Journal articles on the topic 'Zimbabwe'
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1
Rakhman, Reza Aulia. "Di Balik Ketergantungan Zimbabwe terhadap Investasi Tiongkok Pasca Nasionalisasi Yuan sebagai Mata Uang Zimbabwe." Jurnal Sentris 1, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v1i1.4191.30-39.
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On December 22nd 2015, President Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe officially declared that Zimbabwe will nationalize Yuan as official national currency. This policy is being done in order to solve default against Zimbabwe's debt to China. In return, China will pay off Zimbabwe's debt. By having this policy, foreign direct investment (FDI) as a foreign aid given by China will impact the economy development of Zimbabwe. This paper will examine Zimbabwe’s interdependence to China’s investment after nationalize Yuan as Zimbabwe’s currency with Theory of Foreign Capital Dependence and Development: A New Direction by Jeffrey Kentor and Terry Boswell
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N., Ndlovu, Mafumbate J., Mafuka A., and Brena M. "The Impact of the Buy Zimbabwe Campaign on Performance of Zimbabwean Companies in the Retail Sector." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 6(J) (January 24, 2017): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(j).1496.
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Abstract: The majority of the Zimbabwean retail companies were in the collapsing mode over the past ten years. This miserable predicament necessitated the government to craft locally-driven remedies, and one of them was the Buy Zimbabwe campaign. This prompted the researcher to assess the impact of the “Buy Zimbabwe†campaign on the performance of the Zimbabwean firms. The study objectives were to establish the impact of “buy Zimbabwe†campaign on demand for local products and factors affecting demand for local products. Furthermore to establish if a company participating in the “buy Zimbabwe†campaign performs better than non-participating firms, earnings per Share was used in the inter-firm performance comparison. The descriptive research design was employed, although the research was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. The classical linear multiple regression analysis was used to establish and explain the relationship between company performances. The results indicated a positive linear relationship between “buy Zimbabwe†campaign and company performance in case of those that adopted Buy Zimbabwe, whereas in case of those that did not adopt Buy Zimbabwe there was a negative linear relationship. The results also discloses that quality and affordability of the product are the most influential factors affect demand for local products and buy Zimbabwe campaign was regarded as the least factor to be considered by consumers. Results from this study point towards the need to put in place supportive policies for the “buy Zimbabwe†campaign to be effective.
Keywords: Buy Zimbabwe, retail sector, local products, competitiveness, customer loyalty
3
Matiza, Tafadzwa, and Sandra Perks. "Human Capital Reputation as an Antecedent of Foreign Direct Investment Market Entry in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (October 21, 2017): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1922.
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This paper examines the influence that the reputation of Zimbabwe’s human capital has as an antecedent of FDI market entry opportunities in the country. By synthesizing nation branding, behavioural finance and foreign direct investment theory, this paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge in human capital as a determinant influencing foreign investor behaviour within an African economic context. Empirical data was generated from a self-administered online survey of a purposively sampled population of 305 foreign investors within the Zimbabwean context. Exploratory factor analysis extracted the items that constituted the Zimbabwean human capital construct, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients being utilized to measure the reliability of the measuring instrument. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment coefficients and multiple regression analysis were employed to further analyze the data. The results revealed that foreign investors considered the availability of a sustainable, highly productive, skilled, retainable and inexpensive workforce, as the influential human capital attributes they considered for FDI to Zimbabwe. The empirical evidence further affirmed that the reputation of Zimbabwe’s human capital is an antecedent for resource- and efficiency-seeking FDI typologies to Zimbabwe. As a result, practical guidelines are provided for the Government of Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Investment Authority on the potential development and promotion of Zimbabwe’s human capital for the purpose of positively influencing investor behaviour, thereby attracting FDI to the country.
4
Ojakorotu, Victor, and Rumbidzai Kamidza. "Look East Policy: The Case of Zimbabwe–China Political and Economic Relations Since 2000." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417749642.
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This article maps the evolution of Zimbabwe’s Look East Policy (LEP) and specifically the bilateral relationship with China through the lens of Zimbabwe’s domestic politics. It argues that political elite in Zimbabwe has a vested interest in a close economic and political relationship with China at the cost of the interests of the people of Zimbabwe. The author establishes that Zimbabwe’s LEP was intended to respond to the economic sanctions imposed on it by Western nations. From the descriptive account of the LEP provided in the article, it appears that the LEP has been successful in doing that by having a broad-based economic and political relationship with China. The author further critiques the impact of Chinese investment in Zimbabwe as detrimental to the interests of the people. Foreign policy is an instrument that governs and protects the interests of governments, nationals, institutions, organisations and entities within the lenses of bilateral relations between the countries concerned. The Zimbabwe–China relations point to the fact that the latter China is politically and economically committed to engage and develop the former. However, at the heart of commitment and development in Zimbabwe lies questions of interests and the nature of the relationship which is affecting development and commitment to take place. Hence, this article argues that the failure of Zimbabwe to yield satisfying results from the bilateral relations lies mostly on the political and economic weaknesses of the Zimbabwean government and leadership. The fact that the LEP is not formally and publicly developed and disseminated to key stakeholders and the general public and that it remains largely an oral secret public policy statement affects the interests of Zimbabwean economy and interested stakeholders. This also reflects a weak foreign policy directive. As long as Zimbabwe continues to deny to engage with other superpowers and global institutions, the LEP will remain doomed as China will continue to manipulate and exploit the relationship knowingly that Zimbabwe has no other friends and partners for development and cooperation.
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Kambudzi, Nancy, Constancia A. Mumma-Martinon, and Henry Amadi. "Voluntary or Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement? A post-2000 Analysis of China-Zimbabwe Economic Relations." Journal of African Politics 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58548/2023jap31.0119.
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The quest for economic development in Africa's emerging economies like Zimbabwe is an uphill undertaking that necessitates multi-stakeholder contribution. Since 2000, China and Chinese firms have played a considerable role in contributing to the Zimbabwean economy and community well-being through CSR programmes. However, in the absence of a CSR regulatory framework, it is not clear whether Zimbabwe harnesses the full social-economic potential of CSR arrangements. Existing research on CSR in the country provides sketchy evidence and mainly from a foreign perspective. This paper analyses Chinese corporations’ engagement in promoting the socio-economic progress of communities in a non-mandatory CSR environment and presents a case for a regulatory framework in Zimbabwe. It applies interpretivism to desk review evidence from sources published between 2017 and 2022 and reveals that, despite voluntary CSR arrangements, Chinese firms have contributed to the socio-economic well-being of communities by investing in some development projects. This notwithstanding, a voluntary CSR engagement has provided a leeway for Chinese firms to neglect environmental concerns, violate employee labour rights, and threaten community displacement, especially in mineral-rich areas. The paper concludes that Zimbabwe’s economic hardships push the country to prioritise economic over social and environmental concerns of communities in fear of losing the scarcely available Foreign Direct Investment. However, mandatory CSR arrangements provide mutual benefits to both Zimbabwe and China, thus an opportunity to legislate CSR without jeopardising Sino-Zimbabwe's economic and political relations.
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Rwafa, Urther. "BEACONS OF HOPE: YOUTHS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEATRE INDUSTRY IN ZIMBABWE." Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1155.
