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1

GNOCCHI, ANDREA. "UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF REPLICATION STRESS ON THE EXPRESSION OF EARLY GENES IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/814703.

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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by a rapid cell cycle, which leads to high replication stress (RS) in otherwise unperturbed conditions. The mechanisms that ESCs adopt to cope with their endogenous RS, however, remain to this day elusive. In our recent work we demonstrated that the activation of the checkpoint kinase ATR in response to RS leads to a broad activation of 2-cells stage specific genes in mouse ESCs. This response relies on the up-regulation of Dux, a transcription factor encoded in a macrosatellite sequence repeated in tandem. Dux is repressed by variant Polycomb repressive complex 1 (vPRC1) in unperturbed ESCs, independently from PRC2 presence. Here we demonstrate that RS causes a major rearrangement of both PRC1 and PRC2 in ESCs nuclei, resulting in a major loss of both repressive marks in correspondence to target promoters. Surprisingly, Dux undergoes an increase in vPRC1 occupancy upon RS in an ATR-dependent manner, possibly due to PRC1 involvement in the replication of highly repeated DNA sequences. More interestingly, Dux activation upon RS requires the presence of PRC2. This result is possibly due to PRC2 proved role in the processing of stalled replication forks, which are the main structure signaling RS. In agreement to this data, also the fork remodeling translocases HLTF and ZRANB3 displayed an effect in Dux activation following RS. Taken together, our results show that the up-regulation of 2-cells genes following RS not only requires ATR activation, but also downstream remodeling processes.
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2

Williams, Samuel S. "Zig Zag Wanderer." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2341.

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Narratives recollected from popular sources such as podcast and websites often inspire my animations, paintings, and drawings. My work serves as a pictorial manifestation of everything from visualized passages in literature to eavesdropping. I zigzag from one source to another, combining found images that are loosely associated with one another. I combine them in a simulated collage in order to form an interesting composition. My purpose is to create a magical moment that pulls us away from the monotony of life. Storytelling not only allows one to see oneself and how one relates to others, but it also can provide a way for a person to cope with the unpredictable nature of existence. I am hoping that my art will provide opportunities for the viewer to expand his/her own unique personal narrative.
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3

Shea, Lauren Elizabeth. "ZnGa₂O₄ and ZnGa₂O₄:Mn²⁺ for potential use in vacuum fluorescent displays /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063207/.

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4

Biderbost, Yvo. "Die Erziehungsbeistandschaft (Art. 308 ZGB) /." Freiburg, Schweiz : Univ.-Verl, 1996. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/271953764.pdf.

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5

Zeiter, Alexandra. "Die Erbstiftung : (Art. 493 ZGB) /." Freiburg, Schweiz : Univ-Verl, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/325801371.pdf.

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6

Kälin, Oliver. "Der Sachbegriff im schweizerischen ZGB /." Zürich : Schulthess, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/348873166.pdf.

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7

Andriolli, Clodoaldo Fadani. "Controle químico da podridão de giberela em espigas de milho pela aplicação de fungicida no espigamento." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1225.

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In southern Brazil, Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum is severe disease because the fungus is abundant in winter and summer crop residues, which helps inoculation in susceptible maize hybrids when have excessive periods of rain after pollination phase. This research aimed to determine the best time to spray fungicide during maize silking to control FHB. The experiment was conducted in field at the experimental area of Agroveterinarias Sciences Center at the Santa Catarina State University (CAV/UDESC) in Lages, Santa Catarina. Were seeded simple hybrids P32R48 H and Maximus TL TG Viptera during two periods in the growing seasons of 2012/13 and 2013/14. After five days of stigma emergence, the ears were artificially inoculated with 1 x 105 macroconídios.mL-1 concentration of F. graminearum injecting 2 ml of inoculum solution in stigma-style channel. Inoculations happen in 03/08/2013, 03/22/2013, 12/26/2013 and 01/19/2014. The fungicide was a mixture of azoxystrobin + cyproconazole (300 mL c.p/ha) + carbendazim (1 L c.p/ha) + nimbus mineral oil (0.5% v.v/ha). The treats were six fungicide spray times: 144, 96 and 48 hours before inoculation; 48, 96 and 144 hours after inoculation and a control, only inoculated without fungicide application. The experiment design was randomized block with four replications. The fungicide was applied with a manual CO2 gas sprayer. The variables evaluated were severity of FHB in the ears (SGE), percentage of damaged kernels (PGA), incidence of F. graminearum in the grains (IFgG) and grain yield (RG). Data were subjected to variance analysis, Tukey´s test and simple correlation analysis. The hybrid P32R48H was more susceptible than Maximus TL TG Viptera to FHB. Sprays 48 hours before and after inoculation were effective to reduce SGE in approximately 50% and 41%; to reduce PGA by 33% and 50%; to reduce IFgG by 27%; and to increase RG by 9% and 7%, respectively when compared to control. There is a negative linear correlation between SGE, PGA, IFgG and RG variables. The yield and grain quality were improved by fungicide spray between the 3rd and 7th day period after stigma issue
Na região Sul do Brasil, a podridão de espiga de giberela, causada pelo fungo Fusarium graminearum, é uma doença preocupante, pois o fungo é abundante nos resíduos culturais das gramíneas de inverno e de verão, o que facilita a sua inoculação nas espigas de híbridos suscetíveis em safras com excesso de chuva após a fase da polinização. Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo definir o melhor momento para pulverização de fungicida durante o estádio do espigamento do milho para controlar a podridão de espiga de giberela. O experimento foi conduzido à campo, na área experimental do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (CAV/UDESC) no município de Lages, Santa Catarina. Foram semeados os híbridos simples P32R48 H e Maximus TL TG Viptera, em duas épocas nas safras agrícolas de 2012/13 e 2013/14. Após cinco dias da emissão dos estigmas, as espigas foram inoculadas artificialmente com uma concentração de 1 x 105 macroconídios.mL-1 de F. graminearum injetando 2 mL da solução de inóculo no canal do estilo-estigma. As inoculações foram realizadas nos dias 08/03/2013, 22/03/2013, 26/12/2013 e 19/01/2014. O fungicida utilizado foi a mistura de azoxistrobina + ciproconazole (300 mL p.c/ha) + carbendazim (1 L p.c/ha) + oléo mineral Nimbus (0,5% v.v./ha). Os tratamentos constituiram-se em seis momentos de pulverização do fungicida: 144, 96 e 48 horas antes da inoculação; 48, 96 e 144 horas depois da inoculação e uma testemunha, somente inoculado sem aplicação de fungicida. A distribuição dos tratamentos seguiu o modelo do delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O fungicida foi aplicado com o auxílio de pulverizador costal com pressão produzida por gás CO2. As variáveis avaliadas foram severidade da giberela nas espigas (SGE), porcentagem de grãos ardidos (PGA), incidência de F. graminearum nos grãos (IFgG) e rendimento de grãos (RG). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, ao teste de Tukey e a análise de correlação simples. O híbrido P32R48H apresentou-se mais suscetível a podridão de giberela. As pulverizações 48 horas antes e depois da inoculação foram eficientes em reduzir a SGE em aproximadamente 50% e 41%; em reduzir a PGA em 33% e 50%; em reduzir a IFgG em 27%; e em aumentar o RG em 9% e 7%, respectivamente quando comparados ao tratamento sem fungicida. Existe associação entre as variáveis SGE, PGA, IFgG e RG. Pode-se aumentar o rendimento e melhorar a qualidade de grãos com a aplicação de fungicida no período do 3º ao 7º dia após a emissão dos estigmas
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8

Peräläinen, Lina. "Variations in the performance of maize (Zea mayz) yield under reclaimed wastewater irrigation in south-eastern Australia : management of salinity, water and nutrient budgets /." Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10320999.pdf.

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9

Maillet, Daniel Stewart. "Nuclear organization in Zea mays L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58406.pdf.

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10

Dixon, David Peter. "Glutathione transferases in maize (Zea mays)." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4788/.

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The glutathione transferases (GSTs) of maize have been the most studied GSTs in plants, however much is still not known about these enzymes. In the course of the current study six GST subunits (Zm GSTs I, II and III, which have been reported previously, and Zm GSTs V, VI and VII, which have not been previously reported) have been identified in the dimers Zm GST I-I, I-II, I-III, V-V, V-VI and V-VII. Maize GSTs are known to be important in herbicide detoxification and the purified maize enzymes were each found to have differing activities toward a number of herbicides, and also a range of other potential GST substrates. Additionally, Zm GST I II and Zm GST V-V possessed glutathione peroxidase activity. The developmental regulation and chemical inducibility of maize GSTs were studied in maize seedlings using western blotting, with different subunits showing markedly different responses. Zm GST I was constitutively present in all plant parts and unaffected by chemical treatment, Zm GST II was only detected in young roots but was induced in roots and shoots by many different chemical treatments, and Zm GST V was present at low levels throughout maize plants, with levels enhanced greatly by treatment with the safener dichlormid but not by other chemicals tested. cDNA clones corresponding to Zm GST subunits I, III, V, VI and VII were isolated by library screening using antibody or DNA probes. The cDNA sequences for Zm GST subunits V, VI and VH were different from those of previously cloned type I (theta class) maize GSTs and were most similar to the auxin-regulated GST family (type III or tau class GSTs) previously only identified in dicotyledonous species. The cloned GSTs were expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli, allowing further characterisation, including detailed kinetic analysis for recombinant Zm GST I-I and Zm GST V-V.
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11

Southgate, Elizabeth M. "Genetic manipulation of Zea mays L." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319613.

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12

Loven, Bjoern. "The zea shipsheds - topography and architecture." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529037.

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13

ANSELMO, MARCELLA. "Automates bilateres et codes zig-zag." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077005.

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Le point de depart de ce travail est l'introduction d'une operation dite zig-zag, sur les langages formels et les series formelles, qui est une version bilatere de la concatenation des mots. Les objets etudies sont d'une part les structures qui peuvent etre introduites a partir de cette operation (langages zig-zag, codes zig-zag et series zig-zag) et d'autre part les automates bilateres avec multiplicite, dont les problemes sont strictement lies aux autres traites dans la these. L'operation zig-zag se revele etre une operation rationnelle sur les langages, mais pas sur les series. Les series zig-zag ne sont pas toujours rationnelles: une double caracterisation des series zig-zag rationnelles est presentee ici. Un resultat des plus interessants dans cette these est la decidabilite des codes zig-zag rationnels, prouvee via la representation des langages zig-zag par automates bilateres. Les problemes du comptage des factorisations zig-zag d'un mot sur un langage donnent l'occasion d'introduire la notion d'automate bilatere avec multiplicite. Le resultat principal est l'extension du theoreme de rabin, scott et shepherdson au cas des automates avec multiplicite. On presente, en effet, une construction qui permet d'obtenir un automate unilatere avec multiplicite qui reconnait la meme serie qu'un automate bilatere donne avec multiplicite dans un demi-anneau commutatif et satisfaisant une certaine condition. Cette condition est montree etre necessaire. Ces resultats montrent en particulier que, contrairement a ce qui arrive pour la reconnaissance des langages, les automates bilateres sont plus puissants que les automates unilateres pour la reconnaissance des series
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14

Molina, Belver María del Carmen. "Estudios citogenéticos evolutivos del género Zea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/9912.

