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Collier, Robert J., Ehrin L. Annen, and Allison C. Fitzgerald. "Prospects for zero days dry." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 20, no. 3 (November 2004): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.009.
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Potter, Bruce. "The end of zero days?" Network Security 2005, no. 10 (October 2005): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(05)70290-7.
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Hann, Norm, Bo Ji, and Anna Qureshi. "2.5 Beta Methodology—Impact of “Zero SAIDI” Days." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 28, no. 3 (August 2013): 3517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2013.2244077.
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Jeon, Gyong-Ran. "Representation in Virtual Reality Documentaries : Focusing on Visual Expression of 〈Zero Day VR〉." Korean Journal of animation 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51467/asko.2020.12.16.4.278.
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Wei, Melissa Y., Nicholas Tilton, and Kenneth J. Mukamal. "QUANTIFYING THE BURDEN OF HOSPITALIZED DAYS IN MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES WITH MULTIMORBIDITY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3365.
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Abstract Multimorbidity predicts several health outcomes including physical and cognitive functioning and mortality. Multimorbidity also predicts healthcare burden, but this has not been studied using a patient-centered measure that weights conditions by their impact on physical functioning. Health and Retirement Study participants were continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A/B 1-year before and after the 2012-2013 HRS interview. Medicare claims were used to compute ICD-coded multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI-ICD) by summing physical functioning-weighted conditions. Given excess observations of zero hospital days (78.1%), we used zero-inflated Poisson regression to examine the association between multimorbidity and hospitalized days. First, logit models predicted membership into the zero-coded “no hospitalizations” group. Second, Poisson models predicted hospital days for participants not in the zero-coded group. We converted adjusted regression coefficients to odds ratios to report odds of zero hospitalized days. To compare model fit between MWI-ICD and simple disease count we used AICs. The final sample N=5201 participants had mean age 77.6+/-11.6 years, MWI-ICD 16.5+/-11.6, and 1.9+/-6.0 (range 0-90) hospitalized days. Each 1-point increase in MWI-ICD was associated with 4.3% decreased odds of zero hospitalized days (OR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.95-0.96) and 2% increased number of expected hospitalized days (IRR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03) over one year in adjusted models. MWI-ICD had a lower AIC than simple disease count. Multimorbidity measured with MWI-ICD was associated with a decreased odds of zero hospitalized days and an increased number of expected hospitalized days. Multimorbidity contributes greatly to patient burden through increased hospitalization and is better captured through an index weighting conditions to physical functioning.
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Conradie, Maria, Marco Smit, Rochelle Janse van Rensburg, Sayed Taqvi, Brendan Orsmond, Robin Andrews, Andrea van der Vegte, et al. "Under Pressure–TrolleyGar, a Metric Reflecting a Hospital System at Crisis-Capacity." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (May 2023): s153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23003990.
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Introduction:Health service capacity has been an issue in Ireland since the 1980s swinging cuts. Government reports from 2003 have consistently identified a requirement for 3,000-5,000 extra beds on top of the current approximately 10,500 capacity. Acute hospital bed capacity issues have escalated, the formal system of recording “over capacity” patients or “patients on trolleys” has developed. A “Trolleygar” reports issues from the Health Service Executive (HSE) three times daily. This count is an underestimate as patients temporarily housed in day care units, surgical, or medical assessment units, discharge lounges and other clinical areas which have a bed space are not counted in this overcapacity measure. This study's aim is to calculate the annual number of days on which no patients were lodged on trolleys in Wexford General Hospital.Method:Descriptive study using anonymized freely available data from the national HSE Trolley GAR reports on trolley patients in Wexford General Hospital from January 2019 until September 2022. A Golden Zero trolley day was stated as a day on which there were no reported trolley-patients at the three time points, Silver Zero trolley day when two of the time periods recorded no trolleys and a Bronze Zero Trolley day when one period recorded a zero trolley count.Results:Data was collected on 1,369 days, with 90 days excluded due to missing data sets. There were 162 Golden days recorded (12.67% of total days). The year 2020 recorded the highest number of Golden days at 28.69% (105 days), followed by 2021 with 11.23% (41 days). During 2019 there were 3.84% (14 days) Golden days and 2022 had the lowest number (January-September) with 0.73% (2 days).Conclusion:Despite a zero-tolerance policy, Golden days are disappearing rapidly, capacity is urgently required with post-pandemic ED attendance surges worldwide. True recording of overcapacity patients is required for appropriate capacity modeling.
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Ding, Xiaotao, Lizhong He, Rongguang Li, Tingting Qian, Hongmei Zhang, Haijun Jin, Jiawei Cui, et al. "Zero Discharge of Nutrient Solution to the Environment in a Soilless Greenhouse Cucumber Production System." Plants 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172252.
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With the development of the economy and society, more attention is being paid to energy costs and the potential environmental pollution caused by vegetable cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of zero discharge of nutrient solutions on cucumber growth, leaf photosynthesis, and the yield and quality of cucumber under greenhouse conditions. The results show that zero discharge treatment did not change plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and leaf relative chlorophyll content on the most measurement days. Only Pn and relative chlorophyll content were significantly reduced after 16 days of treatment but soon recovered over time. Cucumber plants can adapt to treatment circumstances over the course of days. Leaf mineral element contents showed significant differences on some treatment days compared to the control, and trace elements of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Mo can be appropriately supplied during the treatment days. The cucumber yield and fruit quality in the zero discharge treatment did not change during the whole experimental period. This study confirmed that the irrigation method of a nutrient solution with zero discharge can be applied in cucumber cultivation practices. The strict management of irrigation strategy, plant growth, and greenhouse climate are very important for zero discharge cultivation. The cultivation method with zero discharge of nutrient solution can reduce the energy costs of disinfection, save water and fertilizers, and reduce the environmental pollution in cucumber cultivation.
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Wang, Xuechun, Shaojun Pei, Lianhao Wang, Bin La, Mingchen Zhao, Xiangyu Zhang, and Zhongwei Jia. "Investigation on the possibility of dynamic COVID-Zero strategy in China: a population-based transmission model analysis and economic evaluation." BMJ Open 13, no. 8 (August 2023): e067294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067294.
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ObjectiveTo explore the feasible and cost-effective intervention strategies to achieve the goal of dynamic COVID-Zero in China.DesignA Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered model combined economic evaluation was used to generate the number of infections, the time for dynamic COVID-Zero and calculate cost-effectiveness under different intervention strategies. The model simulated the 1 year spread of COVID-19 in mainland China after 100 initial infections were imported.InterventionsAccording to close contact tracing degree from 80% to 100%, close contact tracing time from 2 days to 1 day, isolation time from 14 days to 7 days, scope of nucleic acid testing (NAT) from 10% to 100% and NAT frequency from weekly to every day, 720 scenarios were simulated.Outcome measureCumulative number of infections (CI), social COVID-Zero duration (SCD), total cost (TC) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Results205 of 720 scenarios could achieve the total COVID-Zero since the first case was reported. The fastest and most cost-effective strategy was Scenario 680, in which all close contacts were traced within 1 day, the isolation time was 14 days and 10% of the national population was randomly checked for NAT every day. In Scenario 680, the CI was 280 (100 initial infections) and the SCD was 13 days. The TC was ¥4126 hundred million and the cost of reducing one infection was ¥47 470. However, when the close contact tracing time was 2 days and the degree of close contact tracing was 80%–90%, the SCD would double to 24–101 days and the TCs increased by ¥16 505 to 37 134 hundred million compared with Scenario 680.ConclusionsIf all close contact was controlled within 1 day, the rapid social COVID-Zero can be achieved effectively and cost-effectively. Therefore, the future prevention and control of emerging respiratory infectious diseases can focus on enhancing the ability of close contact tracing.