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Since independence (attained in 1980), the theatre industry in Zimbabwe has experienced some tremendous changes due to the involvement of youths who have the capacity to experiment with different genres, such as theatre in the park, street theatre, forum theatre, proscenium theatre and community theatre. All these forms of theatre continue to explore different themes and perspectives that affect Zimbabwean youths in both positive and negative ways. This article explores factors that affect the productive life of theatrical productions in Zimbabwe paying particular attention to the extent to which youths were/are involved in contributing to the growth of the theatre industry in Zimbabwe. In this endeavour, the article will focus on education and training aspects, networking, collaborations, funding, research, theatre impact and advocacy. A better understanding of how the above-mentioned factors affect the developmental skills of youths and the growth of Zimbabwean theatre industry will create awareness among youths, who should make informed decisions if they are to survive ‘cut-throat’ competition in Zimbabwe’s theatre industry.
7
Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman. "Socioeconomic Barriers to Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: Present Issues and Pathways Toward Progress." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19826762.
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This article assesses Zimbabwean health services, using a social workers’ social development paradigm to analyze the dynamics of Zimbabwe’s Social Security program, focusing on universal health access for older persons, orphans, and vulnerable children. This article identifies the key factors that have done the most to shape health policy administration in the broader context of social policies and social security in Zimbabwe. The discussion is framed around the need for pro-poor social policies, social inclusivity, and the efforts to ensure universal health access. Despite numerous reports, newspaper op-eds and consultancy documents offering opinions on the state of social service delivery in the country, most critics lack empirical data and end up being very anecdotal as they critique the present system. The socioeconomic context of Zimbabwe is therefore analyzed here, with the best available statistical evidence provided, followed by assessment of social policy interventions. Current challenges to access health services are evaluated using a human rights-based social policy approach. The recent Zimbabwe Ministry of Finance-led consultative process crafted a 2016 document, the Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSPs), as an overall strategy for transforming the Zimbabwean health sector. The article concludes by recommending community-based health insurance approach as most appropriate intervention for ensuring health inclusivity and enhancing health for all in Zimbabwe.
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Kudzai, Tonderai. "The Impact of The Zimbabwe Government's Fiscal Policy on The Destruction of The Country's Economy." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/ijief.v3i1.2424.
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This political economy study in international relations explains the impact of the government's fiscal policy on foreign loans to the IMF in 2020. The fiscal policy carried out by the Robert Mugabe government has negatively impacted Zimbabwe's economy. The land reform policy was carried out to forcibly take land belonging to white farmers and give it to supporters of Robert Mugabe's political party. The land reform policy reduced economic growth and experienced hyperinflation, and as a result, the IMF suspended aid for Zimbabwe's foreign loans. This study aims to explain the impact of land reform policies on IMF foreign loans in 2020 and describe their impact on the Zimbabwean economy. The object of this research is land reform policies in Zimbabwe. This qualitative research uses descriptive methods and collects data from books, journals, official publications, and relevant websites. This paper uses a behavioralist perspective and the theory of international economic cooperation by Anne Kruenger, Deepak Lal. The results showed that hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was terrible for society, and the IMF decided to make economic aid to Zimbabwe worse.
9
Barure, Walter Kudzai, and Irikidzayi Manase. "Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic narratives’ in Zimbabwe." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 57, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tl.v57i2.6518.
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Over the past five decades, Zimbabwe’s political trajectories were characterised by a historiographic revision and deconstruction that revealed varying ideological perceptions and positions of political actors. This article reconsiders the current shifts in the Zimbabwean historiography and focuses on the politics of positioning the self in the national narrative. The article analyses three Zimbabwean political autobiographies written by political actors from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), particularly Michael Auret’s From Liberator to Dictator: An Insider’s Account of Robert Mugabe’s Descent into Tyranny (2009), Morgan Tsvangirai’s At the Deep End (2011), and David Coltart’s The Struggle Continues: 50 Years of Tyranny in Zimbabwe (2016). It also discusses how writing in Zimbabwe is a contested terrain that is bifurcated between oppositional and dominant imaginaries of politics, the revolutionary tradition, and past performances of power.
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Asri, Nurul Anisa, Muhammad Nasir Badu, and Pusparida Syahdan. "Peranan United Nations Joint Program On HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Penderita HIV/AIDS Di Zimbabwe." Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v1i1.12738.
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This study aims to examine the role of UNAIDS in efforts to reduce the rate of HIV / AIDS sufferers in Zimbabwe. The research method used is qualitative with secondary data techniques in the form of books, journals, documents, and various valid sources. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that UNAIDS as an international organization has become an aid and channel of foreign aid to Zimbabwe in collaboration with the Zimbabwean government to reduce the level of sufferers in the country. The existence of UNAIDS in Zimbabwe has affected the reduction of HIV / AIDS sufferers. However, this collaborative effort has constraints on Zimbabwe's unfavorable economic and human resource conditions. Apart from that, the cultural factor of society which is quite difficult to accept changes in something is also an obstacle.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran UNAIDS dalam upaya penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS di Zimbabwe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data-data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen, dan berbagai sumber valid. Seluruh data dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UNAIDS sebagai sebuah organisasi internasional menjadi bantuan dan penyalur bantuan luar negeri kepada Zimbabwe bekerja sama dengan pemerintah Zimbabwe untuk mengurangi tingkat penderita di negara tersebut. Keberadaan UNAIDS di Zimbabwe telah mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS. Namun, upaya kerjasama ini memiliki hambatan yakni kondisi perekonomian dan sumber daya manusia di Zimbabwe yang kurang baik. Selain itu faktor kebudayaan masyarakat yang cukup sulit menerima perubahan akan suatu hal juga menjadi salah satu hambatan.
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Chilunjika, Alouis, Sharon R. T. Chilunjika, and Dominique Uwizeyimana. "Implementing e-Health initiatives in Zimbabwe’s public health sector." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v13i1.837.
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The Zimbabwean government has instigated various policies and strategies as part of e-government initiatives to provide members of the public with convenient access to health information and services. Efforts have been made to embrace ICTs in Zimbabwe’s public health sector. The performance of health institutions in Zimbabwe however continues to deteriorate at a time when the use of ICTs in health is gaining momentum in Africa. This paper therefore seeks to assess the implementation of the E-health strategy revealing the current state of e-health or digital technology systems in Zimbabwe’s public hospitals. The study adopted an exploratory research design. Participants in this study were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through participant observations, in-depth interviews and documentary research. The study established that even though e-health is an indispensable tool in improving quality, timely and cost effective health care, its implementation in Zimbabwe has not been easy and it is still in its infancy stages. The study concluded that e-health is a reliable tool for promoting successful and effective public health service provision in Zimbabwe. The study therefore reflects and proposes elements necessary for the successful implementation of e-health in Zimbabwe’s public health sector.
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Mpofu, Raphael Tabani. "Dollarization and economic development in Zimbabwe: An interrupted time-series analysis." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4art4.