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El género Zea comprende varias especies de gramíneas de origen americano, de las cuales la única que tiene valor económico es Zea mays ssp mays, conocida como maíz, un cereal de alto valor energético cultivado para el consumo humano y animal. Las especies silvestres, conocidas colectivamente como Teosintes, difieren significativamente en su aspecto fenotípico con respecto al maíz, aunque en algunos casos, han desarrollado un aspecto similar, como respuesta a la erradicación selectiva realizada por los granjeros que la consideran una maleza del cultivo de maíz. Con el fin de dilucidar las relaciones fitogenéticas, el nivel de ploidía y la diferenciación evolutiuva de los genomios homeólogos del género Zea, se analizaron especies e híbridos de Zea a nivel fenotípico, genotípico y citogenético, induciéndose con solución diluida de colchicina el apareamiento intergenómico críptico de los genomios homeólogos. Los resultados obtenidos en este proyecto de investigación han proporcionado datos valiosos sobre las relaciones filogenéticas y evolutivas de las especies de este género. Asimismo, sobre la base de los resultados, se plantea una hipótesis en torno al origen evolutivo de la especie cultivada.
Molina Belver, MDC. (2011). Estudios citogenéticos evolutivos del género Zea [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/9912
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15

Ambrose, Barbara A. "Floral organ specification in Zea mays /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9970673.

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16

Nais, Juliana [UNESP]. "Infestação de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em híbridos comerciais de milho (Zea mays L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102279.

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O milho é uma das plantas domesticadas pelo homem mais antigas do mundo e sua produção se torna ameaçada diante do ataque de pragas. Dentre elas destacam-se a lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda e a lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea. A S. frugiperda ataca preferencialmente o cartucho das plantas consumindo grande parte da área foliar antes de as folhas se desenvolverem. A H. zea é referida prejudicando a cultura atacando os estilo-estigmas e alimentando-se dos grãos leitosos. Para promover o manejo dessas pragas com a mínima utilização de agrotóxicos, a tecnologia das plantas geneticamente modificadas tem sido objeto de estudos. Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram avaliar a infestação de lagartas e injúrias de S. frugiperda e determinar o comportamento de oviposição, intensidade de infestação, danos nos estilo-estigmas e espigas provocados por H. zea em condições de campo, em híbridos convencionais e transgênicos. Os híbridos foram semeados na safrinha de 2010 e na safra de 2010/2011, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (híbridos) e quatro repetições. Diferentes níveis de infestação ocorreram durante os experimentos nos híbridos Bt e não Bt. O híbrido 2B710HX foi o menos infestado com lagartas de S. frugiperda e o menos danificado, o que se conclui que a expressão da toxina Cry1F foi a mais efetiva na proteção da planta, independente da época de semeadura. Os híbridos que expressam a toxina Cry1Ab e Cry1F foram os mais efetivos no controle da H. zea em Jaboticabal, independente da época de semeadura. Em Pindorama, SP, a toxina Cry1F apresentaram bons resultados contra a infestação de lagartas
The maize is a plant domesticated by humans world’s oldest and your production becomes threatened before the attack of pests. Among the pest that attack maize stand out the fall armyworn Spodoptera frugiperda and the bollworm Helicoverpa zea. S. frugiperda attacks preferably the maize plants consuming much of the leaf area before the leaves develop. H. zea hurting the culture attacking style-stigma and destroying the mand. In order to promote the management of these pests with minimal use of pesticides, the technology of genetically modified plants has been the subject of many studies. In this paper, the objective was to evaluate the infestation and injuries of S. frugiperda and determine the oviposition behavior, intensity of infestation, damage to the style-stigma and in ear caused by H. zea in field conditions in conventional and transgenic maize hybrids. The hybrids were planted in the harvest in the summer of 2010 and in harvest 2010/2011, in a randomized blocks with seven treatments (hybrids) and four replications. Different levels of infestation of larvae occurred throughout the development of conventional and transgenic hybrids. The hybrid 2B710HX was the least infested with larvae of S. frugiperda and the least damaged, which concludes that the Cry1F toxin was the most effective in protecting the plant, regardless of time of sowing. The hybrids expressing the Cry11Ab and Cry1F toxin were most effective in controlling H. zea in Jaboticabal, SP, regardless of sowing time. In Pindorama, SP, toxin Cry1F showed good results against the infestation of caterpillars
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17

Nais, Juliana. "Infestação de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em híbridos comerciais de milho (Zea mays L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102279.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Busoli
Coorientador: Marcos Doniseti Michelotto
Banca: Aildson Pereira Duarte
Banca: Julio César Guerreiro
Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior
Banca: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
Resumo: O milho é uma das plantas domesticadas pelo homem mais antigas do mundo e sua produção se torna ameaçada diante do ataque de pragas. Dentre elas destacam-se a lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda e a lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea. A S. frugiperda ataca preferencialmente o cartucho das plantas consumindo grande parte da área foliar antes de as folhas se desenvolverem. A H. zea é referida prejudicando a cultura atacando os estilo-estigmas e alimentando-se dos grãos leitosos. Para promover o manejo dessas pragas com a mínima utilização de agrotóxicos, a tecnologia das plantas geneticamente modificadas tem sido objeto de estudos. Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram avaliar a infestação de lagartas e injúrias de S. frugiperda e determinar o comportamento de oviposição, intensidade de infestação, danos nos estilo-estigmas e espigas provocados por H. zea em condições de campo, em híbridos convencionais e transgênicos. Os híbridos foram semeados na safrinha de 2010 e na safra de 2010/2011, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (híbridos) e quatro repetições. Diferentes níveis de infestação ocorreram durante os experimentos nos híbridos Bt e não Bt. O híbrido 2B710HX foi o menos infestado com lagartas de S. frugiperda e o menos danificado, o que se conclui que a expressão da toxina Cry1F foi a mais efetiva na proteção da planta, independente da época de semeadura. Os híbridos que expressam a toxina Cry1Ab e Cry1F foram os mais efetivos no controle da H. zea em Jaboticabal, independente da época de semeadura. Em Pindorama, SP, a toxina Cry1F apresentaram bons resultados contra a infestação de lagartas
Abstract: The maize is a plant domesticated by humans world's oldest and your production becomes threatened before the attack of pests. Among the pest that attack maize stand out the fall armyworn Spodoptera frugiperda and the bollworm Helicoverpa zea. S. frugiperda attacks preferably the maize plants consuming much of the leaf area before the leaves develop. H. zea hurting the culture attacking style-stigma and destroying the mand. In order to promote the management of these pests with minimal use of pesticides, the technology of genetically modified plants has been the subject of many studies. In this paper, the objective was to evaluate the infestation and injuries of S. frugiperda and determine the oviposition behavior, intensity of infestation, damage to the style-stigma and in ear caused by H. zea in field conditions in conventional and transgenic maize hybrids. The hybrids were planted in the harvest in the summer of 2010 and in harvest 2010/2011, in a randomized blocks with seven treatments (hybrids) and four replications. Different levels of infestation of larvae occurred throughout the development of conventional and transgenic hybrids. The hybrid 2B710HX was the least infested with larvae of S. frugiperda and the least damaged, which concludes that the Cry1F toxin was the most effective in protecting the plant, regardless of time of sowing. The hybrids expressing the Cry11Ab and Cry1F toxin were most effective in controlling H. zea in Jaboticabal, SP, regardless of sowing time. In Pindorama, SP, toxin Cry1F showed good results against the infestation of caterpillars
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18

Fustier, Margaux-Alison. "Adaptation locale des téosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis et Zea mays ssp. mexicana le long de gradients altitudinaux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS147/document.

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Les téosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis et ssp. mexicana sont les apparentés sauvages les plus proches du maïs cultivé. Elles occupent au Mexique des niches écologiques distinctes bien délimitées par l’altitude. Zea mays ssp. parviglumis pousse dans des environnements chauds et humides situés à moins de 1800m d’altitude, tandis que Zea mays ssp mexicana pousse dans des environnements plus secs et froids (au-dessus de 1800m). Nous nous sommes intéressés aux bases génétiques de l’adaptation locale des téosintes à l’altitude. Dans ce but, 37 populations ont été échantillonnées le long de deux gradients altitudinaux, utilisés comme réplicats biologiques. Deux populations extrêmes de chaque gradient ainsi que deux populations de moyenne altitude de chaque sous-espèce du gradient 1 ont été séquencées à faible profondeur afin de découvrir des polymorphismes dont les fréquences alléliques sont contrastées entre les extrêmes tout en contrôlant pour la différenciation entre les sous-espèces. A partir de méthodes de détection de la sélection intra- et inter-populationnelle, des locus candidats ont été détectés. Une revue bibliographique a permis d’établir des correspondances entre nos candidats et des régions précédemment décrites pour leurs effets phénotypiques sur des caractères adaptatifs. Nous montrons ainsi un rôle important des interactions sol-plante et de la pilosité des feuilles dans l’adaptation à l’altitude. Pour valider certains de nos candidats, 270 polymorphismes ont été génotypés sur les 37 populations afin de réaliser des études de clines de fréquence. Parallèlement, nous avons mis en œuvre un dispositif de caractérisation phénotypique (2 lieux x 2 années) afin de tester l’association entre ces polymorphismes et 18 caractères mesurés en champ. Nous discutons des apports méthodologiques de notre étude aussi bien du point de vue des technologies haut débit que de la détection de la sélection. Notre dispositif devra être pleinement exploité pour valider nos candidats. Les perspectives incluent la poursuite de l’étude sur d’autres types de polymorphismes ainsi qu’un suivi temporel des populations
Teosintes Zea mays ssp parviglumis (parviglumis) and Zea mays ssp mexicana (mexicana) are the closest wild relatives of cultivated maize. They occupy distinct ecological niches in Mexico, well separated by altitude. Zea mays ssp. parviglumis encountered below 1800m grows in wet and warm conditions, while mexicana grows in drier and colder climates (above 1800m). In order to investigate the genetic bases of local adaptation to altitude, we sampled 37 populations along two altitudinal gradients. We sequenced the two most extreme populations of each gradient as well as two intermediate populations - one from each subspecies along gradient 1. We searched for polymorphisms with contrasted allele frequencies between the extremes while accounting for subspecies differentiation. Using both inter- and intra- population methods we identified several candidate loci. Based on a literature review, we confronted them with regions previously described as involved in phenotypic variation of adaptive traits. Our results highlight the role of plant-soil interactions and leaves hairiness in the adaptation to altitude. To validate further a subset of 270 polymorphisms chosen among our best candidates, we genotyped them on the 37 populations with the aim of performing clinal analyzes of allele frequencies. In parallel, we undertook phenotypic evaluation trials (2 locations x 2 years) to test the association of these polymorphisms with 18 traits measured in the field. We discuss the methodological contributions of our study both from the standpoint of high throughput technologies and detection of selective footprints. Our setting will be fully exploited to validate our candidates. Perspectives include the discovery and assessment of the contribution of other types of polymorphisms and the temporal follow-up of populations
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Bohmann, David John 1959. "SYNERGISM OF PERMETHRIN BY CHLORDIMEFORM IN THE TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276615.