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Hall, Derek. "Varieties of Zombieism: Approaching Comparative Political Economy through 28 Days Later and Wild Zero." International Studies Perspectives 12, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2010.00415.x.
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Karlsson, Erik B. "Scattering by atoms in zero-point states: from Debye and Waller to present days." Trends in Physical Chemistry 22 (December 31, 2022): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31300/tpc.22.2022.1-15.
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Rumahorbo, Kusni Rohani, Budi Susetyo, and Kusman Sadik. "PEMODELAN DATA TERSENSOR KANAN MENGGUNAKAN ZERO INFLATED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DAN HURDLE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v3i2.247.
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Health is a very important thing for humanity. One way to look at a person's health condition is through the number of unhealthy days which can also shows the productivity of the community in a region. Modeling the number of unhealthy days which are examples of count data can be done using Poisson regression. Problems that are often faced in data counts are overdispersion and excess zero. Poisson regression cannot be applied to data that experiences both of these. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial and Hurdle Negative Binomial modeling was performed on data with 2 conditions, uncensored and censored. The explanatory variables used are gender, age, marital status, education level, home ownership status and rural-urban status. According to the results of the AIC and RMSE calculation, Zero Inflated Negative Binomial on censored data showed the best performance for estimating the number of unhealthy days.
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McGraw, Dean, and Bruce Bostian. "EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND WEEDS ON YIELD OF `EXCEL' SWEETPOTATO." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 261B—261. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.261b.
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Effects of herbicides and weeds were demonstrated by exposing `Excel' sweetpotatoes to a randomized complete block design of 3 replications of various treatments ranging from phytotoxity to no weed control in 1991 & 1992. Plots were either left unweeded, hoed clean or treated with herbicides (sethoxydim, clomazone, metolachlor, imazethapyr) or selective hand weeded to remove broadleaf weeds. Hand weeded treatments were hoed twice. After 120 days weeds remaining in each plot were cut at ground level, dried and weighed. At 125 days the plots were harvested. The roots were cured, graded and weighed. Weed dry weight ranged from zero to nearly 6.5 cwt/A. Weed dry weight as a % of total marketable sweetpotatoes ranged from zero to 34.5% in 1991 and zero to 19.8% in 1992. Competition from grasses reduced sweetpotato yield more than broadleaf weeds. Total marketable sweetpotato yields ranged from zero to 426 cwt/A in 1991 and from 210 cwt/A to 289 cwt/A in 1992.
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Snelder, T. H., T. Datry, N. Lamouroux, S. T. Larned, E. Sauquet, H. Pella, and C. Catalogne. "Regionalization of patterns of flow intermittence from gauging station records." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 1511–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1511-2013.
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Abstract. Understanding large-scale patterns in flow intermittence is important for effective water resource management. We used daily flow records from 628 gauging stations on rivers with minimally modified flows distributed throughout France to predict regional patterns of flow intermittence. For each station we calculated two annual times-series describing flow intermittence; the frequency of zero-flow periods (consecutive days of zero-flow) in each year of record (FREQ; yr−1), and the total number of zero-flow days in each year of record (DUR; days). These time series were used to calculate two indices for each station, the mean annual frequency of zero-flow periods (mFREQ; yr−1), and the mean duration of zero-flow periods (mDUR; days). Approximately 20% of stations had recorded at least one zero-flow period. Dissimilarities between pairs of gauges calculated from the annual times-series (FREQ and DUR) and geographic distances were weakly correlated, indicating that there was little spatial synchronization of zero-flow. A flow-regime classification for the gauging stations discriminated intermittent and perennial stations, and an intermittence classification grouped intermittent stations into three classes based on the values of mFREQ and mDUR. We used Random Forest (RF) models to relate the flow-regime and intermittence classifications to several environmental characteristics of the gauging station catchments. The RF model of the flow-regime classification had a cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.47, indicating fair performance and the intermittence classification had poor performance (cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.35). Both classification models identified significant environment-intermittence associations, in particular with regional-scale climate patterns and also catchment area, shape and slope. However, we suggest that the fair-to-poor performance of the classification models is because intermittence is also controlled by processes operating at scales smaller than catchments, such as groundwater-table fluctuations and seepage through permeable channels. We suggest that high spatial heterogeneity in these small-scale processes partly explains the low spatial synchronization of zero-flows. While 20% of gauges were classified as intermittent, the flow-regime model predicted 39% of all river segments to be intermittent, indicating that the gauging station network under-represents intermittent river segments in France. Predictions of regional patterns in flow intermittence provide useful information for applications including environmental flow-setting, estimating assimilative capacity for contaminants, designing bio-monitoring programs and making preliminary estimates of the effects of climate change on flow intermittence.
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Sarumpaet, Mey Yanti, Sigit Nugroho, and Ramya Rachmawati. "HANDLING OF OVERDISPERSION CASES IN MORBIDITY DATA IN SELUMA REGENCY." MEDIA STATISTIKA 16, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.16.2.206-214.
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The problem of overdispersion as a violation of the assumption of equidispersion in Poisson regression is generally caused by sources of unobserved heterogeneity, missing observations on predictor variables, outliers in the data, errors in the specification of the bridging function, and many observed values that are zero. The purpose of this study is to find out the right model and the variables that affect data that occurs overdispersion and excess zero in the case of the number of days of disruption at work, school, or other daily activities due to health complaints. The methods used were Poisson Regression, Negative Binomial Regression, Hurdle Poisson Regression, Zero Inflated Poisson Regression, Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Regression, and Hurdle Negative Binomial Regression. The data used were morbidity taken from data on the number of days of disruption at work, school or other daily activities due to health complaints in Seluma district, Bengkulu Province. It was found that the best model is Zero Inflated Negative Poisson with the smallest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value of 1620.609 and the variables that have a significant effect on the log model and the logit model are marital status and work variables.
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Snelder, T. H., T. Datry, N. Lamouroux, S. T. Larned, E. Sauquet, H. Pella, and C. Catalogne. "Regionalization of patterns of flow intermittence from gauging station records." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 11, 2013): 2685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2685-2013.