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This paper examines the impact of dollarization on the performance of the Zimbabwean economy from 2003 to 2014 using an interrupted time-series analysis. In Zimbabwe’s case, dollarization was the official replacement of the Zimbabwean dollar with the U.S. dollar. Rapid dollarization in the economy was accelerated by the exogenous shock caused by the injection of cash dollars into the Zimbabwean economy, mostly from international transfers. Since the official adoption of dollarization, Zimbabwe is largely a cash-based economy, with a huge amount of U.S. dollars that are in circulation outside the banking system. A hands-off approach to currency management has served Zimbabwe well since 2009, but a number of risks are beginning to emerge as the economy has slowly regenerated itself and the need for large capital injections has increased. Macroeconomic data obtained from the World Bank and from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s Monthly Economic Review is analysed. According to the tests conducted, it was found that dollarization did introduce some macroeconomic stability in Zimbabwe although a few key macroeconomic variables showed a sustained improvement. Statistical analysis shows that increased dollarization had positively affected reversed the spiralling effects of hyperinflation that were prevalent prior to 2009, although inflationary pressures still continued, albeit at a slower pace. This research has implications not just for Zimbabwean policy makers as they grapple with decisions pertaining to re-adoption of a local currency and/or the continuation of the use of the US dollar and/or the adoption of a regional currency, for example, the South African rand. The African Union and specifically, the Southern Africa Development Community should look at these policy issues very closely in order to provide policy direction to its member states.
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Gunda, L., E. Chikuni, H. Tazvinga, and J. Mudare. "Estimating wind power generation capacity in Zimbabwe using vertical wind profile extrapolation techniques: A case study." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8205.
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Only 40% of Zimbabwe’s population has access to electricity. The greater proportion of the power is generated from thermal stations, with some from hydro and solar energy sources. However, there is little investment in the use of wind for electricity generation except for small installations in the Eastern Highlands, as Zimbabwe generally has wind speeds which are too low to be utilised for electricity generation. This paper presents the use of vertical wind profile extrapolation methods to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind at different hub heights in Zimbabwe, using the Hellman and exponential laws to estimate wind speeds. The estimated wind speeds are used to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind. Mangwe district in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe was used as a test site. Online weather datasets were used to estimate the wind speeds. The investigation shows that a 2.5kW wind turbine installation in Mangwe can generate more than 3MWh of energy per annum at hub heights above 40m, which is enough to supply power to a typical Zimbabwean rural village. This result will encourage investment in the use of wind to generate electricity in Zimbabwe.
Highlights
Wind power utilisation is low in Zimbabwe.
Vertical wind profile is estimated using extrapolation methods.
Online weather data for soil and water analysis tool was used.
Electricity can viably be generated from wind in Zimbabwe.
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Stapleton, Timothy. "TThe Creation and Early Development of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) 1980-93." Revista Tempo e Argumento 13, no. 32 (April 30, 2021): e0104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/2175180313322021e0104.
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Given the 2017 coup in Zimbabwe, a rare event in Southern Africa but sadly common in the rest of the continent, this paper discusses the beginnings of the politicization of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) during the 1980s. At the end of the country’s war for independence in 1980, the ZDF formed as an amalgamation of former Rhodesian state military personnel and insurgents from the liberation movements of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). Personnel from ZANU came to dominate Zimbabwe’s new military given the lack of a specific agreement over the integration process, their numerical superiority, and ZANU’s electoral success that gave it political power. During the ZDF integration exercise of the early 1980s, British advisors attempted to create a Western-style force but acted pragmatically while North Korean instructors helped create an overtly ZANU affiliated brigade and party militia. In addition, South African destabilization and the rapid departure of former Rhodesian officers gave way to the accelerated promotion of former insurgents mostly affiliated with the ZANU government. Lastly, the further ZANU-ization of the ZDF occurred within the context of operations in southwestern Zimbabwe where it eliminated ZAPU as an opposition political movement and committed atrocities, and in Mozambique where Zimbabwean troops cooperated with allies from overtly politicized armies of neighboring states
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Mlambo, Courage. "Worker rights and social justice in Zimbabwe’s mining sector." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 9 (December 25, 2022): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2201.
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This paper is an overview of workers’ rights in Zimbabwe focusing on the abuse, exploitation of workers and the brutal attitudes displayed toward mine workers and trade unions officials by mining companies and government authorities. Zimbabwe’s mining sector plays a major role in Zimbabwe’s export economy. However, Zimbabwe’s mining sector, like many other mining sectors in the developing world, has workers’ right issues. Considerable attention has been given to the labour legislation by the government of Zimbabwe but there are still serious violations of workers’ rights in Zimbabwe. Mining firms involved in extracting the mineral wealth of the country are benefiting at the expense of workers. They are operating with little regard for the well-being of its employees. In light of this, the present study highlights and synthesizes workers’ rights issues in the Zimbabwe mining sector. The study also offers practical recommendations that could address the problems that mining workers are currently facing in Zimbabwe
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Chipaike, Ronald, and Paul Henri Bischoff. "Chinese Engagement of Zimbabwe and the Limits of Elite Agency." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619848783.
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This article contends that Zimbabwe’s agency in its engagement with China has been limited and at best circumscribed. This owes to factors such as indifference by state authorities to cooperation with civil society actors in negotiating with Chinese actors, the desperation of the The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front regime in the face of isolation by erstwhile partners as well as the opacity and secrecy that characterizes significant areas of the Zimbabwe–China relationship. The pressing need for critical institutions such as parliament to play independent oversight roles as well as the creation of space for civil society watchdog functions are highlighted as key enablers if Zimbabwean agency is to generate positive gains from the country’s engagement with China.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Elfas Torerai. "The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 29, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10739.
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The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.
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Woyo, Erisher, and Edith Woyo. "Towards the development of cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2016-0048.
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Purpose Zimbabwean tourism, whose draw-card is wildlife, has been on the decline since land invasions that occurred in 2000. Due to the farm invasions, wildlife-based tourism is no longer a viable option. In cases where traditional industries are declining, cultural tourism has been found to be an effective alternative source of revenue. Cultural and heritage tourism represents a growing special interest market whose demand is very high; however, this sector is yet to be sufficiently explored in the empirical context of Northern Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development potential of the sector. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was applied in this study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to 500 international tourists who visited Northern Zimbabwe’s cultural and heritage attractions between October 2013 and February 2014. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 19.0 was employed in data coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and one way analysis of variance were used in this study. Findings On the whole, the study found that there is potential to develop cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe. Results showed that there exists a certain demand for cultural and heritage tourism in Northern Zimbabwe and should be developed. Cultural and heritage tourists’ spending is high per visit, despite the fact that Zimbabwe is an expensive destination. The intention to repeat visitation was found to be significant with the age, level of qualification and nationality of respondents. Originality/value The findings provides insights for cultural and heritage tourism managers in Northern Zimbabwe and similar places around the country to invest in this special interest tourism. The development of cultural and heritage tourism will contribute towards the diversification of the seasonal and threatened nature-based tourism in Zimbabwe. With a better understanding of the motivations, trip behaviour characteristics and perceptions of Northern region, this paper presents insights that are important in developing the cultural and heritage tourism sector. Research on tourism growth in Zimbabwe has predominantly focused on nature-based tourism, suggesting a clear relegation of the contribution that cultural and heritage resources can make towards tourism growth; thus, this study provides a significant contribution in the Zimbabwean context with regards to literature.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "The impact of public external debt on private investment. Evidence from Zimbabwe under the multi-currency system." Journal of Economic Info 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v8i1.1688.
