Dissertations / Theses: 'Zikav'

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Nastasja, Palombi. "Broad antiviral compounds targeting viral envelope: synthesis and pre-clinical studies." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1096254.

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The majority of viral pathogens that cause emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are membrane-enveloped viruses. In this thesis work a new series of antiviral compounds, with 1H-pyrrol-methylene thioxodihydropyrimidine structure, were designed and synthesized. They were endowed with antiviral activity on enveloped viruses, likely ZIKAV, DENV-2, and five influenza virus strains, including the pandemic H7N9 model. The intriguing mechanism of action was pursued and confirmed the hypothesis of compounds able to intercalate in the viral lipid envelope membrane and to oxidize phospholipids, impairing the physical and chemical structure of the viral membrane and impacting the fusion of viral and cell membranes. With the aim of investigating in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical features, compounds were assayed for their chemical-physical properties. Finally, a preliminary in vivo PK was assessed.

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Persona, Michelli Romanoli. "Estudo comparativo entre testes sorológico para diagnóstico específico da infecção pelo vírus zika." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-19072018-134353/.

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No Brasil a confirmação do primeiro caso de febre zika, resultante da infecção pelo vírus zika (ZIKV), foi no primeiro semestre de 2015, na região nordeste. Os achados característicos eram de uma doença que apresentava sintomas semelhantes aos sintomas causados pelo vírus dengue (DENV), porém mais amenos, sendo inicialmente denominada de \"Síndrome Dengue-Like\". Além desta semelhança no quadro clínico, ZIKV e os DENV são arboviroses endêmicas no Brasil e pertencem à mesma família viral, sendo muito próximos filogeneticamente, resultando em uma forte reação cruzada entre os anticorpos induzidos por estas infecções. O diagnóstico específico para o ZIKV requer cuidados uma vez que o DENV circula há muito mais tempo no Brasil e muitas pessoas já são imunes para, no mínimo, um sorotipo da doença. Desta forma, anticorpos contra os DENV nos testes sorológicos podem reagir inespecificamente contra o ZIKV, originando um resultado falso-positivo. As maneiras para diferenciar as duas doenças são o isolamento e a detecção do RNA viral durante a fase aguda da doença e dos anticorpos neutralizantes durante a fase de convalescença. Atualmente com a escassez de testes registrados pela ANVISA e a dificuldade em diferenciar as duas viroses usando testes sorológicos, amostras bem caracterizadas e confirmadas quanto à infecção pelo ZIKV foram utilizadas para o teste de comparação com vários kits comerciais aprovados ou não pela ANVISA, para detecção de anticorpos. Estas amostras também foram testadas por um ensaio soro-molecular padronizado e desenvolvido no Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. In Brazil, the first case of zika fever, resulting from zika virus (ZIKV) infection, was confirmed in the first half of 2015, in the northeast region. The characteristic findings were of a disease that presented symptoms similar to the symptoms caused by dengue viruses (DENV), but milder, being initially called \"Dengue-Like Syndrome\". Although this similarity in the clinical presentation, ZIKV and (DENV) are arboviruses endemic in Brazil and belonging to the same viral family, being very close phylogenetically, and resulting in a strong cross-reaction between the antibodies induced by these infections. The specific diagnosis for ZIKV requires careful evaluation since DENV has been circulating much longer in Brazil and many people are already immune to at least one serotype of the disease. Thus, the antibodies against DENV may react non-specifically against ZIKV in serological tests, resulting in a false-positive result. The ways to differentiate the two diseases are the isolation and detection of viral RNA during the acute phase of the disease and the neutralizing antibodies during the convalescent phase. Actually, with the scarcity of tests registered by ANVISA and the difficulty in differentiating the two viruses using serological tests, well-characterized and confirmed samples for ZIKV infection were used for the comparison of several commercial kits for detection of antibodies approved or not by ANVISA. These samples were tested by a standardized serummolecular assay developed at the Molecular Virology Laboratory.

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RODRIGUES, F. M. G. S. "DIVERSIDADE Genética do Zika Virus no Estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7119.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:35:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12070_Dissertação_Fernanda Mariano Garcia.pdf: 3239009 bytes, checksum: d9dfe15fc9ef8127dc0144cec5fa3160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 O Zika virus (ZIKV) é um arbovírus do gênero Flavivirus pertencente à família Flaviviridae. Duas principais linhagens são reconhecidas, Asiática e Africana, sendo a linhagem Asiática encontrada no Brasil. Os sintomas da infecção de ZIKV geralmente são brandos, mas existem relatos de casos de óbitos e manifestações neurológicas. Variações genéticas virais estão relacionadas com as diferenças nas manifestações clínicas da doença, portanto pesquisas sobre o genoma, filogenia e distribuição geográfica do vírus podem esclarecer como essas variações afetam a manifestação clínica do ZIKV, além de servir para o desenvolvimento de produtos biotecnológicos. Apesar da importância, poucos estudos avaliam as variações genéticas virais. Este estudo realizou uma abordagem epidemiológica e filogenética a nível populacional que analisou a diversidade genética do ZIKV no Espírito Santo (ES), e as relações filogenéticas das cepas de ZIKV identificadas com sequências virais disponíveis no GenBank. Constatou-se que os municípios de Vitória, Cariacica e Cachoeiro de Itapemirim foram os mais afetados, sendo a linhagem Asiática a circulante no ES, assim como no restante do país. Foram encontradas 4 variações em 2 genes estudados, no gene E A1023G e C1050T e no gene NS5 C1891T e T1945C. As variações A1023T e C1891T foram descritas pela primeira vez em linhagens Asiáticas neste trabalho, e as variações C1050T e T1945C foram descritas anteriormente em linhagem Asiática apenas uma vez em uma sequência do Rio de Janeiro e três sequências na China, respectivamente. Por fim, apesar das variações genéticas encontradas nas sequências do ES não estarem associadas à mudança de aminoácidos, não se pode descartar que outras mudanças, seja em ligações entre enzimas e o RNA, seja na estrutura das proteínas finais, podem ser causadas por essas variações. Os resultados apresentados podem ser úteis a futuros trabalhos permitindo uma expansão da base de dados apresentando uma visão mais clara da epidemiologia do ZIKV, o que poderá ajudar a determinar a origem geográfica de um novo surto e, além disso, monitorar a eficácia das medidas de controle.

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Holt, Jim. "Zika Virus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6468.

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Zvenigorodska, G., and Iu Vyzhga. "Congenital Zika syndrome." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64469.

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Zika вірусна інфекція – актуальна проблема сьогодення, що має значні негативні наслідки у вагітних жінок. Вроджений Zika синдром характеризується в першу чергу мікроцефалією, аномаліями розвитку, порушенням зору і слуху. Zika virus infection is among the nationally notifiable diseases all over the world. In March 2016, the WHO reported that Zika virus was actively circulating in 38 countries and territories. Spain has recorded the first case in Europe of a baby born with the microcephaly birth defect associated with the Zika virus in 2016.

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Neel, Kelly Lynn, and Kelly Lynn Neel. "Zika Outbreak Concern in Border Communities: Zika Virus Dissemination Prevention Program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625108.

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The rapid and vast expansion of Zika virus in the Americas has heightened interest in members of the health sciences community, including public health agencies and officials. Concern of a future Zika outbreak in the United States is imminent. Prior studies, in combination with surveys administered by the author, suggest that mosquito avoidance behaviors could use improvement, especially in areas of high susceptibility of mosquito-borne illness dissemination. Border communities often face more health-related complications due to lack of appropriate resources, indicating the need for preventive education in these areas. The purpose of this thesis is to bring awareness to this outbreak potential, as well as providing a comprehensive health educational unit plan for high school students on the Tohono O’odham reservation in Southern Arizona. Focusing on awareness and emphasis on mosquito avoidance behaviors are crucial methods that must be implemented in these communities to reduce the chances of both travel-related and autochthonous Zika development and transmission.

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Lee, Wai Suet. "Discovery of Novel Markers of Virus Transmission by Mosquitoes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/390018.

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Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Current vector control strategies have been impeded by mosquitoes acquiring resistance to insecticide. Therefore, development of new vector control strategies is urgently needed to complement current strategies. In this thesis, efforts have focused on characterizing the glycan-lectin interactions of Ross River virus (RRV; Togaviridae: Alphavirus) with their mosquito vectors. RRV is the most common arbovirus in Australia that causes clinical manifestations including arthralgia and myalgia. Many studies have shown the importance of viral surface glycans in mediating viral entry into host cells. Moreover, the viral surface glycans varies depending on the cells that they replicate in and this variation can affect the infectivity of virus. However, gaps remain in the role of viral glycans in virus host cell recognition. In Chapter 2, the surface glycans of RRV derived from two different cell lines, C6/36 (Ae. albopictus) and Vero (African green monkey kidney) were characterized using lectin array. Lectin array data revealed that RRV derived from two different cell lines exhibited similar glycan profiles. The glycan structures present on the surface of RRV are mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). To investigate the importance of these viral surface glycans in mediating viral entry into host cells, six lectins targeting these glycan structures were assessed for their ability to bind and block RRV entry into host cells. Of these lectins, two mannose-binding lectins, GNA and ConA, showed inhibition of RRV entry into C6/36 and Vero cells. These results suggest the potential use of mannose-binding lectins to block RRV transmission by mosquitoes. It is well known that cell surface glycans or lectins play important role in viral entry. Therefore, comprehensive surface glycan profiles and carbohydrate-binding characteristics of lectins from five mosquito cell lines were established in Chapter 3. Using lectin and glycan arrays, our results showed differences between the glycan structures and carbohydrate-binding characteristics of mosquito cell lines. In particular, complex-type glycans were detected on the cell surface of Ae. albopictus and An. gambiae. The presence of complex-type glycans as authentic constituents of insect glycans is still controversial and this is an important finding as complex-type glycans play diverse roles in regulation of biological functions. Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted by the Aedes (Ae) mosquito, with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus being the primary vectors. However, controversial findings on the potential of other mosquito species belonging to the genera of Anopheles (An) and Culex (Cx) have been reported. To date, the rationale underlying the specificity of ZIKV in infecting Aedes mosquitoes remain to be an unaddressed issue. In Chapter 4, we seek to characterize the susceptibility of seven cell lines derived from Ae, An and Cx mosquitoes towards ZIKV infection. Indeed, Ae cell lines were permissive to ZIKV infection and supported viral replication up to seven days post infection, while cells lines from An and Cx mosquitoes were unable to support replication. To specifically address if non-susceptible cell lines were due to the incompetence of ZIKV in establishing viral entry, a pseudoZIKV replicon system was utilized. Interestingly, while all Ae cell lines were highly susceptible to pseudoZIKV infection, the non-susceptible An. gambiae cell line (4a-3B) was also highly permissive to pseudoZIKV entry, in contrast to other An and Cx cell lines tested. Therefore, to identify the host factors involved in ZIKV replication in mosquito cells, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis was performed on ZIKV-susceptible Ae and non-susceptible An cells after infection. Through comparative transcriptomics approach, we observed a differential regulation of attacin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that may potentially play a critical role in modulating ZIKV replication in mosquito cells. Further investigations on the expression profile of different classes of AMPs including attacin, cecropin, defensin, diptericin and gambicin in Aedes; and attacin, cecropin, defensin and gambicin in Anopheles cells by qRT-PCR demonstrated that these AMPs were differentially regulated in ZIKV-susceptible and -resistant mosquito cells. These results suggest that the innate immunity may have a role to influence mosquito vector competence. Species specificity often relies on a specific interaction between a virus ligand and its host cell receptor. Therefore, expression levels of the receptor largely determine the tropisms of viruses. In Chapter 5, we constructed a representative cDNA library from the ZIKV-susceptible Ae. aegypti Aag-2 cell line using the SMART (Switching Mechanism At 5’ end of RNA Template) cDNA synthesis technology. This library will be a useful tool to provide genetic resources for many applications using the proposed strategy including identification of the cellular surface receptors for ZIKV viral entry and host factors required for sustained ZIKV replication in Aedes cells. Overall, this thesis provides in depth investigations into the glycan-lectin interactions between RRV and their mosquito vectors that may affect vector competence. Our study also identified the potential antiviral lectins that can block virus transmission. Finally, our study shed insights into the host factors involved in modulating ZIKV replication, providing a molecular platform for the future development of effective vector control and to evaluate the risk of emergence of a new vector for mosquito-transmitted viruses. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Institute for Glycomics Griffith Health Full Text

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Izuagbe, Rhys E. "A prostate cell line model of persistent Zika virus infection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/129570/1/Rhys_Izuagbe_Thesis.pdf.

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This study investigates how Zika virus can persist and replicate in the human prostate. It establishes a human prostate cell line model to address this question and examines the replication of three different virus strains in the cells. It also characterises the gene expression changes that occur in prostate cells during persistent Zika virus infection.

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Towers, Victoria, and Victoria Towers. "Zika Virus: Patient Education Recommendations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625230.

