Dissertations / Theses: 'Zinc content'

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Evens, Nicholas Philip. "The regulatory mechanisms controlling zinc content in wheat." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/407446/.

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Cereals such as wheat serve as staples for a large proportion of the world’s population. However, they contain relatively low concentrations of essential micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) in their edible tissues. This is a major issue for human nutrition and food security. The process of Zn uptake and partitioning in plants is highly controlled, with systems present for sensing and responding to Zn status. In the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, two transcription factors, bZIP19 and bZIP23, are thought to act as Zn sensors mediating the increased expression of Zn membrane transporters, ZIPs (Zrt/Irt-like proteins), in response to low Zn status. In this thesis the identification and characterisation of homologous bZIP transcription factors and ZIP transporters in wheat are described. TabZIP sequence analysis confirmed the presence of motifs characteristic to the F-group of bZIP transcription factors. Expression of these wheat bZIPs in an Atbzip19 bzip23 line showed a conservation of function between the Arabidopsis and wheat group F bZIPs. A key question is whether the wheat bZIP transcription factors and ZIP transporters are regulated by Zn. Gene-expression analysis indicated that the wheat transcription factors TabZIP1, 3a, 3b, 4 & 5, and the wheat ZIP transporters, TaZIP1, 4, 5, 6 & 7 are induced by Zn-deficient conditions. The Zn-transport capability of TaZIP1, 5, 6, 7 & 8 was confirmed using heterologous yeast expression. Additionally, the binding ability of TabZIPs to regulatory-elements in the promoters of TaZIPs was demonstrated. This links TabZIPs and TaZIPs in the Zn-regulatory mechanism of wheat. This research has identified key genes involved in the regulation, uptake and distribution of Zn in wheat. The molecular mechanisms elucidated will be important in the development of Zn biofortified wheat varieties as well as cultivars which maintain high yield in Zn-deficient conditions. These may prove vital in achieving global food security.

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PULS, ROBERT WILLIAM. "ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS ON SOIL CLAYS (KAOLINITE, CADMIUM, MONTMORILLONITE, ZINC)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183889.

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Metal cation adsorption is the predominant chemical mechanism governing the attenuation of toxic metal movement in soils. Clay minerals are the primary adsorbent surfaces in soils due to their ubiquitous nature and large reactive surface area. This study examined the relative affinity of the metals cadmium, nickel and zinc for the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite. The influence which different mineral adsorbents and different complexing ligands in solution have on the adsorption of metal ions was assessed using the Hard-Soft Acid-Base Principle as a theoretical framework for predicting the maximum extent of adsorption and rate of adsorption. The HSAB principle is that hard bases prefer to complex hard acids and soft bases prefer to complex soft acids. The hypothesis that initiated these investigations was that the hard-soft character of mineral surfaces is due to their surface functional groups and can be measured using metal cation adsorption selectivity experiments where pH and complex ion formation are controlled. When complex ion formation in aqueous solution was minimized (i.e. in Ca(ClO₄)₂), adsorption decreased in the order of decreasing softness, CD > Zn > Ni for both clay minerals. Montmorillonite behaved as a slightly harder Lewis base than kaolinite, sorbing the harder Ni and Zn ions to a greater extent than Cd, although both minerals behaved as soft Lewis bases. In the presence of chloride and sulfate ligands, adsorption sequences changed and reflected results from typical soil solution studies. In some cases the adsorption sequences can be explained using the HSAB principle together with computer speciation data and this approach merits further consideration and research. Adsorption over time and calculated adsorption rate constants were generally consistent with equilibrium selectivity data. Adsorption rates decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Ni in Ca(ClO₄)₂ for both clay minerals. The adsorption curves reflect a two-step adsorption process involving a rapid exchange-type reaction followed by a much slower adsorption involving diffusion into the crystal or alteration of the surface through the formation of a new solid phase involving the adsorbed ions.

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Neilsen, Denise. "Characterization and plant availability of zinc in British Columbia orchard soils." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72835.

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Marsh, Sally. "Impact of traffic pollution on the nitrogen metabolism and zinc content of roadside vegetation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445685/.

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The impact of traffic pollution on the nitrogen metabolism and zinc content of roadside vegetation was investigated by measuring a range of physiological responses and surface Zn in trees. Dry deposition in the form of NOx ranged from 14.8 to 40.7 Kg N ha yr"1 within the woodland. The amount of deposition was spatially related to the distance from the motorway that runs adjacent to the woodland. Maximum NOx deposition was found next to the motorway in the rural downwind environment At mis site trees exhibited significantly higher growth rates as assessed by yearly shoot extension as well as exhibiting more positive foliar 815N signatures compared to trees at a control site 600m away. These two results are taken as an indication that atmospheric NOx produced by motorway traffic is contributing to the nutrition and growth of roadside trees. In vivo activity of the N assimilatory enzyme, NR was assayed in the foliage of S. nigra, C. monogyna, B. pendula and Quercus spp. growing at the woodland. Elevated NR activity close to the road was only demonstrated for one species, S. nigra suggesting the assimilation of traffic-derived NOx following foliar uptake. High NR activities in this species may mean mat leaves act as NOx sinks, effectively 'mopping up' NOx from the atmosphere. In general, proximity to the traffic appeared to have few effects of the motorway on tissue metabolite pools. Total N and tissue NO3" were not affected by proximity to the motorway. Similarly, no significant differences were found for total P concentrations. It is suggested that at this lowland deciduous woodland, soil nutrients are non-limiting and thus allow growth to occur in response to inputs from traffic-derived N. It is proposed that this increase in biomass has the effect of diluting elements or metabolites such as total N and NO3" so that they remain at a constant level. It is recommended that at similar sites, rather than using metabolites as biomarkers, foliar 8,5N signatures in combination with simple growth measurements are used as to demonstrate traffic effects. Whereas results indicated that tissue Zn was unaffected by proximity to the road, surface Zn was found to accumulate during dry weather, only to be washed off during rainfall events. Amounts of surface Zn were examined on a 5 tree species growing in central London, namely S. nigra, C. monogyna, F. excelsior, A. hippocastanum and P.acerifolia. Surface Zn was highest on the leaves of C. monogyna which contained 13.8 mg Zn m"2 on its leaves. Scanning electron microscopy was able to show that species differences may be related to epicuticular wax characteristics. Results are discussed in relation to the potential use of trees for ameliorating atmospheric NOx and particulate pollution levels.

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Henshel, Judy 1958. "Copper, manganese, and zinc in Puerco River sediments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276725.

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A study was conducted to test for the presence of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, and Zn) in surface sediments of the Puerco River channel in the aftermath of a toxic spill in 1979 near Church Rock, New Mexico. Analysis of samples from five sites downstream from the spill showed that these substances were not present in unusually large amounts, though an increasing gradient of metal concentration with distance downstream was revealed. Statistical analysis revealed the Cu, Mn, and Zn were associated with clay and silt, soil organic matter, organic carbon, and carbonates, all of which existed as extraneous, uncontrolled variables. Adjusted metal concentrations, obtained with covariate analyses, confirmed the increasing gradient downstream. Clay and silt also increased downstream. Some toxic substances may have leached into the riverbed; possible mechanisms for this process are also discussed and further study to substantiate or disprove this hypothesis is recommended.

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Wijesundara, Chandra. "Response of corn to high levels of CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45959.

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High levels of Cu and Zn application to agricultural soils are considered to pose a potential hazard to plants and animals. The levels of Cu and Zn which can be safely added to cropland have yet to be established. This study was conducted on a Davidson silty clay (Rhodic Paleudult) to determine the response of corn (Zea mays L.) to cumulative application of up to 469 kg Cu and 1032 kg Zn ha⁻¹ as sulfates over the 22-year period from 1967 through 1988. Neither corn grain nor silage yield was affected by the metal additions even though the cumulative amount of Cu and Zn added exceeded the maximum allowable Cu and Zn loading rates based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines (i.e., 250 kg Cu and 560 kg Zn ha⁻¹) for this soil. The twenty-first annual application of Cu as CuSO₄, increased Cu concentrations in ear leaves. However, Cu concentrations in ear leaves were unaffected by the twenty-second year of Cu application. Concentrations of Zn in ear leaves were increased by the high level of Zn application during the two years of the study. Twenty-first year Cu and Zn concentrations in com grain were not increased by the high levels of Cu and Zn sulfates. All grain and ear leaf Cu and Zn concentrations were within the normal ranges from the high amount of metal application. The DTPA extractable Cu and Zn in the soil increased with an increase in level of applied Cu and Zn. More Cu and Zn were extracted from the soil by the Mehlich-3 method than by the DTPA method. This higher rate of extraction was attributed to the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the Mehlich-3 solution.
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Pietrzak, Kornel. "Fabrication and studies of porous coatings containing calcium, magnesium and zinc on a titanium substrate for mechanical engineering applications : PhD thesis summary : [synopsis]." Rozprawa doktorska, [s.n.], 2021. http://dlibra.tu.koszalin.pl/Content/1316.

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Ramesh, Sunita. "Molecular mechanism of zinc uptake and regulation in cereals." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr1724.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 174-204. "This work provides a starting point for understanding the molecular mechanisms of zinc uptake and the regulation of zinc transport in cereals. Zinc efficient cereals would yield more on soild with low zinc and could potentially result in increased zinc content grain."

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Mfeka, Nonkululeko. "Morphology and mineral content of cowpea lines in response to planting date and zinc application rate." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2672.

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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important grain and fodder legume grown around the world. It is a dual purpose grain legume crop, providing food for man and livestock. Cowpea is identified as a potential crop to diversify food production, minimize production input by improving soil fertility and improve micronutrients of seed, therefore, improving human nutrition. There is limited information available on cowpea production and suitable agronomic practices including planting date to best suit different environmental conditions in South Africa. The objective of this study was therefore to i) evaluate two soil types (sandy and clay soil) and its effect on cowpea, yield components and mineral composition, ii) the effect of different planting date and iii) assess the effect of zinc fertilizer application rate on vegetative, reproductive parameters and mineral content of cowpea seed. A field trial was conducted in Agricultural Research Council (ARC), in two locations Nietvoorbij (clay loam soil) and Bien Donne’ (sandy soil) during the 2015 summer planting season. The trial layout was conducted in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates. The factors of the study include three cowpea lines: Cowpea Veg1, M217 and Qukawa with zinc application rate of (0, 15 and 30 kg/ha) through soil application and two planting date (2 October and 2 November 2015). The following agronomic variables were collected, in both locations: germination rate, number of leaves, number of branches, plant height, number of seed per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length, pods per treatment, pod weight, 100 seed weight, morphological traits, moisture content and seed mineral content. Vegetative data was collected on a fourth-night basis on six middle plants per treatment and reproductive parameters were taken after harvest. The variables were subjected to ANOVA using software SAS (2012). Treatments were tested at 5% level of significance and differences between treatments were separated using LSD and DMRT of the SAS 2012 test. The results indicated that vegetative and reproductive parameters measured varied significantly among cowpea lines in each location and across locations due to different cowpea lines and soil type. Line Cowpea Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing line in both vegetative and yield parameters across the two planting dates in 2015. These lines significantly obtained higher plant height than line M217. Yield and yield parameters were significantly affected by cowpea line. Qukawa obtained the highest seed yield at Bien Donne’ with a mean of 1184.2 kg/ha and seed yield of 686.25 kg/ha for Cowpea Veg1 at Nietvoorbij. The second planting date (2 November 2015) improved germination of plants across the two locations, therefore improving vegetative growth. Zinc (Zn) fertilizer significantly improved plant height across all treatments. An inconsistent response to yield parameters due to Zn application rate was observed. However, though not significant, Zn application of 15 kg/ha increased most of the measured parameters. It was concluded that line Cowpea Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing lines. The second planting date (2 November) increase germination rate for both locations. It is therefore, recommended that future research should evaluate Zn fertilizer time of application.