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The levels of public debt have grown significantly in both emerging and developed countries even during times of peace. The rising levels of debt pose substantial debt sustainability issues to developing countries including Zimbabwe. A defaulting country usually has limited access to new international credit lines or tends to borrow at a higher cost, due to high perceived country risk premium, making the country a less attractive investment destination. Zimbabwe is currently suffering debt distress and has since the year 2000 struggled to service her external debt from international multilateral financial institutions. Zimbabwe’s external debt continues to pile up due to penalties on defaults. This paper examines the impact of public external debt on private investment in Zimbabwe, using quarterly time-series data for the period 2009 and 2017. The period of study was a period of relative stability when Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency system. Interest rates, political risk, trade openness and household consumption are control variables of this study. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we find that external debt and external debt squared have a negative impact on private investment in the long run. Results suggest that Zimbabwe’s external debt is crowding out private investment. In the short-term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to apply for debt rescheduling to avoid penalties that have so far contributed to the ballooning of Zimbabwe’s external debt obligations. In the medium term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to design comprehensive debt and arrears reduction strategies, to reduce Zimbabwe’s external debt to sustainable levels. In the long term, after regaining borrowing rights, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to invest external borrowings in productive ventures, to facilitate debt amortisation. Secondly, we recommend that external debt be invested in education, health and infrastructure, which can potentially stimulate private investment, and thus create a multiplier effect on economic growth. Lastly, we recommend the government to invest foreign loans in sectors where Zimbabwe enjoys a comparative advantage, to ensure reliable export revenue for debt servicing.
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Jones, Oliver R., and Chido Dunn. "Legal Documents Relating to Land Reform in Zimbabwe." International Legal Materials 49, no. 5 (October 2010): 1380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.49.5.1380.
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In Gramara (Private) Ltd. & Others v. Government of Zimbabwe & Others (‘‘Gramara’’)1 and Von Abo v. Government of South Africa (‘‘Von Abo’’),2 the legitimacy of Zimbabwe’s land reform program has once again come under the judicial microscope. In Gramara, Judge Patel of the Zimbabwean High Court refused to enforce a decision of the Southern African Development Community (‘‘SADC’’) Tribunal that declared the program inconsistent with a range of human rights protections. By contrast, in Von Abo, Judge Prinsloo of the South African High Court virulently condemned the South African government’s failure to afford the applicant farm-owner diplomatic protection in relation to the government of Zimbabwe’s confiscations of land owned by South African nationals. The decisions throw into sharp relief both the potential and the limitations of the application of international law in the domestic context.
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Sabao, Collen, and Marianna Visser. "Sanctioning an anti-sanctions campaign? Comparing the textuality of news reports in Zimbabwean Newspapers on the anti-sanctions campaigns in Zimbabwe’s first republic." Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2020/v1n3a9.
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The paper analyses the discourse linguistic notion of 'objectivity' in 'hard' news reports on the two ZANU PF led Anti-Sanctions campaigns in Zimbabwe. In examining the campaigns, which occur in Zimbabwe's first republic and when Zimbabwe was still under the leadership of the now late President, Robert Gabriel Mugabe, the paper seeks to compare the textuality of 'hard' news reports from selected Zimbabwean newspapers by focusing on how language and linguistic resources are used evaluatively in manners that betray authorial attitudes in news reports on Mugabe and ZANU PF led Anti-Sanctions campaigns against 'sanctions'1 imposed on the country by the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU) in The Herald2 and Newsday3 specifically focusing on the manner in which the news reports uphold or flout the objectivity ideal as explicated through the ‘reporter voice’4 configuration and within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). In 2017, Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (Mugabe’s historically trusted lieutenant), ascended to the presidency through a military backed coup that ousted Zimbabwe’s monolithic leader, Robert Mugabe, who had been in power for 37 years. True to the ZANU PF historical way of doing things, Mnangagwa also went on a rampage accusing others, especially the West for their sanctions which he claimed were hurting ordinary people and the Zimbabwean economy. However, this paper only focused in the analysis of the Mugabe led campaigns. While ‘hard news’ articles must thus attempt to project an aura of objectivity, in comparison editorials/commentaries are meant to air opinions. However, this is not always the case as they often are loaded with attitudinal meanings – occurring as both inscribed and/or invoked authorial evaluations as well as attributed inscribed and/or invoked evaluations.
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Udjo, Eric O. "Is fertility falling in Zimbabwe?" Journal of Biosocial Science 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022069.
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SummaryWith an unequalled contraceptive prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa, of 43% among currently married women in Zimbabwe, the Central Statistical Office (1989) observed that fertility has declined sharply in recent years. Using data from several surveys on Zimbabwe, especially the birth histories of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines fertility trends in Zimbabwe. The results show that the fertility decline in Zimbabwe is modest and that the decline is concentrated among high order births. Multivariate analysis did not show a statistically significant effect of contraception on fertility, partly because a high proportion of Zimbabwean women in the reproductive age group never use contraception due to prevailing pronatalist attitudes in the country.
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Smirnova, Ekaterina Borisovna. "China and the Republic of Zimbabwe: the main areas of cooperation." Международные отношения, no. 3 (March 2023): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2023.3.44009.
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After sanctions in the 2000s were imposed, the cooperation with China that helped Zimbabwe to cope with the crisis at home and on the international arena. The object of research in this paper is the Sino-Zimbabwean relations. The subject of the study is the interaction and cooperation between China and Zimbabwe in politics and economics in the period 2000-2019. The purpose of the study is to assess the main areas of Chinese–Zimbabwean cooperation in 2000-2019. The author examines the evolution of interaction in the political and economic sphere between China and Zimbabwe, identifies the factors that influenced cooperation in these areas. The novelty of this study lies in a comprehensive assessment of the development trend of Chinese-Zimbabwean cooperation in the field of politics and economics in the period 2000-2019. The systematic method allowed us to consider the trend of cooperation in the field of politics and economics between the PRC and the Republic of Zimbabwe on the basis of extensive use of sources. The author concludes that cooperation between China and Zimbabwe is important in the context of the foreign policy of both countries. This multifaceted alliance in the political and economic spheres contributes to the development and strengthening of diplomatic ties, which have an impact on the common prosperity of both countries.
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Tarisayi, Kudzayi Savious. "Hanging On by a Thread: The Case of Migrant Teachers Holding Zimbabwean Exemption Permits in South Africa." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 38, no. 1 (2022): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.38.1.3.
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This paper drew from a qualitative study on the experiences of Zimbabwean migrant teachers in South Africa. Using the interpretivist paradigm, the author interrogates the experiences of Zimbabwean migrant teachers who hold the Zimbabwe Exemption Permit. The author relies on the theory of migration by seminal scholar Everett Lee for a theoretical lens. The study was carried out within the context of respite1 for Zimbabwe Exemption Permits holders. The respite for Zimbabwe Exemption Permit holders was to terminate on 31 December 2022. Narrative interviews were carried out with ten purposively selected participants. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study suggested that Zimbabwean migrant teachers were struggling to transfer to mainstream visas after the non-extension of the special visas they were holding (critical skill visas, general work visas). Due to these struggles, there was a shared view among the participants that after 31 December 2022 they would become undocumented. This was expected to change the lives of previously documented migrants. The impending fate of the Zimbabwe Exemption Permit holders led to the conclusion that their lives were hanging on by a thread. The author recommends that the fate of the documentation for Zimbabwean migrant teachers in South Africa be reassessed in terms of permanent residency status.
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Verheul, Susanne. "‘ZIMBABWEANS ARE FOOLISHLY LITIGIOUS’: EXPLORING THE LOGIC OF APPEALS TO A POLITICIZED LEGAL SYSTEM." Africa 86, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000777.