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As the current growing threat to maternal-fetal health, the most recent and largest outbreak of the Zika virus has introduced the devastating fetal effects of microcephaly and other central nervous system deficits. Therefore, the need for appropriate recognition, treatment, management, and prevention of the Zika virus prompts the necessity for further education and high quality level research to be conducted and utilized. A search of the literature using the databases PubMed, UptoDate, and CINAHL was conducted for articles published between 2009 and 2016. In addition, key informant interviews from various specialties including clinical genetics and public health were conducted. The proposed best practice recommendations for education regarding the Zika virus and appropriate prevention and treatment methods are outlined in an electronic education module that would be delivered to patients and their families prior to visiting their healthcare providers. As the Zika virus continues to spread and further research is conducted regarding its teratogenic effects, the need for concise and effective education is critical in order to raise awareness and conversely decrease the potential for maternal exposure and adverse fetal outcomes.

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Chow, Wai-chun. "On the relationship between the prose and comics of Feng Zikai Feng Zikai san wen yu man hua chuang zuo guan xi yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40717380.

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Maucourant, Christopher. "Caractérisation du découplage des fonctions des cellules natural killer au cours des infections par les virus de la dengue, du zika et du chikungunya Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells HLA-C-restricted viral epitopes are associated with an escape mechanism from KIR2DL2+ NK cells in Lassa virus infection." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS274.

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L'histoire récente à été marquée par des épidémies récentes de dengue (Denv), Chikungunya (CHIKV) et Zika (ZIKV). Bien que ces maladies soient largement asymptomatiques, elles peuvent générer de sérieuses complications comme des formes chroniques d'arthralgies et peuvent causer des hémorragies pouvant conduire au décès (Majoritairement DENV), des microcéphalies (Maj. ZIKV) et des Syndromes de Guillain-Barré (Zikv et Chikv). Ces épidémies récentes ont poussé l'OMS à classer ces maladies comme maladies à déclaration obligatoire. A ce jour aucun traitement spécifique existe contre ces maladies rendant prioritaire la compréhension de l'immunité dirigée contre ces virus. Bien que peu de choses soient connues sur l'immunité dirigée contre ces virus, certaines études ont montré le rôle de l'immunité innée dans la clairance de ces infections. Parmi les cellules de l'immunité innée on trouve les cellules Natural Killer qui ont la capacité de s'activer sans immunisation préalable via la reconnaissance de molécules de stresse. Une fois activées, ces cellules ont la capacité de produire des cytokines afin d'induire l'activation de l'immunité adaptatives et de tuer les cellules infectées. Les premiers travaux menés au laboratoire ont montré un découplage des fonctions NK au cours de ces infections : Cytoxicité uniquement au cours des infections par CHIKV, production de cytokines au cours des infections par DENV. Nous nous sommes intéressé à créer des modèles d'étude des interactions entre les cellules NK et des cibles infectées par ces virus afin de caractériser les couples ligands/récepteurs mis en jeu ainsi que les voies de signalisation impliquées dans ce découplage fonctionnel Recent history has been marked by recent epidemics of dengue fever (Denv), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV). Although these diseases are largely asymptomatic, they can generate serious complications such as chronic forms of arthralgia and can cause hemorrhages that can lead to death (mainly DENV), microcephalies (Mainly ZIKV) and Guillain-Barré Syndromes (Zikv and Chikv). These recent epidemics have prompted WHO to classify these diseases as notifiable diseases. To date, no specific treatment exists against these diseases, making it a priority to understand the immunity directed against these viruses. Although little is known about immunity against these viruses, some studies have shown the role of innate immunity in the clearance of these infections. Among the innate immunity cells : Natural Killer cells have the ability to be activated without prior immunization via the recognition of stress molecules. Once activated, these cells have the ability to produce cytokines to induce the activation of adaptive immunity and can kill infected cells. Initial work in the laboratory showed a decoupling of NK functions during these infections: Cytoxicity only during CHIKV infections, cytokine production during DENV infections. We have been interested in creating models to study interactions between NK cells and targets infected with these viruses in order to characterize the ligand/receptor pairs involved and in order to characterize the signalling pathways involved in this functional decoupling

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Levy, Blitchtein Saul, and Valle Mendoza Juana Mercedes Del. "Zika virus is arriving at the American continent." Elsevier B.V, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620620.

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Messias, Thiago Silva. "Investigação sorológica, molecular e filogenética do Zika virus." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181074.

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Orientador: Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira Resumo: O Zika virus (ZIKV) é um flavivírus transmitido por mosquito que causa Febre Zika e está associado às Malformações Congênitas e Síndrome de Guillain-Barré integrando a lista de agentes etiológicos que são um problema de saúde pública internacional. Apresentamos uma investigação sorológica e molecular do ZIKV em amostras humanas na região de Bauru do estado de São Paulo, Brasil a fim de contribuir na determinação dos primeiros casos de infecção de ZIKV nos locais do estudo. Foi realizada a investigação sorológica por técnica de imunocromatografia em 2000 amostras Dengue virus negativas referentes aos anos de 2014-2016, sendo 159 (7,9%) positivas para ZIKV, evidenciando que a circularização do ZIKV na região de estudo teve início em 2014. Foi investigado pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase quantitativa por transcrição reversa a presença de ácido ribonucleico (RNA) do ZIKV nas 159 amostras positivas a nível sorológico. Porém o RNA viral não foi detectável. Esse resultado negativo quanto a molecular a partir de soro reforça a possibilidade de aderência do ZIKV em eritrócitos. Esses achados levantam o questionamento se outros membros do gênero Flavivirus possuem o mesmo potencial. Para complementar os dados realizamos uma análise filogenética da espécie ZIKV. Com o propósito de geração de hipóteses referentes a sua dinâmica de distribuição no Brasil. Para tal utilizamos os bancos de dados, algoritmos e parâmetros presentes nos softwares Virus Pathogen Resource e MEGA7. ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Zika Fever and is associated with Congenital Malformations and Guillain-Barré Syndrome, which has been declared an international public health problem by the World Health Organization. We conduct a serological and molecular investigation of ZIKV in human samples in the Bauru region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to contribute to the determination of the first cases of ZIKV infection in the study sites. Serological investigation was made by immunochromatography technique performed in 2000 Dengue virus negative samples referring to the years 2014-2016, 159 (7.9%) was positive for ZIKV, evidencing that the circularization of ZIKV in the region of study began in 2014. The presence of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the 159 serologically positive samples was investigated by the Quantitative Reverse Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. All did not show detectable RNA. This molecular negative result from serum enhances the possibility of ZIKV adhesion in erythrocytes. These findings raise the question of whether other flaviviruses have the same potential. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of the ZIKV species. With the purpose of generating hypotheses referring to its distribution dynamics. For this we use the databases, algorithms and parameters present in the software Virus Pathogen Resource and MEGA7. Our evidence allows us to infer that the ZIKV presents a possible adaptation in the Northeast Region ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Woolley, Michael E. "Development and Characterization of Reporter-Expressing Zika Viruses." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7225.

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In recent years, Zika virus (ZIKV) has garnered worldwide attention due to its epidemic spread throughout the Americas and due to the newly recognized link between ZIKV infection and neurological diseases, including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. ZIKV is a mosquito-borne member of the genus Flavivirus, which includes the other prominent human pathogens Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. Many questions about the biology of ZIKV and how it causes disease remain unanswered. Furthermore, there currently are no vaccines or licensed antiviral drugs available to treat ZIKV infection. The goal of this study was to create new tools to aid in ZIKV research and in the creation of new therapies for ZIKV infection. To accomplish this, we created two recombinant ZIKVs–one expressing a green fluorescent protein reporter gene and the other expressing a luciferase reporter gene. These additional genes will allow us to easily visualize infected cells and to precisely track levels of viral replication over time, thereby facilitating new experimental approaches and providing a means to gain insights about ZIKV. We believe that these two new versions of ZIKV will prove to be useful tools in the urgent task of better understanding how ZIKV causes disease and its links to other complications, as well as in the process of developing and testing new treatments to combat ZIKV infection.

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Laureillard-Wendland, Marie. "Feng Zikai (1898-1975), peinture et littérature, image et texte." Paris 4, 2006. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343135861.

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L’artiste chinois Feng Zikai (1898-1975) appartient pleinement à son époque en créant une forme de dessin rapide et simple parfaitement adapté à la presse, en plein essor dans la métropole moderne qu’est la Shanghai des années trente. Réalisé à l’encre et au pinceau, mêlant caractéristiques occidentales et chinoises, le manhua est un art que Feng considère lui-même comme situé à mi-chemin entre la peinture et la littérature, car porteur d’une signification que précise la légende. Celui-ci se combine bien souvent à l’écriture d’essais « familiers » (xiaopinwen), forme littéraire également libre et concise. L’objet de cette étude est de montrer en quoi le dynamisme de l’oeuvre d’un artiste comme Feng Zikai trouve son origine dans ce dialogue entre le texte et l’image, dont plusieurs aspects sont envisagés et qui conduit à un troisième niveau de signification The Chinese artist Feng Zikai (1898-1975) really belongs to his time by creating a kind of fast and simple drawing, which is perfectly suited to journals, in full expansion in the modern metropolis of Shanghai in the thirties. Made with ink and brush, in a style which is both Chinese and Western, the manhua is an art midway between painting and literature, because it has a precise meaning thanks to the caption. The manhua is very often combined with the writing of “familiar” essays (xiaopinwen), literary form which is also concise and casual. The aim of this study is to show how the dynamism of the work of an artist like Feng Zikai originates from the dialogue between pictures and texts, whose several sides we analyse and which produces a third level of meaning

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Weilg, Claudia, Lucinda Troyes, Zoila Villegas, et al. "Detection of Zika virus infection among asymptomatic pregnant women in the North of Peru." BioMed Central Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624624.

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Objective: To report an outbreak of ZIKV infection among asymptomatic pregnant women during 2016 in the city of Jaen, Cajamarca. Results: Zika virus RNA was detected in 3.2% (n = 36) of cases by RT-PCR. The mean age of patients positive for ZIKV infection was 29.6 years. 7 patients (19.4%) infected with ZIKV were in their first-trimester of gestation, 13 (36.1%) were in their second-trimester, and 16 (44%) were in their third-trimester. All of the infected pregnant women were asymptomatic. ZIKV infection remains a major public health issue that calls for constant epidemiological surveillance. It can cause the congenital Zika virus syndrome in the newborns of infected mothers. The lack of molecular diagnostic methods in isolated localities and the similarity of symptoms to other arboviral infections, lead to an under-diagnosis of this disease in endemic areas. Revisión por pares

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Frejd, Rebecka. "Vad är känt om Zikavirusets spridning, dess kliniska bild, patogenes, morfologi, diagnostik samt behandling?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65398.

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Zikaviruset är ett virus som fått stor uppmärksamhet i framför allt Sydamerika från 2015 och framåt då allt fler fall uppmärksammats. Detta arbete har utförts som en litteraturstudie med mål att sammanfatta kunskapsläget kring Zikavirusets morfologi, spridning, historia, komplikationer, diagnostik samt rådande behandlingsmöjligheter. Som källor används information från Folkhälsomyndigheten, CDC, PAHO och WHO samt MeSH-sökningar via PubMed. Viruset tillhör familjen Flaviviridae. Liknande andra virus i samma grupp kan infektionen ge feber, makulopapulösa hudutslag, konjunktivit, ledvärk, huvudvärk och myalgi. Det beskrevs först redan på slutet av 1940-talet i Afrika och har sedan rapporterats ha spridit sig till Asien, Oceanien, Stilla havsöarna och nu senast med utbrott i Sydamerika. Virusinfektionen har blivit mycket omdiskuterad då allt mer bevis kunnat läggas fram för att den kan leda till Guillain-Barrés syndrom samt även utöva teratogena effekter med mikrocefali som följd. Man har kartlagt spridning framför allt via myggarten Aedes men bevis finns även för att sexuell spridning kan ske samt att sjukdomen förefaller även kunna spridas från mor till foster. Diagnostiken baseras på RT-PCR och serologiska tester. I nuläget finns ingen aktiv behandling. Sammanfattningsvis har Zikavirus spridit sig snabbt genom Syd- och latinamerika sista åren och visat sig utgöra ett hot mot folkhälsan i dessa områden varför ett framtagande av ett fungerande vaccin är önskvärt.