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Abstract. Understanding large-scale patterns in flow intermittence is important for effective river management. The duration and frequency of zero-flow periods are associated with the ecological characteristics of rivers and have important implications for water resources management. We used daily flow records from 628 gauging stations on rivers with minimally modified flows distributed throughout France to predict regional patterns of flow intermittence. For each station we calculated two annual times series describing flow intermittence; the frequency of zero-flow periods (consecutive days of zero flow) in each year of record (FREQ; yr−1), and the total number of zero-flow days in each year of record (DUR; days). These time series were used to calculate two indices for each station, the mean annual frequency of zero-flow periods (mFREQ; yr−1), and the mean duration of zero-flow periods (mDUR; days). Approximately 20% of stations had recorded at least one zero-flow period in their record. Dissimilarities between pairs of gauges calculated from the annual times series (FREQ and DUR) and geographic distances were weakly correlated, indicating that there was little spatial synchronization of zero flow. A flow-regime classification for the gauging stations discriminated intermittent and perennial stations, and an intermittence classification grouped intermittent stations into three classes based on the values of mFREQ and mDUR. We used random forest (RF) models to relate the flow-regime and intermittence classifications to several environmental characteristics of the gauging station catchments. The RF model of the flow-regime classification had a cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.47, indicating fair performance and the intermittence classification had poor performance (cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.35). Both classification models identified significant environment-intermittence associations, in particular with regional-scale climate patterns and also catchment area, shape and slope. However, we suggest that the fair-to-poor performance of the classification models is because intermittence is also controlled by processes operating at scales smaller than catchments, such as groundwater-table fluctuations and seepage through permeable channels. We suggest that high spatial heterogeneity in these small-scale processes partly explains the low spatial synchronization of zero flows. While 20% of gauges were classified as intermittent, the flow-regime model predicted 39% of all river segments to be intermittent, indicating that the gauging station network under-represents intermittent river segments in France. Predictions of regional patterns in flow intermittence provide useful information for applications including environmental flow setting, estimating assimilative capacity for contaminants, designing bio-monitoring programs and making preliminary predictions of the effects of climate change on flow intermittence.
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RAMESH, S.S. RANA, S.C. NEGI, SURESH KUMAR, and S.K. SUBEHIA. "Effect of resource-conserving and planting techniques on productivity of maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system." Indian Journal of Agronomy 59, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i1.4542.
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A field experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam soil of Palampur during 20092011, to study effect of till- age and planting-management techniques in maize ( Zea mays L )wheat { Triticum aestivum (L ) emend. Fiori & . . Paol.) cropping system. Zero tillage in rainy ( kharif) and winter ( rabi) seasons resulted comparable yield as with multi-crop planter, manual seed drill and conventional tillage methods. However, multi-crop planter and manual seed drill in the rainy season produced significantly higher effective plants/m2 of maize (8.0 and 7.8, respectively). In case of wheat, conventional tillage in the rainy season produced significantly the highest effective spikes/m2 (322.6) over the other treatments. However, multi-crop planter in the winter season produced significantly the high- est effective spikes/m2 (337.6). Water productivity in the rainy season was minimum under zero tillage (41.3 kg maize grain equivalent yield (mey)/ha-mm) and maximum under manual seed drill (48.5 kg mey/ha-mm), while wa- ter use was the lowest under manual seed drill and the maximum under zero tillage. Systems total energy output was the highest with conventional tillage in the rainy season and multi-crop planter in the winter season. In maize crop, manual seed drill and multi-crop planter in the rainy season produced significantly lower total weed count at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Similarly, the total weed dry weight 90 days after sowing (DAS) was lowest under manual seed drill. In wheat crop, multi-crop planter, manual seed drill and conventional tillage in the winter season produced significantly lower weed count (at 30 and 60 DAS respectively) compared to zero tillage. Seeding with zero tillage, multi-crop planter and manual seed drill in the rainy season and the winter season could save 9, 11.5 and 6 man-days and 22, 16 and 9 man-days, respectively, over the conventional tillage.
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MOHSIN, R. M., K. N. ABD ASAL, A. A. KAMALUDDIN, and A. A. ZAKY. "GENOTYPES AND STORAGE DURATION EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF CUT FLOWER – GERBERA (GERBERA JAMESONII HOOK)." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.24.
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Studies on cut flowers have occurred, for improving their quality is the main priority. One of the top 10 cut flowers in the world, the gerbera, or Transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii Hook), is a flowering plant. The presented study aimed to investigate the effect of genotypes, storage duration, and their interactions on the quality of cut flower – Transvaal daisy. Two cultivars of Gerbera (sweet smile and sweet surprise) and their four storage durations underwent examination on the various parameters of vase life and carbohydrates. The results exhibited that the cultivar ‘Sweet smile’ had exceptional values of the studied parameters compared with the cultivar ‘Sweet surprise.’ The treatment of seven days with dry-cool storage proved superior upon 14- and 21-day treatments (11.71, 11.05, and 5.94, respectively) and had the highest positive effects on vase life and flower carbohydrate content compared with the other two storage treatments. The treatment of zero days (non-stored flowers) was significantly superior to seven-day storage. The interactions of cultivars and storage durations gave the highest effect in reducing the depletion of the carbohydrates content in cultivars with zero days, increasing the flower’s vase life. Therefore, the highest values recorded for the cultivar Sweet smile are zero days, followed by seven days of storage, compared with the rest of the treatments.
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Browne, Kevin P., Steve D. Shafran, and John M. Conly. "The Cost of Health Care for AIDS Patients in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1, no. 4 (1990): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/487591.
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The medical records of 19 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed in an attempt to estimate their health care costs. The patients were all male, members of high risk groups and diagnosed between April 1985 and February 1988. Twelve of the patients died; they lived a mean of 240 days (range 0 to 580) after diagnosis, were admitted three times (range one to six) to hospital for 65 total days (range one to 148) for a cost per patient of $33,721 (range $2,768 to $64,981) for inpatient care. They made five (range zero to 25) office visits per patient costing $196 per patient (range $0 to $4,999) for outpatient care. The seven survivors (one was lost to follow-up) have lived 375 days (range 186 to 551) since diagnosis, have been admitted to hospital two times (range zero to seven) for 30 total days (range zero to 86) for a total cost per patient of $14,223 (range $0 to $39,410) for inpatient care. They have made 11 office/emergency room visits (range zero to 46) costing in total $4322 (range $0 to $13,605) for outpatient care. The total expenditure was $546,332 ($28,754 per patient), of which total fees to physicians were $37,210 (6.8%), and estimated costs of laboratory tests $117,917 (21.6%), drugs $36,930 (6.7%), and medical imaging $20,794 (3.8%). Patients now deceased cost $416,445 (mean $34,704 per patient), accounting for 76.2% of overall expenditures. The average medical/surgical and drug costs per patient day in hospital were greater foraidspatients than for the average medical/surgical patient in the authors’ institution.
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Fresán-Ruiz, Elena, Gemma Pons-Tomás, Juan Carlos de Carlos-Vicente, Amaya Bustinza-Arriortua, María Slocker-Barrio, Sylvia Belda-Hofheinz, Montserrat Nieto-Moro, et al. "Device Exposure and Patient Risk Factors’ Impact on the Healthcare-Associated Infection Rates in PICUs." Children 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111669.