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20

Kelly, Suzanne Eleanor 1960. "Metabolism and penetration of permethrin in resistant and susceptible strains of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276876.

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A laboratory selected strain of Heliothis virescens demonstrating a 400-fold resistance to permethrin exhibited no differences in penetration and only a slight enhancement of metabolism when compared with a susceptible strain. Synergism with piperonyl butoxide and DEF produced similar synergist ratios for the resistant and susceptible strains, but the resistant strain showed a much larger synergist difference. Thin layer chromatography of extracts from larvae dosed with 14C-labelled permethrin demonstrated a small increase in metabolism of the cis-isomer by the resistant strain, but no differences in metabolism of the trans-isomer. The synergism study and the 14C-labelled permethrin experiment both indicate that there is a small increase in metabolism of permethrin in the resistant strain, but not enough to account for the greatly increased LD50 value. Cross-resistance to DDT indicated that target site insensitivity may play a major role in resistance to pyrethroids in this strain.
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21

Kerbach, Sandra. "Sequenz-spezifische Rekombination in Zea mays L." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974050342.

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22

Schmälzlin, Karolin. "Expressionsanalyse der DIMBOA-Biosynthese in Zea mays." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967440459.

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23

Löffler, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Die Straftatbestände des Zahlungsdiensteaufsichtsgesetzes (ZAG) / Christoph Löffler." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126261793/34.

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24

Chou, Tau-San Weber David F. "Sister chromatid exchanges in Zea mays L." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1985. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8514768.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1985.
Title from title page screen, viewed June 7, 2005. Dissertation Committee: David F. Weber (chair), Herman Brockman, Tsan Iang Chuang, Alan Katz, Derek McCracken. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-142) and abstract. Also available in print.
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25

Almeida, Cícero Carlos de Souza. "Análise citogenética e molecular em milho (Zea mays subsp. mays), teosinto (Zea mays susp. mexicana) e em seus híbridos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4419.

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O milho é um planta anual cultivada em quase todo o mundo, consumida como ração para animais e na alimentação humana através de produtos industrializados e in natura. Existem diversos programas de melhoramento de milho no Brasil, mas no Sul são poucos os grupos que trabalham com este cereal. O desenvolvimento de populações tem sido efetuado por instituições de pesquisas, enquanto híbridos têm sido feito por companhias privadas. A variabilidade genética num programa de melhoramento assume uma grande importância, já que é o ponto de partida para o progresso genético. Em Algumas espécies, a variabilidade genética torna-se estreita a cada ciclo de seleção, diminuindo futuros progressos genéticos. Uma alternativa de ampliar a variabilidade é através de cruzamentos amplos com espécies silvestres. Estudos indicam que as espécies de teosinto são uma potencial fonte de variabilidade para importantes características agronômicas. Porém, o desenvolvimento de variedades de milho bem adaptadas, com boas características agronômicas e de rendimento, oriundas de cruzamentos com espécies silvestres necessita de um amplo estudo genético, molecular e citogenético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade genética em genótipos de milho e teosinto através de marcadores moleculares e analisar a nível citogenético as populações de milho, teosinto e seus híbridos. Foi detectada variabilidade genética nas populações de milho e teosinto, sendo a população de teosinto a que apresentou maior variabilidade. Os genótipos de milho e teosinto apresentaram uma alta estabilidade meiótica, enquanto os híbridos entre milho e teosinto tiveram associações de univalentes, aderência de cromossomos, pontes e menor freqüência de quiasmas. Os resultados foram suficientes para indicar que é possível utilizar o teosinto como fonte genética em programas de melhoramento de milho.
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26

Zanocco, Matteo <1989&gt. "Raman spectroscopic analysis of zirconia toughened alumina ceramic (ZTA) in presence of different metal stains and ZTA retrieval femoral heads." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8683.

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Il composito Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) è un materiale molto utilizzato nelle applicazioni biomediche grazie alla sua biocompatibilità, resistenza a frattura e alla sua resistenza alla degradazione. Queste proprietà vengono meno quando la componente della zirconia all’interno della matrice di allumina, spontaneamente si trasforma nella fase più stabile (trasformazione da tetragonale a monoclina). Per quantificare la velocità di degradazione del materiale, in precedenza si utilizzava il modello Mehl-Avrami-Johnson (MAJ) dove venivano considerate solo la quantità di nuclei di fase monoclina e la rispettiva crescita. Il fenomeno però è governato anche da altri parametri come la quantità di monoclina inizialmente presente e la presenza di differenti strisci metallici. In questo lavoro si è voluto calcolare l’energia di attivazione in funzione sia della quantità di nuclei di fase monoclina che della loro rispettiva crescita, ma anche in funzione della temperatura e del tempo. In più si è aggiunto l’effetto di strisci metallici sulla superfice del materiale per verificare se l’energia di attivazione varia in presenza di essi. Si è proceduto con degli esperimenti simulati in vitro per poi procedere con delle verifiche dello stesso materiale utilizzato in vivo.
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27

Chaves, Elisiane Inês Dall'oglio. "Diversidade de bactérias endofíticas obtidas de solos do oeste do paraná usando milho e trigo como planta isca." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1452.

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The plant growth promoting bacteria constitute a large group of plant associated microorganisms that has a huge potential to be explored for beneficial contribution in plant growing. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the diversity of endophytic bacteria obtained from soils in western Paraná, using plants such as wheat and corn baits and evaluate the potential of isolates to promote plant growth (PCV). A total of 136 endophytic bacteria isolates were obtaines from roots in three different locations: area 1 (Argissolo vermelho), area 2 (Latossolo vermelho) and area 3 (Nitossolo vermelho). A total of 136 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from roots in three different locations: area 1 (Argissolo vermelho), area 2 (Latossolo vermelho) and area 3 (Nitossolo vermelho). The isolates were evaluated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in NBRIP medium and also their ability to synthesize auxin in DYGS medium. Eighty-four bacterial strains were analyzed by molecular analysis of polymorphism by ARDRA and 41 of these fragments were sequenced 16S rDNA. Six isolates randomly chosen were evaluated according to their ability in promoting the plant growth in vitro, where from these, two contrasting isolates were evaluated for their performances in pots. As results for biochemical characterization, from 136 isolates, 51 % showed no phosphate solubilizing capacity, 14 % had a low level of phosphate solubilization index (ISF) low (IS<2), 9.5% medium (IS<4) and 25.5% higher (IS≥4), the higher ISF was verified in UFPRPALM 3-66 (7.66). IAA (indole-3-acetic) values ranged from 19.94 (UFPRPALM1 -134) to 1170.98 mg IAA mg protein-1 (UFPRPALM 2-32) without tryptophan addition and adding this aminoacid , only 42 strains (31%) were able to produce IAA in higher levels ranging from 362.18 (UFPRPALM 3-65) to 5599.57 (UFPRPALM 3-80) mg IAA mg protein -1. The polymorphism analysis revealed by ARDRA bacterial 8 groups with 70% dissimilarity and only 8 isolates showed clonal profile. The sequences of the 16S rDNA allowed the grouping of 41 isolates in eight different phylogenetic groups, among these the bacteria of the genus: Agrobacterium, Shigella, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Ensifer, Brevibacillus, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Burkholderia. Of these, six isolates producing IAA and P-solubilization ability wich were evaluated for in vitro growth capacity were chosen. Isolated in this experiment, two contrasting were characterized: UFPRPALM 3-87 (Burkholderia ambifaria), more and UFPRPALT 1-14 (Pantoea ananatis), with lower ability to promote the growth of wheat seedlings in vitro, respectively. In the pot experiment, the isolates showed no responses of plant growth promotion in high fertility soils, but at low fertility condition, the genus Pantoea (UFPRPALT 1-14) showed the best performance in terms of increases in nitrogen concentration of shoots in wheat. There was a differential response of the isolates in terms of epiphytic and endophytic microbial population and between plant species and conditions of fertilization and/or inoculation
As bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal constituem um amplo grupo de microrganismos, que associados às plantas representam um enorme potencial a ser explorado, por contribuírem beneficamente com o crescimento de várias espécies vegetais. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a diversidade de bactérias endofíticas obtidas de solos do oeste do Paraná, usando plantas de milho e trigo como iscas e avaliar o potencial dos isolados para a promoção do crescimento vegetal (PCV). Foram obtidos 136 isolados bacterianos provenientes de raízes de trigo e milho semeadas em três diferentes locais: área 1 (Argissolo vermelho), área 2 (Latossolo vermelho) e área 3 (Nitossolo vermelho). Os isolados foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de solubilizar fosfato insolúveis em meio NBRIP e quanto à capacidade de sintetizar auxina em meio DYGS. Oitenta e quatro estirpes bacterianas foram analisadas molecularmente através da análise de polimorfismo por ARDRA e 41 destas tiveram fragmentos do gene 16S rDNA sequenciados. A avaliação da capacidade de promoção de crescimento de seis dos isolados foi realizada in vitro, onde destes, dois isolados contrastantes foram avaliados quanto as suas performances em vaso. Como resultados obtidos, dos 136 isolados, 51% não apresentaram capacidade solubilizadora de fosfato, 14% apresentaram índice de solubilização de fosfato (ISF) baixo (IS<2), 9,5% médio (IS<4) e 25,5% alto (IS≥4), destacando-se o isolado UFPRPALM 3-66 (ISF 7,66). Os valores de AIA (ácido indol-3-acético) variaram entre 19,94 μg de AIA mg-1 de proteína (UFPRPALM1-134) a 1170,98 μg de AIA mg-1 de proteína (UFPRPALM 2-32), sem a adição de triptofano, e com adição de triptofano, apenas 42 isolados (31%) foram capazes de produzir AIA, sendo os níveis maiores variando de 362,18 (UFPRPALM 3-65) a 5599,57 (UFPRPALM 3-80) μg de AIA mg-1 de proteína. A análise de polimorfismo por ARDRA revelou 8 grupos bacterianos com 70% de dissimilaridade e apenas 8 isolados apresentaram perfil clonal. As sequencias do gene 16S rDNA permitiu o agrupamento dos 41 isolados em oito grupos filogenéticos diferentes, entre estes estão as bactérias do gênero: Agrobacterium, Shigella, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Ensifer, Brevibacillus, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Bacillus e Burkholderia. Destes, foram escolhidos seis isolados produtores de AIA e solubilizadores de P que foram avaliados in vitro quanto a capacidade de crescimento. Neste experimento, dois isolados contrastantes foram caracterizados: UFPRPALM 3-87 (Burkholderia ambifaria), com maior e o UFPRPALT 1-14 (Pantoea ananatis), de menor capacidade de promoção de crescimento das plântulas de trigo in vitro, respectivamente. Em vaso, os isolados não apresentaram respostas de promoção de crescimento vegetal em solos de alta fertilidade, mas em condições de baixa fertilidade, o gênero Pantoea (UFPRPALT 1-14) foi o que apresentou a melhor performance em termos de aumentos dos teores de nitrogênio da parte aérea em trigo. Houve uma resposta diferencial dos isolados em termos de população microbiana epifífica e endofítica entre espécies vegetais e condições de fertilização e/ou inoculação
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28

Melgar, Lazo Deyvis. "Confiabilidad en sistemas con transformadores de potencia con devanado de compensación interna o aterramiento ficticio externo mediante transformador Zig-Zag." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Continental, 2019. http://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/handle/continental/5637.