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Tadayyon, Ali, Sedigheh Beheshti, and Mohammad Pessarakli. "Effects of sprayed humic acid, iron, and zinc on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of niger plant ( Guizotia abyssinica L.)." Taylor & Francis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626135.

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In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of organic fertilizer and micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Niger plant, a field experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications at Shahrekord University Research Farm during the years 2013-2014. Treatments included three levels of humic acid (1, 3, and 6 liters of humic acid per hectare), iron (4 parts per million, ppm), zinc (4 parts per million, ppm) and control (without humic acid iron, and zinc). In this experiment, traits of the number of heads per plant, seeds number per head, 1000 seeds' weight, grain yield, and also oil and protein content were evaluated. The findings showed that foliar application of humic acid, zinc and iron resulted in a significant increase in all analyzed traits. The most significant plant response was obtained with the use of 6 liters humic acid per hectare, and the second most significant plant response was seen with the sprayed zinc treatment which was probably due to limited absorption and deficiency of these elements in the tested soil.

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Gettier, Stacy W. "Corn response to long-term application of CuSO₄, ZnSO₄ and Cu-enriched pig manure." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49779.

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Thyrén, Linnea. "Plant-based meat substitutes and their nutritional composition : A study on iron content, zinc content, calcium content and protein quality in meatballs and plant-based substitutes and how they contribute to the goal of reaching recommended daily intakes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96761.

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The purpose of this thesis was to study similarities and differences between a meat product and its plant-based substitutes in terms of how they enable people to reach the recommended daily intakes (RDI). The meat product included in the study were meatballs and its substitutes were three different plant-based alternatives. One was mainly based on soy, one on pea protein and one consisted of several different vegetables. The parameters studied were iron, zinc and calcium content as well as protein quality. By analyzing the four different products with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), the mineral content was calculated and protein quality was determined using amino acid analyzis carried out by the laboratory analysis company ALS. The method used to determine protein quality was DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score). Example meals and example days were created to visualize any differences and similarities when the products were put in a wider perspective. The results showed that there were differences between the products when they were compared individually, but that the differences were negligible when the products were included in an example meal or example day. This indicates that the products fulfill comparable dietary requirements and that the plant-based products were good substitutes for the meat product. The soy-based product was the best plant-based alternative when it comes to iron content, calcium content and protein quality. However, the soy product and the remaining substitutes reached recommended intakes for the same parameters when included in example days, which shows that the differences between the products are only present when analyzed individually.

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Singbo, Arnaud. "The effect of zinc and soil ph on grain yield and nutrient concentrations in spring wheat cultivated on potted soil." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2845.

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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Zinc deficiency on various soil types have been reported in arable soils of sub Saharan Africa (SSA) including South Africa. A pot trial was conducted at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington campus to investigate the interaction of different application rates of Zn at various soil pH on the grain yield and quality of spring wheat in a completely randomized factorial design replicated three times. The four soil pH tested were: pHA: 5.1, pHB: 5.6, pHC: 6.1, pHD: 6.6 which correspond to lime application at 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 t/ha. Five Zn rates (Zn1: 3.5; Zn2: 4.5; Zn3: 5.5 Zn4: 6.5, and Zn5: 7.5 mg /kg soil which correspond to Zn1: 7; Zn2: 9; Zn3: 11; Zn4: 13 and Zn5: 15 kg /ha) were applied at two (planting and flowering) growth stages. Yield and yield component data collected were analyzed using SAS version 9.2 and means were separated by Duncun’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by lime application pHC (6.1): 1t/ha at planting. Zn application at planting had no significant effect on the grain yield and yield components. However, at flowering, the simultaneous increase of Zn along with increase in lime positively affected grain yield and yield components. Plant analysis showed that at both stages (planting and flowering), Zn application, especially at pH 6.6, significantly increased P, K, Ca, Na, Mg Fe, Cu and B concentrations in wheat grain, but the concentrations of N, Mn, Zn and protein remained unaffected. Zn application had no effect on most nutrients due to the presence of lime. While the absence of lime, Zn4: 6.5mg/kg (corresponding to 13kg/ha) significantly increased the nutrients. In addition, Zn3: 5.5mg/kg (corresponding to 11kg/ha) promoted Zn absorption by grain in all treatments.

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Owojori, Olugbenga J. (Olugbenga John). "Influence of clay content and salinity on the bioavailability and toxicity of metals (copper and zinc) to soil organisms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1484.

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Thesis (PhD (Botany and Zoology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Metal pollution is a problem of increasing global concern. It could arise from industrial activities, as well as pesticide use in agriculture, among other sources. For adequate protection of the soil ecosystem from metal toxicity, the bioavailability of metals must be properly evaluated. A plethora of soil factors affect the bioavailability of metals to soil organisms. These include pH, clay and organic matter contents, salinity among others. While much is known about the influence of some of these parameters, little is known on how clay content and salinity modify the bioavailability of metals to soil organisms. This study investigated the influence of clay content and salinity on partitioning, uptake and toxicity of two essential metals (Cu and Zn) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in separate laboratory trials. Partitioning of the metals was evaluated with 0.01 M CaCl2, DTPA (di-ethylene-triamine-penta acetic acid), and nitric acid extractions. The metal content of worms was determined by acid digestion, while growth, cocoon production, and mortality were used as endpoints showing toxicity to metals and/or salinity. To test the validity of some of the laboratory results, a field study was undertaken, using the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Further, the study assessed the effect of salinity, using a battery of laboratory tests (acute, chronic and avoidance tests) with natural and/or artificial soils on four species of organisms (a collembolan Folsomia candida, a potworm Enchytraeus doerjesi and two earthworm species E. fetida and A. caliginosa), representing different feeding patterns and ecological roles in soil. Results showed that with increased clay content, there was increased availability of Cu in the substrate, and increased toxicity to E. fetida as shown by data for mortality and growth. The situation with Zn was less significant at sub-lethal concentrations but much so at lethal concentrations. DTPA and CaCl2 extracted metals revealed changes in partitioning of Cu and Zn with changes in clay content, but this trend was not always consistent. Both DTPA and CaCl2 revealed increased availability of Zn in substrates with increased salinity. Salinity had an additive to synergistic effect with Zn in toxicity to E. fetida. When combined with Cu, salinity also increased the availability of Cu as shown by CaCl2 extracted fraction, and had additive effect on toxicity of Cu to the earthworm. The field study did not succeed in in iv confirming the results of the laboratory study due to confounding role of flooding after heavy rainfall and subsequent leaching of salts and Cu. The results of the experiment on acute and chronic toxicity tests for NaCl on E. fetida showed LC50 of 5436 mg/kg NaCl and EC50 for growth and cocoon production of 4985 and 2020 mg/kg NaCl. These values showed that earthworms might be negatively affected in many soils containing fairly moderate concentrations of salts. Similarly, A. caliginosa could not survive in natural soil containing relatively low salt concentrations (EC = 1.62 dS/m) while reproduction was severely affected at lower EC value of 0.52 dS/m. F. candida and E. doerjesi could survive in the highest salinity soil (EC = 1.62 dS/m) used in this study but their reproduction was severely affected from 1.03 dS/m. Overall, it appears that of all the taxa used, earthworm species were the most sensitive to saline stress and could proof useful in determining ‘safe levels’ of salt in contaminated soils. The results of the avoidance test showed that A. caliginosa avoided both natural and artificial saline soil containing concentrations lower than those avoided by E. fetida. The conclusion is that the influence of clay content and salinity on the bioavailability of Cu and Zn depends largely on the metal in question, but generally speaking, bioavailability and toxicity of the metals were reduced with increased clay content while the opposite was true for salinity. If the species used in this study can be seen as fairly representative of a wide range of soil organisms, the conclusion is that salinisation of soil will be detrimental to most soil organisms at relatively low saline concentrations. Given the role of beneficial soil organisms in several soil processes which in turn contribute to soil fertility and sustainable use of land, it is recommended that any farming practices that may lead to an increase in salt content of agricultural soils should be discouraged.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Metaalbesoedeling is ‘n probleem wat toenemende globale kommer veroorsaak. Dit kan ontstaan as gevolg van industriële aktiwiteite sowel as van plaagmiddelgebruik in die landbou en ander bronne.Ten einde die grondekostelsel genoegsaam te beskerm, moet die biobeskikbaarheid van metale ge-evalueer word. ‘n Verskeidenheid van grondfaktore be-invloed die biobeskikbaarheid van metale vir grondorganismes Hulle sluit onder andere in pH, klei, organiese inhoud en soutgehalte. Hoewel heelwat bekend is oor die rol van sommige van hierdie parameters, is min bekend oor hoe klei en soutgehalte die biobeskikbaarheid van metale vir grondorganismes kan modifieer. Hierdie studie het die invloed van kleiinhoud and soutgehalte op die verdeling/partisie, opname en toksisiteit van twee essensiële metale (Cu en Zn) vir die erdwurm Eisenia fetida in afsonderlike laboratoriumproewe ondersoek. Kompartementele verdeling van die metale is geevalueer deur middel van ekstraksie-metodes met 0.01 M CaCl2, DTPA (di-etileentriamien- penta asysnsuur), en salpertersuur ekstraksies. Die metaalinhoud van wurms is bepaal deur suurverterings en spektrofotometriese analises te doen terwyl groei, kokonproduksie en mortaliteit van organismes gebruik is as gevoeligheidseindpunte om toksisiteit van metale en soutgehalte aan te toon. Om die geldigheid van somige van die laboratoriumresultate te toets, is ‘n veldstudie ook onderneem met die erdwurm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Die effek van soutgehalte is verder ondersoek deur ‘n battery van laboratoriumtoetse met vier spesies (‘n kollembool Folsomia candida,’n potwurm Enchytraeus doerjesi en twee erdwurmspesies E. fetida en A. caliginosa), wat verskillende voedingspatrone verteenwoordig. Die resultate het getoon dat met toenmende klei-inhoud was daar ‘n toename in die beskikbaarheid van Cu vir opname vanuit die substraat, asook ‘n toename in toksisiteit vir E. fetida soos deur die gegewens vir mortaliteit en groei uitgewys. Die situasie met Zn was minder betekenisvol by subletale konsentrasies en selfs baie minder so by letale konsentrasies. DTPA en CaCl2 ge-ekstraheerde metale het veranderinge in die partisie/verdeling van Cu en Zn uitgewys met verandering in klei-inhoud, maar die tendens was nie altyd konstant nie. Beide DTPA en CaCl2 ekstraksie het toenemende beskikbaarheid van Zn in substrate uitgewys met toenemende soutinhoud. Soutinhoud het ‘n additiewe/toegevoegde tot sinergistiese vi toksisiteitseffek saam met Zn vir E. fetida. In kombinasie met Cu het soutgehalte ook die geskatte biobeskikbaarheid van Cu verhoog soos uitgewys deur die CaCl2, geekstraheerde fraksie, en het ‘n additiewe effek gehad op die toksisitiet van Cu vir die erdwurm. Die veldstudie kon nie die resultate van die laboratoriumstudie bevestig nie weens die belemmerende rol van vloede na swaar reënneerslae en daaropvolgende uitloging van soute en Cu. Die resultate van die eksperimentele ondersoek na die akute en chroniese effekte van NaCl op E. fetida het ‘n LC50 van 5436 mg/kg NaCl en EC50 vir groei en kokonproduksie van 4985 en 2020 mg/kg NaCl opgelewer. Hierdie waardes het aangetoon dat erdwurms moontlik negatief beinvloed kan word in baie gronde wat ‘n redelike gemiddelde konsentrasie van soute bevat. Soortgelyk kon A. caliginosa nie oorleef in natuurllike grond wat relatief lae soutkonsentrasies bevat het (EC=1.62 dS/m) nie terwyl voortplanting sterk ge-affekteer is by ‘n lae EC waarde van 0.52 dS/m. F. candida en E. doerjesi kon oorleef in die grond met die hoogste soutgehalte (EC= 1.62 dS/m) maar hulle voortplanting is ernstig geknou vanaf 1.03 dS/m. In geheel blyk dit dat van allle taksa wat gebruik is, erdwurms die sensitiefste was vir die stres wat deur soutgehalte veroorsaak is. Die kennis kan nuttig wees in die bepaling van “veilige vlakke” van sout in gekontamineerde gronde. Die resultate van die vermydingstoetse het getoon dat A. caliginosa beide natuurlike en kunsmatig versoute gronde vermy het by konsentrasies wat heelwat laer was as dié wat deur E. fetida vermy is Die gevolgtrekking is dat die invloed van klei en soutgehalte op die biobeskikbaarheid van Cu en Zn grootliks afhanklik is van die metale wat betrokke is en dat biobeskikbaarheid en toksisiteit normaalweg verminder het met verhoogde klei-inhoud, met die teenoorgestelde wat waar was in die geval van soutgehalte. Indien die spesies wat in die studie gebruik is beskou kan word as redelik verteenwoordigend van ‘n wye reeks van grondorganismes, is die gevolgtrekking dat versouting van gronde nadelig sal wees vir meeste grondorganismes, selfs by relatief lae soutkonsentrasies. In die lig van die rol wat nuttige grondorganismes speel in verskeie grondprosesse wat bydraend is tot grondvrugbaarheid en volhoubare gebruik van gronde, word dit aanbeveel dat enige boerderypraktyk wat mag lei tot verhoging van die soutinhoud van landbougronde ontmoedig moet word.