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Ruiz, Arroyo Víctor Manuel. "Structural and functional analysis of Zika Virus NS5 protein." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671922.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and constitute an important public health concern since ZIKV infection produced devastating effects in new born infants. Flaviviruses present a positive sense single stranded RNA genome flanked by highly structured untranslated regions (UTR) carrying one open reading frame that codifies for three structural proteins (C, prM, E) and five nonstructural proteins (NS1-5). At the most C-terminal end, NS5 protein carries a RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a methyl transferase domain (MTase) for genome copying and 5’ capping activities of the newly synthesized RNA, respectively. Given the crucial role of this enzyme for viral replication, NS5 constitutes an attractive antiviral target to inhibit viral replication. In this study, we determined the structure of the ZIKV NS5 protein using X-Ray crystallography combined with several structural biology approaches to characterize the supramolecular arrangement of the ZIKV NS5 protein. We identified the monomer-monomer and dimer-diner interactions to form fibril-like structures, and evaluated the role of oligomer formation, using in-vitro polymerization assays. We also evaluated the in-vivo effect of NS5-oligomerisation in chicken embryos, stablishing a connection between this protein and microcephaly. One of the most important RNA structures present at the 5’UTR of flavivirus genomes is the 5SLA. This structure was identified previously to bind the NS5 protein, acting as a promoter and being essential for viral replication. We assayed and optimized the NS5-5SLA complex stability using biophysical and biochemical techniques and determined the structure of the complex by single particle cryo-EM. Comparisons between the NS5-5SLA complex and the NS5 crystallographic structure revealed for the first time in flavivirus, important conformational changes in the NS5 RdRP. We identified the residues involved in complex formation and characterized the effect of this binding on NS5 polymerization, shedding new light on the understanding of replication mechanisms in flaviviruses. El virus Zika (ZIKV) pertenece a la familia Flaviviridae y constituye una amenaza para la salud pública, especialmente debido a las malformaciones provocadas en neonatos. Los flavivirus presentan un genoma RNA de simple cadena con polaridad positiva, flanqueado por regiones no traducidas (UTR) que presentan una elevada estructura secundaria, seguido de una región codificante para una única poliproteína que por proteólisis dará lugar a tres proteínas estructurales (C, prM, E) y cinco proteinas no estructurales (NS1-5). En el extremo C-terminal se encuentra la proteina NS5 que presenta actividad ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN (RdRP) y un dominio metil-transferasa (MTase) para copiar el genoma y añadir una caperuza al extremo 5’ del nuevo ARN sintetizado, respectivamente. Dado el papel crucial de este enzima en la replicación viral, la proteina NS5 constituye una diana antiviral muy atractiva para inhibir la replicación del virus. En este estudio, determinamos la estructura de la proteína NS5 de ZIKV, usando cristalografía de Rayos-X combinada con diferentes técnicas biofísicas para caracterizar la organización supramolecular de la proteína. Identificamos las interacciones monomero-monomero y dimero-dimero para caracterizar las estructuras fibrilares de la proteína y evaluamos los efectos de la dimerización en la actividad polimerasa in-vitro. También evaluamos los efectos de la oligomerización de NS5 in-vivo en embriones de pollo, estableciendo una conexión entre esta proteína y la aparición de microcefalia en fetos infectados. Una de las estructuras de ARN más importantes presentes en el 5’UTR del genoma de los flavivirus es el 5SLA. Previamente se describió que esta estructura se unía a NS5 y actuaba como un promotor, siendo ademas esencial para la replicación viral. Medimos y optimizamos la estabilidad del complejo NS5-5SLA mediante técnicas biofísicas y bioquímicas y determinamos la estructura del complejo mediante cryo-EM. Las comparaciones entre la estructura cristalográfica y cryo-EM de NS5 revelaron, por primera vez en flavivirus, cambios conformacionales importantes en el dominio RdRP. Identificamos los residuos implicados en la formación del complejo y caracterizamos el efecto de la unión de NS5 a 5SLA sobre su actividad polimerasa. Estos resultados arrojan nueva luz para entender los mecanismos de replicación en los flavivirus.

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Tillman, Jonas, and Robin Kristoffersson. "Experiencing Zika : A qualitative interview study of Brazilian nurses." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2354.

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Background: Zikavirus was discovered in the 1950’s in the Zikaforest in Uganda, it is a vector borne flavivirus and its main carrier is the Aedes Aegyptimosquito. In 2015 ZIKV reached Brazil and from Brazil it has spread to 26 countries in the Americas. ZIKV is most known for its ties with Microcephaly, but the ZIKV has been linked to several neurological conditions including Guillian-Barré Syndrome. Very limited treatment is currently available for the complications and prevention is the most used method to combat the infection. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the experience of Brazilian registered nurses in regards to Zika virus and its complications. Method: An Empirical qualitative approach was used, and the data was retrieved through semi-structured interviews. The method used for analysing was a Qualitative content analysis. Results: The findings resulted in two categories: 1. The many faces of uncertainty and, 2. Spreading and attaining knowledge. In addition 10 sub-categories were identified. Conclusion: The suffering that was expressed was related to the uncertainty of the disease. By providing information and educating patients, the health literacy may strengthen. Increasing health literacy can empower the people and lead to sound health decisions. Bakgrund: Zika viruset upptäcktes i Zika-skogen i Uganda på 50-talet, det är ett vektorburet flavivirusoch smittar huvudsakligen via myggan Aedes Aegypti. År 2015 nådde ZIKV Brasilien och från Brasilien har det spridit sig till 26 länder i Syd-Nord-och Centralamerika. ZIKV är mest känt för dess kopplingar till Mikrocefali, men viruset är också sammankopplat till flera neurologiska komplikationer, Guillian-Barré Syndrome inkluderat. För tillfället är den tillgängliga behandlingen väldigt begränsad för dessa komplikationer och prevention är den främsta metoden för att stävja infektionen. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva brasilianska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av ZIKV och dess komplikationer. Metod: Data samlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem aktiva sjuksköterskor i Brasilien. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera all data. Resultat: Fynden resulterade i två kategorier: 1. The many faces of uncertainty och, 2. Spreading and attaining knowledge. Dessutom identifierades 10 subkategorier. Konklusion: Lidandet som uttrycktes var kopplat till ovisshet om sjukdomen. Genom att tillhandahålla information och utbildning till patienterna, kan hälsolitteraciteten styrkas. Att öka hälsolitteracitet kan styrka folket och leda till sunda val gällande deras hälsa.

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Guidry, Jeanine. "Designing Effective Messages to Promote Future Zika Vaccine Uptake." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5017.

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The Zika virus is associated with the devastating birth defect microcephaly, and while a vaccine was not yet available in early-2017, several were under development. It is imperative to identify effective communication strategies to promote uptake of a new vaccine, particularly among women of reproductive age. Moreover, though the Zika outbreak has received much social media attention, little is known about these conversations on Instagram. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, was to understand current Zika-focused communication on Instagram and to inform effective communication strategies to promote future Zika vaccine uptake intent. The study aims were: (1) explore Zika conversations on Instagram; (2) determine effective message characteristics to increase Zika vaccine uptake intent; and (3) explore salient demographic, healthcare, and psychosocial factors related to Zika vaccine uptake intent. A content analysis of 1,000 Zika-focused Instagram posts, found that these messages primarily focus on perceived threat constructs, yet they elicited little engagement. In addition, 10% of all Instagram posts mentioned conspiracy theories, and these messages elicited high engagement. A 2x2 online experiment tested the effect of message framing and visual type on Zika vaccine uptake intent. The 339 participants – all women of reproductive age – each were exposed to one of four messages (gain vs. loss-framed, and infographic vs. photo). There was no interaction effect of framing and visual type (p=.116), nor main effect of either framing (p=.185) or visual type (p=.724) on vaccine uptake intent. When testing the effect of these variables on those known to be predictors of behavioral intent, gain-framed messages were associated with higher subjective norms, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy. Data from the same online survey was used to examine whether demographics, healthcare-related variables, and psychosocial variables predict Zika vaccine uptake intent. Attitude (p<.001), subjective norms (p=.002), perceived benefits (p=.001), self-efficacy (p=.031), perceived susceptibility (p=.030), and cues to action (p=.020) were predictive of higher Zika vaccine uptake intent, as was being African-American (p=.042). In summary, messages promoting the Zika vaccine should be designed to complement the high perceived threat of Zika while activating positive social norms and perceived benefits in order to allow the public to respond efficaciously.

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Santos, Francielle Martins. "Construção de uma Biblioteca de Anticorpos Anti-ZIKA Vírus." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181094.

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Orientador: Flávia Hebeler Barbosa Trovão Resumo: Bibliotecas conformacionais de anticorpos vem constituindo importantes ferramentas na investigação científica de imunoglobulinas expressas em diferentes situações biológicas incluindo patologias. O conhecimento e elucidação estrutural de anticorpos diferenciais produzidos em patologias distintas pode representar ferramenta molecular fundamental para a intervenção na fisiopatologia da doença; incluindo diagnóstico diferencial, identificação de biomarcadores, terapêutica baseada em imunoglobulinas para bloqueio de patógenos bem como, contribuir para a constituição de painéis de anticorpos capazes de identificar epítopos agregando, também, informações para avanços no desenvolvimento de vacinas. A maior dificuldade atualmente reportada na literatura científica é a obtenção in vitro dos fragmentos Fab (Fragment Antigen Binding) devido à ausência de informações metodológicas das fases experimentais necessárias à construção do Fab, substrato essencial a construção de bibliotecas de anticorpos. Uma abordagem ainda inédita neste contexto é o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia experimental eficiente para a obtenção de bibliotecas de Fab na infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV). A infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV) vem sendo associada à casos de microcefalia em neonatos de gestantes infectadas e síndrome de Guillain-Barré, a neutralização viral baseada em anticorpos dirigidos contra epítopos específicos é pouco conhecida, a maioria dos estudos se referem a outros Flavivirus. A resposta imunológi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Conformational libraries of antibodies have become important tools for the scientific investigation of immunoglobulins expressed under different biological situations, including pathological conditions. The knowledge and structural elucidation of differential antibodies produced during distinct pathological conditions may be fundamental for intervention in the pathophysiology of diseases, including differential diagnosis, biomarker identification, immunoglobulin-based therapy for pathogen blocking, and constitution of antibody panels for identifying epitopes for vaccine advancement. Currently, the greatest difficulty reported in the scientific literature is the lack of methodological information for the experimental phases necessary for in vitro construction of Fab (Antigen Binding Fragment), an essential substrate for antibody library construction. In this context, an efficient experimental methodology for obtaining Fab libraries in ZIKA (ZIKV) virus infection is as yet unreported. ZIKV infection has been associated with cases of microcephaly in neonates of infected pregnant women and those with Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, viral neutralization based on antibodies directed against specific epitopes is not well understood, therefore, most studies have been carried out on other Flaviviruses. The humoral immune response is essential for protection against Flaviviruses; hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms of the host immune system against this virus. Thus, t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Costa, Bruno Lucian Gonçalves da. "Uma simulação do espalhamento do Zika vírus na Flórida." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19492.

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Submitted by Bruno Lucian Gonçalves Costa (bruno.lucian.costa@gmail.com) on 2017-12-13T16:06:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação submetida à Escola de Matemática Aplicada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Modelagem Matemática da Informação.pdf: 1715835 bytes, checksum: 8ee5ae532d87172234d8442e34214292 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive bey ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-12-15T12:27:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação submetida à Escola de Matemática Aplicada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Modelagem Matemática da Informação.pdf: 1715835 bytes, checksum: 8ee5ae532d87172234d8442e34214292 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-26T13:24:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação submetida à Escola de Matemática Aplicada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Modelagem Matemática da Informação.pdf: 1715835 bytes, checksum: 8ee5ae532d87172234d8442e34214292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 Some cases of Zika occurred in the southern states of the USA bordering on the Gulf of Mexico (Florida, Louisiana & Texas) because these states have a suitable hot & wet climate and the vector, Aedes Aegyptus mosquitos. This project uses two standard mathematical models for epidemics (SIR: susceptible, Infected, recovered and SEIR: susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered) developed by McKendrick & Kermach to simulate the propagation within the state of Florida. To do this, we collected Demographic data from the US census on 67 towns in Florida Data on migrations from one town to another (also from the US Census) Weekly reports on the number of cases of Zika obtained by webscrapping the Florida Health Service. The Epigrass program developed by Fiocruz was used to simulate the evolution of the Zika epidemic week by week from February to the end of July 2016, for both the SIR and the SEIR models. From this we constructed the propagation dendrograms assuming that propagation started simultaneously in three cities: Miami-Dade, Hillsborough and Lee. Casos de Zika ocorreram nos estados do sul dos EUA que fazem fronteira como Golfo do México (Flórida, Louisiana e Texas), devido ao clima quente eúmido, e a existência do vetor Aedes Aegyptis. Este projeto usa dois modelosmatemáticos padrão para epidemias (SIR: suscetíveis, infectados, recuperadose SEIR: suscetíveis, expostos, infectados, recuperados) desenvolvidos porMcKendrick e Kermach para simular a propagação no estado da Flórida.Para fazer isso, nós coletamos:Dados demográficos do censo dos EUA em 67 cidades da FlóridaDados sobre migrações de uma cidade para outra (também do Censodos EUA)Relatórios semanais sobre o número de casos de Zika obtidos por webscrappingFlórida Health Serviço.O programa Epigrass desenvolvido pela Fiocruz foi usado para simulara evolução da epidemia de Zika semana a semana de fevereiro até o final de julho de 2016, tanto para os modelos SIR como para os modelos SEIR.A partir disso nós construímos os dendrogramas de propagação assumindoque a propagação começou simultaneamente em três cidades: Miami-Dade,Hillsborough e Lee.

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周慧珍 and Wai-chun Chow. "On the relationship between the prose and comics of Feng Zikai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40717380.