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Los transformadores, junto con los generadores, son los equipos más importantes de las redes eléctricas. Sería inimaginable transmitir energía eléctrica a grandes distancias sin estos equipos, ya que con ellos podremos transformar un nivel de tensión a otro superior para así disminuir las corrientes, y por consiguiente atenuar las pérdidas en la transmisión de dicha energía. Bastaría instalar otro transformador cerca de los consumidores, para poder así trabajar con tensiones más bajas que nos permitan tener equipos con menos aislamientos (por lo tanto, más económicos), y trabajar con más seguridad. Si una red no está adecuadamente planificada, una falla en un transformador puede dejar desabastecida de energía eléctrica a una zona o toda una ciudad, dependiendo de la capacidad e importancia de esta. Por ello se justifica la necesidad de estudiar las contingencias que pudieran ocurrir en la puesta en servicio y operación de los transformadores de potencia. Estas contingencias obligan que el transformador sea diseñado con características dieléctricas, térmicas y electrodinámicas superiores a las que se tienen en condiciones normales de operación (tensiones y corrientes nominales).
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29

Bauer, Matthew J. "The interploidy hybridization barrier in Zea Mays L." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4448.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 31, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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30

Lamb, Jonathan C. "Centromere function and evolution in maize (Zea mays)." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4446.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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31

Winata, T. Therry Indra. "Mapping in the Maydeae : Tripsacum genes in Zea." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180788.

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Comparisons using cDNA (cloned DNA from expressed genes) from different species greatly increases our understanding and ability to identify the changes in the genetic content of related species through the process of evolution.This research utilized cDNA isolated from developmentally staged female flowers of Tripsacum, a relative of modem maize (corn) with differing modes of reproductive behaviors. The gene expression clone libraries potentially carry the gene(s) responsible for the regulation of fertility, both apomixis and sexual reproduction, in Tripsacum sp. A set of yeast genes with known functions in the reproductive cell division known as meiosis were also investigated, but failed to hybridized to DNA of the maize mapping population.The Tripsacum cDNAs, E2-42 and M2-62, showed monomorphic band patterns, i.e., no differences between individuals. Possibility the quantity of E242 and M2-62 Tripsacum cDNAs for these locus were highly conserved with respect to the fragment lengths generated by restriction digestion of the test individuals. The Tripsacum cDNA sequence L4-14 revealed polymorphic bands patterns when used as a probe for mapping. The L4-14 polymorphisms were scored as both 1:2:1 and 3:1 segregation ratios and mapped to a subset of ordered loci from the Maize Database genome bank, University of Missouri. Two genetic map regions were identified as linked to the L4-14 locus. These regions included bin 6.05-6.08 of chromosome 6 and bin 8.00-.05 of chromosome 8. Linkage to two different chromosomal regions indicated that the L4-14 sequence may be duplicated within the maize genome. Results and discussion of this investigation and analyses are presented.
Department of Biology
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32

Hales, Virginia Carey. "Molecular analysis of chilling sensitivity in Zea mays." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265199.

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33

Briars, Sally-Anne. "The calmodulin stimulated ATPase of Zea mays L." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:afa92f78-633d-4ae5-8cf5-37ac077acab2.

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Maize coleoptile microsomal vesicles showing calmodulin-stimulated ATPase activity were isolated from 4.5 day old dark grown seedlings. Calmodulin-stiirmlated ATPase activity was maximal (8 nmoles min-1 (mg protein)-1) at 0.35 μM, inhibited by orthovanadate (Iso=20 μM), and specific for ATP. Calmodulin affinity chromatography was used to purify this ATPase after solubilisation with Triton X-100. Calmodulin-stimulated ATPase activity was present in the purified fraction, maximal stimulation (340 nmoles min-1 (mg protein)-1) occurring at 0.3 μM calmodulin. After reconstitution into asolectin liposomes, maximal calmodulinstimulated ATPase activity (500 nmoles min-1 (mg protein)-1) occurred at 0.025 μM. Affinity chromatography using buffers containing asolectin produced true basal activities; maximal calmodulin stimulation was at 0.01 μM (100 nmoles min-1 (mg protein)-1). These results suggest that a calmodulin-stimulated ATPase was purified from the microsomal fraction. Inclusion of protease inhibitors (PMSF, chymostatin) during purification and electrophoresis yielded a polypeptide of 140,000 Mr, similar to the Mr of erythrocyte calmodulin-stimulated, calcium-pumping ATPase (CSCPA). Polypeptides of Mr 91,000, 77-69,000, 51,000, and 40,000 were also present. A monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against erythrocyte CSCPA recognised the 140,000 Mr polypeptide from maize, giving strong evidence that maize cells may contain a polypeptide similar to erythrocyte CSCPA. The reaction mechanism of the proposed maize CSCPA was investigated. After purification in the presence of PMSF phosphorylation was present at 140,000 Mr; this turned over rapidly, was sensitive to hydroxylamine, dependent on calcium, inhibited by lanthanum and stimulated by calmodulin. This was consistent with formation of an acyl-phosphate intermediate, indicating that maize CSCPA is a P-type ATPase, having a reaction mechanism similar to that of the erythrocyte CSCPA. A monoclonal antibody (EA6) was raised to maize CSCPA purified without PMSF; this antibody recognised intact maize CSCPA and inhibited calmodulin-stimulated ATPase activity in microsomal fractions. This antibody also bound to other polypeptides present in microsomal and purified fractions, permitting tentative identification of proteolysis products.
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34

Araya, Frías María José. "Variabilidad Morfológica en Maíz Choclero ( Zea mays L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101696.

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Las variedades tradicionales de maíz se han adaptado a través de los años al manejo, selección y a las condiciones climáticas donde son cultivadas, encontrándose en ellas características de adaptación y resistencia, así como una base genética más amplia que las variedades comerciales. La caracterización morfológica permite un entendimiento de las relaciones genético-ambientales existentes entre las poblaciones, facilitando así el uso de ellas por parte de mejoradores. En este trabajo se evaluó la variabilidad morfológica de 34 accesiones de maíces nativos de raza Choclero, recolectados entre la III y VIII región. El ensayo se realizó durante la temporada primavera-verano de 2005-2006 utilizando semilla obtenida del Banco Base de Germoplasma de INIA, CRI- Intihuasi. El diseño experimental se basó en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, midiéndose un total de 37 caracteres morfológicos de tipo reproductivo, vegetativo y fenológico de acuerdo a los descriptores establecidos por el IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute). Las pruebas de hipótesis indicaron diferencias significativas para todos los caracteres cuantitativos a excepción del índice de macollamiento y el número de mazorcas por macollo. Los coeficientes de correlación fueron calculados para todas las variables cuantitativas, descartando aquellas que se encontraron altamente correlacionadas (r >0,6). Once caracteres fueron escogidos por esta vía, y con ellos se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) en base a la matriz de correlaciones y un análisis de conglomerados, previa estandarización de las variables. El dendrograma arrojado mostró tres grupos principales, los cuales tuvieron cierta correspondencia con el agrupamiento observado en la figura de los dos primeros ejes del ACP. La descripción de los grupos fue complementada con descripciones de caracteres cualitativos relevantes para cada grupo. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de variabilidad inter poblacional dentro de la raza Choclero evidenciada por la formación de grupos claramente diferenciables explicados en parte por la diversidad de ambientes de recolección, siendo tres los principales: maíz pequeño (grupo A), con accesiones precoces a intermedias y mazorcas gruesas y cortas, principalmente del tipo cónico, sus zonas de origen son de altas temperaturas y baja humedad relativa; maíz intermedio-grande (grupo C) con plantas intermedias- altas, tallos gruesos, panojas grandes, granos de alto peso y mazorcas de tamaños intermedio a largo; maíz intermedio (grupo B), con características menos acorde para la raza probablemente debido a la introgresión de genes de otras razas como Diente de Caballo, mazorcas de menor diámetro, de tamaño intermedio a largo y panojas pequeñas de pocas ramificaciones, así como algunas accesiones con mazorcas cilíndricas y con hileras irregulares a regulares. Para validar el agrupamiento obtenido se realizó un análisis discriminante con los grupos formados a dos distancias diferentes en el análisis de conglomerados. Éste clasificó correctamente la mayoría de los grupos salvo en los grupos 5 y 6 (grupo C), donde la diferenciación no fue clara. Dentro de las explicaciones posibles está la distancia genética que pudiera existir entre ellos o la falta de discriminación de los caracteres elegidos.
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35

Feijão, Alexcyane Rodrigues. "Crescimento, trocas gasosas, partição de íons e metabolismo do nitrogênio em plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade e diferentes fontes de N." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9736.