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ABSTRACTIn this article, I focus on the narratives of two men, Patrick and Father Marko Mkandla. I ask whether their continued interactions with, and appeals to, Zimbabwe's politicized legal system were ‘foolish’. The two men inhabited different geographic regions and diverged in their economic positions, political engagement, and ties to Zimbabwe's human rights networks. They nonetheless both started their accounts by recollecting that they persisted in reporting cases of political violence to the Zimbabwe Republic Police. Their accounts show us that imagining, invoking and interacting with the law in Zimbabwe was often an ambiguous, occasionally dangerous, and very contradictory exercise. Under ZANU-PF's rule, judicial institutions were increasingly politicized as instruments for repression. The men nevertheless continued to interact with the state and its officials as if these were bound by rules. This allowed Patrick and Father Mkandla to perform their rights-based citizenship, to experience occasional ‘successes’, and to differentiate themselves from the ‘unprofessional’ politicized civil servants they encountered during their appeals. Rather than ‘foolishly’ invoking the law, some Zimbabwean citizens engaged it as a shared language through which they could articulate their imagination of, hopes for, and belonging to a rule-bound state in the future.
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Perman, Tony. "Muchongoyo and Mugabeism in Zimbabwe." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.4.
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Abstract:This article explores the influence of nationalism and modernity in contemporary Zimbabwe and on the musical lives of Zimbabweans through an examination ofmuchongoyo, the signature dance–drumming tradition of Zimbabwe’s Ndau communities. Invoking the concept of “Mugabeism,” it illustrates how Shona nationalism and expectations of modernity have partially reshapedmuchongoyoin the turmoil of contemporary Zimbabwe. As indigenous practices serve political ends, their values shift. Consequently, there are now twomuchongoyos: one rooted in the unique history and values of Zimbabwe’s Ndau community, the other emerging from decades of political employment of indigenous music for the sake of nationalist discourse.
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Dube, Bekithemba. "Violence and Corruption of Megachurch Leaders: Unravelling Silent Coloniality in Zimbabwe." Religions 14, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14091209.
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This theoretical article argues that megachurches are an inadequately problematised factor in the Zimbabwean crisis and uses, as examples of violent and corrupt megachurch leaders, Emmanuel Makandiwa, Uebert Angel, and Passion Java. As Zimbabwe moves towards elections in 2023, ZANU-PF has resorted to using megachurches to enact propaganda, create voter empathy, and stir up violence, dividing the religious electorate along party lines in the process. The article is couched in decoloniality theory to position megachurch leaders within instability and as thwarting democracy in Zimbabwe. I respond to two questions: how do Makandiwa, Angel, and Java contribute to thwarting democracy while promoting corruption and violence? And, how can religion be approached from the perspective of decolonial thinking to reverse the crisis that has been created by prophets in Zimbabwe? I end by arguing that the Zimbabwean crisis takes various forms and that the role of megachurch leaders in finding a solution and in reconstructing narratives of peace and good governance in Zimbabwe cannot be ignored.
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Kusekwa, Lovemore, and Aston Mushowani. "The open access landscape in Zimbabwe: the case of university libraries in ZULC." Library Hi Tech 32, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2013-0083.
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Purpose – The paper aims to focus on the current state of open access (OA) initiatives in Zimbabwean universities. The paper specifically reports the initiatives at Zimbabwean universities regarding institutional repositories that promote OA and other digital OA collections. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research methodology was adopted. Questionnaires were used as the primary data collection method for this research. The research sought to address the following specific areas: the state of institutional repositories and open access in Zimbabwe, the discoverability of content, open access policies and mandates, the benefits of open access in Zimbabwe, and future plans for institutional OA. A total of eight out of 12 universities responded to the questionnaire. The data provided by the universities involved in the research were summarised to give a general picture of the open access landscape in Zimbabwe. Findings – The current initiatives in the universities involved in this survey indicate that most universities in Zimbabwe are going to have institutional repositories that promote open access to information. Most institutions in Zimbabwe are already working on putting open access policies in place in a bid to promote open access. Originality/value – The research will shed more light on the status quo of open access initiatives in Zimbabwe, particularly with regards to institutional repositories, open access policies and open access mandates.
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Shepherd, Chris R., Ellen Connelly, Lisa Hywood, and Phillip Cassey. "Taking a stand against illegal wildlife trade: the Zimbabwean approach to pangolin conservation." Oryx 51, no. 2 (April 27, 2016): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000119.
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AbstractPangolins are increasingly threatened by demand for their scales, which are used in traditional medicines, and for their meat, which is consumed as a luxury. As populations of Asian pangolins decline, the demand is shifting to the four species in Africa, where local cultural use may already pose some level of threat. During 2010−2015 a total of 65 pangolin-related seizures (surrendered and confiscated) were reported in Zimbabwe, with the annual number of confiscations increasing significantly over this period. Zimbabwean authorities have toughened their stance against this trade, and during January−June 2015 three-quarters of confiscations of pangolins (n = 12) resulted in the maximum jail sentence for at least one of the offenders in each case. At present there is no evidence that pangolins are being traded from Zimbabwe to China, and the increased enforcement may be key to ensuring Zimbabwe's pangolins are not threatened by the large-scale illegal trade witnessed in Asia.
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Chidarikire, Munyaradzi, Takunda Chikwati, and Jane Chidarikire. "Suicide Among Rural Primary School Learners in Zimbabwe: An Epidemic in Need of Mitigation." Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v24i1.2025.
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Suicide among rural primary school learners Zimbabwe has reached epidemic proportions, yet there is dearth. However, the causes and potential mitigation strategies are still limited. This article aims to address that gap by exploring Zimbabwe rural primary learners' perspectives. Using a socio-cultural theoretical framework, this qualitative study will conduct focus group with 12 learners from Mahoto rural area, Masvingo North Constituency to elicit learners' lived experiences and suicide motivations. The data will undergo thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. Initial findings suggest that academic struggles without access to counselling drive many rural primary school learners to end their lives prematurely. This highlights the need for Zimbabwe's Government, through the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to urgently deploy professional counsellors. By giving voice to the disadvantaged rural learner suicide epidemic firsthand, this study seeks actionable strategies to stem the tragedy of learners’ suicide and promote the well-being of Zimbabwean rural learners.
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Chiku, Charles, Talkmore Maruta, Fredrick Mbiba, and Justen Manasa. "Navigating regulatory landscape: A qualitative exploration of medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices oversight in Zimbabwe through key stakeholder perspectives." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): e0287415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287415.