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Bush, Peter G. "Maternal cigarette smoking and placental function : morphology, oxygen diffusive capacity, amino acid and zinc transport, and trace element content." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU106462.

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to result in an increased incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation. This in part may be due to deleterious effects on the placenta, which is the conduit between the mother and fetus. This study was designed to investigate the effect of maternal smoking on placental function: morphometry, oxygen diffusive capacity, trace element content (zinc and cadmium), microvillous border membrane (MVBM) vesicle zinc and alanine uptake, and placental enzyme activity. The magnitude of maternal smoking and confounding factors were determined twice by questionnaire during pregnancy and confirmed by plasma cotinine; a total of 105 placentae were collected. Morphological changes in membrane thickness, and chrionic villi composition were observed with maternal smoking, however these changes were not great enough to affect the placental oxygen diffusive conductance. Placental cadmium content increased with maternal smoking and also correlated with placental zinc content. There was no correlation for cadmium or zinc with placental metallothionein. MVBM vesicle uptake of zinc exhibited no differences between smoking and non-smoking groups. Similarly, MVBM vesicle sodium-independent alanine uptake exhibited no difference, however sodium-dependent alanine uptake was greater in the smoking group. Placental cytochrome P450 ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was greater in the smoking group placentae compared to the non-smoking group, however quinone reductase activity was unaffected by maternal smoking. The overall findings of this study extend knowledge regarding the impact of maternal smoking on placental function and support current clinical advice for pregnant mothers to stop smoking during pregnancy.

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Wheal, Matthew Simon. "The influence of chlorsulfuron on the uptake and utilization of zinc by wheat /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw556.pdf.

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17

Sadeghzadeh, Behzad. "Mapping of chromosome regions associated with seed zinc accumulation in barley." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0204.

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[Truncated abstract] Zinc deficiency in crops is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency, with about 50% of the cereal-growing areas worldwide containing low levels of plant-available Zn. Zinc plays multiple key roles in different metabolic and physiological processes; its deficiency in crops reduces not only grain yield, but also the nutritional quality of grains. Insufficient micronutrient intake, particularly Zn and Fe, afflicts over 3 billion people in the world, mainly in developing countries. Increasing the amount of Zn in food crops can contribute to improving the Zn status of people. Furthermore, Zn-dense seeds have agronomic benefits, resulting in greater seedling vigour, bigger root system and higher crop yield when sowed to soils with low plant-available Zn. Enhancing nutrient content and nutritional quality of crops for human nutrition is a global challenge currently, but it was mostly ignored during the breeding process in the past. There is a significant genotypic variation for seed Zn accumulation in several crops (including barley) which could be exploited in the breeding programs to produce genotypes with higher seed Zn concentration and content. However, the progress in Zn efficiency until now has mainly relied on conventional plant breeding approaches that have had limited success. Therefore, reliable alternative methods are required. Enhancing mineral nutrition through plant biotechnology may be a sustainable and beneficial approach in developing Zn-dense seeds in the staple crops. ... This DNA band was sequenced and converted into a simple sequence-specific PCR-based marker, which was designated as SZnR1 (seed Zn-regulator1). The developed marker is very easy to score, is inexpensive to run and amenable for a large number of plant samples. The successful development of SZnR1 molecular marker linked to chromosome region associated with seed Zn concentration and content using MFLP in this study illustrates the advantage of this technique over some other DNA fingerprinting methods used for identification of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). In conclusion, the greater Zn efficiency of Sahara over Clipper under sufficient Zn supply may be attributed to its higher uptake of Zn. It appears that soil-based pot experiments under controlled condition may offer potential improvements over field experiments in screening for seed Zn accumulation. Shoot and seed Zn concentration and content can be used to diagnose the Zn statues of barley genotypes, and may be a useful selection criterion for Zn efficiency in large populations like doubled-haploid populations aimed at developing molecular markers for Zn efficiency. Identified QTLs influencing seed Zn concentration were repeatable in the field and glasshouse conditions, suggesting their robustness across environments as well as their value in marker-assisted selection. The developed PCR-based marker SZnR1 and other molecular markers associated with the QTLs on the short and long arms of chromosome 2H have the potential to be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding for Zn-dense seed in barley.

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18

Asente, Rebecca Ann. "The effect of non-weight-bearing exercise and protein intake during pregnancy on maternal and fetal zinc content in the Sprague-Dawley rat." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90906.

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To study the effect of exercise and protein intake during pregnancy on maternal and fetal zinc status in the rat, one hundred and seventy-nine pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; sedentary-standard protein diet, sedentary-high protein diet, exercising-standard protein diet and exercising-high protein diet. The standard protein diet contained 7.22% protein, while the high protein diet contained 24.77% protein; all other nutrients were supplied in amounts required for normal parturition of the laboratory rat. After acclimatization, the exercising dams, regardless of diet, were made to swim continuously for one and one-half hours/day until sacrifice. The four major groups were further subdivided into 28 groups, designated by three-day intervals according to gestational day--days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Uterine tissues were retained for zinc content analysis; fetal and placental tissues were separated from uterine tissue for days 15 through 21 only. The concentration of uterine zinc was affected solely by gestation; absolute placental tissue zinc values were lowest in the sedentary-high and exercising-low protein groups, while the exercising-high protein group possessed the greatest zinc value. No significant difference was detected in fetal zinc concentrations. Fetal tissue from exercising dams weighed significantly less (p<0.05) than fetal tissue from the sedentary dams; and sedentary-high protein dams produced significantly more (p<0.05) fetuses than the exercising-high protein dams. Both protein intake and exercising during pregnancy significantly affect normal parturition and zinc metabolism in the rat.
M.S.

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19

Achen, Jasinta H. "Evaluation of the nutritional correlates of growth of early and middle stage HIV-infected children in Uganda and zinc content of Ugandan food plants." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83957.

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A cross-sectional survey was carried out to evaluate the nutritional correlates of growth in 93 HIV-infected children in the early and middle stages of infection. Also, as zinc is important for growth and immune function, foods commonly eaten by these children were evaluated for zinc content. Foods with relatively high zinc were identified in Uganda, and these food items were legumes and cereals. A high prevalence of stunting and wasting was found in HIV-infected children. The study also found that the frequency of past week oil/fat and staples consumption was non-significantly correlated to weight-for-height at the early stage, while household size was negatively, but non-significantly, associated with WHZ in all HIV-infected children. Few caregivers reported feeding certain foods to HIV-infected children based on beliefs.

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20

Bosshard, Gabriela Zanotto 1986. "Propriedades ópticas e estruturais de óxido de zinco contendo enxofre." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250265.

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Orientador: Fernando Aparecido Sigoli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O objetivo deste projeto foi investigar a síntese de óxido de zinco contendo enxofre obtido a partir de sulfeto de zinco nas fases wurtzita (hexagonal) e blenda de zinco (cúbica), assim como fazer a caracterização e estudar as alterações estruturais e ópticas dos materiais sintetizados e compará-las às propriedades do óxido de zinco sintetizado a partir de hidroxicarbonato de zinco. O método de síntese utilizado permite a obtenção de sulfeto de zinco hexagonal ou cúbico a baixa temperatura, permitindo um estudo comparativo da influência da estrutura cristalina do sulfeto de zinco na formação do óxido de zinco. Os estudos por difração de raios X mostram que há leve variação nos parâmetros de rede do material obtido, principalmente quando a síntese parte da fase hexagonal do ZnS. Somado a isso, a análise da luminescência dos materiais obtidos mostra emissão em torno de 520 nm, que pode ser atribuída a transição eletrônica entre defeitos de Frenkel (Zni e VZn") que foram formados a temperaturas inferiores à requerida para a formação deste tipo de defeito, indicando, portanto alterações na rede do óxido de zinco contendo enxofre.
Abstract: This project aimed to investigate the synthesis of sulfur-containing zinc oxide obtained from zinc sulfide in the wurtzite (hexagonal) or zinc blende (cubic) phases, in order to study possible changes in the structural and optical properties of the obtained, material which were compared to the properties of zinc oxide synthesized from zinc hydroxicarbonate. The used method of synthesis allowed obtaining zinc sulfide hexagonal or cubic at low temperature and therefore comparative studies of the influence of crystalline structure of zinc sulfide in the formation of zinc oxide was possible. X-ray diffraction data show that there is a slight variation in the lattice parameters of the obtained material, especially in the material synthesized from hexagonal ZnS. In addition to that, luminescence emission around 520 nm, assigned to the electronic transition among Frenkel defects (Zni and VZn"), indicate changes in the network of the sulfur-containing zinc oxide, since this type of defect is expected to be formed at temperatures above the ones used in the present work.
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestra em Química

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21

Bueche, Blaine. "The Effect of PEG-Insulin and Insulin Hexamer Assembly on Stability in Solution and Dry Powders. Hexamer Assembly of PEGylated-Insulin and Insulin Studied by Multi-Angle Light Scattering to Rationally Choose the pH and Zinc Content for Analytical Methods and Formulations of Dry Powders." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5688.