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Patricelli, Martina <1995&gt. "L'arte e la letteratura di Feng Zikai: una proposta di traduzione." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15853.

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Feng Zikai was a well-known Chinese painter and cartoonist, he was the founder and the unique master of the so-called Chinese lyrical cartoon. He is better known as a cartoonist but he his more than a simple artist, he was an essayist and a translator too. Thanks to his style of writing and his unique technique of drawing his works became part of the most important Chinese periodical which let him to gain a good reputation in the art world. In writing this thesis i managed to translate fifteen of Feng Zika’s informal essays taken from the collection Yuanyuan Tang suibi 缘缘堂随笔 (Essays from the Fated Hall) published in 1937. This collection of essays represents Feng Zika’s personal life experiences and his reflections and thoughts about the world and the meaning of life using a simple language free from formal restrictions in a colloquial style. Indeed, his writings are made to be read by a public of readers belonging to the masses. The translation is accompanied by a commentary which analyze the strategies adopted for the translation and the text’s characteristics. The first part of the thesis analyzes the artist Feng Zikai from the literary point of you, instead the second part from the artistic point of you illustrating the development of his unique conception of art and his technique which undoubtedly was influenced by Japanese traditional style. Last but not lest, the third part is about the relationship between Feng Zikai and his conversion to Buddhism and one of the most important person who played an important role in his life and in his art, Li Shutong also known as Master Hongyi.

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Bos, Sandra. "Undestanding the viral molecular factors involved in Zika virus pathogenicity in humans." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0005.

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Le virus Zika (ZIKV) est un phénomène épidémiologique sans précédent qui surprit le monde entier. Pendant de nombreuses années, il fut considéré comme un virus anodin responsable d’une poignée d’infections humaines, auto-limitées et bénignes, en Afrique et en Asie du Sud-est. Mais, après des décennies de propagation silencieuse, une première épidémie éclata en Micronésie en 2007 - tel un signal d'alarme. Quelques années plus tard, une soudaine épidémie de ZIKV de plus grande ampleur se déclara dans les îles du Pacifique avant d'atteindre le Brésil en 2015. Au cours de cette période, Zika fut associé à de graves complications neurologiques, mettant en évidence son fort potentiel pathogène pour l'homme. Depuis son émergence, plus de 80 pays et territoires ont été touchés par la pandémie de ZIKV, désormais reconnu comme un virus neurotrope et tératogène. L'association des souches contemporaines de ZIKV à des formes graves de maladie chez l'homme, qui n'ont jamais été signalées auparavant, a soulevé l'hypothèse d'une pathogénicité nouvellement acquise. Ainsi, mes travaux de doctorat visaient à déterminer si l'ampleur de l'épidémie actuelle pouvait en partie avoir été facilitée par des facteurs viraux qui auraient renforcé la fitness du ZIKV. À cette fin, mon projet de recherche s'est concentré sur l'identification des facteurs moléculaires viraux impliqués dans la pathogénicité du virus Zika chez l’homme à partir du développement de clones moléculaires Zika virus (ZIKV) is an unprecedented epidemiological phenomenon which surprised the world. For many years, it was considered a trivial virus responsible for only a handful of human infections, self-limited and benign, in Africa and Southeast Asia. But then, after decades of silent spread, a first epidemic broke out in Micronesia in 2007 – like a warning signal. A few years later, a sudden Zika outbreak of larger scale occurred in the Pacific islands before reaching Brazil in 2015. During this period, Zika was associated with severe neurological complications, highlighting its serious pathogenic potential for humans. Since its emergence, more than 80 countries and territories have been affected by the ZIKV pandemic, which is now recognized as a neurotropic and teratogenic virus. The association of contemporary ZIKV strains with severe forms of disease in humans, that have never been reported before, has raised the hypothesis of newly acquired pathogenicity. In this regard, my doctoral research aimed to determine whether the scope of the current epidemic was partly facilitated by viral factors that improved ZIKV fitness. To this end, my research project focused on the identification of the viral molecular factors involved in Zika virus pathogenicity in humans based on the development of molecular clones

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Hamel, Rodolphe. "Biologie du virus zika dans les cellules cutanées et les astrocytes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT003.

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Le virus Zika (ZIKV), virus découvert pour la première fois à la fin des années quarante, est un arbovirus émergent récemment arrivé sous le feu des projecteurs à l’occasion d’une pandémie rapide à l’échelle mondiale. Appartenant à la famille des Flaviviridae, ce flavivirus est transmis par les moustiques du genre Aedes. Alors qu’on le croyait relativement peu pathogène, ce virus se révèle être la cause probable d’une vague de complications neurologiques, incluant l’apparition de microcéphalies et de syndromes de Guillain-Barré. De plus, il n’existe à l’heure actuelle ni vaccins ni traitements spécifiques, la lutte contre le virus se résumant largement à la mise en place de mesures de prévention contre la piqûre de moustiques et la lutte anti-vectorielle.Une meilleure connaissance de l’ensemble de la biologie du virus, depuis les modalités d’entrée dans l’organisme, en particulier au niveau cutanée, jusqu’aux mécanismes moléculaires intimes de la réplication du virus s’avère nécessaire. Par des approches moléculaires et cellulaires, nous avons mis en évidence le tropisme du virus, identifié ses récepteurs et déterminé les réponses cellulaires induites par ce dernier. Nos travaux ont également identifié un potentiel mécanisme d’évasion mise en place par le ZIKV. Nous avons également entrepris un travail original sur un mécanisme moléculaire favorisant la pathogénicité des flavivirus. Une meilleure connaissance de ce mécanisme pourrait déboucher sur l’identification de potentiels cibles thérapeutiques. Enfin, le tropisme neuronal avéré du ZIKV nous a amené à travailler sur la réponse immune des astrocytes humain. En effet, les astrocytes forment une population cellulaire très importante dans le système nerveux central qui est fortement impliquée dans les mécanismes de neurogénèse dans le cerveau des fœtus The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated from non-human primates the late 1940s. This emerging arbovirus has recently been under the spotlight due to a rapid world pandemic. Belonging to the Flaviviridae family, this flavivirus is transmitted by Aedes’ genus mosquitoes. Historically low pathogenic, a new major concern is the possible association of ZIKV with diverse of neurological complications, including the development of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, particularly in newborns of infected mothers. In addition, there is currently no vaccine or specific treatment to cure the disease, so the main preventive measures to fight the spreading of the virus are to prevent mosquitoes’ bites and to plan an effective vector control. A better understanding of the biology of the virus, from the entry in the body, especially at the skin level, to the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, is therefore necessary.Using different molecular and cellular strategies, we investigated the tropism of the virus, identified cell surface receptors and determined the cell’s responses to the infection. Our work also permitted to identify a potential mechanism by which ZIKV evades the host immune system to facilitated his own replication. We also have undertaken original work on a molecular mechanism increasing the pathogenicity of flavivirus. A better knowledge of this mechanism may lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Finally, considering the neuronal tropism of the ZIKV, we studied the immune response of human astrocytes, a very important cell population in the central nervous system, playing a major role in the mechanisms of neurogenesis during the fetus’ brain development

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Provost, Joël. "Infection des cellules du système immunitaire par le virus Zika." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31449.

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Le virus Zika est un pathogène qui a récemment retenu l’attention de la communauté scientifique suite à une importante éclosion en Amérique du Sud. Ce virus, peu étudié auparavant, peut causer des pathologies parfois graves chez les personnes infectées. Nous avons démontré que le virus Zika peut infecter les macrophages dérivés de monocytes. Plusieurs souches virales peuvent infecter les macrophages, mais certaines différences existent entre ces souches quant au taux d’infection et la cinétique de réplication. La réplication virale serait localisée autour du noyau de la cellule, comme ce qui est connu des autres membres de la famille des Flaviviridae. Les macrophages sont résistants aux effets cytopathiques du virus et peuvent donc jouer un rôle de réservoir viral à long terme. L’autophagie est un mécanisme nécessaire et important à la complétion du cycle viral du virus Zika dans les macrophages. Lors d’une co-infection entre le virus Zika et le VIH-1 dans les macrophages, il n’y a pas d’effet observé sur le taux d’infection et la réplication virale du VIH-1. Cependant, il y a une diminution de la réplication virale du virus Zika lors de ces co-infections. L’ajout de B18R, un inhibiteur de la réponse interféron de type I vient contrecarrer cette modulation, démontrant le mécanisme d’action de cette modulation. L’ajout d’un inhibiteur de la signalisation de la voie de l’interféron permet d’augmenter le taux d’infection des macrophages par le virus Zika. En résumé, le virus Zika peut infecter les macrophages et ces cellules pourraient être un réservoir viral à long terme, le virus a besoin de l’autophagie pour se répliquer et la production d’interféron de type I par les cellules qui sont infectées par un autre virus a un effet important sur la diminution de la réplication du virus Zika. Zika virus is a pathogenic agent who recently gathered attention from the scientific community following a major outbreak in South America. This virus, who received little attention prior to this outbreak, can induce major pathologies in infected individuals. Our results indicate that Zika virus can infect monocyte-derived macrophages. Many viral strains can infect macrophages, but some differences were put in evidence, particularly regarding the infection rate and replication kinetic of the different strains. Viral replication occurs around the nucleus, which is expected and known from other viruses of the Flaviviridae family. Macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of the virus, and can produce virus for many days. Autophagy is a necessary, and important cellular mechanism in completion of the virus life cycle. In the context of confections with Zika virus and HIV1, there is no effect observed in the infection rate and replication level of HIV-1. However, there is a decrease observed in the overall replication of Zika virus. The presence of B18R, a type I interferon inhibitor, restores a normal viral replication, demonstrating the mechanism behind this modulation. Addition of an inhibitor targeting the interferonmediated signalling pathway increases the infection rate of macrophages by Zika virus. In summary, Zika virus can infect macrophages, requires the autophagy signalling pathway to successfully replicate in macrophages, and is negatively impacted by interferon produced by its host cells infected by another virus.

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ANTUNES, M. N. "Comunicando o risco: um olhar sobre a epidemia de Zika." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10334.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:41:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12420_tese_michele_nacif_antunes.pdf: 2284184 bytes, checksum: e1a2364ab7cb967ec9996bed8ea69793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-17 A comunicação de risco é definida como um processo de planejamento de comunicação de instituições públicas para enfrentar situações de crises ou riscos, que quase sempre se tornam eventos de mídia. Nos dias atuais, cada vez mais podem se tornar também eventos de mídia social. E, por isso, as mídias sociais devem ser consideradas no planejamento da comunicação diante de emergências. O objetivo desta tese é entender os aspectos que envolvem as relações entre uma emergência em saúde pública, os meios de comunicação e a sociedade e as instituições públicas responsáveis pela gestão do risco, tomando como eixo central o papel das mídias sociais na sociedade contemporânea. Para lançarmos um olhar sobre a epidemia de zika, alguns aspectos e elementos nos ajudam. Partimos dos alertas emitidos e da declaração da emergência em saúde pública, bem como da epidemia de significações das quais a zika está rodeada, principalmente pelo contexto de incerteza em que surgiu. Diante da sociedade que experimenta diariamente a incerteza, tecemos breves considerações sobre o risco. Do risco, passamos para a comunicação de risco e de emergência em saúde pública e as influências que as mídias sociais operam nessa equação. Foram desenvolvidos quatro estudos. No primeiro deles, foi realizada metassíntese, com a qual foram discutidos também temas como a mídia na era da pós-verdade e os desafios que as instituições públicas enfrentam neste contexto. No segundo, foi realizado o levantamento das principais ações de comunicação, a partir dos documentos oficiais que abordam a comunicação de risco e do levantamento dos altos recursos gastos em publicidade durante a epidemia de zika. Concluímos que a publicidade, entre outras ações, foi considerada prioritária e ocupou lugar de destaque nas estratégias de comunicação. No terceiro, discutimos a utilização do Facebook como ferramenta de comunicação de risco das instituições públicas na resposta à epidemia de zika. Foi realizado o levantamento das postagens das páginas do Ministério da Saúde e do Governo do Estado do Espírito Santo relacionadas ao tema e, logo após, foram categorizadas de acordo com o assunto abordado. Observou-se que, durante a emergência da epidemia de zika, as estratégias utilizadas nas mídias sociais não diferem das práticas em outros meios: um convite para o combate ao mosquito. No quarto estudo, foram analisadas as imagens que despertaram maior interesse e maior número de compartilhamentos por parte dos internautas a partir do dispositivo em rede Instagram. No estudo, recorremos ao ImageCloud, um aplicativo desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Estudos sobre Imagem e Cibercultura (Labic). Em suma, concluímos que o modelo atual adotado pela comunicação de risco e de emergências em saúde pública aponta para a necessidade de mudanças que incorporem novas estratégias e práticas que levem em conta os diversificados espaços, cenários, contextos e os processos sociais existentes. Desta forma, fica a pergunta: é possível outra forma de comunicação de risco e emergências em saúde pública no Brasil? Uma comunicação que esteja ancorada na integração e articulação de diversos atores no enfrentamento do risco? Em busca de respostas, apresentamos uma nova possibilidade para a comunicação de risco e emergência em saúde pública

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Bastos, Marcio Maciel. "Modelagem probabilística da dinâmica da Zika usando modelos hierárquicos bayesianos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/21991.