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FEIJÃO, A. R. Crescimento, trocas gasosas, partição de íons e metabolismo do nitrogênio em plantas de milho submetidas à salinidade e diferentes fontes de N. 2009. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009.
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This work aimed to study the effect of N source in the growing, gas exchanges, ion partitions and N metabolism in maize plants (Zea mays L.) submitted to salinity. For this, maize seeds were sown in plastic cups with vermiculite and maintained in greenhouse. After that, the seedlings were transferred to a hydroponics culture with N concentration of 6 mM, in the forms of NO3-, NO3-/NH4+ or NH4+. After five days in these conditions, we started the addition of NaCl, which was gradually increased each day by 25 mM until it reaches a final concentration of 100 mM. The harvests were carried out 4, 11 and 18 days after the beginning of the salt treatment. In control conditions, the plants fed with the mixed NO3-/NH4+ were the ones which presented the greatest shoot growth, compared to other N treatments. There was a great growth reduction when the plants were submitted to salinity, but this effect was not influenced by the N source used. Generally, the salinity reduced the stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), photosynthesis (A) and the relation between the intercellular and outercellular CO2 concentration (Ci/Co ) in plants of all N treatments and in different times of harvest. However, in plants fed with NH4+ and after 18 day of salt treatment a great reduction in the gs, A and E and an increase in the Ci/Co ratio were observed. The Na+ contents increased with salinity, despite that, in plants fed with NH4+, these contents were lower than in the other N treatments in salinity conditions. The K+ contents, on the other hand, were reduced by salinity, and the plants fed with the mixed NO3-/ NH4+ and only NH4+ absorbed less K+ than the ones fed only with NO3-, mainly in the leaves and stems of plants after 11 days and in leaves and roots of plants after 18 days of salt stress. This way, there was influence of N source in the Na+/K+ ratio, particularly in roots of plants after 18 days of exposure to salt stress, whose lower increases in this parameter were observed in the plants treated only with NO3-. The greatest increments in the Cl- contents caused by salinity were observed in plants fed with NO3- and with the mixed NO3-/ NH4+. However, in control conditions, these contents were increased in leaves and stems of plants fed only with NH4+. The NO3- contents were higher in plants fed with NO3- and NO3-/NH4+, when compared to the ones fed only with NH4+, both in control and salinity conditions. The greatest and lowest Cl-/NO3- ratio were found, respectively, in plants treated with NO3- and with NH4+. The shoot NH4+ contents were little influenced by salinity or by N source, however, in roots of plants fed with NH4+ and under salinity, there was a great accumulation of these ions after 18 days of stress. The soluble carbohydrates contents, in general, increased by salinity, except in the leaves and stems (after 18 days of salt stress) and in the roots (during all the experimental period) of the plants treated with NH4+. Generally, the soluble proteins and soluble amino acids contents were increased by salinity, and the biggest quantities of these solutes were observed in the roots of plants fed with NH4+ and after 18 days of salt stress. The total N contents were reduced by salinity and it was observed especially in plants fed only with NO3-. In the leaves, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) were greater in plants fed with NO3- and with the mixed NO3-/ NH4+. Little influence of salinity in NiR activity was observed in maize leaves. In the leaves, the salinity influenced differently the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) between the different sources of N and time of salt exposure. However, in the roots, in general, the GS activity increased withy salinity, except for the plants fed with NH4+, which were not influenced by this stress. After 18 days of salt exposure, the GS activity was greater in the plants fed with NH4+, compared to the other N treatments. The activity of glutamate synthase (GOGAT), in the leaves, in generral, increased with salinity, despite that, this activity was reduced in the roots mainly in the plants fed with NO3-, after 4 days, and with NH4+, after 11 and 18 days. These results suggest that the several N sources did not influence the tolerance of maize plants to salinity. However, the plants fed with NO3- had better results in ion relations. And greatest GS activities observed in roots of the plants fed with NH4+, after 18 days of stress, helped in the osmotic adjustment, as a consequence of the accumulation of soluble proteins and soluble amino acids.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da fonte de N no crescimento, nas trocas gasosas, na partição de íons e no metabolismo do N em plantas de milho (Zea mays L.) submetidas à salinidade. Para isto, sementes de milho foram semeadas em copos plásticos contendo vermiculita, sendo mantidas em casa de vegetação. Em seguida, as plântulas foram transferidas para um meio hidropônico com concentração de N igual a 6 mM, nas formas de NO3-, NO3-/NH4+ ou NH4+. Após cinco dias nestas condições, iniciou-se a adição de NaCl, que foi feita em parcelas de 25 mM por dia, até atingir a concentração final de 100 mM. As coletas foram realizadas aos 4, 11 e 18 dias após o início do tratamento salino. Em condições controle, as plantas nutridas com a mistura NO3-/NH4+ foram as que apresentaram o maior crescimento da parte aérea, em comparação aos demais tratamentos de N. Houve uma forte redução do crescimento quando as plantas foram submetidas à salinidade, mas este efeito foi independente da fonte de N empregada. De maneira geral, a salinidade reduziu a condutância estomática (gs), a transpiração (E), a fotossíntese (A) e a relação entre a concentração interna e externa de CO2 (Ci/Co) das plantas de todos os tratamentos de N e nos diferentes tempos de coleta. Entretanto, nas plantas cultivadas com NH4+ e aos 18 dias do tratamento salino, foram observados uma redução acentuada na gs, A e E e um aumento na relação Ci/Co. Os teores de Na+ aumentaram com a salinidade, contudo, nas plantas nutridas com NH4+, esses teores foram menores do que os dos demais tratamentos de N em condições de salinidade. Os teores de K+, por sua vez, foram reduzidos pela salinidade, sendo que as plantas nutridas com a mistura NO3-/ NH4+ e apenas NH4+ absorveram menos K+ do que as cultivadas apenas com NO3-, principalmente nas folhas e colmos das plantas aos 11 dias e nas folhas e raízes das plantas aos 18 dias de estresse salino. Dessa forma, houve influência da fonte de N na relação Na+/K+, particularmente nas raízes das plantas aos 18 dias de exposição ao estresse salino, cujos menores aumentos nesse parâmetro foram observados nas plantas tratadas apenas com NO3-. Os maiores incrementos nos teores de Cl- causados pela salinidade foram observados nas plantas cultivadas com NO3- e com a mistura NO3-/ NH4+. Porém, em condições controle, esses teores foram aumentados nas folhas e colmos das plantas cultivadas apenas com NH4+. Os teores de NO3- foram maiores nas plantas nutridas com NO3- e NO3-/NH4+, quando comparadas às nutridas somente com NH4+, tanto em condições controle quanto de salinidade. A maior e a menor relação Cl-/NO3- foram encontradas, respectivamente, nas plantas tratadas com NO3- e com NH4+. Os teores de NH4+ da parte aérea foram pouco influenciados pela salinidade ou pela fonte de N, porém, nas raízes das plantas nutridas com NH4+ e sob salinidade, houve um grande acúmulo desses íons aos 18 dias de estresse. Os teores de carboidratos solúveis foram, em geral, aumentados pela salinidade, com exceção nas folhas e colmos (aos 18 dias de estresse salino) e nas raízes (durante todo o período experimental) das plantas tratadas com NH4+. De maneira geral, os teores de proteínas solúveis e de N-aminossolúveis foram aumentados pela salinidade, sendo que as maiores quantidades destes solutos foram observadas nas raízes das plantas tratadas com NH4+ e aos 18 dias de estresse salino. Os teores de N-total foram reduzidos pela salinidade, sendo isto observado especialmente nas plantas nutridas apenas com NO3-. Nas folhas, as atividades da redutase do nitrato (NR) e da redutase do nitrito (NiR) foram maiores nas plantas tratadas com NO3- e com a mistura NO3-/ NH4+. Foi observada pouca influência da salinidade na atividade da NiR das folhas de milho. Nas folhas, a salinidade influenciou diferentemente a atividade da sintetase da glutamina (GS) entre as diferentes fontes de N e tempos de exposição à salinidade. Porém, nas raízes, de maneira geral, a atividade da GS aumentou com a salinidade, com exceção das plantas tratadas com NH4+, que não foram influenciadas por este estresse. Aos 18 dias de exposição à salinidade, a atividade da GS foi maior nas plantas tratadas com NH4+, em comparação com os demais tratamentos de N. A atividade da sintase do glutamato (GOGAT), nas folhas, em geral, aumentou com a salinidade, contudo, nas raízes essa atividade foi reduzida principalmente nas plantas cultivadas com NO3-, aos 4 dias, e com NH4+, aos 11 e 18 dias. Esses resultados sugerem que as diversas fontes de N não influenciaram na tolerância das plantas de milho à salinidade, entretanto as plantas nutridas com NO3- foram melhores nas relações iônicas e as maiores atividades da GS observadas nas raízes das plantas cultivadas com NH4+, aos 18 dias de estresse, ajudaram no ajustamento osmótico, como conseqüência do acúmulo de proteínas solúveis e N-aminossolúveis.
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36

Busanello, Carlos. "ESTUDO DA ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE EM HÍBRIDOS SIMPLES E TRIPLOS DE MILHO NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4914.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The study of adaptability and stability, as well as the predictability of genotypes regarding the study of environments is extremely important in the positioning of corn hybrids, whether they are simple or triple. The development of high quality seed hybrids requires years of research and testing to evaluate its potential and scope for its recommendation. The adaptability and stability analysis has the purpose to supply this information. Therefore, the objective was to elucidate these parameters for the south region of Brazil by testing both simple and triple hybrids in five different representative sites. A total of 27 simple hybrids and 20 triple hybrids were used in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The method for evaluating the stability and adaptability used was proposed by Russell Eberhart in 1966. By the end of the survey it was possible to indicate that 52% of the simple hybrids tested were adapted (β > 1) and 60% of the triple hybrid also followed the same pattern for yield. For the character mass of cob the adaptability was of 44% and 55% for the simple hybrids and triples hybrids respectively. For stability (S²d) it was identified that all the hybrids have levels superior to 80% independent of the feature evaluated. In that sense, it is possible to state that the great majority of the tested genotypes have predictability for both grain yield as well as cob mass. Thus the method used is efficient to determine hybrids for the region of the study and also to predict their behavior in different environmental conditions.
O estudo da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, bem como a previsibilidade de genótipos frente aos ambientes de cultivo é extremamente importante no posicionamento de híbridos de milho, sejam eles simples, duplos ou triplos. O desenvolvimento de sementes com alta qualidade requer anos de pesquisa e testes para avaliar seu potencial e abrangência para sua recomendação. A análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade tem o propósito de suprir estas informações. Para tanto objetivou-se elucidar tais parâmetros para a Região Sul do Brasil, com ensaios de híbridos simples e híbridos triplos em cinco locais representativos. Foram utilizados 27 híbridos simples e 20 triplos em esquema de blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições. O método para avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade utilizado foi proposto por Eberhart e Russell em 1966. Ao final da pesquisa foi possível identificar que 52% dos híbridos simples testados foram adaptados (β > 1) e 60% dos híbridos triplos também seguiram a mesma tendência de rendimento; para o caractere massa de sabugo a adaptabilidade foi de 44% e 55% para os híbridos simples e triplos respectivamente. Para estabilidade (S²d) foi identificado que todos os híbridos possuem índices superiores a 80% independente da característica avaliada. Neste sentido temos que a grande maioria das constituições genéticas testadas possui previsibilidade tanto para rendimento de grãos bem como para massa de sabugo. Sendo assim o método utilizado é eficiente para determinar híbridos para a região em estudo, bem como prever o seu comportamento em diferentes condições de ambiente.
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37