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The objective of this research is to further define the relationship between the charge state of insulin, and the self assembly properties of insulin and PEGylated insulin in solution. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were covalently attached to insulin in order to evaluate their impact on insulin's systemic duration of action after pulmonary dosing. This thesis will focus on the assembly properties of the PEG-insulin and insulin, and also demonstrate how the charge state, which was modified by the covalent attachment of PEG, relates to different modes of behavior by anion and cation exchange chromatography. In addition, explain how modifying the assembly state extends to improving formulation properties of spray-dried insulin powders. This thesis is an investigation into the relationship of insulin's charge state controlled by pH and how the charge state affects the self assembly of insulin, especially when the zinc ion is removed. Ionic interaction is one of the major forces affecting insulin assembly. The theory that a change in the charge state of insulin could modulate the ionic interaction and reduce hexamer formation at alkaline conditions was investigated. Experiments were designed to measure the level of hexamer with light scattering, and the amount of hexamer was then correlated with the pH and zinc content of the solutions. The importance of the charge state of the monomer and its behavior extends to chromatography and purification modes as well. Specifically, the purification of various species of PEGylated insulin presents a challenge. By varying mobile phase pH which induces the charge to insulin, an ion exchange method demonstrated very high resolution and controllable interaction between the ion exchange media and the insulin derivatives. A highly accurate method for determining molecular weight and thus the average associated state of insulin in solution has been developed using the MALS (Multi-Angle Light Scattering). Insulin concentration, pH, and metal ion concentrations, were in pharmaceutically relevant ranges. The MALS method was developed to evaluate how the parameters above affect the self-assembly properties of insulin, and use the assembly properties to improve formulations of insulin or PEGylated insulin. To use the light scattering technique the dn/dc (change in refractive index with change in concentration) is required. During the method development, the dn/dc of insulin was measured at 690 nm, and a value of 0.185 mL/g based on theory was confirmed. A novel approach for preparing insulin powders with improved chemical stability, based on maintaining the dissociation of hexamers in solution during the spray drying process was developed. The mode presented here is to remove the zinc ions from solution, increase the pH from 6.6 to 7.8, and maintain a low concentration of insulin approximately 2 to 15 mg/mL. Each of these factors alone decreases the hexamer population in solution, but by combining all three factors, hexamers are driven to very low levels of equilibrium. The increased stability of the powders is predominately related to the decrease in covalent insulin dimer (CID). The data presented correlates a reduced hexamer population in the solution with lower levels of CID's in the dry powder compared to controls. The CID formation rate was reduced by 40% compared to a control.

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22

Fotovat, Amir. "Chemistry of indigenous Zn and Cu in the soil-water system : alkaline sodic and acidic soils." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf761.pdf.

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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 195-230. In this study the soil aqueous phase chemistry of Zn and Cu in alkaline sodic soils are investigated. The chemistry of trace metal ions at indigenous concentrations in alkaline sodic soils are reported. Metal ions at low concentrations are measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique.

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23

Colán, Victoria Amelia Lázaro. "Perdas em ferritas de manganês zinco: o papel da sinterização e de parâmetros microestruturais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-30112010-144937/.

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O uso das ferritas de manganês zinco em fontes de potência de carregadores de bateria vem crescendo nos últimos anos, devido a suas baixas perdas magnéticas em induções da ordem de 0,2 T. Estas ferritas pertencem à categoria de ferritas moles, são óxidos ferrimagnéticos, policristalinos com estrutura cúbica tipo espinélio. Pós desse material foram compactados em prensa uniaxial e em prensa automática de produção para anel e toróide, respectivamente. Foram realizados dois ciclos de queima variando o teor de oxigênio entre 5 e 15%, no patamar de sinterização, com o propósito de avaliar seu efeito na densidade, microestrutura, perdas magnéticas em altas induções (0,2 T) e permeabilidade. Amostras sinterizadas em posições mais quentes do forno resultaram em maior densidade e maior tamanho de grão, conforme esperado, mas resultaram em maiores perdas a 25 °C. O aumento do teor de oxigênio entre 5 e 15% não alterou sistematicamente a densidade, mas resultou num pequeno aumento do tamanho de grão. Já a correlação entre teor de oxigênio e perdas foi complexa. Foi observado que existe uma temperatura de mínimo nas perdas totais por volta de 60 °C. O mesmo comportamento foi observado na curva da perda histerética, compatível com a variação da constante de anisotropia magnetocristalina (K1). Foram realizados ensaios de curvas de histerese a partir de 25 até 100 °C, a 0,2 T com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura nas duas parcelas da perda histerética. Amostras sinterizadas a 1290 °C com a menor pressão de oxigênio apresentaram menor temperatura de mínimo de perda. As técnicas de análise química do teor de Fe2+ não foram capazes de estabelecer, inequivocamente, a esperada relação entre essa variável e o teor de oxigênio da atmosfera de sinterização.
The use of manganese zinc ferrite in power sources of battery chargers is growing, due to its low magnetic power losses at inductions around 0.2 T. These ferrites belong to the soft magnetic materials group, they are polycrystalline ferromagnetic oxides with face centered cubic structure. Powders of this material were compacted in uniaxial press and in automatic press of production, by ring and toroidal form, respectively. Two firing cycles, varying the atmosphere oxygen content between 5 and 15%, were applied to evaluate its effect on microstructure, density, magnetic losses in high induction and permeability. Samples sintered in warmer positions inside the furnace resulted in higher density and larger grain size, as expected, but higher losses at 25 °C were achieved. Increasing the atmosphere oxygen content from 5 to 15% did not alter density significantly, but resulted in a slight increase in grain size. On the other hand, the correlation between oxygen content and losses was complex. There are lower losses, at 60 °C. Similar behavior was observed with hysteresis loss, which is compatible with the change in magnetocrystalline magnetic anisotropy (K1). Measurements were performed from 25 to 100 °C, at 0.2 T, aiming at the evaluation of the effect of temperature on the two parcels of hysteresis loss. Samples sintered at 1290 °C with low atmosphere oxygen content showing a minimum on the losses versus temperature curve. The available techniques to analyze Fe2+ content were not capable of establishing, unequivocally, the expected relation between this variable and the oxygen content of the sintering atmosphere.

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24

Fathi, Shida. "Kontroll av zinkskikt på monterat räckesmaterial." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147182.

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Kontroll av zinkskikt på monterat räckesmaterial som görs ute i fält saknar en fastställd metod. Zinktjockleken har ett minimum tjocklekskrav enligt den svenska standarden ISO 1461:2009, som bestäms av dimensionen på ståldetaljens tjocklek. Trafikverket begär att med hjälp av detta examensarbete kunna begränsa antal mätningar på plats, då kan det ta allt för mycket tid och arbetsresurser i fall det skulle behövas kontroll av väg-och bro räckesanläggningar från beställaren. Sannolikhetsläran och stickprov i statistik hjälper oss att begränsa antalet mätningarna på skyddsanordningarna som görs ute i fält. Med hjälp av normalfördelning kommer man fram till den efter strävade metoden, som med en rimlig arbetsinsats ger en rättvisbild av skikttjockleken på monterat räckesmaterial. Vid variation av varmförzinkaren på vägräckesanläggningar undersöker man varje leverantörs räckesdel för sig, alltså man mäter zinktjockleken på en varmförzikare för sig, kontrollerar zinkskiktstjockleken på de och tar slutsatser sedan går man vidare till nästa tillverkare. Om vägräckena är mindre än 30 stycken mäter man zinktjockleken på respektive anläggning. För beräkning av zinkskiktstjockleken på monterad räckesmaterial börjar man med 30 mätningar och användning av den centrala gränsvärde satsen för att approximera till normalfördelning och analysera resultatet. Det slutliga resultatet av examensarbetet är ett Excelprogram med inmatade formler. Excel programmet är ett hjälpmedel för framtagning av 95 % konfidensintervall. Med hjälp av detta intervall kan man ta slutsatser om zinkskiktet på vägräckena uppfyller kravet eller inte och kunna komma fram till ett resultat. Om kravet ligger i intervallet eller store än intervallet är materialet godkänt.
Control of zinc coating on assembled railing materials made on site lacks a common methodology. Zinc coating should have a minimum thickness requirements according to the Swedish standard ISO 1461:2009, which is determined by the dimension of the steel thickness. Trafikverket expects that with help from this thesis it could limit the number of measurements on site, otherwise it will take too much time and labor resources, in case control of road and bridge railing systems are required from the customer. Probabilities and sampling in statistics helps us to limit the number of measurements of the protective devices that are made in the field. Using normal distribution, one arrive at the element of method that with reasonable effort gives a fair picture of the layer thickness of the assembled railing materials. Upon variation of the galvanizers on road barrier systems, each part is investigated separately by measuring zinc thickness of a galvanizers, checking the zinc coating thickness on them, take conclusions and later on investigate the next manufacturer. If a crash barrier is less than 30 pieces, the zinc coating thickness is measured at each facility by itself. For calculation of the zinc coating thickness on a mounted railing material one begins with 30 measurements and the use of the central limit theorem to approximate it to normal distribution and analyze the results. The final result of the thesis is an Excel program with input formulas. The Excel program is a tool for producing 95% confidence interval. Using this interval, one can make conclusions that if the zinc coating on a crash barrier fulfills the requirement or not and later on be able to come up with a result. If the requirement is in the interval or larger than the interval, the material is approved.

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25

Allen, Martin Ward. "Schottky Contact Formation to Bulk Zinc Oxide." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4385.

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Zinc oxide is a II-VI semiconductor with considerable potential for optoelectronic and power-electronic applications in the UV spectrum, due to its wide direct band gap (3.35 eV at 300 K), high exciton binding energy (60 meV), high melting point, and excellent radiation hardness. A key requirement for many device applications is the consistent production of high performance Schottky contacts. Schottky contact formation to n-type ZnO was investigated via systematic studies into the relative performance of different metal and metal oxide Schottky contacts to hydrothermal and melt grown, bulk ZnO. The results of these studies can be explained by the dominating influence of two key mechanisms in the formation of high quality contacts: the removal of the natural hydroxide termination of ZnO and the associated surface accumulation layer, and the minimisation of process induced oxygen vacancies which tend to pin the barrier height of ZnO Schottky contacts in the 0.6 - 0.8 eV range. These investigations also led to the discovery of a new technique for the consistent production of high quality ZnO Schottky contacts, using the deposition of metal oxide films in reactive oxygen ambients. Specifically, silver oxide, iridium oxide, and platinum oxide films were used to consistently produce highly rectifying, very low ideality factor Schottky contacts to bulk ZnO, with figures of merit significantly better than those published in the literature. In addition, a number of previously unreported, surface polarity related effects were discovered in the electrical and optical properties of ZnO, which increase in magnitude with decreasing carrier concentration of the ZnO material. For example, metal oxide Schottky contacts fabricated on the Zn-polar surface of hydrothermal ZnO have significantly higher barrier heights than those on the O-polar surface, and low temperature (4 K) photoluminescence emission, from free excitons and excitons bound to ionised donors, is also significantly stronger from the Zn-polar face of the same material. These effects are thought to be related to the large spontaneous polarisation (-0.057 Cm-2) of ZnO, and indicate that surface polarity is an important variable when comparing experiment results with theoretical models, and in the future design of ZnO based devices.

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26

Oliveira, Cristine Santos de 1990. "Sistemas nanoestruturados de ZnO contendo Eu3+ em sílica mesoporosa." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250543.