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Healthcare-associated infections related to device use (DA-HAIs) are a serious public health problem since they increase mortality, length of hospital stay and healthcare costs. We performed a multicenter, prospective study analyzing critically ill pediatric patients admitted to 26 Spanish pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) over a 3-month period each year from 2014 to 2019. To make comparisons and evaluate the influence of HAI Zero Bundles (care bundles that intend to reduce the DA-HAI rates to zero) on PICU HAI rates, the analysis was divided into two periods: 2014–2016 and 2017–2019 (once most of the units had incorporated all the Zero Bundles). A total of 11,260 pediatric patients were included. There were 390 episodes of HAIs in 317 patients and the overall rate of HAIs was 6.3 per 1000 patient days. The DA-HAI distribution was: 2.46/1000 CVC days for central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), 5.75/1000 MV days for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and 3.6/1000 UC days for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Comparing the two periods, the HAI rate decreased (p = 0.061) as well as HAI episodes (p = 0.011). The results demonstrate that exposure to devices constitutes an extrinsic risk factor for acquiring HAIs. The multivariate analysis highlights previous bacterial colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria as the most important extrinsic risk factor for HAIs (OR 20.4; 95%CI 14.3–29.1). In conclusion, HAI Zero Bundles have been shown to decrease HAI rates, and the focus should be on the prompt removal of devices, especially in children with important intrinsic risk factors.
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Zhu, Zhongmeng, Chengkai Jiang, Qian Cheng, Jianwei Zhang, Shaoyun Guo, Ying Xiong, Baoqiang Fu, Wenlong Yang, and Han Jiang. "Accelerated aging test of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber using the time–temperature–strain superposition principle." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 90178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18528a.
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The long-term (~550 days) degradation of fracture strain of HNBR under the reference condition of 60 °C @ zero strain can be predicted using the time–temperature–strain superposition principle with the short-term (<10 days) test results.
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Al Bizri, Ayah, Rima Hanna Wakim, Alaa Obeid, Tania Daaboul, Lama Charafeddine, Nabil Mounla, Pascale Nakad, and Khalid Yunis. "A Quality improvement initiative to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in a low-and-middle-income country." BMJ Open Quality 12, no. 2 (June 2023): e002129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002129.
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BackgroundPremature and sick neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are in need of central lines placing them at high risk of contracting a central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). CLABSI extends length of stay to 10–14 days post negative cultures and increases morbidity, use of multiple antibiotics, mortality and hospital cost. To reduce CLABSI rate at the American University of Beirut Medical Center NICU, the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network developed a quality improvement project to reduce CLABSI rate by 50% over a 1-year period and to sustain reduced CLABSI rate.MethodsCentral line insertion and maintenance bundles were implemented for all infants admitted to the NICU necessitating central lines placement. Bundles included hand washing, wearing protective material and sterile drapes during central lines insertion and maintenance.ResultsCLABSI rate decreased by 76% from 4.82 (6 infections; 1244 catheter days) to 1.09 (2 infection; 1830 catheter days) per 1000 CL days after 1 year. Following the bundles’ success in reducing CLABSI rate, they were incorporated permanently to NICU standard procedure and bundle checklists were added to the medical sheets. CLABSI rate was maintained at 1.15 per 1000 CL days during the second year. It then decreased to 0.66 per 1000 CL days in the third year before reaching zero in the fourth year. In total, zero CLABSI rate was sustained for 23 consecutive months.ConclusionReducing CLABSI rate is necessary to improving newborn quality of care and outcome. Our bundles were successful in drastically reducing and sustaining a low CLABSI rate. It was even successful in achieving a zero CLABSI unit for 2 years.
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Cammaerts, Marie-Claire, and Roger Cammaerts. "Ants Acquire the Notion of Zero through Experiences." International Journal of Biology 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p13.
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The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti have a concrete notion of zero and locate this zero at the lower end of their mental number line. Here we examined how they acquire such a notion: do they have it natively or do they learn it over their life? We worked on young ants a few weeks old, and used operant conditioning to zero, the latter being a white paper or ‘nothing, no cue’, presented vs a black dot. In a first series of experiments, we showed that young ants do not detain the notion of zero. In a second series of experiments on the same ants, we first tempted learning them the notion of zero by facing them with a filled and an empty food tube during two days. They were then submitted to conditioning to ‘zero’, and they correctly responded to it. Consequently, the ants have not natively the notion of zero but acquire it through experiences.
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Ma, Chang Wen, Qi Ming Xian, Hong Yong Xie, Jie Guan, and Zhi Guo Sun. "Modeling Perchloroethylene Reduction in Zero-Valent Metal System Using Mathematical Method." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.804.
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The dechlorination of perchloroethylene (PCE) in aqueous solution is significant for the decontamination of water. Previous study based on batch tests was conducted on the degradation of PCE using zero-valent metal. The degradation reaction fit well with pseudo-first-order kinetic model. In this study a hypothesized reaction sequence for reduction of chlorinated ethylene and related compounds was presented to describe the reticulation degradation pathway of PCE. Mathematical model was developed to predict the subsequent degradation of PCE and intermediates; results showed that 170 days were needed to transform all of PCE to non-chlorinated hydrocarbons in degradation reactors contained zero-valent iron, while 240 days were needed for zero-valent zinc. The variation of each species probably occurred in degradation process were also predicted, and the intermediates showed the same variation tendency of increasing in the first stage, reaching to peak value, and then decreasing in later period.
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Fritz-Sheridan, R. P. "Impact of Simulated Acid Rains on Nitrogenase Activity in Peltigera Aphthosa and P. Polydactyla." Lichenologist 17, no. 1 (February 1985): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282985000044.
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AbstractTwo ubiquitous diazotrophic North American lichens, Peltigera aphthosa and P. polydaclyla, were subjected to simulated acid rain. Both lichens exhibited a 50% reduction in nitrogen fixation at pH 5, 80% reduction at pH 4 and complete inhibition at pH 2. Nitrogen fixation was zero after 20 days exposure to simulated rain at pH 3 and zero after fourdays at pH 2.
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Tong, Lennard J., Graeme A. Moss, Timothy D. Pickering, and Megan P. Paewai. "Temperature effects on embryo and early larval development of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii, and description of a method to predict larval hatch times." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99049.
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Ovigerous spiny lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) with known egg extrusion dates were held at four temperatures and embryo development was monitored at weekly intervals. Times to hatch were approximately 65 days, 95 days, 155 days and 163 days at 18˚C, 15˚C, 12˚C and ambient temperatures (9–14˚C) respectively. For the embryos, the appearance of the median eye, the eyes and the chromatophores, and an eye index, were used to calculate the biological zero, i.e. the theoretical temperature at which development ceases, which, for J. edwardsii, was 7.53˚C. A formula based on the eye index was then derived to predict time to hatch at a range of temperatures using the cumulative difference between the rearing temperature and the biological zero. Data were also collected on the time between females moulting and mating, the total number of larvae successfully hatched for a range of female sizes and Stage I phyllosoma larval size in relation to the embryo-rearing temperature.