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Medical devices and In Vitro Diagnostics (IVDs) are vital for public health and accessible healthcare. Still, there is an imbalance in high-quality products in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Zimbabwe’s regulatory framework for medical devices and IVDs is unclear, leading to ineffective compliance and surveillance. As a result, there are knowledge gaps regarding pre-market and post-market regulatory elements to ensure the safety, quality and performance of medical devices and IVDs used in Zimbabwe. Our study aimed to explore the current status of medical devices and IVD regulations in Zimbabwe. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 regulators from the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Medical Laboratory and Clinical Scientists Council (MLCScCZ) to understand the current status of medical devices and IVD regulations in Zimbabwe. Three participants completed a questionnaire to understand the regulatory landscape in Zimbabwe. Three key informant interviews were conducted with three regulators from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA), Tanzanian Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), and World Health Organization Regulatory Systems Strengthening (WHO RSS) to learn best practices to create a roadmap for Zimbabwe. We analyzed qualitative data using a thematic analysis. The findings reveal significant deficiencies and gaps in the legal framework for regulating medical devices and IVDs, highlighting the need for a legal framework and the absence of more comprehensive regulations. Regulatory entities face capacity limitations, especially in regulating medical devices and IVDs. Conformity assessment processes, medical devices, IVD classification criteria, and post-market surveillance also represent challenges, highlighting the need for a well-defined framework and regulatory procedures. The Zimbabwean regulatory system pathway is reactive, prompting several regulatory initiatives to address needs. Despite facing challenges, there is recognition of the importance of collaboration among regulatory authorities, emphasizing a shared commitment to improving and strengthening medical devices and IVD regulations for improved patient safety. By advocating for a proactive, comprehensive, and legally sound approach, indicating the potential for collaboration and synergy, this study provides a foundation for well-informed policy recommendations to guide enhancements and build a framework for a resilient, efficient, and transparent regulatory environment in the Zimbabwe and African regions as a whole.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Menelisi Ncube. "Towards Ingenious Technology and the Robust Enforcement of Financial Markets Laws to Curb Money Laundering in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (May 21, 2021): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10729.
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Technology has positively contributed to the creation of financial markets and the facilitation of payments globally. The effective use of robust technology could enhance the consistent enforcement of financial market laws by curbing financial crimes in any country. This in turn would enhance the integrity of financial markets and promote the viability of financial markets. In relation to this, it appears that Zimbabwe has struggled to comply with international measures to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) since it has poor financial market laws which are inconsistently enforced due inter alia to its poor money laundering detection mechanisms and inadequate resources. For instance, Zimbabwe has to date failed to make satisfactory progress to adopt and enforce adequate risk mitigation measures against money laundering practices in accordance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. This is evidenced by the increased incidence of money laundering in Zimbabwean financial markets. Furthermore, the inconsistent enforcement of financial market laws has resulted in poor liquidity and the recent suspension of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). The viability and integrity of the Zimbabwean financial market has thus been compromised. This article discusses the integration and use of robust technology in the Zimbabwean financial market to curb financial crimes such as money laundering and bank fraud. The adequacy of financial market laws and/or regulations will also be discussed vis-à-vis their consistent enforcement by relevant bodies such as the Financial Intelligence Inspectorate Evaluation Unit (FIU) in Zimbabwe. This is done to evaluate the use of technology to curb money laundering and promote a viable economy and financial market in Zimbabwe. It is submitted that the relevant authorities should promote the effective use of technological inventions like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to curb money laundering, bank fraud and other related financial crimes in Zimbabwe.
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Taonameso, Solomon, Lutendo Sylvia Mudau, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, and Natasha Potgieter. "Urban water conundrums in Zimbabwe – the role of water policy and its implementation gaps." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 3526–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.386.
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Abstract Zimbabwe's urban areas are experiencing a dearth of water services, which is epitomized by acute water shortages and high morbidity due to waterborne diseases. The possible contribution of failures of water policy implementation to this state of affairs is explored. This review identifies and assesses 122 studies in Zimbabwe and in other countries that have analyzed water policies, in order to understand the factors which create gaps in policy implementation. It was found that these implementation gaps are mainly a result of capacity limitations in institutions, finances, and social and technical/human resources. There is currently very limited literature available that analyses water policy in Zimbabwe. In order to overcome the water conundrums in Zimbabwe's urban areas it is recommended that a literature review combined with an empirical study of both qualitative and quantitative gaps between the Zimbabwe National Water Policy and its implementation be undertaken. In particular, the review and study should focus on capacity limitations in institutions, finances, and social and technical/human resources in Zimbabwe.
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Mlambo, Muzi. "A survey of the language situation in Zimbabwe." English Today 25, no. 2 (May 26, 2009): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409000145.
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ABSTRACTIs there a Zimbabwean variety of English? If so, who speaks it? Although Zimbabwe is a multilingual speech community, the Shona language, which is composed of dialects and sub-dialects, enjoys numerical dominance because it is spoken by the majority of the Zimbabweans. On the other hand, English, the official language, enjoys status dominance and it occupies a special position in the lives of many Zimbabweans. There is dispute, however, whether English in Zimbabwe is an interlanguage, and its speakers have adopted the native variety as a model, or whether it is better to observe that there are many varieties of English in Zimbabwe which are pragmatically identifiable as Zimbabwean, and that the vast majority of Zimbabweans appear to speak an English which reflects the linguistic characteristics of Shona.
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Zembe, Christopher Roy. "Migrating with Colonial and Post-Colonial Memories: Dynamics of Racial Interactions within Zimbabwe’s Minority Communities in Britain." Journal of Migration History 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00201002.
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Upon attaining independence on 18 April 1980, the Zimbabwean government was faced with the challenge of eradicating prejudices, which had been constructed during the colonial era. Whilst it is correct to accept that colonial Zimbabwe was beset with racial prejudices, which inhibited interracial interactions, it is also essential to recognise that post-colonial events triggered socialisation processes devoid of nation building. Therefore, by exploring the dynamics of interactions within Zimbabwe’s minority communities in Britain, the paper will unravel the impact of memories constructed during the different phases of Zimbabwe’s history. By focusing exclusively on Whites, Coloureds (mixed-race) and Asians, it will demonstrate that the Zimbabwean immigrant community in Britain is not a monolithic group of Blacks, but a racially diverse community. Analysing the diaspora interactions of communities considered more privileged than Blacks during the colonial era provides a perspective on the complexities of eradicating historically constructed racial prejudices.
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Sibanda, Lovemore. "Zimbabwe Language Policy: Continuity or Radical Change?" Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 14, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20355/jcie29377.
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The Zimbabwe government introduced a new language policy in education to change the colonial language policy seven years after attaining independence. So much was expected from the postcolonial language. The use of English as the media of instruction during the colonial era was problematic. It denied Africans to describe the world in their languages. Native languages were marginalized and neglected. Africans were robbed of their self-worth and identity. It is against this background that the Zimbabwean government African states after attaining independence and sovereignty pursued an agenda of linguistic decolonization. This paper evaluates the implementation of Zimbabwe's language policy after it gained independence from Britain in 1980. We argue that despite the claim by the Zimbabwe government that it is a revolutionary government which would completely overhaul all colonial structures, institutions, and policies, the implementation of the language policy is a continuity, rather a radical change. Colonial language policy fundamentals are intact and present in the current language policy. English is still the dominant language of instruction. Indigenous languages are considered inferior and on the verge of extinction. The policy failed where it matters most—decolonizing the mind. Zimbabwe needs a sound language policy in education to shake off vestiges of a colonial legacy, and allow children to go to school in their languages to achieve the overall goal of education for all. The language policy must be developed through a broad-based consultative process with specific implementation strategies and commitment by government and non-governmental agencies for funding its implementation.
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Maraire, Fungayi Promote, and Constantine Munhande. "Zimbabwe’s Youth Empowerment Programme and Poverty Alleviation amongst Youths in Gweru Urban District." Journal of Governance and Development (JGD), Number 2 (December 31, 2020): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.2.6.