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Orientador: Ítalo Odone Mazali
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O trabalho consistiu na síntese de sistemas nanoestruturados de ZnO contendo Eu em sílica mesoporosa, o vidro poroso Vycor (PVG), utilizando o método de ciclos de impregnação-decomposição (CIDs). Sistemas de nanopartículas puras de ZnO, na forma PVG/10ZnO mostraram que o ZnO apresentou-se predominantemente na forma de sítios de ZnO monodispersos com absorção em 245-250 nm e na forma de nanopartículas, com tamanho médio em torno de 4,5 nm, para as quais inicialmente não se observou uma absorção característica. Através de espectroscopia de luminescência observou-se transferência de energia do ZnO monodisperso para a matriz, porém nenhuma emissão no visível característica de defeitos. Para o sistema PVG/10Eu observou-se transições f-f características nos espectros de emissão e excitação, e a transferência de carga O¿¿Eu. Os sistemas seguintes sintetizados na forma PVG/ZnO@ZnO/M@ZnO, com M = Eu, Al, Sr, Pr e Yb visaram o estudo do sistema principal PVG/ZnO@ZnO/Eu@ZnO, o qual apresentou emissões do Eu relativamente mais intensas do que no sistema PVG/10Eu além de apresentar o favorecimento do crescimento do ZnO sob a forma de nanopartículas, crescendo sobre os aglomerados de dopante. Nessas condições, surge a banda proibida do ZnO em torno de 360 nm, cuja borda é deslocada para menores energias com o número de CIDs, em acordo com uma equação da literatura, indicando um regime de confinamento quântico. Esta banda é observada na luminescência e também transfere energia para a matriz, ainda não sendo observadas emissões de defeitos do ZnO. Estudos com Sr e Al não confirmaram a formação de defeito do tipo Zni decorrente da inserção do íon Eu na rede do óxido. Os espectros de excitação para os sistemas de ZnO contendo Eu não foram conclusivos quanto à transferência de energia devido à presença de bandas do Eu, e num sistema similar substituindo-se por Yb não foi observada esta transferência. Medidas de tempo de vida mostraram um aumento da estabilidade do Eu no sistema com a presença prévia do ZnO, e também sob seu recobrimento. Através das emissões excitônicas do ZnO observou-se o efeito de confinamento quântico também na luminescência, o qual se deu de forma similar ao observado para a análise por absorção no UV-Vis
Abstract: The work consisted in the synthesis of nanostructured systems of ZnO containing Eu loaded in a mesoporous silica, the porous Vycor glass (PVG), using the impregnation-decomposition cycles method (IDCs). Pure ZnO nanoparticles systems synthesized in the form PVG/10ZnO have shown that ZnO presents itself predominantly as monodisperse ZnO sites with absorption at 245-250 nm, and nanoparticles, with mean size around 4,5 nm, for which initially no characteristic absorption had been observed. Through luminescence spectroscopy an energy transfer from monodisperse ZnO to the matrix was observed, but no defect-related emissions. For the PVG/10Eu system Eu characteristic f-f transitions were observed in both emission and excitation spectra, as well as the O¿¿Eu charge transfer. The following systems synthesized in a PVG/ZnO@ZnO/M@ZnO pattern, with M = Eu, Al, Sr, Pr e Yb sought the study of the main system PVG/ZnO@ZnO/Eu@ZnO, which presented Eu emissions relatively more intense than the PVG/10Eu system, also showing favoring growth of ZnO under the form of nanoparticles, which now grow over dopant clusters. Under such condition the ZnO band gap is now observed in UV-Vis absorption analysis, with peaks around 360 nm, whose edge is displaced towards lower energies with increasing number of IDCs, also in agreement with a theoretical equation from the literature, pointing to a condition of quantum confinement. This band is observed in luminescence, and also transfers energy to the matrix, and yet no defect-related emissions are observed for ZnO. Studies with Sr and Al did not confirm the formation of a Zni defect due to the insertion of Eu ions into the oxidefs structure. Excitation spectra for Eu-containing ZnO systems were not conclusive as to the existence of an energy transfer due to the presence of Eu bands in the same range, and in the similar system exchanging Eu3+ for Yb3+ such transfer was not observed. Lifetime measurements have shown an increase in Eu stability within the system with ZnO presence previous to its insertion, or after its coating layer(s). Quantum confinement effect was also observed for the ZnO excitonic emissions in luminescence, showing a similar behavior to that obtained thru UV-Vis absorption analysis
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química

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27

Sellaf, Zenagui. "Élimination par voie électrochimique du zinc contenu dans les effluents industriels." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT028G.

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L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter une contribution a l'etude de l'elimination du zinc present dans les effluents industriels. L'analyse critique des differents procedes envisageables de traitement des solutions de zinc en milieu acide a conduit a l'adoption de la technique electrochimique. Une etude preliminaire a ete effectuee pour differentes solutions de zinc (en milieux chlorhydrique et sulfurique) en vue de determiner les conditions voltamperometriques de l'electrolyse de zinc. L'electrolyse a ete conduite pour deux modes de controle : potentiostatique et galvanostatique. Ce travail a porte sur l'etude de l'influence de certains parametres (concentration, ph, temperature, densite de courant, additifs et impuretes) et sur la cinetique d'elimination de zinc dans les solutions de forte acidite. Une attention particuliere a ete portee sur la nature des depots obtenus. L'etude a permis de mettre en evidence de l'effet benefique de l'utilisation de la regulation du ph. Les conditions operatoires optimales en termes de densite de courant et de potentiel de travail ont ete determinees pour l'electrolyse du zinc dans les milieux envisages (chlorhydrique et sulfurique). Cette etude a egalement abouti a l'etablissement des lois cinetiques et des relations permettant le dimensionnement d'un reacteur electrochimique pour le traitement d'une charge donnee.

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Santos, Marcia Cristina Gonçalves dos. "Avaliação do desempenho de filmes contendo silanos e sais de terras raras para proteção contra corrosão de camadas de ZnFe eletrodepositadas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263579.

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Orientador: Celia Marina de Alvarenga Freire
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Aço galvanizado e aço eletrodepositado com liga ZnFe são materiais comuns na indústria de construção civil e automotiva. Esses materiais à base de zinco necessitam, entretanto, serem protegidos de ambientes corrosivos através de um tratamento de superfície que geralmente contém cromo hexavalente ( Cr6+), tóxico para o meio ambiente e cancerígeno para o homem. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo com filmes contendo diferentes silanos: viniltrietoxissilano (VS), bis-(1,2-[trietoxissilil] etano) (BTSE) ou bis-(3-[trietoxissilil]-propil? tetrassulfeto (BTESPTS) e nitratos de terras raras (Ce ou La), como revestimentos de conversão para a camada de liga ZnFe. Esses sistemas foram avaliados através das análises de Espectroscopia Fotoelétrica de Emissão de Raios-X (XPS), das Curvas de Polarização, da Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE), da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva (EDS). Os resultados de EIE e polarização indicaram que os sistemas estudados foram eficientes contra corrosão e que seu desempenho dependia do tipo de silano. Os sistemas ZnFe+Ce+BTSE+BTESPTS e ZnFe+La+BTSE+BTESPTS mostraram o melhor resultado contra corrosão.
Abstract: Galvanized and zinc electroplated steels are very useful materials in automotive and construction industries. These zinc based materials, however, need to be protected against corrosive environments through a surface treatment that generally has hexavalent chromium wich is toxic to the environment and may cause cancer to human being. This thesis shows a study about films containing different silanes: vinyltriethoxysilane (VS), bis-(1,2-[triethoxysilyl]ethane) (BTSE) or is-(3-[triethoxysilyl]-propyl]tetrasulfide (BTESPTS) and rare earth nitrates (Ce, La) as conversion coatings to the zinc-iron alloy electroplated steel. These systems were evaluated using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Polarization Curves, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS. The EIS and Polarization results have shown that the systems under study were efficient against corrosion and its performance depended upon the type of silane. The inciron+Ce+BTSE+ BTESPT and zinc-iron+La+BTSE+BTESPT systems have shown the best result against corrosion.
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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Diawara, Jules. "Mouillabilité de surfaces hétérogènes (fer/oxyde) par un alliage de zinc liquide." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658768.

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Le phénomène de mouillage intervient dans de nombreux procédés, parmi lesquels la galvanisation en continu de tôles d'acier pour carrosserie automobile. Dans ce procédé, la tôle est immergée dans un bain de zinc liquide afin de la recouvrir d'une couche protectrice de zinc. Mais avant cela, cette tôle, laminée à froid, est soumise à un recuit sous atmosphère réductrice dans le but d'éliminer l'écrouissage et les oxydes de fer superficiels et favoriser ainsi les réactions de galvanisation. Des nouveaux aciers, dits à haute limite d'élasticité, ont été élaborés afin d'améliorer la sécurité passive des véhicules sans trop augmenter leur masse et leur consommation de carburant. Ces aciers contiennent des teneurs élevées en éléments d'addition oxydables qui, lors du recuit, diffusent de la masse de l'acier vers la surface où ils forment des particules d'oxydes qui ne sont pas mouillées par le zinc liquide. Il parait donc important de comprendre le mouillage par le zinc liquide de surfaces hétérogènes, composées de fer métallique et d'oxydes. Pour cela, nous avons étudié l'étalement d'une goutte de zinc liquide, à des temps très courts, à l'aide d'une caméra rapide dans un dispositif de chute de goutte. Nous avons mené nos expériences sur des alliages fer - silicium et un acier industriel, recuits à haute température avant le dépôt de la goute, ce qui a permis d'obtenir un taux de couverture par les oxydes variant de 0 à 100%. Le mouillage est décrit à l'aide de deux paramètres : le diamètre d'étalement et l'angle de contact. Nous nous sommes attachés à la compréhension et à la modélisation de l'évolution de ces deux paramètres aux cours des premiers instants de contact et en fin d'étalement. Nous avons, en particulier, mis en évidence l'influence du taux de couverture par les oxydes et de l'énergie cinétique initiale de la goutte. Le manuscrit se termine par une extrapolation des résultats de mouillage obtenus pour les surfaces hétérogènes modèles à des substrats recuits dans des conditions voisines du recuit continu industriel

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Gu, Qilin. "Hydrogen peroxide treatment induced rectifying behavior of Au/n-ZnO contact." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558344.

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Surmann, Luciana Loffredo. "Desenvolvimento de microemuls?es contendo fotoprotetores inorg?nicos nanoparticulador." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13437.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The inorganic actives, represented mainly by microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, have shown great potential to protect against large UV spectrum. The aim of this study is the development, characterization and analysis of stability in the short term of microemulsions containing inorganic fotoprotection agents. The microemulsions identified by the phases diagram containing the metallic oxides were produced by two different methods and subjected to the centrifugation test and thermal stress cycles, and subsequently characterized by macroscopic evaluation, test dilution, electrical conductivity, pH, particle size, and zeta potential. This study highlights the influence of the metal oxides addition in the structure and distribution of micelles in the microemulsions
Os agentes fotoprotetores inorg?nicos, representados principalmente pelo ?xido de zinco e di?xido de tit?nio microfinos, t?m mostrado grande potencial de prote??o contra amplo espectro de radia??o UV. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento, caracteriza??o e estudo de estabilidade a curto termo de microemuls?es contendo agentes fotoprotetores inorg?nicos. As microemuls?es identificadas pelo diagrama de fases e adicionadas dos ativos fotoprotetores foram elaboradas a partir de dois m?todos diferentes e submetidas ao teste de centrifuga??o e ciclos gelo-degelo, sendo posteriormente caracterizadas pela avalia??o macrosc?pica, teste de dilui??o, condutividade el?trica, pH, granulometria e determina??o de potencial zeta. Este estudo evidencia a influ?ncia da adi??o dos ?xidos met?licos na estrutura??o micelar e distribui??o de tamanho de part?culas das microemuls?es

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32

Warner, Ronald Douglass. "Zinc and calcium effects on nickel dermatitis in the guinea pig /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487330761217158.

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Santos, Marcia Cristina Gonçalves dos. "Estudo de filmes polimericos contendo silanos y-UPS e VS como revestimentos promotores de adesão em superficies galvanizadas e eletrodepositos de ligas ZN/FE e ZN/Co." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263596.