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Moudgil, A., L. Singla, and M. Singh. "First report on molecular identification and fenbendazole resistance against Baylisascaris transfuga infection in Melursus ursinus (sloth bear)." Helminthologia 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0239-2.
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AbstractBased on morphometric findings and polymerase chain reaction amplification of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSs), the worms and eggs retrieved from sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) kept at Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Zoological Park, Chhatbir (Punjab, India) were delineated as Baylisascaris transfuga. Therapeutic intervention with fenbendazole à 10 mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days, associated with complete disinfection of the enclosures, proved to be effective for the first few days with the reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces from 2800 (zero day) to 400 (14.28 %), 700 (25 %) and 800 (28.57 %) on days 1, 4 and 7 post treatments, respectively. The intensity of EPG increased to 2400 (85.71 %) on day 21 post treatment with respect to day zero. A modified schedule with fenbendazole à 15 mg/kg body weight for first three days followed by 10 mg/kg body weight for next three days proved to be effective thus indicating the development of resistance. The study places on record the molecular characterisation of B. transfuga from sloth bears and development of resistance against fenbendazole.
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Favoretto, S. R., M. L. Carrieri, M. S. Tino, A. Assis, C. R. Zanetti, and O. A. C. Pereira. "Reduced schedule of human anti-rabies immunization with Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine: additional data." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 35, no. 3 (June 1993): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651993000300010.
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It was reevaluated a reduced schedule for anti-rabies post-exposure immunization with newborn mice nervous tissue vaccine (Fuenzalida 8c Palacios) in a group of 30 non exposed volunteers. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular injections on days zero, 2, 4, 16 and 27, in the deltoid area. Antibody levels were determinated by a simplified serum neutralization microtest on days zero, 16 and 37. On days 16 and 37 the antibody levels of the whole group was >0.5 IU/ml and >1.0 IU/ml, respectively. The cell mediated immunity was precociously detected (on day 4) by the delayed type hipersensitivity skin test. Our results show that this reduced schedule elicited an early and effective humoral and cellular immune response. However it is necessary other studies with larger groups of vaccinees in order to obtain definitive conclusion.
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Alhammad, Bushra Ahmed, Dhirendra Kumar Roy, Shivani Ranjan, Smruti Ranjan Padhan, Sumit Sow, Dibyajyoti Nath, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, and Harun Gitari. "Conservation Tillage and Weed Management Influencing Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance, Soil Properties, and Profitability in a Rice–Wheat–Greengram System in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071953.
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A three-year field experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of various tillage and residue management practices, as well as weed management approaches, in a rice–wheat–green gram rotation. The treatments included: conventional till transplanted rice–conventional till wheat–fallow (T1); conventional till transplanted rice–zero-till wheat–zero-till green gram (T2); conventional till direct-seeded rice—conventional-till wheat—zero-till green gram (T3); zero-till direct-seeded rice—zero-till wheat—zero-till green gram (T4); zero-till direct-seeded rice + residue zero-till wheat + residue zero-till green gram (T5). In weed management, three treatments are as follows: recommended herbicides (W1); integrated weed management (W2); and unweeded (W3). The integrated weed management treatment had the lowest weed biomass, which was 44.3, 45.3, and 33.7% lower than the treatment W3 at 30 and 60 days after sowing and harvest, respectively. T1 grain and straw yielded more than T2 in the early years than in subsequent years. The conventional till transplanted rice–zero-till wheat–zero-till green gram system produced 33.6, 37.6, and 27.7% greater net returns than the zero-till direct-seeded rice—zero-till wheat—zero-till greengram system, respectively. Conventional till transplanted rice–conventional till wheat–fallow had the biggest reduction (0.41%) in soil organic carbon from the initial value. The findings of the study demonstrated that adopting the transplanting method for rice, followed by zero tillage for wheat and green gram, enhanced productivity and profitability, while simultaneously preserving soil health.
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Tawiah, Kassim, Wahab Abdul Iddrisu, and Killian Asampana Asosega. "Zero-Inflated Time Series Modelling of COVID-19 Deaths in Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543977.
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Discrete count time series data with an excessive number of zeros have warranted the development of zero-inflated time series models to incorporate the inflation of zeros and the overdispersion that comes with it. In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of the trend of daily count of COVID-19 deaths in Ghana using zero-inflated models. We envisaged that the trend of COVID-19 deaths per day in Ghana portrays a general increase from the onset of the pandemic in the country to about day 160 after which there is a general decrease onward. We fitted a zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model and zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model to the data in the partial-likelihood framework. The zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model outperformed the zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model. On the other hand, the dynamic zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model performed better than the dynamic negative binomial autoregressive model. The predicted new death based on the zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model indicated that Ghana’s COVID-19 death per day will rise sharply few days after 30th November 2020 and drastically fall just as in the observed data.
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Tiecher, Diego Daniel, Marta Gomes da Rocha, Luciana Pötter, Paulo Roberto Salvador, Tuani Lopes Bergoli, and Gabriela Descovi Milanesi. "Morphogenesis and structure of Tifton 85 cultivated in subtropical climate and fertilized with nitrogen." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 38, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i4.32147.
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The experiment evaluated the morphogenesis and structure of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) cultivated in subtropical climate and fertilized with nitrogen (N). The experiment was a completely randomized design with four levels of N (Zero; 75; 150 or 225 kg ha-1) in nine replicates per area. The experimental animals were Suffolk female lambs. The grazing method was continuous to maintain the sward height at 15 cm ± 10%. The stem expansion increased by 0.000027 cm degree-days-1 to each kg N applied (linear model). According to nonlinear model, the highest stem expansion (0.0226 cm degree-days-1) was observed with the use 220.1 kg ha-1 N. The leaf lifespan fitted a linear regression model, with increase of 50 degree-days leaf -1, comparing the levels zero and 225 kg ha-1 of N. According to nonlinear regression model, the longest leaf lifespan (407.1 degree-days) was observed with the use 208.8 kg ha-1 N. With the maintenance of sward height at approximately 15 cm, we recommended to use 200 kg ha-1 N in Tifton 85 cultivated in subtropical climate.
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Feng, Joseph C., and Stan Navratil. "Sampling for zero-time hexazinone residues in forest soil dissipation study." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-206.
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A new soil sampling method using glass jars to measure zero-time herbicide residues was compared with a conventional method using a soil corer under forest conditions in northern Alberta. A liquid formulation of hexazinone was diluted 20 times with water and applied with a four-nozzle overhead backpack sprayer. Use of the glass jar method resulted in 5 times more efficient recovery of hexazinone residues from soils (3.8 kg/ha) than the conventional corer method (0.8 kg/ha) at zero time. The corer method should be used following soil penetration of residues. Subsurface (0–30 cm) hexazinone levels sampled by this method were determined to be 2.0 and 0.35 kg/ha, respectively, 210 and 360 days after application. The combined use of glass jars for zero time and the soil corer for subsequent samplings produced the best result in estimating the dissipation rate of hexazinone in forest soils. Because of the late application in the fall and frozen ground in winter, the dissipation time for 50% of hexazinone was 206 days.