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Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was a public-private partnership between the Government of Zimbabwe and some Zimbabwean financial institutions. The aim of the programme was to alleviate poverty amongst youths through the provision of micro credit. Established in 2009 as the panacea for Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment challenges, there is very little credible data on the performance and effectiveness of this noble intervention that was criticised by some as partisan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was able to achieve its main objective of alleviating poverty amongst the youths in Zimbabwe’s Gweru Urban District. The paper adopts a qualitative case study research design utilising both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was collected through semi- structured interviews with key informants as well as researcher observation. Secondary data was mainly obtained through searches of both physical and online libraries and repositories. Qualitative content analysis is the method used to analyse the data. The research findings reveal that the objectives of the programme were indeed relevant to the current challenges being faced by the youth in Zimbabwe. However, the programme had very little effect on youth poverty and unemployment in Gweru Urban District which remains high. Possible reasons for the limited effectiveness could be the fact that few youth projects were funded as compared to the number of youths that were in need of funding. The high rate of collapse of the youth projects funded coupled with the failure to sustain production levels achieved after accessing the loans also meant that chances of employment creation were limited. There were however, a few success stories noted by the study. The study recommends more training for beneficiaries if such programmes are to be more effective in future. This study is of significance as it adds to the existing body of knowledge the effectiveness of micro credit as a poverty alleviation strategy. Moreover, the paper is of importance to the Zimbabwe government and other development agents as it provides credible and perhaps more reliable accounts on the performance and effectiveness of Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme.
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Mwenje, Judy, and Vitalis Basera. "Business Excellence Models and External Stakeholders Influencing the Late Adoption of Quality Management Systems in Zimbabwe Hotel Industry." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10, no. 10(6) (December 31, 2021): 1848–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.196.
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The main objective of this paper was to determine business excellences and stakeholders influencing the late adoption of quality management systems in Zimbabwe hotel industry and suggest recommendation that encourages adoption of quality management systems. The study followed a multi case study approach, with 9 hotels from Harare chosen purposively to represent the hotel industry in Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to get data from hotel managers, key stakeholders and staff members. Directed content analysis was used to analyse data. The results revealed that hotels in Zimbabwe do not follow internationally recognised business excellence models. Five key external stakeholders – banks, Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, Tourism Business Council of Zimbabwe, Hospitality Association of Zimbabwe, tourists and Standard Association of Zimbabwe were identified to be influencing adoption of quality management systems in the hotel industry. The study recommended for the establishment of local business excellence models that are specific to hotels in Zimbabwe and for the government to avail accessible revolving bank loans for the hotels to invest towards quality management systems. The determination of the external stakeholders influencing late adoption of quality management systems in the hotel industry and use of business excellence models will help improve the adoption of QMSs under Zimbabwe's National Development Strategy 1 (NDS) to realise Vision 2030 "Towards a Prosperous and Empowered Upper Middle-Income Society".
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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The dynamics of capital market development in Zimbabwe." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art5.
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This paper takes stock of the achievements, the trends, as well as the challenges facing the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The study has been motivated by the recent debate on the role of stock market development in economic growth in developing countries. Apart from highlighting the role of stock market development, as well as the efficacy of the stock market in bolstering economic growth in Zimbabwe, the study also pinpoints some of the factors that limit the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The findings of this study show that the experience of Zimbabwe with stock market development, just as in many other developing countries, is mixed. In particular, the positive influence of stock market development on savings and investment remains low in Zimbabwe. While stock market development has been increasing, the country’s gross domestic savings and investment have been low and subsiding. This suggests that Zimbabwe’s gross national savings could be stock market development inelastic.
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Mabuto, Kudzai, and Umali Saidi. "Locating the nihilistic culture within Zimdancehall in contemporary Zimbabwe." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 2 (2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i2.46.
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A fusion of the Caribbean, African American and Zimbabwean music genres into the infamous glocalized Zimdancehall music has dulled the significance of other traditionalist Zimbabwean music genres. Dancehall culture has caused much controversy in Zimbabwean society, being blamed for the country’s increase in crime, violence and believed to encourage misogynistic attitudes among Zimbabwean youths through its negative themes. Using appraisal and dramatism theories the article shows the existential crisis the youth in Zimbabwe face due to economic as well as other social forces and thus align themselves to rather destructive misogynistic behaviours which somehow characterises contemporary Zimbabwe. Established in the article is the extent to which language used in Zimdancehall music is socially charged as well as globalized thus influencing youth feelings, emotions and behaviors. The article analyses lyrics of selected songs as well as makes references to selected musical videos from Zimdancehall artistes such as Soul Jah Love, Winky D, Lady Bee and Killer T as prominent artists revealing what has come to be considered contemporary ‘ghetto culture’ within popular culture in Zimbabwe. It is further argued that Zimdancehall has come to shape, inform behaviors, perceptions and aspirations of the Zimbabwean youth largely due to its nature of production as well as dissemination.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey, and Eunice Magumise. "The Effectiveness of Cyber Security Frameworks in Combating Terrorism in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Cyber Research and Education 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcre.2020010101.
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This study investigated the effectiveness of Zimbabwe's cyber security frameworks in combating terrorism. Media reports and scholarly evidence have constantly shown that cybercrime has led to loss of life, money, security, damage to property. There is a lot of concern among citizens of African countries such as Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Nigeria that their governments are not equipped with effective cyber security systems to combat these cyber threats. It is on the basis of these concerns that this study was carried out with the hope of helping to close policy and knowledge gaps affecting the effectiveness of the cyber security frameworks of Zimbabwe. The study used qualitative methodology and a case study research design was utilised. The study was conducted in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. Key informant interviews and documentary search were used to collect data. Among the findings of the study were that cyber fraud and theft are some of the significant cyber security threats in Zimbabwe; that Zimbabwe lacks established legislation and other regulatory institutions for cyber-security. Among the recommendations are; that the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs enacts cyber security laws in Zimbabwe to combat cyber terrorism.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Elfas Torerai. "Policy implications and mobile money regulatory approaches to promote financial inclusion of the poor in Zimbabwe after the COVID-19 pandemic." De Jure 55, no. 1 (August 14, 2023): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2023/v56a17.
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The increased usage of digital financial products and financial services such as mobile money brought various challenges and opportunities in Zimbabwe during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This has also increased the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities in the Zimbabwean financial sector. The financial regulators were inadequately prepared for the regulatory demands of financial technology (fintech) products in Zimbabwe. For instance, they struggled to cope with the increased responsibilities of overseeing mobile money operators and have adequate resources to efficiently monitor and manage such operators to ensure compliance with the relevant laws. Most Zimbabwean financial regulators did not have sufficient resources to employ persons with the relevant skills and expertise to fulfil their responsibilities. Despite this, the widespread use of mobile money has considerably improved the financial inclusion of the poor and previously unbanked persons, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe. Consequently, various policy implications and mobile money regulatory approaches that were considered by policymakers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe in a bid to provide adequate supervision of mobile money operators and related digital financial services to curb the financial exclusion of the poor and unbanked persons are investigated. It is against this background that this article discusses the challenges, policy implications, and flaws affecting the adoption of viable mobile money regulatory approaches to promote financial inclusion of the poor in Zimbabwe after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ngwenya, Bigboy, Jacques Oosthuizen, Martyn Cross, Kwasi Frimpong, and Cynthia Nombulelo Chaibva. "A Review of Heat Stress Policies in the Context of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Outdoor Workers." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2018010101.