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Submitted by Marcio Maciel Bastos (marciomacielbastos@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-02T15:09:10Z No. of bitstreams: 4 dsrtcao.pdf: 3763696 bytes, checksum: e5614aca9d57fde04661fc6da2f7fe8d (MD5) Folha de assinaturas.pdf: 145939 bytes, checksum: b0efa18a3054171cdc8cc52a6a4d715f (MD5) EMAp Ficha catalográfica.pdf: 16727 bytes, checksum: 10446f26497b911613967664f6ca959c (MD5) dissertacao.pdf: 3462226 bytes, checksum: 2cb3f716b95b7d4ba28b55bcf90ed3c8 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-06T14:17:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 dsrtcao.pdf: 3763696 bytes, checksum: e5614aca9d57fde04661fc6da2f7fe8d (MD5) Folha de assinaturas.pdf: 145939 bytes, checksum: b0efa18a3054171cdc8cc52a6a4d715f (MD5) EMAp Ficha catalográfica.pdf: 16727 bytes, checksum: 10446f26497b911613967664f6ca959c (MD5) dissertacao.pdf: 3462226 bytes, checksum: 2cb3f716b95b7d4ba28b55bcf90ed3c8 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2018-04-12T18:20:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 dsrtcao.pdf: 3763696 bytes, checksum: e5614aca9d57fde04661fc6da2f7fe8d (MD5) Folha de assinaturas.pdf: 145939 bytes, checksum: b0efa18a3054171cdc8cc52a6a4d715f (MD5) EMAp Ficha catalográfica.pdf: 16727 bytes, checksum: 10446f26497b911613967664f6ca959c (MD5) dissertacao.pdf: 3462226 bytes, checksum: 2cb3f716b95b7d4ba28b55bcf90ed3c8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T18:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 dsrtcao.pdf: 3763696 bytes, checksum: e5614aca9d57fde04661fc6da2f7fe8d (MD5) Folha de assinaturas.pdf: 145939 bytes, checksum: b0efa18a3054171cdc8cc52a6a4d715f (MD5) EMAp Ficha catalográfica.pdf: 16727 bytes, checksum: 10446f26497b911613967664f6ca959c (MD5) dissertacao.pdf: 3462226 bytes, checksum: 2cb3f716b95b7d4ba28b55bcf90ed3c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a pathogen of the family Flaviviridae, transmitted in Brazil mainly by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and in less extent by sexual relations. In addition to symptoms common to dengue and chikungunya, the zika virus is also capable of causing irreversible damage to the nervous system, in adults it is related to Guillain-Barr´e syndrome and in fetuses it causes microcephaly. The Health Department of Rio de Janeiro maintains a database with records of patients who sought care and was infeccted with Zika. Our study seeks to estimate the true size of the epidemic that occurred in the year 2016 and the parameters that fit to explain the dissemination process. To make these estimates, we used the data provided by the Health Department and a hierarchical Bayesian model adapted to the SIR epidemiological model. We perform the inference process through modern sampling techniques such as Automatic Differentiation Variational Inference (ADVI), Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) and No-U-Turn (NUTS). O Zika virus (ZIKV) é um patógeno da família Flaviviridae transmitido no Brasil principalmente pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti e em menor escala por relações sexuais. Além dos sintomas comuns à dengue e chikungunya, o vírus da zika também é capaz de causar danos irreversíveis no sistema nervoso, em adultos está relacionada à síndrome de Guillain-Barré e em fetos provoca microcefalia. O sistema de saúde do Rio de Janeiro mantém um banco de dados com os registros dos pacientes que buscaram atendimento e apresentaram sintomas de Zika. O nosso estudo busca estimar o verdadeiro tamanho da epidemia que ocorreu no ano de 2016 e os parâmetros que podem ser ajustados para explicar o processo de disseminação. Para realizar essas estimativas, utilizamos os dados fornecidos pelo sistema de saúde e uma modelagem Bayesiana hierárquica adaptada ao modelo epidemiológico SIR. Realizamos o processo de inferência através de modernas técnicas de amostragem, como Automatic Differentiation Variational Inference (ADVI), Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) e No-U-Turn (NUTS).

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Silva, Herculano da. "Migração de leucócitos para o sistema nervoso central na infecção experimental por vírus ZIKV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-01022019-095421/.

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O vírus ZIKA pertence ao gênero Flavivírus e diversos trabalhos têm demonstrado que a infecção por esse vírus está associada com o desenvolvimento de anomalias congênitas fetais e doenças neurológicas como casos de microcefalia e de síndrome de Guillan-Barré. Com intuito de entender os mecanismos imunológicos de controle da replicação viral e na patogênese da doença, o objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer um modelo experimental de infecção por vírus ZIKV em animais imunocompetentes e investigar a migração de leucócitos para o sistema nervoso central durante a infecção por esse vírus. Os animais C57BL/6 infectados por ZIKV apresentaram um aumento da carga viral no sistema nervoso central (SNC) após 24 horas de infecção e uma redução significativa após 48 e 72 horas de infecção. No entanto, os animais deficientes do receptor de IFN tipo I (IFNAR-/-) apresentaram uma alta carga viral após 48 e 72 horas de infecção. Nossos dados mostram que os animais IFNAR-/- são altamente suscetíveis a infecção com 100% de mortalidade na fase aguda da doença, enquanto os animais C57BL/6 são resistentes a infecção com 100% sobrevida por mais de 30 dias de infecção. A infecção com ZIKA induziu o recrutamento de duas subpopulações de monócitos CD11b+Ly6Chi e CD11b+Ly6Clo para o SNC de maneira dependente da sinalização de IFN tipo I. Uma vez que, os animais C57BL/6 apresentaram um aumento de monócitos no SNC após 48 horas de infecção, enquanto que os animais IFNAR-/- apresentaram o recrutamento dessas células somente após 72 horas de infecção. De maneira interessante, o recrutamento dos monócitos culminou com um aumento da expressão das citocinas IL-6 e IL-18 no SNC de animais C57BL/6, enquanto que a expressão dessas citocinas não foi encontrada no SNC de animais IFNAR-/-, sugerindo a importância da via de sinalização de IFN tipo I para a produção dessas citocinas. E por fim, demostramos que a migração dos monócitos para SNC de animais infectados com vírus ZIKA é dependente da produção de CCL2 produzida no cérebro de animais infectados e da expressão dos receptores de quimiocinas CCR2 e CCR5. Uma vez que, animais deficientes para CCR2 (CCR2-/-) e CCR5 (CCR5-/-) apresentaram uma redução da frequência dos monócitos CD11b+Ly6Chi para o SNC em comparação aos animais C57BL/6 após a infecção. De maneira geral, nossos dados mostram que os animais C57BL/6 são resistentes à infecção por ZIKV, uma vez que a via de sinalização de IFN do tipo I está envolvida no recrutamento de monócitos inflamatórios para SNC e consequente controle da replicação viral. O desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental de infecção por vírus ZIKV abre perspectivas para o entendimento dos mecanismos de controle da replicação viral e sobre a patogênese da doença. The ZIKA virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus, several studies have demonstrated that the infection by this virus is associated with the development of fetal congenital anomalies and neurological diseases, such as microcephaly and Guillan-Barré syndrome. In order to elucidate the immunological mechanisms of the viral replication control and the disease pathogenesis, the study aim was to establish an experimental model of ZIKV infection in immunocompetent animals and investigate the leukocytes migration to the central nervous system during this virus infection. ZIKV infected C57BL/6 animals demonstrated an increased viral load in the central nervous system (CNS) after 24 hours of infection and a significant reduction after 48 and 72 hours of infection. However, type I INF receptor deficient mice (IFNAR-/-) had a high viral load after 48 and 72 hours of infection. Our data demonstrated that IFNAR-/- animals are highly susceptible to infection with 100% mortality during the acute phase of the disease, while C57BL/6 mice are resistant with 100% survival for more than 30 days of infection. ZIKA infection induced the recruitment of two monocytes subpopulation CD11b+Ly6Chi and CD11b+Ly6Clo to the CNS in a dependent manner of type I INF signaling. C57BL/6 mice showed an increase of monocytes in the CNS after 48 hours of infection, whereas IFNAR-/- mice recruited these cells only after 72 hours of infection. Interestingly, the monocytes recruitment culminated in an increased expression of IL-6 and IL-18 in C57BL/6 mice CNS, while these cytokines expression was not observed in the CNS of IFNAR-/- animals, thus suggesting the importance of type I INF signaling pathway for these cytokines production. Finally, we have demonstrated that the monocytes migration to the CNS from animals infected with ZIKA virus is dependent of CCL2 production in the brain of infected animals, as well as the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. Given that CCR2 (CCR2-/-) and CCR5 (CCR5-/-) deficient animals demonstrated a frequency reduction of CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes to the CNS compared to C57BL/6 mice after infection. Overall, our data demonstrate that C57BL/6 animals are resistant to ZIKV infection, since the type I INF signaling pathway is involved in the inflammatory monocytes recruitment to the CNS and subsequent viral replication control. The development of an experimental model of ZIKV infection open perspectives for the understanding of viral replication control mechanisms and disease pathogenesis.

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To, Pui-yee Perry. "Feng Zikai's (1898-1975) Manhua on the theme of children /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301153.

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Lopes, Aline de Siqueira Alves. "Acompanhamento clínico e nutricional de uma coorte de lactentes com síndrome da Zika congênita, nascidos em Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil." Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/9390.

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Introduction: At the end of 2015, zika virus became the protagonist of an epidemic of congenital anomalies never observed. The northeastern region of Brazil was the most affected. Congenital Zika Syndrome is characterized by severe microcephaly, critical brain damage, ophthalmologic, auditory, cardiac and orthopedic anomalies, as well as severe developmental delay with irritability, spasticity and convulsions. Owning to the fact that it is a new pathology, little is known about its long-term evolution, since affected children are aged around 3 years. Goal: To follow-up of a cohort of infants born with microcephaly and / or anomalies associated with congenital zika virus infection, from birth to 18 months of age, evaluating their growth, development, feeding and occurrence of associated morbidities. Methodology: This was a longitudinal, observational and descriptive study of a cohort of infants born in Sergipe during the outbreak of microcephaly and referred to two public health services. The children were followed up through 18 months of age in childcare consultations, together with expert evaluations and complementary examinations. The data was collected from August / 2017 to January / 2018 with using a research form. Statistical analyzes were carried out in R Core Team 2018 software. Results: The cohort comprised 84 children with Congenital Zika Syndrome. There was a predominance of females (53.8%) and only 9 newborns had no diagnosis of microcephaly but had other alterations compatible with Congenital Zika Syndrome. The Z scores for head circumference, weight and length remained stable over time, remaining below the expected standard for the three anthropometric indexes. The evolution of Z scores for weight / length showed a downward trend, although the average remained in the eutrophic pattern. In addition to the occurrence of other neurological impairments, such as seizures (69%), spasticity (48,8%), and irritability (64,3%), the infants presented severe developmental delays with delayed acquisition of all markers. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months was law (14.3%) and a significant percentage of feeding difficulty (57,1%). This aspect reflected the delay in the introduction of complementary feeding (mean age of 7.1 months) and non-progression to the family diet in 22.6%. As to the complementary evaluation, cerebral malformations compatible with congenital Zika infection were detected in all children, ocular involvement was diagnosed in 42 infants (54.5%), and in half (50.7%) cardiac anomalies were observed. The main clinical morbidity observed was upper airways infection, followed by intestinal constipation. Conclusions: Infants with Congenital Zika Syndrome exhibited anthropometric growth impairment, as well as a severe delay in the acquisition of neuromotor development markers. It was found low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, with a high frequency of feeding difficulties. There was also a significant number of infants who presented irritability, convulsion and spasticity. This study reinforces the need for specialized multiprofessional follow-up aimed at rehabilitation therapies and support to the family members involved. Introdução: Ao final de 2015, o Zika vírus tornou-se protagonista de uma epidemia de anomalias congênitas jamais observada, sendo a região nordeste do Brasil a mais atingida. A Síndrome da Zika Congênita caracteriza-se por microcefalia com grave dano ao tecido cerebral, alterações oftalmológicas, auditivas, cardíacas e ortopédicas, além de crítico atraso do desenvolvimento, com irritabilidade, espasticidade e convulsões. Tratando-se de nova condição clínica, pouco se sabe sobre sua evolução em longo prazo, uma vez que as crianças acometidas estão com média de 3 anos de idade. Objetivo: Realizar o acompanhamento de uma coorte de bebês com Síndrome da Zika Congênita, do nascimento aos 18 meses de vida, avaliando seu crescimento, desenvolvimento, evolução da alimentação e ocorrência de morbidades. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo longitudinal, observacional e descritivo do acompanhamento de uma coorte de lactentes nascidos em Sergipe durante o surto de microcefalia e referenciados para dois serviços públicos de saúde. As crianças foram avaliadas até os 18 meses de vida em consultas de puericultura somadas a interconsultas com especialistas e realização de exames complementares. Os dados foram coletados de agosto/2017 a janeiro/2018 através de um formulário de pesquisa. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o auxílio do software R Core 2018. Resultados: Compuseram a coorte 84 crianças com características clínicas da Síndrome da Zika Congênita. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (53,8%) e somente 9 recém-nascidos não tiveram diagnóstico de microcefalia, mas apresentavam outras alterações compatíveis com a Síndrome da Zika Congênita. Os escores Z para perímetro cefálico (PC), peso e comprimento apresentaram pouca variação ao longo do tempo. As médias de escore Z na primeira e última consulta foram as seguintes: PC (-6,0; -5,9); Peso (-1,9; -1,6) e Comprimento (-2,5; -1,7). A evolução dos escores Z para peso/comprimento, revelou tendência de queda, apesar da média ter se mantido no padrão de eutrofia. As crianças manifestaram grave atraso do desenvolvimento com retardo na aquisição de todos os marcos pesquisados, além da ocorrência de outros comprometimentos neurológicos tais quais convulsão (69%), espasticidade (48,8%) e irritabilidade (64,3%). Encontrou-se baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses (14,3%) e percentual significativo de relatos de dificuldade alimentar (57,1%), aspecto que refletiu no atraso da introdução da alimentação complementar (idade média de 7,1 meses) e na não progressão para a alimentação da família em 22,6%. Quanto aos exames e avaliações complementares, em todos os lactentes foram detectadas malformações cerebrais compatíveis com a infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus, em 54,5% foi diagnosticado comprometimento ocular e em metade (50,7%) foi observado alguma alteração cardíaca. A principal morbidade clínica apresentada pelas crianças foram as infecções das vias aéreas superiores, seguido de constipação intestinal. Conclusões: Os lactentes com Síndrome da Zika Congênita exibiram comprometimento do crescimento antropométrico, além de grave atraso na aquisição de marcos do desenvolvimento neuromotor. Constatou-se baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses, com alta frequência de dificuldades alimentares. Observou-se também número significativo de lactentes que evoluíram com irritabilidade, convulsão e espasticidade. Os achados deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de acompanhamento multiprofissional especializado para estas crianças, voltado para terapias de reabilitação e apoio aos familiares envolvidos. Aracaju