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Orientador: Celia Marina de Alvarenga Freire
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia mecanica
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Resumo: A excelente resistência do Zinco em diferentes ambientes corrosivos e sua habilidade em proteger o aço, fazem do aço galvanizado e eletrodepósitos, materiais comuns na indústria automotiva e de construção civil. Os substratos de aço galvanizado e eletrodepósitos de Zinco necessitam, no entanto, ser protegidos em ambientes altamente corrosivos por revestimentos orgânicos (pinturas).A má aderência do sistema Zinco/pintura faz com que a superfície do substrato de Zinco receba um pré-tratamento contendo Cromo relativamente barato e efetivo porém, tóxico ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Filmes poliméricos contendo silanos organofuncionais surgem como alternativa à substituição de pré-tratamento livre de Cromo hexavalente 'CR POT. +6¿, pois são moléculas que podem atuar como agente de acoplamento, promotores de adesão e como protetoras de superfície. A principal vantagem da sua utilização é a promoção da adesão entre materiais orgânicos (pinturas) e inorgânicos (metais). Os sistemas Galvanizado/Silano e Ligas eletrodepositadas/Silano, foram estudados nesta dissertação. Para tanto, técnicas como EIE (Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica), XPS (Espectrometria Fotoelétrica de Emissão de Raios-X), Ângulo de Contato e análises microscópicas foram utilizadas. A avaliação da resistência por barreira foi feita através da Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica em solução de 0,1 M de NaCI, comparando-se os desempenhos dos revestimentos. A cura induziu uma modificação importante nos diagramas de impedância, além de outras variáveis, como a concentração, o tempo de hidrólise, os tipos de silano e os substratos diferentes. Os resultados indicaram o Zn/Co revestido por VS e Zn/Fe revestido por 'gama¿-UPS como os sistemas mais promissores
Abstract: The Zinc' s excellent resistance, as used in differents corrosive environments, and its hability to protect steel, make galvanized steel (HDG) and Zinc electrodepositions very usual materiaIs in the automotive and construction industries. Galvanized steel and Zinc electrodepositions substrates need, however, to be protected from strongly corrosive environments by organic coatings (painting). Zinc/paint system weak adhesion results in a relatively cheap and effective zinc substrate pretreatment, however toxic to humam being, and also to the environment. Organofunctional silanes appear as an altemative to substitute this pretreatment, without making use of hexavalent chromium 'CR POT. +6¿), because they are bifuncional molecules that can act as adhesion promoters and surface protectors. The main benefit to employ them is to promote adhesion between organic (painting) and inorganic (metals) materiaIs. The GalvanizedlSilane and Electrodeposition Alloys/Silane systems had been studied in this essay. Techniques like EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy), XPS (X-Ray Emission Photoeletric Spectrometry), Contact Angle and microscopical analyses were used in this work. The barrier for resistance was evaluated through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a 0,1M NaCI solution comparing coatings performances. Curing caused as importante modification in the impedance diagrams, as well as other variables like concentration, hydrolysis time, silane types and different substrates. The results indicate the Zn/Co alloy coated for VS and Zn/Fe alloy coated for 'gama¿-UPS as the systems most promising
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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34

顧啟琳 and Qilin Gu. "Hydrogen peroxide treatment induced rectifying behavior of Au/n-ZnO contact." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558344.

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35

Andrade, Jirrah Pedro de. "Desenvolvimento e eficácia clínica de dermocosméticos para a pele acneica contendo vitamina B3 e derivados de vitamina B6 e zinco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-30012014-081127/.

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A acne é uma doença de pele com alta prevalência e seu tratamento é importante para evitar lesões cutâneas permanentes ou o agravamento de transtornos psicológicos provenientes do abalo à autoestima. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de formulações dermocosméticas eficazes que possam melhorar as condições desse tipo de pele é de grande valia. Dentre os ativos com potenciais benefícios para o controle de alguns dos principais fatores causadores da acne, estão a vitamina B3, um derivado de vitamina B6 e o PCA zinco. Assim o objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de formulações dermocosméticas para a pele acnéica contendo vitamina B3, derivado lipossolúvel de vitamina B6 e PCA zinco bem como a avaliação da estabilidade e eficácia clínica dessas formulações. Para tal, foram desenvolvidas diferentes formulações, as quais, em um primeiro momento, foram avaliadas quanto à estabilidade frente à adição do ingrediente ativo Zinc PCA. Após esta etapa, os demais ingredientes ativos foram adicionados e as formulações foram submetidas a testes preliminares de estabilidade e ao estudo da estabilidade física por determinação do comportamento reológico. A formulação mais estável foi avaliada quanto à compatibilidade cutânea e também em relação à comedogenicidade do veículo. A formulação composta pelos ingredientes ativos foi avaliada, ainda, quanto as suas características sensoriais e eficácia clínica. Os estudos de eficácia foram realizados por meio de métodos objetivos e subjetivos, após seis semanas do uso da formulação. Os métodos objetivos consistiram no uso de metodologias in vivo, não invasivas (métodos biofísicos e de imagem), sendo avaliados parâmetros relacionados à hidratação, função barreira, conteúdo lipídico, pH cutâneo, contagem de porfirinas, de microcomedões e de lesões inflamatórias. Em relação aos métodos subjetivos, foi realizada a percepção da eficácia por meio de um questionário para a comparação da pele antes e após o tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que, de todas as formulações desenvolvidas, apenas uma mostrou-se estável frente aos testes de estabilidade realizados. A formulação (veículo e adicionada de ingredientes ativos) apresentou compatibilidade cutânea considerada como \"muito boa\", de acordo com o teste realizado, e o veículo sem potencial comedogênico. Na avaliação sensorial as frequências obtidas para os parâmetros considerados como ruins foram baixas, indicando que o sensorial da formulação mostrou-se adequado para as finalidades propostas. No estudo de eficácia clínica, a formulação não alterou a hidratação e a função barreira da pele e mostrou-se eficaz na redução da contagem de porfirinas e das lesões inflamatórias (p<0,05). A avaliação clínica por métodos subjetivos mostrou a eficácia da formulação quanto à melhora da acne inflamatória, oleosidade da pele, hidratação e maciez. Por fim, os resultados obtidos mostraram que a formulação desenvolvida é eficaz e compatível com a pele, bem como a importância da pesquisa e desenvolvimento para a obtenção de formulações estáveis, seguras, eficazes e com sensorial adequado.
Acne is a skin disease with high prevalence and its treatment is important to prevent permanent skin lesions or the aggravation of psychological disorders due to self-esteem shaken. This way, the development of effective dermocosmetic formulations, that can improve the conditions of this skin type, is very important. Vitamin B3, a vitamin B6 derivative and zinc PCA are among the active ingredients which present potential benefits in the controlling of some pathogenic factors of acne. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop cosmetic formulations for acneic skin containing vitamin B3, vitamin B6 lipophilic derivative and zinc PCA, as well as the evaluation of stability and clinical efficacy. For this purpose, were developed different formulations which, at first, were evaluated in terms of stability face to zinc PCA addition. After this, the others active ingredients were added and the formulations were submitted to preliminary tests of stability and physical stability studies by rheological behavior determination. The most stable formulation was subject to skin compatibility evaluation and vehicle comedogenicity. The formulation with the active ingredients was also evaluated regarding their sensorial characteristics and clinical efficacy. Efficacy studies were performed by means of objective and subjective methods, after a sixweek- period of use of the formulation. The objective methods consisted in non-invasive in vivo methodologies (biophysical techniques and image analysis) where were evaluated hydration, barrier function, lipid content, skin pH and the counting of porphyrins, microcomedones and inflammatories lesions. In relation to subjective methods, was performed the efficacy perception using a questionnaire in order to compare the skin before and after the treatment. The results showed that among the formulations developed, only one kept stable after the stability tests. The formulations were considered as \"very good\" on skin compatibility test and showed no comedogenic potential. In sensorial evaluation, frequencies obtained for the parameters considered bad were low, which indicate the sensorial of the formulation was adequate for the purposes. In clinical efficacy study, the formulation under study did not alter the parameters related to hydration and skin barrier function and was effective in reducing the counting of porphyrins and inflammatories lesions (p<0,05). Clinical evaluation by subjective methods showed the formulation effectiveness regarding the improvement of inflammatory acne, skin oiliness, hydration and softness. Finally, the results obtained showed the formulation developed is effective and compatible with the skin and, besides the importance of research and development for obtaining stable, safe and effective formulations with suitable sensorial.

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Meroufel, Abdelkader. "Étude de nouvelles formulations de peintures en poudre riches en zinc et contenant PANI." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS180.

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Les peintures riches en zinc sont aujourd’hui largement utilisées dans l’industrie pour protéger les structures métalliques des environnements agressifs. Le zinc métallique est dispersé dans une matrice polymère sous forme de fine poussière. Ces particules doivent être en contact électrique entre elles et avec le substrat métallique (percolation), pour jouer le rôle de pigment sacrificiel et permettre de placer le substrat sous protection cathodique. Dans de nombreuses formulations de peinture poudre riches en zinc, la teneur en zinc ne dépasse pas 50 % en masse, induisant un faible nombre de contacts électriques. L'adjonction d'autres espèces conductrices, comme les polymères conducteurs, peut alors permettre d’obtenir une meilleure protection cathodique. Dans la continuité des travaux antérieurs, utilisant le noir de carbone comme pigment conducteur, trois nouvelles formulations contenant la polyaniline (PANI) ont été étudiées et comparées à une formulation commerciale contenant le noir de carbone. L'exploration des mécanismes de protection de ses formulations s'est effectuée principalement grâce à la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Des analyses microscopiques (MEB, EDS) et spectroscopiques (Raman) ont permis d'apporter des éléments essentiels dans la compréhension de la dégradation des différentes peintures en condition d'immersion. Finalement, un vieillissement accéléré en brouillard salin et une immersion en présence de défaut ont été réalisés afin de classer les différents revêtements en termes de qualités protectrices
Zinc Rich Primers are widely used in industry to protect the metal structures against corrosive environment. Metal zinc is dispersed in a polymeric matrix in the form of fine dust. These particles must be in electrical contact between them and with the metal substrate, in order to be sacrified and to place the substrate under cathodic protection. However, currently available formulations do not exceed 50 % weight of zinc. This weak zinc rate induces a weak electrical contact in painting and requires the addition of other conducting species for a better cathodic protection. In the continuity of previous works using the carbon black as a conducting pigment, one proposed to study three new formulations containing a conducting polymer as conducting pigment. The results obtained are compared with those of a commercial formulation containing carbon black. The exploration of the mechanisms of protection of its formulations was carried out mainly thanks to the electrochemical spectroscopy of impedance. Microscopic analyses (SEM, EDS) and spectroscopic (Raman) made it possible to bring essential elements in the comprehension of the degradation of various primers in condition of immersion. Finally, an accelerated ageing with the salt sprays and an immersion in the presence of defect were carried out and studied in order to classify the various coatings in terms of protective qualities

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37

Snider, James M. "Zinc pot bearing material wear rate as a function of contact pressure and velocity." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=2721.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 80 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

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38

Tsin, Fabien. "Développement d'un procédé sur grande surface d'électrodépôt d'oxyde de zinc comme contact avant transparent et conducteur de cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066311/document.

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Les cellules solaires en couches minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) représentent une technologie à fort potentiel et aux performances photovoltaïques élevées. La couche finale de l'empilement, appelée couche fenêtre, est principalement composée d'une bi-couche d'oxyde de zinc (ZnO) non dopé et dopé de type n - généralement à l'aluminium - et déposée par un procédé sous vide : la pulvérisation cathodique. Cependant, cette technique demande des investissements importants et un intérêt croissant s'est porté sur le développement de techniques alternatives atmosphériques en vue d'une réduction des coûts. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier la réalisation d'une couche fenêtre fonctionnelle de ZnO par un procédé d'électrodépôt photo-assisté en milieu aqueux sur des substrats de grandes dimensions. Pour y parvenir, différentes études ont été réalisées afin de déterminer les propriétés du ZnO électrodéposé et optimiser le procédé de dépôt. Dans un premier temps, l'influence de la composition de trois solutions électrolytiques sur les propriétés et le dopage du ZnO a été étudiée : le milieu chlorure (Cl-), le milieu perchlorate (ClO4-) et un milieu mixte à base de perchlorate et d’acide borique (H3BO3). Dans un second temps, la synthèse électrochimique du ZnO comme couche fenêtre a été réalisée sur des substrats de CIGS/CdS. Son étude a permis de montrer que la réalisation in situ d'une couche d'accroche facilite la croissance d'une couche finale dense et compacte. Cette méthode de synthèse en deux étapes a conduit à l'obtention de performances photovoltaïques élevées sur grandes surfaces avec des rendements allant jusqu'à 14,3 % pour une cellule solaire entièrement réalisée par des procédés atmosphériques
Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) thin films based solar cells are a promising technology for high efficiency energy conversion. A window layer completes the stack of the cell. It is commonly constituted by an intrinsic and aluminum doped bi-layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) deposited by magnetron sputtering, an expensive vacuum process. Alternative processes, using low cost and atmospheric techniques, have been developed in order to reduce the costs. The aim of this work was to achieve a functional window layer of ZnO by a photo-assisted electrodeposition process on large scale substrates of CIGS/CdS in aqueous medium and replace the sputtered one. For this purpose, several studies have been carried out in order to determine the optoelectronic properties such as doping level and mobilities of the electrodeposited ZnO and optimize the deposition process. Firstly, the effect of three different electrolytes on the zinc oxide properties and doping has been studied on metallic substrate: chloride medium (Cl-), perchlorate medium (ClO4-) and a mixed medium of perchlorate with boric acid (H3BO3). Then, electrochemical synthesis of zinc oxide as window layer has been performed on CIGS/ CdS substrates. This study allowed to establish the need to synthesize an in situ seed layer which promotes the growth and the compactness of the final layer of zinc oxide. This two-step method has led to the achievement of high photovoltaic performances on large scale with promising efficiencies up to 14.3 % for a solar cell made entirely by atmospheric processes

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Buitrago, Leidy Julieth Hernández. "Avaliação microestrutural, cinética e mecânica do comportamento de pelotas auto-redutoras a base de resíduos de aciaria elétrica contendo zinco do processo Waelz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-17072018-152706/.