Mesquita, Josà Bruno Rego de. "INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION, NITROGEN DOSES AND POTASSIUM APPLIED BY CONVENTIONAL AND METHOD FOR FERTIRRIGATION IN MAIZE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15845.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
In the Northeastern Brazil, particularly in the Cearà state, irrigated agriculture contributes significantly to agricultural production: fruit, vegetable and grain crops. The Maize (corn) culture, traditional in the Region, has great socio-economic importance, being the most cultivated by small, medium and large farmers, contributing to the generation of employment and income, keeping workers from migrating. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica (agrometeorological station) of the Universidade Federal do CearÃ. The soil of the region is sandy red yellow podzolic. The experiment was carried out with AG-1051 hybrid maize. Localized drip irrigation was used in the experiment. The said experiment was performed through 2011 and 2012. The total acreage in each year was 602 m2, divided into three parts for installing each of the three (sub) experiments. The first (sub) experiment consisted in applying several irrigation levels based on Penman-Monteith EvapoTranspiration parametrized by FAO, corresponding to treatments: Li30, or 30% PMETo; Li60, or 60% PMETo; Li90, or 90% PMETo; Li120, or 120% PMETo; Li150, or 150% PMETo and Li180, or 180% PMETo. The experimental design was that of randomized blocks, with six treatments and five blocks (replicates). The second experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different N doses, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F45 = 45 kg ha-1 (fert); C45 = 45 kg ha-1 (conv); F90 = 90 kg ha-1 (fert); C90 = 90 kg ha-1 (conv); F180 = 180 kg ha-1 (fert); C180 = 180 kg ha-1 (conv). The third experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different doses of K, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F15 = 15 kg ha-1 (fert); C15 = 15 kg ha-1 (conv); F30 = 30 kg ha-1 (fert); C30 = 30 kg ha-1 (conv); F60 = 60 kg ha-1 (fert); C60 = 60 kg ha-1 (conv). The experimental design in the second and third (sub) experiments was that of randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with eight treatments and four replicates. Irrigation levels showed significant effects on the following variables: Corn cob with and without husks, thousand grain weight and productivity in both years, all adjusting to the second degree polynomial model. The irrigation level that maximized the yield of corn (maize) was estimated to be 124.2% of PMETo, for the climatic conditions of 2012. Regarding the nitrogen dose and its form of application, it was observed that fertigation was superior to conventional fertilization, and the variables Corn cob with and without husks and productivity showed significant effects for the application form and Nitrogen dose. The dose of nitrogen fertilizer that maximized the Maize (or corn) productivity was estimated at 123.2 kg ha-1. However, relatively to the K dose and its form of application, it was observed that the conventional fertilization did not differ from fertigation, in the two years evaluated. However, the K doses were statistically different for following the variables: Corn cob with and without husks and productivity. Conventionally applied, the K dose which maximized the crop yield was 82.0 kg ha-1 for the cultivation conditions of 2011.
Na regiÃo Nordeste, particularmente no CearÃ, a agricultura irrigada contribui bastante com a produÃÃo agrÃcola: frutas, hortaliÃas, olerÃcolas e grÃos. A cultura do milho, muito tradicional na RegiÃo, apresenta grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica, sendo a mais cultivada por pequenos, mÃdios e grandes agricultores, contribuindo para a geraÃÃo de emprego e renda e para fixaÃÃo do homem no campo. O experimento foi conduzido na Ãrea experimental da EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O solo da regiÃo à um argissolo vermelho amarelo de textura areia franca. O experimento foi com o milho hÃbrido AG-1051. O sistema de irrigaÃÃo utilizado nos experimentos foi do tipo localizado por gotejamento. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos em dois anos agrÃcolas (2011 e 2012). A Ãrea total cultivada em cada ano foi de 602 m2, dividida em trÃs subÃreas, para instalaÃÃo de cada um dos trÃs experimentos. O primeiro experimento consistiu na aplicaÃÃo de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo com base na ETo de Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parametrizada pela FAO, correspondendo aos tratamentos: Li30 â 30% EToPM; Li60 â 60% EToPM; Li90 â 90% EToPM; Li120 â 120% EToPM; Li150 â 150% EToPM e Li180 â 180% EToPM. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, composto de seis tratamentos e cinco blocos (repetiÃÃes). O segundo experimento consistiu em avaliar diferentes doses de N aplicadas de forma convencional e por fertirrigaÃÃo. Os tratamentos foram divididos em: F0 e C0 â 0,0 kg ha-1 (controle); F45 â 45 kg ha-1 (fert); C45 â 45 kg ha-1 (conv); F90 â 90 kg ha-1 (fert); C90 â 90 kg ha-1 (conv); F180 â 180 kg ha-1 (fert); C180 â 180 kg ha-1 (conv). O terceiro experimento consistiu em avaliar diferentes doses de K aplicadas de maneira convencional e por fertirrigaÃÃo. Os tratamentos foram divididos em: F0 e C0 â 0,0 kg ha-1 (controle); F15 â 15 kg ha-1 (fert); C15â 15 kg ha-1 (conv); F30 â 30 kg ha-1 (fert); C30 â 30 kg ha-1 (conv); F60 â 60 kg ha-1 (fert); C60 â 60 kg ha-1 (conv). O delineamento experimental utilizado no segundo e terceiro experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x4 com oito tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes. As lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo apresentaram efeito significativo para as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha, massa de mil grÃos e produtividade nos dois anos agrÃcolas, ajustando-se ao modelo polinomial do segundo grau. A lÃmina de irrigaÃÃo que maximizou a produtividade do milho foi estimada em 124,2% da EToPM, para as condiÃÃes climÃticas do cultivo realizado em 2012. Em relaÃÃo à dose de N e sua forma de aplicaÃÃo, observou-se que a fertirrigaÃÃo foi superior à adubaÃÃo convencional, e que as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha e produtividade apresentaram efeitos significativos para a forma de aplicaÃÃo e dose de N. A dose do adubo nitrogenado que maximizou a produtividade do milho foi estimada em 123,2 kg ha-1. JÃ, para a dose de K e sua forma de aplicaÃÃo, observou-se que a adubaÃÃo convencional nÃo diferiu da fertirrigaÃÃo, nos dois anos avaliados. Entretanto, as doses de K foram estatisticamente diferentes para as variÃveis: massa da espiga com e sem palha e produtividade. Na forma convencional, a dose de potÃssio que maximizou a produtividade da cultura foi de 82,0 kg ha-1, para as condiÃÃes de cultivo em 2011.
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38

Reis, Karina Lima. "Desenvolvimento de um método para estimativa da condutância hidráulica e avaliação da atividade de aquaporinas em plântulas de milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-28082013-105742/.

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O transporte de água nas plantas é um processo complexo e que envolve a passagem por membranas celulares. Nelas existem aquaporinas, proteínas integrais de membrana, que facilitam o fluxo passivo de água e pequenos solutos. Um fator importante que influencia o transporte de água nas plantas é a condutância hidráulica radicular (LPr), que pode contribuir com até 50% de toda a resistência ao fluxo de água na planta. Várias metodologias são propostas para estimar a LPr, porém os dados obtidos são altamente variáveis, ainda que para a mesma espécie vegetal. Diante do exposto, pretende-se desenvolver e propor uma nova metodologia, o sistema hidráulico de sucção para estimativa da LPr e avaliar a contribuição das aquaporinas no transporte de água radicular em plântulas de milho. O sistema hidráulico de sucção foi construído no Laboratório de Estudos de Plantas sob Estresse (LEPSE/USP) em parceria com Laboritoire d\'Ecophysiologie des Plants sous Stress Environnementaux de Montpellier, França. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no LEPSE, onde as plântulas cresceram em hidroponia na casa de vegetação. Para avaliação da atividade de aquaporinas foi utilizado o tratamento com peróxido de hidrogênio, que em concentrações milimolares inibe os canais de água. As medidas de condutância foram realizadas sempre na mesma hora do dia, uma vez que a própria LPr e as aquaporinas apresentam ritmo circadiano. Houve redução de 53% da condutância no tratamento com peróxido em relação ao controle e correlação significativa entre a LPr e o pH, de modo que o aumento do pH provocou queda de LPr, provavelmente causada por alterações na abundância e/ou atividade de aquaporinas nas raízes de milho. Esses resultados permitem afirmar que o método de sucção foi eficaz na estimativa da condutância hidráulica, podendo ser adotado como técnica alternativa na estimativa da LPr em plantas.
The water transport in plants is a complex process which involves passage through cell membranes. In them there are aquaporins, integral membrane proteins, that facilitate passive flux of water and small solutes. An important factor influencing the water transport in plants is root hydraulic conductance (LPr), which can contribute up to 50% of the water flow resistance in the plant. Various methods are proposed for estimating LPr, but the data are highly variable, even for the same plant species. Therefore, we intend to develop and propose a new methodology, the hydraulic suction system to estimate LPr and evaluate the contribution of aquaporins in root water transport in maize seedlings. The hydraulic suction system was built at the Laboratório de Estudos de Plantas sob Estresse (LEPSE / USP) in partnership with Laboritoire d\'Ecophysiologie Plants des sous Stress Environnementaux Montpellier, France. The experiments were conducted in LEPSE where the seedlings grew in the hydroponics greenhouse. To evaluate the activity of aquaporins was used treatment with hydrogen peroxide, which in millimolar concentrations inhibits water channels. The conductance measurements were performed at the same time of day, since the LPr itself and aquaporins presents the circadian rhythm. There was a 53% reduction in conductance peroxide treatment compared to control and significant correlation between LPr and pH, so that the pH increase caused a drop LPr probably caused by alterations in the abundance and/or activity of aquaporins in maize roots. These results indicate that the suction method was efficient in estimated hydraulic conductance, may be adopted as an alternative technique to estimate the LPr in plants.
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39

Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola. "Respostas do milho RR2/LL à aplicação de glyphosate e associações de herbicidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-01082016-181207/.

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Faz-se necessária a continuidade no processo de geração de informações provenientes da pesquisa dirigida, buscando-se caracterizar a situação atual do uso de glyphosate e outros herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, na cultura do milho Roundup Ready 2 (RR2) e Liberty Link (LL), isso por meio da obtenção de informações que possam fomentar o posicionamento mais seguro destas tecnologias. Sem dúvida, esse assunto exige novas pesquisas, visando proporcionar condições que favoreçam o uso sustentável desta ferramenta que vêm apresentando grande potencial de utilização pelos produtores brasileiros, propiciando benefícios relacionados ao controle de plantas daninhas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação das respostas do milho RR2, submetido à aplicação de manejos, formulações e doses do herbicida glyphosate e, também, as repostas do milho RR2/LL à aplicação de diferentes associações de herbicidas. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos testando dois manejos, duas formulações e cinco doses de glyphosate (fatorial triplo 2x2x5), em milho de primeira safra (verão) e segunda safra (safrinha), durante uma sequência de dois anos agrícolas (2012/13 e 2013/14), totalizando quatro experimentos com 20 tratamentos cada, que foram realizados na estação experimental da C.Vale - Cooperativa Agroindustrial (Palotina- PR). Além destes, conduziu-se um experimento complementar, com os mesmos tratamentos, numa propriedade agrícola em Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, na primeira safra de 2012/13. Também foram realizados dois experimentos distintos com oito tratamentos cada, utilizando glyphosate, amônio-glufosinato e herbicidas aplicados normalmente no milho convencional (atrazine e nicosulfuron), estes foram conduzidos na primeira safra de 2012/13 e repetidos na primeira safra de 2013/14, ambos em uma propriedade agrícola em Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR. Para o aprimoramento dos dados, foram conduzidos mais seis experimentos em casa de vegetação (três em Piracicaba-SP e três em Palotina-PR), com os mesmos tratamentos dos experimentos realizados em campo, com o propósito de alcançar informações adicionais que permitissem melhor entendimento do comportamento da cultura após ser submetida à aplicação dos tratamentos. Foram analisadas diversas variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho agronômico da cultura (aferições de alturas, diâmetro de colmo, índices de clorofila, massa fresca e seca de parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, produtividade e massa de 100 grãos) e relacionadas a qualidade dos grãos produzidos (teste de germinação, teor de proteínas, teores de macro e micronutrientes). A partir dos resultados alcançados, demonstrou-se que mesmo variando a formulação ou manejo utilizado, altas doses de glyphosate podem ser prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento do milho RR2, e também que nicosulfuron e algumas associações triplas de herbicidas podem trazer danos ao milho apresentando tecnologias transgênicas que conferem tolerância a herbicidas.
It is necessary to continue the information generation process from directed research, trying to characterize the current situation of the use of glyphosate and another herbicides applied in post-emergence, in corn Roundup Ready (RR2) culture, this by obtaining informations that can foment safer positioning of this technology. No doubt, this topic demands new researches, aiming to provide conditions that favor the sustainable use of this tool that has been showing high potential of use by Brazilian producers, providing these benefits related to the weeds control. The present work has the objective of evaluation of RR2 Corn replies, submitted to application managements, formulations and dosages of glyphosate herbicide and, also the replies of Corn RR2 and RR2/LL, to the application of different associations of herbicides. For that it was conducted experiments testing two managements, two formulations and five dosages of glyphosate (triple factorial 2x2x5), in corn of first crop (summer) and second crop (winter corn crops), during one sequence of two agricultural years (2012/13 and 2013/14), totalizing four experiments of 20 treatments each, that were performed in the experimental station of C.Vale Cooperativa Agroindustrial (Palotina-PR). Besides these, it was conducted one complementary experiment, with the same treatments, in an agricultural property in Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the first crop of 2012/13. It was also realized two different experiments with eight treatments each, using glyphosate, ammoniunglufosinate and herbicides usually applied in conventional maize (atrazine and nicosulfuron), these were conducted in the first crop of 2012/13, and repeated in the first crop of 2013/14, both in an agricultural property in Marechal Cândido Rondon- PR. For data improvement, it was conducted more six experiments in a greenhouse (three in Piracicaba-SP and three in Palotina-PR), with the same treatments of the experiments carried out in field, with the purpose to reach additional information that allowed a better understanding of the crop behavior after being submitted to the treatments application. Several variables were analyzed related to the agronomic development of the crop (culture measurements, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, fresh and dry matter of the air part, root dry mass, productivity and weight of 100 grains) and related to quality of produced grains (germination test, proteins content, macro content and micronutrients). From the results achieved, it was shown that even by varying the formulation or management used, high dosages of glyphosate can be harmful to the development of RR2 corn and that also nicosulfuron and some triple associations of herbicides can bring damage to corn showing transgenic technologies that confer tolerance to herbicides.
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40