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Zancanelli, Amanda Madeira. "Infecção gestacional por Zika Vírus: desenvolvimento motor nos primeiros anos de vida, contexto ambiental e perfil epidemiológico." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7234.

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Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T12:29:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T13:24:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T13:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-19 No ano de 2015, o Brasil enfrentou um surto de infecção por Zika Vírus (ZV), principalmente na região Nordeste, sendo 907 casos em gestantes. Após o nascimento destes lactentes, foi confirmada a associação entre o vírus e diversas malformações congênitas, caracterizando a Síndrome da Infecção Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV), que pode levar ao comprometimento das funções motoras, cognitivas, auditivas e visuais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor, as oportunidades de estimulação presentes no domicílio de lactentes que foram expostos à Infecção por Zika Vírus na gestação durante os primeiros 20 meses de vida e o perfil epidemiológico desta condição em Juiz de Fora e região. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, observacional, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF sob parecer n°: 2.001.169. O desenvolvimento motor dos participantes foi avaliado através das Escalas Bayley de Desenvolvimento do Bebê e da Criança Pequena- Terceira Edição (Bayley III) e as oportunidades de estimulação presentes no ambiente domiciliar através do questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for motor Development- Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) e Self Report (AHEMD-SR). Na descrição do perfil epidemiológico, o presente estudo observou maior taxa de infeção no sexo feminino e na faixa etária de 21 a 41 anos. Quanto ao desenvolvimento motor, cinco participantes apresentaram algum tipo de atraso ou alteração em pelo menos uma das avaliações realizadas, sendo que somente dois foram enquadrados ao nascimento como SCZV. Nenhum participante apresentou microcefalia ao nascimento, porém dois desenvolveram alterações das medidas cefálicas nos meses subsequentes. Foi encontrada correlação forte e moderada entre a Escala Motora da Bayley e o AHEMD nas faixas etárias de 8 a 12 meses e de 17 a 20 meses, respectivamente. Com base nesses resultados conclui-se que a infecção por ZV em Juiz de Fora teve grande potencial de afetar gestantes, pois a maior prevalência foi no sexo feminino e em idade reprodutiva, podendo gerar desfechos desfavoráveis ao feto, mesmo em casos que não foram enquadrados ao nascimento como SCZV, pois foram observados altos porcentuais de atrasos ou alterações no desenvolvimento motor dos participantes do estudo. As relações de moderadas a fortes entre AHEMD e Bayley reforçam a importância do ambiente no desenvolvimento motor nos primeiros anos de vida, devendo ser dada atenção especial às oportunidades de estimulação presentes no domicílio dos casos onde houve infecção gestacional por ZV. In the year 2015, Brazil faced an outbreak of infection by Zika Virus (ZV), mainly in the Northeast region, with 907 cases in pregnant women. After the birth of these infants, the association between the virus and several congenital malformations was confirmed, characterizing the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (SCZV), which can lead to impaired motor, cognitive, auditory and visual functions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the motor development, the stimulation opportunities present in the domicile of infants who were exposed to Zika Virus infection during gestation during the first 20 months of life and the epidemiological profile of this condition in Juiz de Fora and region. This is a longitudinal, prospective, observational study, approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF under opinion no: 2,001,169. Participants' motor development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley III) and the stimulation opportunities present in the home environment through the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) and Self Report (AHEMD-SR). In the description of the epidemiological profile, the present study observed a higher rate of infection in the female sex and in the age group of 21 to 41 years. Regarding motor development, five participants presented some type of delay or alteration in at least one of the evaluations performed, and only two were classified at birth as SCZV. No participant presented microcephaly at birth, but two developed changes in cephalic measurements in the subsequent months. A strong and moderate correlation was found between the Bayley Motor Scale and AHEMD in the 8 to 12 months and 17 to 20 months age groups, respectively. Based on these results, it is concluded that ZV infection in Juiz de Fora had a great potential to affect pregnant women, since the highest prevalence was in females and reproductive age, and could result in unfavorable outcomes to the fetus, even in cases that were not framed at birth as SCZV, as high percentages of delays or motor development changes were observed in the study participants. The moderate to strong relationships between AHEMD and Bayley reinforce the importance of the environment in motor development in the first years of life, and special attention should be given to the stimulation opportunities present in the domicile of cases where there was gestational ZV infection.

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Lin, Su-Hsing. "Feng Zikai's Art and the Kaiming Book Company: art for the people in early twentieth century China." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1079634774.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxxiii, 445 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Julia F. Andrews, Dept. of History of Art. Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-251).

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Rodó, Rodríguez Carlota. "Impacte de la infecció per virus del zika durant la gestació." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662618.

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Antecedents El virus Zika és un agent teratogènic amb tropisme predominant per al cervell fetal. S’ha demostrat que pot causar lesions neurològiques severes en fetus però es desconeix la incidència real de la infecció i la afectació fetal. Material i mètode Des del brot del virus del Zika a Brasil el novembre de 2015 es van estudiar de forma prospectiva totes les dones embarassades amb vincle epidemiològic a zona endèmica de virus Zika. Seguint el protocol de l’Agència Catalana de Salut Pública, es van utilitzar proves biològiques i serològiques per tal d’identificar les dones infectades. Es va fer un seguiment ecogràfic mensual amb ecografia i neurosonografia; i se'ls va oferir ressonància magnètica i amniocentesi. També es van obtenir mostres de placenta i teixits fetals i neonatals. Resultats Setanta-dues dones embarassades van ser positives per a la infecció per virus del Zika; deu van ser casos confirmats i 62 van ser casos probables. La taxa global de mal resultat perinatals en dones amb infecció confirmada i seguiment complet va ser del 33% (95% IC: 12,1 a 64,6%). Va haver-hi dos casos de síndrome congènita per virus del Zika i un cas d’avortament espontani, tots ells en dones amb infecció confirmada durant el primer trimestre. El 25% de les dones van referir símptomes durant l'embaràs, en general erupció cutània i febre. Totes les dones amb infecció confirmada tenien virèmies persistents de més de 14 dies (mitjana de 61.50 dies (IQR 35.50 - 80.75 dies)). Conclusió La taxa global de mal resultat perinatal en dones amb infecció pel virus Zika confirmada és del 33%. Les infeccions durant el primer trimestre s'associen a pitjor resultat en un país no endèmic. Background Zika virus is a teratogenic agent with predominant tropism for the fetal brain. The real incidence of fetal infection and affection is unknown, and severe disease has been demonstrated throughout pregnancy. Methods Since the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil in November 2015 all pregnant women with epidemiological link to an endemic area were prospectively screened for Zika virus in Catalonia, Spain. According to the Spanish protocol, serological and biological tests were used to identify infected pregnant women. They were followed-up in a monthly basis with ultrasound scans and neurosonograms; magnetic resonance and amniotic fluid testing were performed after signed informed consent. Samples of placenta and fetal and neonatal tissues were also obtained. Results Seventy-two pregnant women tested positive for Zika virus infection; ten were confirmed cases and 62 were probable cases. The overall rate of adverse perinatal outcome in women with confirmed Zika virus infection and complete follow-up was 33% (95%CI, 12.1-64.6%). Two cases of Zika virus congenital syndrome and one miscarriage, all of them born to women with confirmed infection in the first trimester. 25% of women reported symptoms during pregnancy, mostly rash and fever. All women with confirmed infection had persistent viremias beyond the expected time (median 61.50 days (IQR 35.50-80.75)). Conclusion The overall adverse outcome rate in women with confirmed Zika virus infection is 33%. First trimester infections of Zika virus are associated with worse outcomes in a non-endemic country.

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Moura, Lopes Luiz Henrique. "Trending health narratives : the Zika virus outbreak 2015-16 in Brazil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61347.

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This study explores the intersections of social media and health communication, focusing on the trending narratives on Twitter during the 2015-16 Zika virus outbreak, in Brazil. It examines how social media data provides insights into current media practices, as a way of improving health communication strategies and literacy during epidemics. This project uses a qualitative study framework to illustrate the phenomenon under examination, drawing a theoretical thematic analysis as a method (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Findings from this thesis reveal how increases in Zika-related news commentaries seemed to have shifted the topics and the tone of Zika-related conversations on Twitter. This project further explores the interconnectedness between the volume of Zika-related mentions on Twitter and external media events, which echoes relevant scholarship (Fu et al., 2016; Dredze, Broniatowski & Hilyard, 2016). Finally, it also discusses the opportunities and limitations of social media for health communication, addressing traditional inequalities and power dynamics. Arts, Faculty of Journalism, School of Graduate

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Krystosik, Amy Robyn. "CHIKUNGUNYA, DENGUE, AND ZIKA IN CALI, COLOMBIA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1481111225042036.

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Muppalla, RoopTeja. "A Twitter-based Study for Understanding Public Reaction on Zika Virus." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright151994467953523.

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Frank, Jordan C. "Development and Application of a Reverse Genetics System for Zika Virus." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7280.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged in many regions of the world, with infection outcomes spanning from no apparent illness to crippling nervous system disease. ZIKV and its close relatives, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. Three ZIKVs were selected: MR-766 (Uganda, 1947), P6-740 (Malaysia, 1966), and PRVABC-59 (Puerto Rico, 2015), whose place of origin and time of isolation differ substantially. Stable, complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of the three ZIKV RNA genomes were cloned to examine the significance of viral and host genetic variations in directing ZIKV infection outcomes. Using a new toolbox for ZIKV genome engineering and protein analysis, combined with various cell culture and mouse infection model systems, the following were determined: (1) Genome-wide landscape of viral gene products and their related species, with several immuno-reactive gene products identified in the case of all three cloned ZIKVs. (2) Viral replicability in cultured cells, varied significantly depending on the virus strain and host cell type, with one cow cell line being resistant to ZIKV infection. (3) Virus induced neurological disease in mice, differed dramatically depending on the virus dose and strain, mouse age and strain, route of infection, and presence or absence of immune system components. Overall, the findings demonstrate the impact of the viral and host genetic backgrounds on the ability of ZIKV to replicate and cause disease. The ZIKV strain-specific characterizations and molecular instruments described will provide multiple avenues for developing and testing medical countermeasures.

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Freitas, Alyne Aparecida Ferreira. "AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO FAMILIAR EM PAIS DE CRIANÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS COM MICROCEFALIA PELO ZIKA VÍRUS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3925.