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Durante a produção do aço a partir da fusão de sucatas em fornos elétricos a arco é gerado entre 10 e 20 kg de resíduos por cada tonelada de aço fundido constituídos por fumos e poeiras contendo óxidos principalmente de ferro, zinco, cálcio e chumbo, tornando-os altamente perigosos e tóxicos. Na procura de uma solução para mitigar problemas de descarte desses resíduos, propõe-se a aglomeração da poeira de aciaria elétrica (PAE) na forma de pelotas auto-redutoras. Essas últimas, são tratadas termicamente pelo processo Waelz o qual consiste em um forno rotativo, alimentado pelas pelotas, e que recupera o zinco por meio de reações metalúrgicas de redução e oxidação. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento cinético e mecânico bem como as mudanças microestruturais, através do planejamento fatorial fracionário de experimentos tipo 3III(4-2), variando aglomerante, redutor, temperatura e basicidade binária. As técnicas empregadas para caracterização foram: MEV, EDS, DRX, FRX, DTA-TG, análise C-N-H e análise granulométrica a laser. A PAE estudada apresenta 37, 50 % de ferro na forma de hematita e 19, 40 % de zinco na forma de zincita. A maior parte das partículas apresentaram uma morfologia esférica com tamanho aproximado de 1 ?m. Através do método de tempo reduzido foram testados os modelos: (i) modelo de reação química de interface-simetria esférica, (ii) modelo exponencial de reação contínua e (ii) modelo do núcleo não reagido; resultando em um comportamento cinético com a combinação dos dois primeiros modelos. Entre 800 e 950 °C, foi detectada a formação de agulhas de óxido de zinco com impurezas de cloretos e chumbo. Os estudos do comportamento mecânico, após os tratamentos térmicos, apontaram para todas as temperaturas, um melhor comportamento no caso das pelotas aglomeradas com xarope de glicose e Ca(OH)2.
Steel production from scrap melting in electric arc furnaces, generates about 10 to 20 kg of waste per metric ton of molten steel, which are composed by fumes and dust containing mainly oxides of iron, zinc, calcium and lead. Thus, these residues are highly dangerous and toxic. To find ecofriendly solutions and mitigate problems of the solid waste, it was proposed to agglomerate electric steel dust (PAE) in the form of self-reducing pellets. The latter are thermally treated by the Waelz process, which consists of a rotary kiln fed by the pellets, recovering the zinc by means of reduction and oxidation metallurgical reactions. In this study, kinetic and mechanical behavior, as well as microstructural changes, were evaluated by fractional factorial design of type 3III experiments (4-2), varying: binder, reducer, temperature and binary basicity. Chemical and microstructural characterization were performed using: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction XRD, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric (DTA/TG), elemental analysis C-N-H and laser granulometric analysis. The PAE studied presented 37. 50 % of iron in the form of hematite and 19. 40 % of zinc in the form of zincite. Most of the particles showed a spherical morphology of ~1 ?m in size. Using the time-reduced method, the following models were tested: (i) spherical interface-symmetry reaction model; (ii) exponential continuous reaction model; and (ii) unreacted core model. The results obtained showed a kinetic behavior with the combination of the first two models. At 800 and 950 °C the formation of zinc oxide needles was observed, in which was detected chloride and lead impurities. Mechanical behavior studies after the heat treatments showed that the pellets agglomerated with glucose syrup and Ca(OH)2 presented the best behavior at all temperatures.

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Santos, Claudia Joanita. "Aplicação da polianilina contendo nanopartículas de zinco em revestimentos de carrocerias automotivas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2957.

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A proteção contra corrosão na indústria automotiva é um problema de alto impacto econômico. Além de características anticorrosivas, os revestimentos utilizados nas indústrias automotivas precisam apresentar boa aparência e resistência física. Os revestimentos multicamadas normalmente utilizados em indústrias automotivas são compostos por e-coat, primer, base e verniz, sendo que o primer pode ser utilizado como um substituto do e-coat em processos de retoque ou retrabalho. Sob outra perspectiva, os polímeros condutores têm sido amplamente estudados como um revestimento anticorrosivo e o compósito de Polianilina-Melamina-Zinco (PZn) apresentou resultados promissores em relação à corrosão. Então, este estudo analisou a aplicação da PZn incorporado em revestimento multicamada utilizado na indústria automotiva, substituindo o primer comercial em processo de retrabalho. Adicionalmente, os resultados de PZn foram comparados com os primers utilizados atualmente (FLASH e GLASURIT). Para a caracterização dos materiais, realizaramse ensaios de MEV e EDS para o substrato e espessura de camada nos conjuntos pintados. Para a determinação de características visuais, foram feitas medições de cor, brilho e aspecto. Para corrosão, realizaram-se ensaios eletroquímicos (OCP e Tafel) e ensaio cíclico. Por fim, para resistência física foram analisados os ensaios de umidade, flexibilidade e aderência: corte cruzado, jato d´água, impacto pontual e batida de pedra. Os resultados dos ensaios de aspecto visual foram similares para todos os conjuntos pintados. Para corrosão, os ensaios eletroquímicos apresentaram resultados similares ao ensaio químico de corrosão cíclica, nos quais os conjuntos CJ_PANI e CJ_FLASH mostraram-se semelhantes e o CJ_GLASURIT obteve melhores resultados, sendo este o conjunto mais resistente. Os ensaios de resistência física podem ser divididos em secos e úmidos. Os ensaios realizados a seco tiveram resultados similares entre todos os conjuntos pintados, porém, nos úmidos o conjunto CJ_PANI apresentou-se susceptível à defeitos. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que o compósito de PZn apresentou bons resultados em relação às características visuais, ensaios eletroquímicos de corrosão e ensaios físicos a seco, quando utilizado em sistemas de pintura multicamadas de indústrias automotivas. Contudo, a PZn apresentou-se sucetível à defeitos em abientes úmidos, perdendo aderência.
The protection against corrosion in the automotive industry is a high impact problem on the economic view. Besides of an antirust characteristic, the coatings used in the automotive industries needs to have a good appearance and phisical resistance. The multilayer coatings used normally are compound of e-coat, primer, base and clear coat, where the primer can also be used as an e-coat substitute in rework processes. In the other side, the conductive polymers has been widely discussed as an anti-rust coating material and the Polyaniline-zinc composite (PZn) had presented good results concerning the corrosion protection. Then, this study had applied the PZn in a multilayer coating used in the automotive industry, substituting the commercial primer in a common rework process. In addition, the PZn results were compared with the commercial primers used currently (FLASH and GLASURIT). To the material characterization, were done a MEV and EDS analysis of the substrate and were measured the coating thickness of the painted sets. To determinate the visual characteristics, were measured color, gloss and aspect. For corrosion, were performed electrochemical measurements (OCP and Tafel) and the cyclic test. Moreover, the phisical resistance were evaluated with humidity, flexibility and adherence tests: cross cut, steam jet, punctual impact and stone chip. The visual aspects results were similar for all the painted sets. For corrosion, the electrochemical tests presented similar results with the chemical test done by cycle test, in which the CJ_PANI and CJ_FLASH sets had showed them equivalent and the CJ_GLASURIT had better results, being the set more resistant. The phisical resistance could be divided in two types: dry and wet. The dry tests had similar results between the painted sets, but in the wet ones, the PZn set had presented susceptible for defects. In conclusion, the PZn composite had presented good results regarding visual aspects, electrochemical corrosion and dry technical tests when used in multilayer paint systems of the automotive industry. However, it presented a susceptible for defects in humidity environmental, losing adherence.

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Petit, Fabien. "Contribution à l'étude de la réduction par plasma d'arc de fines oxydées contenant du plomb et du zinc." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0054.

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Les fours chauffes par l'intermediaire de bruleurs, pour le traitement des dechets, presentant de nombreux inconvenients, les plasma thermiques voient leur interet grandir. Dans le cadre d'une collaboration scientifique developpee par le cnrs, edf et l'ademe, notre travail s'interesse au traitement par plasma thermique de poussieres de ferrosilicium oxydees contenant du plomb et du zinc. Ces produits ont ete choisis pour leur composition proche de celle des refiom (residus d'epuration des fumees d'ordures menageres). Un reacteur plasma a arc transfere en atmosphere controlee (10#5 pa) de taille laboratoire (p 30 kw) a ete developpe pour le traitement de ces dechets et le suivi des differents parametres qui entrent en jeu, tels que la temperature du bain, les parametres electriques, et principalement l'evaporation des elements metalliques (plomb, zinc, fer,), en cours de traitement, grace a la mise en place d'un systeme d'analyse icp (inductively coupled plasma) en ligne. Le traitement des poussieres, dans notre reacteur, a ete etudie en vol en injectant directement les fines dans le jet plasma, et en bain en injectant ces fines a la surface du bain fondu, sur lequel est transfere l'arc. Les caracteristiques electriques de l'arc ont ete etudiees pour differents modes d'injection, et les reactions de reduction et evaporations mesurees a l'aide de calculs thermodynamiques. L'etude du traitement en vol a mis en evidence le probleme de l'injection pour cetype de dechets, et les evaporations selectives du plomb et du zinc, avec les particules injectees dans la colonne d'arc ou dans le bain fondu, ont ete suivies en fonction des parametres experimentaux

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Merlin, Cécile. "Approches analytique et électrochimique de la dégradation des tôles d'acier revêtues cataphorésées en atmosphères corrosives contenant des ions sulfates." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10286.

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Les mécanismes de dégradation des systèmes multicouches de type automobile en atmosphères contenant des sulfates ont été étudiés sous deux approches : l'étude des produits de corrosion et l'évolution du comportement électrochimique en immersion. Dans une première étape, une étude détaillée des produits de corrosion du zinc à base d'ions sulfates, particulièrement complexes du fait de leur variété, a été réalisée. En particulier, la famille ZnSO4, 3ZN(OH)2, nH2O avec 0 ≤ n ≤ 5 a fait l'objet d'études approfondies. L’obtention des hydrates les plus stables sous forme pure a permis de préciser la structure de ces composés en feuillets, leurs domaines de stabilité et leur évolution en fonction de la température et de l'humidité relative. Le produit de solubilité du pentahydrate a été déterminé, ce qui a permis de tracer le diagramme de Pourbaix du zinc en milieu sulfate. La spectrométrie Raman, dont la base de données a été étendue aux hydroxysulfates et chlorohydroxysulfates de zinc, a été une méthode de choix pour la caractérisation de ces composés et l'identification des produits formés sur tôles. Dans une deuxième étape, le vieillissement d'une tôle d'acier revêtue pour carrosserie automobile a été suivi à la fois en milieu naturel (sites marin et marino-industriel) et en immersion (solution NaCl 0,1M / (NH4)2SO4 0,005M, élaborée sur la base d'une atmosphère marine choisie). Sa subdivision en 5 sous-systèmes (zinc, zinc + phosphatation, zinc + cataphorèse, zinc + phosphatation + cataphorèse avec et sans l'inhibiteur de corrosion silicate de plomb) a permis de préciser le rôle des différents constituants. Des réactions de formation et d'évolution des couches de corrosion sur l'acier électrozingué ont été proposées. L’impédance électrochimique a mis en évidence des différences de comportement des systèmes cataphorèses en présence / absence de phosphatation ou de silicate de plomb. L’analyse des produits de corrosion formés sous peintures à révélé une diffusion sélective des ions a travers le polymère, avec une prédominance des chlorures.