Eckert, Caroline Thaís. "Avaliação da Produção de Etanol a partir de distintos Híbridos de Milho na Região Oeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/800.

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With the aim of find out what the best hybrid maize for ethanol production, according to characteristics of the state of Paraná Western region were evaluated 10 hybrids, and 9 have transgenic technology Bt and 1 conventional non-Bt . The experimental development, the field was conducted between February and October 2015, and used a randomized block with four replications, and the average test employee was Tukey test (≤0,05), along with Correlation Matrix (≤0,05) and Contrast Analysis (≤0,05). The laboratory tests were conducted productivity and yield of die (kg ha-1 and L ethanol ha-1), the starch content, of soluble solids, and the percentage of ethanol in the wort produced. The hybrids were in accordance with literature by the fact that the amount of biomass produced per hectare was relevant to the yield of ethanol liters per hectare, in the same way that the quality of the grains had been indispensable for the good performance of hybrids.
Com o objetivo de averiguar qual o melhor híbrido de milho para a produção de etanol, de acordo com características da região Oeste do estado do Paraná, foram avaliados 10 híbridos, sendo que 9 possuem tecnologia transgênica Bt e 1 convencional não-Bt . O desenvolvimento experimental, a campo, foi realizado entre os meses de fevereiro a outubro de 2015, sendo utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, e o teste de média empregado foi o Teste de Tukey (≤0,05) juntamente com a Matriz de Correlação (≤0,05) e a Análise de Contraste (≤0,05). As análises laboratoriais realizadas foram de cunho de produtividade e rendimento (em kg ha-1 e L etanol ha-1), de conteúdo amiláceo, de sólidos solúveis e de percentual em etanol no mosto produzido. Os híbridos estiveram em conformidade com a literatura pelo fato de que a quantidade produzida de biomassa por hectare foi relevante para o rendimento em litros de etanol por hectare, da mesma forma que a qualidade dos grãos foi indispensável para que houvesse bom desempenho dos híbridos.
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41

Souza, Cassiana Felipe de. "Desempenho agronômico e eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio por cultivares de milho." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/728.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Corn plays an important role in the social and cultural economy and development of several regions of Brazil. However, the productivity is considered low, being the management of nitrogen fertilization and selection of efficient cultivars in the use of nitrogen the main factors responsible for the low productivity of this crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the agronomic performance and efficiency of nitrogen use by corn cultivars for the production of green ears and grains. Two experiments were carried out, one to obtain green maize and another to corn grain, both in the didactic garden of the Department of Plant Sciences of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), in the municipality of Mossoró-RN. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with five replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two nitrogen doses (0 and 90 kg ha-1) and three corn cultivars (Cruzeta variety, Truck transgenic and AG 1051 hybrid). For green maize, we evaluated plant height and stem insertion, shoot diameter, dry mass of the plant, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, yield of green ears with straw and without straw and N efficiency indexes. For grain maize, we evaluated dry matter of the plant, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, grain yield and N efficiency indexes. In both experiments, the cultivars presented higher productive performance when fertilized with nitrogen and The AG 1051 hybrid was the most efficient in the use of nitrogen. The cultivars AG 1051 and Cruzeta presented the highest plant height and first spike insertion, and the cultivar Truck presented the highest leaf number and productivity. The highest accumulations of dry mass and NPK were observed in cultivars AG 1051 and Cruzeta. The leaves and the grains accumulated more nitrogen, whereas the stem and the cob accumulated more K. The cultivar Truck was the most indicated for the production of green corn
O milho possui importante papel na economia e desenvolvimento social e cultural de várias regiões do Brasil. No entanto, a produtividade é considerada baixa, sendo o manejo da adubação nitrogenada e a seleção de cultivares eficientes no uso do nitrogênio os principais fatores responsáveis pela baixa produtividade desta cultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho agronômico e a eficiência do uso de nitrogênio por cultivares de milho para produção de espigas verdes e de grãos. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um para obtenção do milho verde e outro para milho grão, ambos na horta didática do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), no município de Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de duas doses de nitrogênio (0 e 90 kg ha-1) e três cultivares de milho (variedade Cruzeta, transgênico Truck e o híbrido AG 1051). Para o milho verde, foram avaliados: altura da planta e da inserção da espiga, diâmetro do colmo, massa seca da planta, acúmulo de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, a produtividade de espigas verdes com palha e sem palha e os índices de eficiência do N. No milho grão, avaliaram-se a massa seca da planta, acúmulo de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, a produtividade de grãos e os índices de eficiência do N. Em ambos os experimentos, as cultivares apresentaram maior desempenho produtivo quando adubadas com nitrogênio e o híbrido AG 1051 foi o mais eficiente quanto ao uso do nitrogênio. As cultivares AG 1051 e Cruzeta apresentaram as maiores alturas de planta e de inserção da primeira espiga, e a cultivar Truck apresentou a maior prolificidade e número de folhas. Os maiores acúmulos de massa seca e de NPK foram observados nas cultivares AG 1051 e Cruzeta. As folhas e os grãos acumularam mais nitrogênio, ao passo que o caule e o sabugo acumularam mais K. A cultivar Truck foi a mais indicada para produção de milho verde
2017-06-22
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42

Terra, Tatiana de Freitas. "Análises citogenéticas e moleculares em populações de milho (Zea mays L.), teosinto (Zea mexicana L.) e em híbridos entre as duas espécies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15452.

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O sucesso de um programa de melhoramento depende da qualidade do germoplasma utilizado para obter combinações de genes importantes. As combinações podem ser oriundas de hibridizações amplas, até mesmo entre espécies ancestrais. Entretanto, para a elevação constante do ganho genético em novas variedades, é fundamental que o trabalho produza continuamente populações com alta freqüência de genes de interesse agronômico. O Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Sul iniciou um programa de melhoramento genético de milho comum em 1998 e, posteriormente de milho doce, os quais possuem resultados significativos em diversas áreas do conhecimento científico. Em função das mutações ocorridas, existem diferenças nas propriedades texturais, forma e quantidade de endosperma dos milhos atuais, classificando-os como milho comum, milho pipoca e milho doce. O teosinto por ser uma espécie botânica relacionada ao milho pode ser utilizado como fonte de importantes caracteres agronômicos em programas de melhoramento desse cereal, com possibilidades de hibridização e introgressão de genes. Os objetivos principais desse trabalho foram analisar citogeneticamente os genótipos de milho comum, milho doce, de teosinto e de híbridos oriundos de cruzamentos artificiais entre as populações originais, bem como, avaliar a variabilidade genética existente nessas populações e o relacionamento entre elas através da utilização de marcadores moleculares do tipo microssatélites (SSR). De maneira geral, os dados apresentados nesse trabalho indicam que as populações apresentam comportamento meiótico regular. Os híbridos apresentam algumas anormalidades, como por exemplo, presença de univalentes, pontes e fragmentos cromossômicos sem, entretanto, prejudicar a viabilidade dos grãos de pólen. É possível afirmar que a variabilidade genética existente no teosinto é superior a apresentada pelos genótipos de milho, provavelmente, devido a sua origem silvestre. Esses resultados confirmam a semelhança entre as duas espécies e sugerem que é possível utilizar o teosinto como fonte genética de um programa de melhoramento de milho.
The success of a breeding program relies on the quality of the germplams used as a source for combination of important genes. Such combinations can derive from broad hybridization, even from ancient ancestors. However, for a constant increase in genetic gain in new varieties it is necessary to constantly generate populations with high frequency of agronomic trait genes. The Department of Crop Science of the College of Agronomy at the UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Sul) started an ordinary maize-breeding program in 1998 and, latter on, a sweet maize program, which generated significant results at different scientific fields. Due to mutations, there have been found endosperm differences concerning textural properties, shape and amount in the current maize, so that they can be classified as ordinary, popcorn and sweet maize. As teosinte is a species related to maize, it can be used as source for important agronomical traits in this grainbreeding program, allowing hybridization and gene introgression. The objectives of this work were to cytogenetically analyze the genotypes of ordinary maize, popcorn, sweet maize, teosinte and hybrids derived from artificial crossings among original populations, as well as analyze genetic variability among these populations and the relationship within them by the use of microsatellite molecular markers (SSR). Generally, the data presented in this work indicate that the populations show a regular meiotic behavior. The hybrids present some anomalies, for example, presence of univalent, bridge and chromosomal fragments however, with no harm to grain pollen viability. It is possible to assure that the existing genetic variability in teosinte is superior to that found among the maize genotype, probable due to teosinte’s wild origin. These results confirm the close relation between the two species and suggest the possibility of using teosinte as source of genetic variability in a maize-breeding program.
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43

Watson, Andrew. "Fusarium species associated with cob rot of maize (zea mays) and sweet corn (zea mays var. rugosa) in New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28233.