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Record-breaking summer heat events are increasing in frequency in Zimbabwe and 2016 was a particularly hot year with the country experiencing its worst heat wave event in decades. Currently, Zimbabwe has no coordinated public health response to deal with heat wave events and no specific data on heat-related morbidity and mortality. The country has no legislation for protecting workers against environmental heat exposure, particularly those most vulnerable who are employed in the informal sector. These workers are also at risk due to their outdoor work environments. The article outlines the state of climate and heat stresses in Zimbabwe, as benchmarked against other African countries and France. It further summarizes outdoor workers' susceptibility to heat exposure and the need for the Zimbabwean Government to develop policies to ensure the health and safety of an increasing population of outdoor workers in Zimbabwe.
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Murombo, Tumai. "The Effectiveness of Initiatives to Promote Good Governance, Accountability and Transparency in the Extractives Sector in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 60, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 230–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855316000061.
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AbstractThe regulation of the extractives sector in Zimbabwe has recently come under scrutiny due to the uncertain social, economic and political environment. Zimbabwe's mining sector was under colonial legislation for a long time and that legislation has recently been reviewed. Existing extractives sector laws do not adequately promote transparency and accountability, an issue recognized by stakeholders throughout the mining sector. The advent of the new constitution and law reform processes indicates Zimbabwe's intention to incorporate good governance, transparency and accountability provisions in the mining sector. State driven reforms have been inspired by global and local civil society initiatives. Analysis shows that, for various reasons, the government does not readily embrace such initiatives, which are important drivers of official policy and legal reforms. Zimbabwean environmental civil society groups have been exceptional in this regard.
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Forbes, Kabote, Vengesayi Sebastian, Mapingure Charity, Mirimi Kumbirai, Chimutingiza Felistus, and Mataruse Rumbidzai. "Employee perceptions of Dollarization and the Hospitality Industry Performance." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 02, no. 10 (November 3, 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120210a03.
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The research was conducted to explore the employee understanding of the effects of dollarization on the performance of the hospitality industry in Zimbabwe. Using a qualitative research philosophy data was collected from 25 people using semi structured questionnaires in one of Zimbabwe’s renowned tourism resort, (Nyanga). Three key themes emerged that dollarization led to employee motivation, led to a positive social change and has led to improved economic performance of the country. The researchers concluded that dollarization had a positive impact on the performance of the hospitality industry in Zimbabwe and recommended that it should be allowed to continue in Zimbabwe for the good of the industry and the people.
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Sylvester, Christine. "Unities and Disunities in Zimbabwe's 1990 Election." Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00054616.
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In 1985 the Zimbabwean national election presented voters with a drama of pretence. The Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front), known as Z.A.N.U. (P.F.), the party in power, issued a manifesto for ‘unity of the working people in the advance of a just Socialist Society’; meanwhile its candidates routinely cast aspersions on (working) people who supported the major rival party, the Patriotic Front–Zimbabwe African People's Union (P.F.-Z.A.P.U.). The latter defensively called for a unified effort to ensure that multi-party liberalism would prevail in Zimbabwe; it then implicitly endorsed most of the principles of social balance through growth with equity which its alleged ‘Marxist–Leninist’ opponents had instituted.
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Wellington, Teya, and Kurebwa Jeffrey. "The Effectiveness of State and Non-State Actors in Combating Human Trafficking and Ensuring Safe Migration Concerns of Zimbabwean Women." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.55.42.52.
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This study focuses on the effectiveness of State and Non-state actors in combating human trafficking and ensuring safe migration of Zimbabwean women. The study relied on qualitative research methodology while data was gathered through primary and documentary search. Respondents were purposively selected from victims of human trafficking and organisations that deal with combating human trafficking. These included IOM, Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Human Trafficking Desk, Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. The study revealed that human trafficking in Zimbabwe thrives under conditions of vulnerability which are caused by various factors ranging from poverty, limited educational opportunities, poor economic conditions, gender and age. A strong relationship between Government and NGOs’ inadequate adherence to the Palermo Protocol standards and escalation of human trafficking was also exposed. Though Zimbabwean has several laws that deals with human trafficking, implementation of these laws still remains a challenge. This has contributed to the escalation of human trafficking cases from Zimbabwe to neighbouring countries, particularly South Africa.
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Cheater, Angela. "The ideology of ‘communal’ land tenure in Zimbabwe: Mythogenesis enacted?" Africa 60, no. 2 (April 1990): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160332.
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Opening ParagraphLand is widely regarded as central to the politics of both colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe. Land was, ostensibly, the core issue over which the liberation struggle was waged. On the successful redistribution of land, in Shamuyarira's (1984: 8) view, will depend ‘the future reputation and credibility of the new socio-economic and political order among the Zimbabwean masses’. Land, then, is ‘vital’ (ibid.) to both leaders and led in Zimbabwe.
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Mutenga, Marian, and Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad. "Assesing Economic Policies in Zimbabwe The Growth with equity policy 1981." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v11i4.786.
Full textAbstract:
There are various economic policies implemented in Zimbabwe to improve the socio-economic standards of the nation. The current article only focuses on the Growth with Equity Policy. The article assesses that the pre-independence policies in Zimbabwe were biased towards enrichment of the minority colonial regime. In Zimbabwe when it gained independence, a number of economic policies were put into place with an emphasis on equity-based socioeconomic growth. In order to correct historical inequities and promote social justice and inclusion for all Zimbabweans, it was also intended to offer parity and balance. Nevertheless, despite the Zimbabwean government's implementation of several economic measures since 1980, the country's economic status deteriorated and is continuing deteriorating as a result of adverse economic indicators.There ought to be something that has not yet been identified that has led to some Zimbabwean policies being abandoned soon after conception or midway through their life span, while others seem to have achieved less than expected. The findings are critical for the Government of Zimbabwe to advise the stakeholders accordingly on the principal factors that need to be done that will ultimately lead to the attainment of the desired goals. The study recommends areas which might need change management.
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Bakasa, Takudzwa. "A spotlight the Zimbabwe National Health Policy (2016-2020)." Journal of Public Health and Diseases 3, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jphd2020.061.
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This study examines the national health strategy employed by the Zimbabwean government for the period 2016-2020. The study is structured in a manner that it provides a conceptualisation of the issues under discussion then probes into the situation under which the strategy was adopted, the priority areas identified by the strategy in conjunction with the implementation strategy. The study also probes into the challenges that have constrained the implementation of the strategy thus far and highlights the recommendations under which Zimbabwe’s health system may achieve its objectives. From a snapshot, the context involves transformation from a highly centralised, segregatory and urban based health care systems to a more equitable health care system with presence in rural communities. The priority areas under discussion include, communicable and non-communicable diseases, disaster preparedness, prevention and risk mitigation. The paper is a desk-based review of the Zimbabwe National Health Strategy as well as other government documents, academic literature, information published on audio-visual, paper-based and online media platforms. The use of key words was fundamental in conducting the study, and online articles dating back to 2016 were reviewed. In addition, academic literature was mainly used to discuss the broader public health context in Zimbabwe, during the period under review. From evidence gathered the article is inclined toward the view that the Government of Zimbabwe has lost track in the implementation of the ZNHS, and unless drastic measures are taken, the targets set-forth within the strategy remain far from being realised.