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Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-17T17:46:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALYNE APARECIDA FERREIRA FREITAS.pdf: 750774 bytes, checksum: f4eb9631ba2e7c7ff4dcdee8b5719580 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T17:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALYNE APARECIDA FERREIRA FREITAS.pdf: 750774 bytes, checksum: f4eb9631ba2e7c7ff4dcdee8b5719580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 The objective of this study was to evaluate the family impact in parents of children diagnosed with microcephaly by Zika virus. This is a cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach, using a sociodemographic questionnaire and family impact scale. A total of 76 parents with children undergoing rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment were surveyed at a reference center in Goiânia. After the application of the instruments, a database was made using the IBM SPSS Statistics 18 software. Descriptive analyzes were performed using frequency, mean and standard deviation. The tests used to evaluate the existence or not of a statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) between independent and multiple variables were the Student's T-Test and the ANOVA Scheffé test, respectively. The mother is the main caregiver, the majority of whom are young mothers, divorced or divorced, with a corresponding monthly family income of 1 to 3 minimum wages, belonging to the low income class. It was observed that the predominant period of the diagnosis of the microcephalic child was in prenatal care. The greater the tendency to engage in activities with friends, parties and to go to bars, the individuals were more likely to perform physical and leisure activities. It was evidenced a difficulty on the part of the parents to find reliable persons to take care of the child, as well as, lack of understanding of other people for the burden that is to take care of the deficient son and expressed the desire in not having more children. It is concluded that after the initial shock of receiving the diagnosis of the child, the parents go through the reorganization phase, adapting to the challenges, changes in routine and family structure. The involvement of health professionals is essential, providing support and guidance to these families. Coping strategies emphasized social support in the institutional network, optimism, resilience and spirituality. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto familiar em pais de crianças diagnosticadas com microcefalia pelo Zika vírus. Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando-se de um questionário sociodemográfico e a escala de impacto familiar (EIF). Foram pesquisados 76 pais com filhos em tratamento de reabilitação e readaptação em um centro de referência de Goiânia/Go. Após a aplicação dos instrumentos, foi confeccionado um banco de dados utilizando o software IBM SPSS Statistics 18. Por meio deste, foram realizadas análises descritivas utilizando-se frequência relativa e absoluta, média e desvio padrão. Os testes utilizados para avaliar a existência ou não de diferença estatisticamente significativa (p≤0,05) entre amostras independentes e múltiplas variáveis, foi utilizado o teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) Scheffé. A mãe é a principal cuidadora, sendo na sua maioria mães jovens, divorciadas ou desquitadas, apresentando renda mensal familiar correspondente de 1 a 3 salários mínimos, pertencentes à classe renda baixa. Observou-se ser no pré-natal o período predominante do recebimento do diagnóstico do filho microcefálico. Quanto maior a tendência de empreender atividades com amigos, festas e a frequentar bares, os indivíduos se mosraram mais propensos a realizarem atividades físicas e de lazer. Foi evidenciado uma dificuldade por parte dos pais em encontrar pessoas de confiança para cuidar do filho, bem como, falta de compreensão de outras pessoas pelo fardo que é cuidar do filho deficiente e expresso o desejo em não ter mais filhos. Conclui-se que após o choque inicial do recebimento do diagnóstico do filho, os genitores passam pela fase de reorganização, adaptando aos desafios, alterações na rotina e estrutura familiar. É fundamental o envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde, fornecendo suporte e orientação a essas famílias. Destacaram-se como estratégias de enfrentamento o apoio social na rede institucional, otimismo, resiliência e espiritualidade.

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Grant, Alesha. "Functional Conservation of Interferon Antagonism among Flaviviruses| Zika Virus Targets Human STAT2." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270604.

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Flaviviruses are a diverse group of emerging arboviruses capable of infecting an extraordinarily broad range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Nearly half of the viruses in this rapidly expanding genus have been reported to be pathogenic for humans, as well as other vertebrates. The spectrum of human disease includes asymptomatic and febrile illnesses, rash, arthralgia, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) has uncovered pathology in the form of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, cementing the importance of flaviviruses as emerging human pathogens. All vector-borne flaviviruses studied thus far have to overcome type I interferon (IFN) antiviral responses in order to replicate and cause disease in vertebrates. The non-structural protein NS5 is a potent and specific antagonist of IFN signaling for human pathogenic flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEVs). Intriguingly, each of these viruses exhibits different mechanisms of IFN antagonism, highlighting the complicated evolutionary nature of flaviviruses. This thesis work presents novel insights into the NS5-mediated antagonism of IFN signaling for several underexamined flaviviruses. Notably, all NS5 proteins examined were able to inhibit IFN-induced gene expression in a mammalian system, indicating a functional conservation of IFN antagonism for flavivirus NS5 proteins. However, mechanistically NS5 function was diverse. Of great interest, ZIKV NS5 bound to the human, but not mouse, IFN-regulated transcriptional activator STAT2 and targeted it for proteasomal degradation. This phenomenon may explain the requirement for IFN deficiency in order to observe ZIKV pathogenesis in mice. Furthermore, the mechanism of ZIKV NS5 resembles that of DENV NS5, but not that of its closer relative Spondweni virus (SPOV). However, unlike DENV NS5, ZIKV NS5 did not require the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR4 to induce STAT2 degradation. Consequently, flavivirus NS5 proteins exhibit a remarkable functional convergence in IFN antagonism, albeit by virus-specific mechanisms. The potent antagonism of human IFN responses by neglected flaviviruses such as SPOV and Usutu virus (USUV), coupled with similar ecologies to that of known human flavivirus pathogens, suggests their potential for broad emergence into the human population.

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Radic, Vesna. "Development of cell culture assays for identification of potential Zika virus inhibitors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329420.

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Clé, Marion. "Etude du neurotropisme de deux arbovirus émergents : les virus Zika et Usutu." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT024.

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Les virus émergents sont définis comme étant des virus gagnant de nouveaux territoires ou comme des virus connus mais ayant muté ou recombiné au point de devenir beaucoup plus transmissibles et contagieux dans la population. Ces virus posent des problèmes majeurs pour la santé publique car ils peuvent être à l’origine de maladies parfois inconnues et potentiellement graves notamment neuroinvasives. C’est le cas, par exemple, avec l’émergence récente de deux virus neurotropes : Zika (ZIKV) et Usutu (USUV). ZIKV a été responsable d’épidémies principalement en Polynésie Française en 2013 et en Amérique Latine en 2015-2016 où il a été la cause chez certains patients d’atteintes neurologiques (encéphalite, méningo-encéphalite, syndrome de Guillain-Barré, microcéphalie, etc.). USUV, quant à lui, a émergé récemment en Europe, où il a été impliqué dans une importante mortalité aviaire (principalement chez le merle noir) mais aussi dans des infections neuroinvasives chez l’Homme (encéphalite, méningo-encéphalite, etc.). Malgré cela, la pathogenèse de ces deux virus reste peu explorée. L'objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser l’effet de l’infection du ZIKV sur la structure et l’homéostasie de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) ainsi que d'évaluer et de comparer la neuropathogénicité de différentes lignées d’USUV en combinant des approches in vivo et in vitro. Nos résultats suggèrent premièrement une interaction complexe entre le ZIKV et la BHE qui pourrait déclencher une inflammation locale, le recrutement de leucocytes et une éventuelle perturbation vasculaire cérébrale sur du long terme. Deuxièmement, pour USUV, nos résultats corrèlent avec les pathologies inflammatoires cérébrales engendrées chez l’Homme comme l’encéphalite. De plus, suite à l’analyse des lignées circulantes d’USUV, nos résultats suggèrent que certaines lignées d’USUV peuvent avoir une neurovirulence plus importante, notamment la lignée Europe 2. L'émergence et la propagation rapide des nouveaux virus illustrent le défi complexe et constant pour la santé humaine. Aujourd’hui, de nombreux facteurs tels que les modifications écologiques, l’augmentation des déplacements animaliers et de la densité de la population mondiale ainsi que l’amélioration des moyens de transport favorisent l’apparition des virus émergents et facilitent leur transmission. Pour ces raisons, il est nécessaire d’étudier plus en détails les mécanismes impliqués dans l’infection virale (entrée du virus dans les cellules, sa transmission, sa multiplication et etc.) pour développer des traitements antiviraux adaptés ou des vaccins spécifiques.Mots clés : Virus Zika, Virus Usutu, flavivirus, système nerveux central, neurovirulence et neurotropisme Emerging viruses are defined as viruses gaining new territories or as known viruses that have mutated or recombined and become more pathogenic and contagious in the population. These viruses represent major public health problems as they can sometimes cause unknown and potentially serious disorders, particularly neuroinvasive diseases. This is the case, for example, with the recent emergence of two neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV). ZIKV is responsible for epidemics mainly in French Polynesia in 2013 and Latin America in 2015-2016, where it was also responsible for neurological disorders (encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, microcephaly, and others) in some patients. USUV has recently emerged in Europe, where it has been implicated in significant avian mortality, mainly in blackbirds, but also in neuroinvasive infections in humans (encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and others). Despite this, the pathogenesis of these two emerging viruses remained poorly explored. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the effects of ZIKV infection on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure and homeostasis and to evaluate and compare the neuropathogenicity of different USUV lineages by combining in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our results first suggest a complex interaction between ZIKV and the BBB that could trigger local inflammation, leukocyte recruitment, and possible long-term cerebrovascular impairment. Secondly, regarding USUV, our data suggest that the virus can reach the brain and cause massive inflammation leading to the recruitment of immune cells, which correlates with human brain inflammatory pathologies such as encephalitis. Also, following the analysis of circulating USUV lineages, our results suggest that some USUV lineages may have a higher degree of neurovirulence, notably the Europe 2 lineage. The emergence and rapid spread of new viruses constitute a complex and constant challenge for human health. Today, many factors such as ecological changes, increased animal movements, world population density, and improved means of transport are contributing to emerging virus appearance and facilitating their transmission. For these reasons, it is necessary to study in greater detail mechanisms of viral infection (entry of the virus into cells, transmission, multiplication, and etc.) to develop appropriate antiviral treatments or specific vaccines.Key Words: Zika Virus, Usutu Virus, flavivirus, central nervous system, neurovirulence and neurotropism

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Saba, Villarroel Paola Mariela. "Epidemiology of central nervous system infections and of Zika virus in Bolivia." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200424_SABAVILLARROEL_796lerwvy638nrfmjn965osdp469z_TH.pdf.

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Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective (nov-2017 à oct-2018) chez des patients boliviens hospitalisés suspectés d'infection du SNC pour identifier les plus courants étiologies et orienter les stratégies de diagnostic, de traitement, de prévention et de santé publique. Nous avons recruté 257 patients hospitalisés (20,2% VIH positifs), une étiologie infectieuse a été confirmée chez 49,8% des patients. Les principales étiologies chez les patients VIH positifs étaient Cryptococcus spp. (41,7%) et M. tuberculosis (27,8%) et chez les patients VIH négatifs, M. tuberculosis (26,1%) et S. pneumoniae (18,5%). La mortalité était de 42,1%. Notre étude appelle à renforcer la politique de santé publique, en particulier en ce qui concerne la tuberculose, la rage et la prévention et les soins du VIH.Le virus Zika (ZIKV) a récemment émergé dans les Amériques, et des complications neurologiques chez le fœtus de femmes infectées pendant la grossesse ont été rapportés. Tout d'abord, nous avons développé un test de neutralisation rentable, automatisé, sensible et spécifique basé sur l'effet cytopathique (CPE) pour effectuer de grandes études de séroprévalence. Deuxièmement, nous avons effectué une étude de séroprévalence en 5 villes de la Bolivie (Décembre 2016 à avril-2017) pour estimer l'immunité collective du ZIKV, confirmant la circulation dans les régions tropicales (Santa Cruz (21,5%) et Beni (39%)) avec Santa Cruz toujours vulnérable aux futures épidémies. Troisièmement, 74 femmes enceintes de Santa Cruz (Bolivie) ont été recrutées (2018), 15 (20,3%) étaient positives pour ZIKV en analysant différent méthodes moléculaires et sérologiques We performed a prospective study from Nov-2017 to Oct-2018 in Bolivian inpatients with suspected CNS infections to identify the most common aetiologies and to guide diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and public health strategies. We recruited 257 inpatients (20.2% HIV-positive), an infectious aetiology was confirmed in 49.8% of patients. The main aetiologies in HIV-positive patients were Cryptococcus spp. (41.7%) and M. tuberculosis (27.8%), in HIV-negative patients M. tuberculosis (26.1%) and S. pneumoniae (18.5%). The mortality rate was 42.1. Our study calls to reinforced public health policy, in particular regarding tuberculosis, rabies and HIV prevention and care. Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged in the Americas and congenital abnormalities in fetus from women infected during pregnancy have been reported. First, we developed a cost-effective, automatized, sensitive and specific neutralization test based on cytopathic effect (CPE) to perform large seroprevalence studies. Second, we performed a seroprevalence study in 5 cities of Bolivia (Dec-2016 to April-2017) to estimate the ZIKV protective herd immunity, confirming the circulation in the tropical regions (Santa Cruz (21.5%) and Beni (39%)), with Santa Cruz still vulnerable to future outbreaks. Third, 74 pregnant women from Santa Cruz (Bolivia) were recruited (2018), 15 (20.3%) were positive by analyzing different molecular and serological methods

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Silveira, Roberta Maraninchi. "Localização subcelular do vírus da Zika durante a infecção em células humanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-13092018-105525/.