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Fusarium verticillz'oz'des was the dominant Fusarium species isolated in surveys undertaken of both sweet corn and maize in various regions of New South Wales, Australia. The findings are based on the plating of 4105 pieces of corn tissue from which 2500 isolates of Fusarium were produced. Cob rot epidemics occurred in sweet corn in 2002 and maize in 2003 in New South Wales. Consequently surveys were undertaken to establish the species of Fusarium associated with both corn types. The main Fusarium species isolated in the sweet corn survey in 2003 were F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans all of which have been reported as causing cob and stalk rot of corn. Fusarium species were commonly isolated fiom stalks, peduncles and kernels of sweet corn irrespective of the presence of cob rot symptoms. F. subglutinans was the dominant species isolated from the Bathurst region, a cooler region at higher altitude than the other com growing areas. In contrast F. verticillz'oides and F. proliferatum were dominant in the hot western flat plains country. There was no reported cob rot on sweet corn in the year of the survey (2003) but it was severe in maize in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. F. verticz'llioz'des, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans were the dominant Fusarz'um species isolated from maize grains, stalks and peduncles. The season was characterised by above average temperatures and high evaporation rates during crop growth and silking and heavy rainfall close to crop maturity. F. verticillioides was the dominant species isolated from the two areas (Dubbosweet corn and Griffith-maize) where cob rot was observed. These areas are characterised by high temperatures during the growing season and both cob rot incidents were considered to be instigated by this endophytic fungus. F. proliferatum was the second most dominant species identified in the same regions as F. verticillioides and presumably contributed to cob rot symptoms in the maize cob rot event in 2003.
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44

Thompson, Iris Lee. "Agricultural Systems in Babati : Zea mays and its alternatives." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2660.

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This paper aims to give an understanding on the aspects that influences the choice of cropsand agricultural methods in Babati, Tanzania. Drought is a reoccurring problem in this part ofTanzania, which affects a majority of the towns’ farmers. This fact is likely to affect thechoice of crop as well as the limitations when it comes to the choices in cultivation. But thechoice itself has implications on its surrounding and can be affected by the surrounding. Tounderstand the circumstances, a wider picture will be depicted and an evaluation of thegeography of Babati and on its climate conditions. The results from this study suggest thatlack of crop rotation pose as a problem that should be studied. Furthermore, green manurefrom legumes and plants like Tithonia could be a less expensive alternative but can stillfunction as an effective fertilizer. Concerning the drought issue the study can not concludethat drought resistant crops would have any big improving effects. Nevertheless there is someevidence advocating that it could be apart of the solution in terms of avoiding some of thenegative effects brought on by drought.

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45

Simoni, Fabiana De [UNESP]. "Deterioração controlada em sementes de milho (Zea mays L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96811.

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Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho através dos testes de germinação e vigor: envelhecimento acelerado (EA), condutividade elétrica (CE), teste de frio (TF), emergência em campo (EC), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e também verificar se o teste de deterioração controlada (DC) é eficaz em diferenciar lotes de sementes quanto aos seus respectivos níveis de vigor. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes de milho, obtidos da Syngenta Seeds - Matão-SP. A germinação e o vigor dos lotes de sementes de milho foram avaliados antes do armazenamento, e a três e seis meses após o armazenamento. O teor de água das sementes foi determinado na caracterização inicial dos lotes e após o envelhecimento acelerado e a deterioração controlada. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições, e a comparação das médias foi feita usando-se o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram determinados também os coeficientes de correlação (r) entre os testes de vigor utilizados e o teste de deterioração controlada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: em geral o teste de deterioração controlada não foi eficiente em separar lotes de diferentes níveis de vigor de sementes de milho; considerando se o efeito da temperatura e o teor de água das sementes genericamente o que apresentou melhor resultado para o teste de deterioração controlada foi a temperatura de 41oC e o teor de água de 25%; foram observados apenas algumas correlações significativas, mas não consistentes entre o teste de deterioração controlada e os demais testes de vigor.
This research was carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory, Agronomy Department, Agriculture College, UNESP - University, Campus of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the corn seed physiological quality through the germination and vigor tests: cold test (CT), accelerated ageing (AA), field emergence (FE), speed of emergence index (SEI), and also to verify if the controlled deterioration test (CD) could be efficient in separating seed lots in different vigor levels. Five seed lots with diverse vigor levels were obtained from the Syngenta Seed Company, Matão, São Paulo State, Brazil. The germination and vigor of the corn seeds were evaluated before storage and three and six months after storage. The moisture content was characterized unitially and after the accelerated and controlled deterioration test. The esperimental design used was a complete randomized with a factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. For the mean comparison was used the Tukey test at 5% level of probability, and also were computed the correlation coefficient between the vigor tests in relation to the controlled deterioration test. According to the obtained results was concluded that : in general the controlled deterioration test was not efficient in separating different levels of vigor of corn seeds; considering the effect of temperature and the seed moisture content in a general way the best results for the controlled deterioration test were the temperature of 41oC and the seed moisture content of 25%; were observed only some significative but not consistent correlation between the controlled deterioration test and the other vigor tests.
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46

Somm, Patrick. "Die Erbschaftsklage des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches (Art. 598 - 600 ZGB) /." Bern ;Berlin [u.a.] : Lang, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/271844760.pdf.

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47

Balan, Nicolae. "Analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus transcription factor, Zta." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48903/.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects most of the adult population and persists for life after the initial contact. The extreme success of the virus is attributed to its bipartite life cycle, which consists of a dormant-like state of latency, with periodical reactivation to the virus producing, lytic phase. Zta (BZLF1, Z, Zebra or EB1) is a multifunctional viral protein that belongs to the bZIP family of transcription factors and is known as the master lytic regulator of EBV. Together with transcriptional activation, Zta has been shown to be involved in DNA binding-dependent transcriptional repression, particularly of the host class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator, CIITA. Distinct protein domains, as well as various post translational modifications, like phosphorylation of Serine 209 by the viral protein kinase (VPK), have been linked to different functional roles of Zta. In the present study, it was shown that VPK can partially inhibit SUMOylation of Zta on Lysine 12, in a manner which was not dependent on Serine 209 phosphorylation. However, no direct interaction of VPK and Zta could be observed and no significant effect of either proteins on histone H2AX phosphorylation was seen. Interestingly, in vitro reporter assays revealed that fusion of a SUMO moiety to the amine-terminus of Zta inhibited repression of the CIITA promoter, but not the activation of the viral BHLF1 promoter, pointing at divergent mechanisms of action of transcriptional repression and activation by Zta. Moreover, truncation of the carboxy-terminal dimerisation domain of Zta (crucial for protein-DNA interaction) abrogated BHLF1 transactivation but not CIITA down-regulation, revealing underlying diffe rences in DNA binding requirements for the two processes. Further in silico sequence analysis, coupled with a mutation approach of the CIITA promoter, confirmed that an alternate route to the Zta DNA binding-dependent repression exists. Finally, no single promoter element could be linked to down-regulation of CIITA, suggesting sequestration of a possible, yet unknown cofactor, by Zta.
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48

Simoni, Fabiana De. "Deterioração controlada em sementes de milho (Zea mays L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96811.

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Orientador: Rubens Sader
Banca: Francisco Humberto Dubbern de Souza
Banca: Silvio Moure Cícero
Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho através dos testes de germinação e vigor: envelhecimento acelerado (EA), condutividade elétrica (CE), teste de frio (TF), emergência em campo (EC), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e também verificar se o teste de deterioração controlada (DC) é eficaz em diferenciar lotes de sementes quanto aos seus respectivos níveis de vigor. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes de milho, obtidos da Syngenta Seeds - Matão-SP. A germinação e o vigor dos lotes de sementes de milho foram avaliados antes do armazenamento, e a três e seis meses após o armazenamento. O teor de água das sementes foi determinado na caracterização inicial dos lotes e após o envelhecimento acelerado e a deterioração controlada. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições, e a comparação das médias foi feita usando-se o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram determinados também os coeficientes de correlação (r) entre os testes de vigor utilizados e o teste de deterioração controlada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: em geral o teste de deterioração controlada não foi eficiente em separar lotes de diferentes níveis de vigor de sementes de milho; considerando se o efeito da temperatura e o teor de água das sementes genericamente o que apresentou melhor resultado para o teste de deterioração controlada foi a temperatura de 41oC e o teor de água de 25%; foram observados apenas algumas correlações significativas, mas não consistentes entre o teste de deterioração controlada e os demais testes de vigor.
Abstract: This research was carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory, Agronomy Department, Agriculture College, UNESP - University, Campus of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the corn seed physiological quality through the germination and vigor tests: cold test (CT), accelerated ageing (AA), field emergence (FE), speed of emergence index (SEI), and also to verify if the controlled deterioration test (CD) could be efficient in separating seed lots in different vigor levels. Five seed lots with diverse vigor levels were obtained from the Syngenta Seed Company, Matão, São Paulo State, Brazil. The germination and vigor of the corn seeds were evaluated before storage and three and six months after storage. The moisture content was characterized unitially and after the accelerated and controlled deterioration test. The esperimental design used was a complete randomized with a factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. For the mean comparison was used the Tukey test at 5% level of probability, and also were computed the correlation coefficient between the vigor tests in relation to the controlled deterioration test. According to the obtained results was concluded that : in general the controlled deterioration test was not efficient in separating different levels of vigor of corn seeds; considering the effect of temperature and the seed moisture content in a general way the best results for the controlled deterioration test were the temperature of 41oC and the seed moisture content of 25%; were observed only some significative but not consistent correlation between the controlled deterioration test and the other vigor tests.
Mestre
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49

King, Steve Russell. "Double-crop corn (zea mays) weed control in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32469.

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Abstract:
Double-crop production of corn (Zea mays L.) for grain following the harvest of small grain is not currently practiced in Virginia. Historical precipitation and evapotransportation data indicate that delayed corn planting could result in a higher probability of moisture during critical periods of crop development. Double-crop corn may also reduce economic risk as two crops would be harvested in the same year. Field experiments were conducted in three Virginia locations in 1998 and 1999 to determine the herbicide inputs required for double-crop corn production relative to those required in full-season no-till corn production. Experiments were conducted in a split-plot, randomized complete block design with cropping system as the main plot and herbicide treatment as the subplot. Herbicide treatments included combinations of nonselective herbicides for no-till establishment and/or preemergence residual herbicides and/or selective postemergence herbicides in both production systems. Glyphosate-tolerant corn was planted in all experiments and postemergence glyphosate treatments were also evaluated. In each experiment, dependent variables included weed control by species evaluated throughout the season, as well as weed biomass and corn yield evaluated at the end of the growing season. Generally, nonselective herbicides were not required in the double-crop system where atrazine was applied as a preemergence treatment, or where selective postemergence treatments were applied. Where a significant proportion of the infestation was comprised of perennial species, however, atrazine treatments were not sufficient in the double-crop system. Postemergence glyphosate treatments provided excellent broad-spectrum weed control in this situation. In heavy annual grass infestations, postemergence glyphosate treatments provided superior weed control to preemergence treatments alone, and equivalent weed control to treatments in which both preemergence and postemergence herbicides were applied. Corn yield response to weed control and cropping system variables varied significantly between the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. Where adequate late-season rainfall was received, economic return from small grain and corn crops in the double-crop system was higher than the return in the full-season system, particularly in infestations where the double-crop system allowed significant reduction in herbicide input.
Master of Science
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50

Miller, Nathaniel Douglas. "Management of burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) in corn (Zea mays)." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322616069.

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