reached in this study is that, success in exploration for non-sulphide or sulphide zinc mineralization might be enhanced through the integrated exploration methodology.
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Nakano, Jinichiro PURDY G. R. "A computational thermodynamic study of the systems zinc-iron and zinc-iron-aluminum." *McMaster only, 2006.
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Erdoğdu, Cem Aykut Balköse Devrim. "The development of synergistic heat stabilizers for PVC from Zinc Borate-Zinc Phosphate/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000509.pdf.
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Qin, Yan. "Studies of Zinc Transport and Its Contribution to Zinc Homeostasis in Cultured Cortical Neurons." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339515.
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