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O vírus da Zika (ZIKV) é um arbovírus emergente da família Flaviviridae, do gênero Flavivirus transmitido por mosquitos Aedes. Apesar da sua importância emergente na saúde pública, ainda pouco se conhece sobre os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no ciclo replicativo do ZIKV em célula humanas. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi caracterizar a distribuição subcelular do ZIKV na célula hospedeira e elucidar fatores celulares que regulam o tráfego intracelular de proteínas envolvidos nesses processos. Mais especificamente, determinar os compartimentos celulares que servem de plataforma de montagem para o ZIKV. Além disso, também verificar se o funcionamento da maquinaria Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) é requerido no ciclo replicativo de ZIKV. Para identificar a localização subcelular do ZIKV, foram utilizados diferentes marcadores celulares, e, de acordo com os resultados, foi demonstrado que com 3 horas pós infecção (h. p. i.) ocorre colocalização de proteínas do ZIKV com um marcador de endossomo primário, enquanto que com 15h p.i. já é possível detectar proteínas virais no Retículo Endoplasmático (RE). Subsequentemente, com 27h p.i. o ZIKV direciona-se para o complexo de Golgi. Juntos, esses resultados indicam o direcionamento do ZIKV através da via secretória ao longo do tempo. Além disso, foi testado o envolvimento da maquinaria dos ESCRTs por meio do silenciamento da expressão da proteína TSG101 de ESCRT-I em células infectadas com ZIKV. Os resultados obtidos, sugerem que ESCRT-I tem participação importante na replicação do ZIKV, ocorrendo a diminuição dos títulos virais quando TSG101 é depletada da célula. Em conjunto, os resultados permitem concluir que ao longo da infecção o ZIKV encontrase associado aos compartimentos da via secretória inicial (RE e complexo de Golgi), e que a proteína TSG101 de ESCRT-I exerce papel importante na replicação viral. Sendo assim, esse estudo possibilitou um melhor entendimento sobre a dinâmica de replicação do ZIKV em células humanas. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, of the genus Flavivirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Despite its emerging importance in public health, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the replicative cycle of ZIKV in human cells. Thus, the general objective of this study was to characterize the subcellular distribution of the ZIKV in the host cell and to elucidate cellular factors that regulate the intracellular trafficking of proteins involved in these processes. More specifically, to determine the cellular compartments that serve as assembly platforms for the ZIKV. In addition, the study aimed to verify if the functioning of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery is required in the replicative cycle of ZIKV. In order to identify the subcellular localization of ZIKV, different intracellular markers were used, and, according to the results, it was demonstrated that at 3 hours post infection (h. p. i.) ZIKV proteins colocalize with an early endosome marker, whereas within 15h p.i. it is already possible to detect newlysynthesized viral proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequently, within 27h p.i., the ZIKV is directed to the Golgi complex. Together, these results delineate the targeting of ZIKV proteins through the secretory pathway over time. In addition, the involvement of the ESCRT machinery was tested by knocking down the expression of ESCRT-I protein TSG101 in ZIKV-infected cells. The results obtained suggest that ESCRT-I plays an important role in ZIKV replication, with viral titers decreasing when TSG101 levels are depleted in the cell. Together, the results allow us to conclude that ZIKV is associated with the initial secretory pathways (RE and Golgi complex) throughout the infection, and that the ESCRT-I TSG101 protein plays an important role in viral replication. Thus, this study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of ZIKV replication in human cells.

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Mendes, Rafaela Batista Molás. "Investigação da proteína Anexina A1 em placentas humanas infectadas por Zika vírus /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182052.

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Orientador: Sonia Maria Oliani Coorientador: Jusciele Brogin Moreli Banca: Estela Maris Andrade Forell Bevilacqua Banca: Flávia Cristina Rodrigues Lisoni Resumo: Introdução: A associação da infecção por Zika vírus (ZIKV) com malformação congênita e sequelas neurológicas trouxe uma preocupação global significativa. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que a infecção viral induz altos níveis de inflamação nas vilosidades placentárias. Neste contexto, a proteína anti-inflamatória anexina 1 (ANXA1) tem sido avaliada especialmente em células de defesa e associada com atividades antiparasitárias em explantes placentários infectados. Embora esses efeitos tenham sido explorados em diversas investigações, suas atividades ainda não estão completamente esclarecidas em placentas infectadas com ZIKV. Objetivos: Avaliar o envolvimento da proteína ANXA1 em placentas de mães infectadas pelo ZIKV. Materiais e métodos: Com o sangue materno e placentas, usando a técnica PCR em tempo real, foi possível classificar três grupos de estudo: (i) Neg/Neg (mãe e placenta negativas para o vírus), (ii) Pos/Neg (mãe infectada com vírus e placenta negativa) e (iii) Pos/Pos (mãe e placenta infectadas com vírus). Os fragmentos placentários foram fixados, incluídos em parafina e analisados para presença do ZIKV (anti-flavivirus 4g2), estruturalmente e para imunomarcações de células trofoblásticas (citoqueratina), mesenquimais e endoteliais (vimentina) e vasos (α-sma). As células inflamatórias foram analisadas por imunofluorescência e os níveis das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-8 pelo analisador Multiplex Magpix. A expressão da ANXA1 foi avaliada por... Abstract: Introduction: The association of Zika virus infection (ZIKV) with congenital malformation and neurological sequelae brought a significant global concern. Recent studies have shown that maternal viral infection induces inflammation in the placental tissue. In this context, the antiinflammatory protein annexin 1 (ANXA1) has been specially related to resolution of inflammation through multiple mechanisms and associated with antiparasitic activity in infected placental explants. Although these effects have been explored in several investigations, its activities have not yet been fully elucidated in placentas infected with ZIKV. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the involvement of ANXA1 in placentas of ZIKV-infected mothers. Methods: With maternal blood and placenta, using the rt-PCR techinique, It was classified three study groups: Neg/Neg (mother and placenta negative for the virus), Pos/Neg (infected mother, but no virus detected in placenta) and Pos/Pos (mother and placenta infected with ZIKV). Placental fragments were fixed, embedded in paraffin and analyzed for the presence of ZIKV (anti-flavivirus 4g2), structurally, and immunohistochemistry for trophoblast (cytokeratin), mesenchymal and endothelial cells (vimentin) and arterial vessels (α-sma). Inflammatory cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence (CD-3, CD-15 and CD45 positive cells) and levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-8 by the Magpix Multiplex analyzer. ANXA1 expression was assessed ... Mestre

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Frizzo, Ana Cládia Figueiredo. "Estudo da função auditiva central de crianças com microcefalia por Zika vírus /." Marília, 2019.

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Denis, Jessica. "Discrimination sérologique de flavivirus, étude du domaine III de la protéine d’enveloppe du virus Zika comme cible d’anticorps spécifiques. High specificity and sensitivity of Zika EDIII-based ELISA diagnosis highlighted by a large human reference panel. Vector-Borne Transmission of the Zika Virus Asian Genotype in Europe." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS078.

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Le virus Zika fait partie du genre des Flavivirus comme le virus de la dengue. Ils sont transmis par les moustiques du genre Aedes. En 2015, une épidémie a causé plus de 700 000 infections, à l’origine de microcéphalies chez les fœtus et de syndromes de Guillain Barré. Pour la première fois, la transmission d’un arbovirus par voie sexuelle est mise en évidence. Les Flavivirus co-circulent dans de nombreux pays, parfois de façon concomitante. Leurs infections induisent des anticorps capables de reconnaitre différents Flavivirus. Cette réactivité croisée peut conduire, en fonction de leur concentration et de leur affinité à une séro-neutralisation virale croisée ou au contraire aggraver la pathologie liée à une seconde infection. Deux problématiques dues à cette réaction croisée apparaissent, (i) il est difficile de rendre un sérodiagnostic fiable et (ii) un vaccin pourrait induire, au contraire d’une protection, une aggravation des pathologies. Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons évalué la fiabilité de reconnaissance du domaine III de la protéine d’enveloppe du virus Zika par les anticorps qu’une infection virale induit chez l’homme. Ce domaine porte des épitopes reconnus spécifiquement par des IgG produits lors d’une infection par ce virus ce qui en fait un marqueur spécifique. L’ELISA mis au point a une sensibilité de 92% et une spécificité de 90%. Avec cet outil nous avons diagnostiqué un cas ancien présent dans une zone pré-épidémique ainsi qu’un cas autochtone dans le sud de la France en 2019. Le suivi de la cinétique d’apparition et de disparition des IgM et des IgG de patients pendant une année nous a permis d’estimer une fenêtre d’utilisation de notre diagnostic, tout en caractérisant les réponses immunitaires humorales liées à l’intensité des infections, la gravité de la pathologie ainsi que la présence d’une cicatrice sérologique. Enfin, l’étude d’anticorps induits par ce domaine complexé à une nanoparticule dans un modèle animal a montré un fort pouvoir adjuvant de ces nanoparticules ainsi qu’une reconnaissance spécifique du virus Zika The Zika virus, like the dengue virus, is a Flavivirus and both are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In 2015, an epidemic caused more than 700,000 infections, leading to foetal microcephaly and Guillain Barré syndrome. In addition, sexual transmission of the Zika virus was demonstrated for the first time. Flaviviruses co-circulate in many countries, sometimes concomitantly. Infections with Flaviviruses induce cross-reacting antibodies, leading to cross-neutralization or, on the contrary, worsening of the disease following a second infection, depending on their concentration and affinity. Such cross-reaction leads to two principle problems: (i) it is difficult to make a reliable serodiagnosis and (ii) a vaccine may aggravate the disease instead of providing protection. Here, we evaluated the reliability of antibodies induced during human infections to recognise envelope protein domain III of the Zika virus. This domain carries epitopes recognized by the IgG produced during a Zika virus infection, making it a specific marker. An ELISA developed to detect this domain shows 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity. We used this tool to diagnose an old case from a pre-epidemic area as well as an indigenous case from the south of France in 2019. Monitoring the kinetics of the appearance and disappearance of IgM and IgG in the blood of patients for one year allowed us to estimate the window of use for our diagnostic tool, while characterizing the humoral immune responses linked to the epidemic and the severity of the disease, as well as the presence of a serological scar. Finally, the study of antibodies induced by this domain complexed to nanoparticles in an animal model showed such nanoparticles to be a strong adjuvant and the antibodies to specifically recognize the Zika virus

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Tantaléan, Yépez Derek, José Sánchez-Carbonel, Urizar Gabriela Ulloa, et al. "Arboviruses emerging in Peru: need for early detection of febrile syndrome during El Niño episodes." Elsevier B.V, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/615645.

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The presence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) implies the presence of fluctuating rains in coastal areas and these changes influence the occurrence of febrile syndromes outbreaks. In Peru, Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for various viruses such as the dengue, Zika, chikungunya, which is distributed in 18 Peruvian departments. These viruses cause similar clinical characteristics in the host and for this reason rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are needed so that the patient can receive timely treatment. Revisión por pares

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Silveira, Caroline Nunes. "Avaliação da degradação do RNA viral do ZIKA vírus em diferentes compartimentos biológicos." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190729.

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Orientador: Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto Resumo: O vírus Zika pertence a família Flaviviridae, gênero Flavivirus e tem seu genoma viral constituído de uma molécula de RNA de fita simples de polaridade positiva, com aproximadamente 10.700 pb. As interações de Flavivirus com compartimentos biológicos como as plaquetas foram relatadas pela literatura, sendo demostrado que o vírus é carreado para outros tecidos e sua viabilidade é mantida por um maior tempo, no entanto, este tipo de estudo ainda não foi reportado para o ZIKV. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a carga viral do vírus Zika entre o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e o plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP). As amostras utilizadas foram coletadas de doadores saudáveis e posteriormente incubadas com o vírus ZIKA à 37°C na presença de CO2 durante 12 dias consecutivos, sendo retiradas alíquotas no momento do preparo e após 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 dias de incubação. Os resultados demostraram que a carga viral no PRP foi estatisticamente superior a do PPP depois de 12 dias de incubação com o vírus, sugerindo que as plaquetas podem carrear e preservar o vírus durante maior tempo comparado ao plasma isento de plaquetas. Abstract: The Zika virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, and the viral genome consists of the molecule single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of approximately 10,700 bp. The interaction of Flavivirus with biological compartments such as platelets has been reported in the literature, and have shown that the virus is carried to other tissues and its viability is maintained for a longer time. However, this kind of evaluation was not reported for ZIKV yet. The aim of this study was to compare the viral load of Zika virus between platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet poor plasma (PPP). The samples were collected from healthy donors and subsequently incubated with ZIKA virus at 37 ° C with CO2 atmosphere for 12 consecutive days. Aliquots were evaluated at the zero time and after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days of incubation Results showed that the viral load in PRP is statistically higher than in PPP after 12 days of incubation with the virus, suggesting that platelets can carry and preserve the virus longer than in platelet-free plasma. Mestre

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zikav'

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