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Green, G. M., G. Jurkowska, F. L. Berube, N. Rivard, D. Guan, and J. Morisset. "Role of cholecystokinin in induction and maintenance of dietary protein-stimulated pancreatic growth." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): G740—G746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.4.g740.
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The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in induction and maintenance of pancreatic growth stimulated by a high-protein diet was investigated. Rats adapted to 5% casein diet were switched to 70% casein for 21 days. MK-329, a CCK receptor antagonist, was administered at 2.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 ip, beginning on day zero (day zero treatment) or day 7 (midcourse treatment) of feeding 70% casein and thereafter. Another group was returned to 5% casein after 7 days of feeding 70% casein. Feeding 70% casein significantly stimulated increases of 32, 87, 74, 216, and 1,450% in pancreatic DNA, RNA, wet weight, protein content, and chymotrypsin content, respectively. Midcourse treatment with MK-329 was more effective than day zero treatment, and it completely reversed increases in pancreatic weight and RNA content, partially reversed increases in protein and chymotrypsin content, and had no effect on DNA content. Return to 5% casein rapidly reversed increases in pancreatic parameters, except for DNA. The results indicate that CCK is essential for induction and maintenance of dietary protein-stimulated pancreatic hypertrophy.
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Poca, Maria A., Francisco Martínez-Ricarte, Juan Sahuquillo, Roberto Lastra, Ramón Torné, and Maria S. Armengol. "Intracranial pressure monitoring with the Neurodur-P epidural sensor: a prospective study in patients with adult hydrocephalus or idiopathic intracranial hypertension." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 5 (May 2008): 934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/0934.
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Object Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an epidural sensor is a common technique used in selected neurosurgical patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and accuracy of the Neurodur-P epidural sensor in the clinical setting. Methods The zero drift, as well as the medical and technical complications, of using the Neurodur-P sensor placed in the epidural space was evaluated in 106 patients with hydrocephalus of varying causes or with suspected intracranial hypertension. Results The median duration of ICP monitoring was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–12 days). In 78 (73.6%) of the 106 patients the pressure reading was recorded at sensor removal. No zero drift was observed in 28 sensors. The median drift was 0 mm Hg with an IQR of −1 to 1 mm Hg. No significant differences were found between patients monitored for ≤ 5 days and those monitored for > 5 days (t = 535, p = 0.100). No correlation was found between zero drift and monitoring time (r = 0.153, p = 0.181). Of the 83 patients with a follow-up computed tomography scan, 3 showed a < 1 ml collection of blood at the catheter tip. No clinical infections could be attributed to the devices. Only 1 sensor malfunctioned. Conclusions Continuous ICP monitoring using the Neurodur-P sensor is safe, reliable, and easy to perform. At present, using this device is the authors' standard method for the long-term monitoring of patients with alterations in complex cerebrospinal fluid dynamics or with implanted shunts.
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Moino, Ana Luiza Ubinha, Catarina Ribeiro Barros Alencar, Maisa Camilo Jordão, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Ana Carolina Magalhães, Heitor Marques Honório, and Daniela Rios. "IMPACT OF LIGHT AND SUGAR-FREE BEVERAGES ON DENTIN EROSION - AN IN VITRO STUDY." Journal of Research in Dentistry 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e22014159-68.
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AIM: To compare the erosive effect of different light and sugar free beverages in relation to their regular version, on dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine root dentin samples were randomized into 9 different types of drinks (each n=12): Coca-cola®, Light Coca-cola®, Coca-cola® Zero, Guaraná Antartica®, Guaraná Antartica® Zero, Sprite®, Sprite® Zero, Del Valle® Passion fruit juice and Del Valle® Light Passion fruit juice. During each one of the 10 experimental days, the samples were subjected to 3 erosive demineralization (by immersion of the sample in the studied drink) and remineralization (by immersion of the sample in artificial saliva) cycles. Profilometry was evaluated at the end of the 1st, 5th and 10th days. For each type of drink, the data were tested using 2 way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Erosive cycling with regular cola resulted in a higher wear on the first day, on the 5th day the regular drink was similar to zero and greater than light version, on the 10th day there was no difference between the versions of cola drink. For the Sprite drink there was difference between the versions just in the 10th day, in which the higher wear was promoted by the zero version. For guaraná and juice beverages there was no differences between versions in relation to the resulted erosive wear. CONCLUSION: Erosive tooth wear promoted by light and sugar-free or regular versions of soft drinks and juices showed distinct behaviours over the cycling time.
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Vineeth, C., T. K. Pant, K. K. Kumar, and S. G. Sumod. "Tropical connection to the polar stratospheric sudden warming through quasi 16-day planetary wave." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 11 (November 5, 2010): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-2007-2010.
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Abstract. The Planetary Waves (PWs) are believed to have significant role in generating the wintertime warming over the polar stratosphere, known as Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW). However, the origin, characteristics and evolution of these waves are still speculative. The possibility that the PWs over the polar stratosphere, which play an important role in the generation of SSW, could also have contribution from the tropics has been indicated through many numerical simulations in the past, but due to the paucity of global measurements it could not be established unequivocally. The earlier numerical studies also indicated the presence of a zero-wind line (more general the critical layer, where the zonal wind amplitude becomes zero) whose real counterparts were not observed in the atmosphere. The present study based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis of stratospheric wind and temperatures of recent years clearly shows that (i) the zero-wind line appears over the tropics ~60 days prior to the major SSWs and progresses towards the Pole and (ii) an enhanced PW activity of quasi periodicity 16-days, which is also seen almost simultaneously with the zero-wind line, shows a propagation from equator to the Pole. This result is significant as it presents for the first time the connection between the tropics during the SSW events and the pole, through the quasi 16-day wave.
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Segerstedt, Anders, Beatriz Abdul-Jalbar, and Björn Samuelsson. "Reformulated Silver-Meal and Similar Lot Sizing Techniques." Axioms 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2023): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12070661.
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Literature and most textbooks around the world describe Silver-Meal in such a way that periods with zero demand make Silver-Meal suggest a higher frequency of order replenishments than necessary and therefore higher total costs than necessary. Silver-Meal, still the best-known technique, is therefore inferior to other lesser-known techniques when the time interval in the calculations presently is days and not months. The purpose of this article is to show that another mathematical formulation of Silver-Meal avoids this trouble. We also point to characteristics such as Silver-Meal, Least Unit Cost, Part-Period Balancing, and lot-sizing techniques that are available in many textbooks for operations and supply chain management. We illustrate the techniques with different examples of periods without demand, declining demand, and varying demand. We point out possible problems with the different techniques. Literature mostly does not consider periods of zero demand, which was not so important before. Lot-sizing methods must cope with the important performance indicator “Days of inventory”. Numerous practical situations with zero demand periods exist where a lot of sizing techniques help for efficient operations. It is necessary knowledge and a tool for students (future users, performers, and managers). “Lägsta periodkostnad” is a restored and reformulated Silver-Meal, with Silver-Meal’s characteristics already presented in literature, except those difficulties with zero demand periods disappear.