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Jahed, Mohammed Nazeem. "The application of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in airborne particulate matter." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1995. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=td_ptech.

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Hedroug, Karima. "Influence des chromates sur l'hydratation de la pate de ciment portland, durcissant au contact d'armatures galvanisees." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30192.

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Les ions chromates jouent le role d'inhibiteur dans la prise des pates de ciment portland car le zinc, constituant de la derniere couche de galvanisation est dans son domaine de passivation car le ph de la solution est tres faible

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45

Caovilla, Alessandra. "Catalisadores de zinco(II) e alumínio(III) contendo ligantes imina-pirrol e imina-fenolato aplicados na polimerização de lactídeos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181332.

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Novos catalisadores de ZnII e AlIII contendo ligantes imina-pirrol e imina-fenolato foram preparados, estruturalmente caracterizados em solução e no estado sólido e usados na polimerização por abertura de anel do rac- e L-lactídeo em solução ou condições industrialmente preferidas (livre de solvente a 130 °C), na presença de um álcool como coiniciador/agente de transferência de cadeia (BnOH e iPrOH). Os catalisadores de ZnII bis-imina-pirrol Zn1-Zn4 demonstraram que a flexibilidade da estrutura do ligante, bem como o átomo doador (oxigênio versus enxofre), exercem influência na atividade da polimerização. A 80 ºC, a conversão de 100 equivalentes de rac-lactídeo ocorreu em 24 h a 96 h, dependendo do catalisador, enquanto que somente 1 h foi requerida para alta conversão nas reações em massa. Quando utilizados os catalisadores de ZnII bis-imina-fenolato Zn6 e Zn7, a formação de polímeros com valores de massa molar experimental em boa concordância com os valores calculados, conforme a razão []0:[]0, e com distribuição de massa molar relativamente estreita foram obtidos em 180 min, em solução de tolueno a 80 °C. Ainda, a eficiência catalítica do Zn6 foi evidenciada nas reações em massa a 130 °C, principalmente utilizando 5 ou 10 equivalentes de álcool benzílico. Todos esses sistemas ZnII bis-ligante levaram à formação de PLA, via mecanismo de monômero ativado, com cadeias poliméricas de ligeira tendência à heterotaticidade. Os catalisadores de AlIII imina-pirrol (Al5) e imina-fenolato (Al6-Al8), na polimerização em massa, formaram polímeros com valores de massa molar experimental de acordo com os valores calculados, conforme a razão []0:[]0, e com distribuição de massa molar relativamente estreita. Em solução de tolueno a 80 °C, resultados satisfatórios foram observados com os catalisadores Al5 e Al6 associados a 1 equivalente de álcool benzílico. Todos os PLA formados com esses catalisadores de AlIII foram tendentes à isosseletividade. A maior seletividade foi alcançada com Al6: = 0,66, = 167 °C. Na polimerização do L-lactídeo, a 130 °C, os catalisadores Al7 e Al8 demonstraram que a atividade foi influenciada pela natureza do álcool (álcool primário versus secundário). Independentemente do monômero, foi proposto que os sistemas de AlIII aturaram via mecanismo de coordenação-inserção.
This work describes the preparation of novel ZnII and AlIII preprecatalysts containing pyrrole-imine or imine-phenolate as ligands and it’s structurally characterization by solution and solid-state techniques. The performance of the preprecatalysts were carried out through the ring-opening polymerization of rac- and L-lactide either in solution or in solvent-free (at 130°C) using an alcohol as co- initiator/chain-transfer agent (BnOH and iPrOH). Zinc bis-pyrrolide-imine precatalysts Zn1-Zn4 demonstrated the flexibility of the backbone structure, as well as the donor atom (oxygen versus sulfur), influence the activity of the polymerization. At 80 °C, the conversion of 100 equivalents of rac-lactide occurred within 24 h or 96 h, depending on the initiator, while only 1 h was required for high conversion under bulk conditions. When the ZnII bis-imine-phenolate Zn6 and Zn7 precatalysts were used, it was observed the formation of polymers with experimental molar mass values in good agreement with the calculated values, (according to the ratio []0:[]0) and with relatively narrow molar mass distribution were obtained in 180 min in toluene solution at 80 ° C. Also, the catalytic efficiency of Zn6 was evidenced in solvent-free reactions at 130 °C, mainly using 5 or 10 equivalents of benzyl alcohol. All ZnII bis-ligated systems, via activated monomer mechanism, leads to the formation of PLA with a slight heterotactic bias. AlIII pyrrolide-imine (Al5) and imine-phenolate (Al6-Al8) precatalysts, under bulk conditions, formed polymers with experimental molar mass values in good agreement with the calculated values, according to the ratio []0:[]0, and with relatively narrow molar mass distribution. Satisfactory results were observed for Al5 and Al6 precatalysts using toluene solution at 80 °C and 1 equivalent of benzyl alcohol. All the PLA polymers formed with the AlIII precatalysts tended to isoselectivity. The highest selectivity was obtained for the Al6 precatalyst which showed = 0.66 and =167 °C. With L-lactide monomer polymerization, conducted at 130 °C, the Al7 and Al8 precatalysts demonstrated that the activity was influenced by the nature of the alcohol (primary versus secondary alcohol). Independently of the monomer, it’s being proposed that the AlIII systems performed via coordination-insertion mechanism.

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Badre, Chantal. "Etude de la réactivité de surface par mesure d'angle de contact : influence de la fonctionnalisation et de la structure : applications aux films d'oxyde de zinc électrodéposés." Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004902.

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Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit concerne l’étude de la réactivité de surface par mesures d’angles de contact. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à l’élaboration de surfaces texturées rugueuses. Dans la première partie, nous avons préparé des polymères formés d’un mélange de PVC et d’acide laurique. Puis, ces films sont rendus rugueux en y incorporant des billes d’aérosil. Mais, l’inconvénient de ce type de surface réside dans le fait qu’il n’est pas aisé d’en modifier la morphologie ni de la contrôler. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à des matériaux dont la rugosité peut être facilement contrôlée comme le ZnO. Différentes morphologies sont obtenues par électrodépôt. La mouillabilité de ces films est facilement modifiable en fixant des molécules organiques telles que l’octadécylsilane ou des acides gras. Nous avons ainsi réussi à préparer des surfaces superhydrophobes. L’étude a été étendue sur d’autres molécules à caractère redox
In this work, we studied the surface reactivity by contact angle measurements. In our case, we were particularly interested in preparing textured surfaces with different roughness scales. Firstly, we have prepared smooth polyvinylchloride polymers acidified with lauric acid. Then, aerosil balls are added to create some roughness on the polymer. Controlling the roughness and the morphology of these polymers remain a main disadvantage that leaded us to use other materials with easier roughness control like Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Different morphologies were prepared by electrodeposition such like nanorods and nanowires. It is well known that the wettability of ZnO can be modified by applying the bottom-up process. We used self assembled layers (SAMs) of organic molecules like octadecylsilane and fatty acids. We succeeded to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces with the highest contact angle 176° ever obtained on ZnO. The study was extended and ferrocene probe molecules were used

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Cohen, Serge. "Détermination et étude de la structure d'un nouveau module se fixant à l'ADN et contenant du zinc : le domaine GCM." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10173.

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Faÿ, Sylvie Shah Arvind V. Shah Arvind V. Shah Arvind V. "L'oxyde de zinc par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur comme contact électrique transparent et diffuseur de lumière pour les cellules solaires /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=2899.

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Romero, João Henrique Saska. "Propriedades ópticas e estruturais de hidróxidos duplos lamelares luminescentes contendo zinco, alumínio, európio e ligantes orgânicos /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150013.

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Orientadora: Marian Rosaly Davolos
Banca: Édson Pecoraro
Banca: Fernando Aparecido Sigoli
Banca: Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino
Banca: Sérgio Antonio Marques de Lima
Resumo: O desafio da Química no século XXI é a obtenção de materiais promissores em aplicações e perspectivas inovadoras. Um ótimo candidato para estudos específicos é a síntese de materiais luminescentes bidimensionais. Entre as matrizes bidimensionais disponíveis, pode-se destacar os Hidróxidos Duplos Lamelares (HDLs) sintetizados no laboratório por rotas simples e de baixo custo, que têm como fórmula geral [M2+(1-x)M'3+x(OH)2](An-)x/n.zH2O (M, M' = íons metálicos que constituem as lamelas, e An- = ânion interlamelar). Preparou-se as amostras pelo método de coprecipitação e troca iônica. Na primeira etapa do trabalho otimizou-se os parâmetros de síntese. Após, obteve-se as amostras [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-HDL (A = NO3- ou Cℓ- e x = 0,1 ou 1 ou 5 ou 10% em mol) e a fase formada é de HDL, conforme dados de XRD. O perfil de luminescência indica sítios de baixa simetria, emissão com alta pureza de cor e, que alta concentração de grupos -OH intensifica os processos não-radiativos diminuindo a eficiência quântica. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, as amostras [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-HDL (A = bca (4-ácido-bifenilcarboxílico) ou acac (acetilacetona) ou tta (2-tenoiltrifluoroacetona) obtidas pelo método de coprecipitação não formam a estrutura lamelar. Assim, optou-se pelo método de troca iônica para as amostras [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-HDL (A = bca, bpdc (4,4-ácido-bifenildicarboxílico), tta e acac e x = 0,1% em mol). A intercalação das espécies aniônicas na matriz HDL nas condições utiliza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The challenge of chemistry in the 21st century has being the study of promising materials for applications and innovative perspectives. A great example is the synthesis of two-dimensional luminescent materials. Among the available structures, it can be highlighted Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) synthetized in the laboratory by simple route and low cost. LDH have the general formula [M2+(1-x)M'3+x(OH)2](An-)x/n.zH2O (M, M' = layer metal ions, and An- = interlayer anion). The samples have been prepared by co-precipitation or ion exchange method. In the first stage, several experimental steps have performed to acquire the better synthesis parameters. Then, [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-LDH (A = NO3- or Cℓ- and x = 0.1 or 1 or 5 or 10 at.%) samples were achieved according to XRD data. Luminescent properties indicate low-symmetry sites, emission with high color purity, and low quantum yield due to the high -OH groups concentration that enhances the non-radiative processes. In the second step, attempts to prepare [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-LDH (A = bca (biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid) or acac (acetylacetone) or tta (2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone) by co-precipitation method did not lead to a LDH structure. Thus, it has been chosen the ion exchange method to prepare [Zn2Aℓ1-xEux(OH)6]A·zH2O-LDH (A = bca, bpdc (biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid), tta e acac e x = 0.1 at.%) samples. Anionic species intercalation into LDH under the used conditions is efficient to the bca and is limited to th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Kenmoe, Stephane [Verfasser], Jörg [Gutachter] Neugebauer, and Ralf [Gutachter] Drautz. "Ab initio study of the low-index non-polar Zinc oxide surfaces in contact with water / Stephane Kenmoe ; Gutachter: Jörg Neugebauer, Ralf Drautz." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121909388/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zinc content'

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