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Fernández-Barceló, Carla, Ismail Abbas, Guido Muñoz, Joan Sanchez, Ricard Mellado-Artigas, Carlos Ferrando, and Laura Sampietro-Colom. "OP72 Innovating To Decrease Mortality And Resource Use In Surgical Inpatients: The ZERO Project." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 39, S1 (December 2023): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646232300096x.
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IntroductionInterest in early detection of complications in hospitals has increased recently. Complications after elective or urgent surgery are frequent and are associated with higher mortality rates, longer hospital stays, and more resource utilization. The ZERO project implemented an educational nursing program and developed an innovative algorithm that assesses a patient’s complication risk based on clinical parameters to prevent complications and reduce hospital burden. Our aim was to present the results from one year of implementing ZERO at the Clinic Barcelona University Hospital.MethodsA comparative effectiveness and cost study was conducted. Data from patients admitted after elective or urgent surgery were collected for one year retrospectively (n=8,844 from January 2019 to December 2019) and prospectively (ZERO) (n=8,163 from October 2021 to October 2022). Effectiveness was measured in terms of mortality, complications, and life-years gained (LYG). Length of stay (LoS) at conventional, intermediate, and intensive care units and rates of readmissions were collected for resource use. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. The t-test and Wilcoxon test were used for normally and non-normally distributed continuous variables, respectively.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the rate of complications (7.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.46, -7.19; p<0.001) with ZERO. Moreover, there were statistically significant reductions in mean LoS for readmissions to conventional wards (-5.04 days, 95%CI: -9.9, -0.18; p=0.04) and to the intensive care ward within the same episode (-4.68 days, 95%CI: -9.26, -0.14; p=0.02). The mean cost per patient was EUR2,772.92 and EUR2,591.57 before and after ZERO implementation, respectively. After accounting for the cost of implementing ZERO, there was a cost saving of EUR147.76 per patient (p=0.048), which yielded a yearly impact of EUR1,206,165 for the hospital budget.ConclusionsThis one-year analysis of the effect of ZERO on surgical patients shows that it decreases complication rates and all types of LoS, leading to overall cost savings for the hospital.
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Ahrens, T., JC Penick, and MK Tucker. "Frequency requirements for zeroing transducers in hemodynamic monitoring." American Journal of Critical Care 4, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1995.4.6.466.
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BACKGROUND: Accurate hemodynamic monitoring information can be obtained only if the transducer/amplifier system is used correctly. One major component of correct use is zeroing the transducer to provide a relative reference point on which to measure hemodynamic pressures. However, nursing requirements for frequency of zeroing are inconsistent. In addition, the concepts of leveling and zeroing are frequently confused. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transducers drift from zero (+/- 2 mm Hg), and if they do not drift from zero, how long they hold a zero value. METHODS: The study, conducted in four midwestern hospitals, was carried out in two parts: an initial 10-day bench test of 50 transducers and an evaluation of 388 transducers attached to patients for 1 to 5 days. Transducers were monitored over time after being consistently leveled. RESULTS: Bench testing indicated that 100% of transducers did not drift +/- 2 mm Hg from zero during the study period. In the clinical study, only 1.3% of transducers drifted from zero. Five transducers drifted +/- 2 mm Hg from zero, with a range of -5 to 3 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that transducers used for hemodynamic monitoring require zeroing only on initial setup and disconnection from the amplifier.
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Liu, S. Q., and Y. C. Fung. "Relationship Between Hypertension, Hypertrophy, and Opening Angle of Zero-Stress State of Arteries Following Aortic Constriction." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3168386.
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Examination of changes occurring in the zero-stress state of an organ provides a way to study cellular growth in the organ due to change of physical stresses. The zero-stress state of the aorta is not a tube. It is a sector with an opening angle that varies with the location on the aorta and changes with cellular remodeling. Blood vessel remodeling can be induced by imposing a constriction on the abdominal aorta by a metal clip (aortic banding), which causes an increase of blood pressure, hypertrophy of the aortic wall, and large change of opening angle. The correlation of the opening angle with the blood vessel wall thickness and blood pressure changes in rat’s aorta due to aortic banding is presented in this report. The opening angle changes daily following the aortic banding. Blood pressure rises in vessels of the upper body, but that in the lower body decreases at first and then rises to an asymptotic value. Blood vessel wall thickness increases in rough proportion to blood pressure. Vessel diameter changes also. But the most dramatic is the course of change of the zero-stress state. Typically, the time to reach 50 percent of asymptotic hypertrophy of blood vessel wall thickness is about 3–5 days. The corresponding time for blood pressure is about 7 days. The opening angle of the zero-stress state, however, increases rapidly at first, reaches a peak in about 2 to 4 days, then decreases gradually to a reduced asymptote. The exact values of the time constants depend on the location along the aortic tree. In general, the course of change of residual strain is very different from those of the blood pressure and the blood vessel wall thickness.
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Mesa, Ruben A., Andrew C. Perkins, Yeow Tee Goh, Maria Laura Fox, Donal P. McLornan, Jeanne Palmer, Lynda Foltz, et al. "Longitudinal Assessment of Transfusion Intensity in Patients with JAK Inhibitor-Naive or -Experienced Myelofibrosis Treated with Momelotinib in the Phase 3 Simplify-1 and Momentum Trials." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-177774.
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Introduction: Anemia is a cardinal feature of myelofibrosis (MF), along with splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, often used to manage anemia in patients (pts) with MF, are a negative prognostic factor for overall survival and are associated with diminished quality of life and increased healthcare-related economic burden. Momelotinib (MMB), a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2/activin A receptor type 1 inhibitor, has demonstrated clinically meaningful and durable improvements in anemia, splenomegaly, and symptoms. Prespecified anemia endpoints in MMB phase 3 studies prioritized achievement of a strict transfusion independence response, defined as no transfusions for ≥12 wk immediately before the end of wk 24, with all hemoglobin levels ≥8 g/dL. Longitudinal analysis of transfusion intensity (units per 28 days) in a phase 2 trial of MMB in pts with transfusion-dependent MF demonstrated a reduction in transfusion burden in most (85%) pts (Harrison C, et al. EHA 2023). Here, we further characterize the impact of MMB and comparators on transfusion burden in pts with JAK inhibitor-naive and -experienced MF from the phase 3 SIMPLIFY-1 and MOMENTUM trials. Methods: This analysis evaluated time-dependent transfusion burden in pts enrolled in the phase 3 SIMPLIFY-1 (NCT01969838) and MOMENTUM (NCT04173494) trials. SIMPLIFY-1 included pts with JAK inhibitor-naive MF randomized (1:1) to receive MMB or ruxolitinib (RUX). In MOMENTUM, pts with symptomatic (Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score ≥10), anemic (hemoglobin <10 g/dL), JAK inhibitor-experienced MF were randomized (2:1) to receive MMB or danazol (DAN). All RBC units transfused were collected during the 24-wk randomized treatment period of each study and during the 84 days before receipt of randomized treatment on study for baseline assessment. Time-dependent transfusion burden was quantified by number of RBC units administered, in a tabular display of baseline- and treatment-period intensity. Pts were grouped jointly based on the baseline- and treatment-period intensity of RBC units per 28 days into ordinal bins: exactly zero units, >0 to 1 unit, >1 to 2 units, >2 to 3 units, >3 to 4 units, and >4 units. Results: In SIMPLIFY-1 (JAK inhibitor-naive pts), 150 of 213 evaluable pts (70%) in the MMB arm and 163 of 216 evaluable pts (76%) in the RUX arm required zero units of RBC transfusion per 28 days at baseline. Of pts who required zero units of transfusion at baseline, a higher proportion in the MMB arm (142 of 150 [95%]) maintained a requirement of zero RBC transfusions during randomized treatment of 24 wks vs the RUX arm (93 of 163 [57%]). Overall, the mean RBC transfusion burden per 28 days declined 0.10 units (SD, 0.701) from baseline to randomized treatment in the MMB arm and increased 0.39 units (SD, 1.016) in the RUX arm. Using ordinal bins, 87% of pts in the MMB arm maintained (144 [67.6%]) or improved (41 [19.2%]) RBC transfusion intensity during randomized treatment compared with baseline vs 54% in the RUX arm (maintained, 94 [43.5%]; improved, 23 [10.6%]) (Figure). In MOMENTUM (JAK inhibitor-experienced pts), most pts had some transfusion requirement at baseline, with 26 of 130 (20%) in the MMB arm and 11 of 65 (17%) in the DAN arm requiring zero units of RBC transfusion per 28 days. During randomized treatment, a higher proportion of pts in the MMB arm (46 of 130 [35%]) required zero units of RBC transfusion vs the DAN arm (11 of 65 [17%]), including a higher proportion of those who had zero RBC transfusion requirement at baseline who maintained zero RBC transfusion requirement during randomized treatment (MMB, 92%; DAN, 64%). The mean RBC transfusion burden per 28 days declined 0.86 units (SD, 1.748) from baseline to randomized treatment in the MMB arm and declined 0.28 units (SD, 1.584) in the DAN arm. Using ordinal bins, 85% of pts in the MMB arm maintained (25 [19.2%]) or improved (85 [65.4%]) RBC transfusion intensity compared with baseline vs 63% in the DAN arm (maintained, 7 [10.8%]; improved, 34 [52.3%]). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that MMB was associated with better maintenance of RBC transfusion intensity and zero RBC transfusion status vs RUX in pts with MF who were JAK inhibitor naive and showed greater reduction in RBC transfusion burden from baseline vs DAN in pts with MF who were JAK inhibitor experienced. Across both trials, ≥85% of pts treated with MMB maintained or improved transfusion intensity.
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Bavetta, Seb, John S. Norris, Michelle Wyatt, John C. Sutcliffe, and Peter J. Hamlyn. "Prospective study of zero drift in fiberoptic pressure monitors used in clinical practice." Journal of Neurosurgery 86, no. 6 (June 1997): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1997.86.6.0927.
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✓ One hundred and one fiberoptic pressure transducers (59 subdural and 42 ventricular) were studied in 86 patients (some in whom more than one device had been inserted). Only four complications occurred: two transient cerebrospinal fluid leaks after removal and two clinically insignificant intracerebral hematomas. No intracranial infections could be attributed to the devices. Technical problems occurred 23 times, with 11 devices ceasing to function before removal, seven becoming displaced, and five microventricular catheters failing to enter the ventricles. Zero-drift readings were obtained for 83 devices at the time of removal (median 66 hours after insertion, range 2 hours–13 days). There was a clear negative bias in the readings (median −3), with a wide range of values (−12 to +14 mm Hg; interquartile range −6 to −1) that was apparent even in the first 3 days of use. There was no important relationship between zero drift and any recorded variable. It is concluded that zero drift of fiberoptic pressure transducers is a significant problem and that undue reliance should not be placed on intracranial pressure readings from these devices in isolation from other clinical and radiological information.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of Gamma Rays on Some Aspects of BiologicalPerformance of Callosobrchus maculatus (Fabricius)and Trogoderma granarium (Everts)." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2007): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.1.8-13.
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The effect of gamma rays on males and females ofCallasobruchus maculatus and Trogoderma granarium which were irradiated as 1-3 days old adults was investigated. The results revealed that the percent egg hatch for both pests was zero ,and average number of egg (34.2,21.5) for both pests respectively where their males where irradiated with 0.18 kGy and mated with unirradiated females. While the percent of egg hatch and the average number of egg (zero,21,3) respectively when the females where irradiated with 0.18 and 0.15 kGy and mated to unirradiated males for C. maculatus and T. granarium respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the percent of eggs hatch and average number of egg was ( zero,22.7) for C. maculatus when both sexes irradiated with 0.12 kGy and mated together and it was also (zero,11.5) for T. granarium when both sexes where irradiated with 0.15 kGy and mated together.
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DIVAKAR DEV, VIVEK, SHEESH PAL SINGH, and RAVINDRA KUMAR. "Indian Journal of Agronomy 58 (2): 215__219 (June 2013) Research Paper." Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, no. 2 (October 10, 2001): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i2.4175.
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A field experiment was conducted at Meerut during rabi season 20052006 and 20062007, in a spilt plot de- sign with four replications to find out the effect of weed management and tillage methods on wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]. The tillage methods as main-plots treatment comprised of zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage, whereas weed control practices as sub-plot comprised of five treatments viz. sulfosulforon 25 g/ha, isoproturon 750 g + 2,4-D 250 g/ha, metribuzin 250 g/ha applied at 30 days after sowing, weed free and weedy cheek. The highest yield attributes and yield were noticed under conventional tillage fol- lowed by zero tillage. Minimum weed density and dry matter accumulation was found under zero tillage. Zero till- age was most economical. Among the methods of weed control, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha gave excellent control of weeds and increased the yield attributes and yield, gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. Thus zero tillage in combination with application of sulfosulfuron 25g/ha was found effective to manage weeds and increase wheat grain yield.
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Ranjhani, R., P. S. Kavitha, I. Muthuvel, M. K. Kalarani, K. A. Shanmugasundaram, and K. Gurusamy. "Physio-Chemical Changes during Ethrel Treatment of Mango cv. Alphonso under Different Temperature Regimes." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 12, 2023): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102618.
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Aim: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the second most consumed fruit which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Ripening in mango (climacteric fruit) is hastened by application of ethrel. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different temperatures during ethrel treatment on shelf life and quality of mango cv. Alphonso.
Study Design: The experiment consisted of three treatments and seven replications laid out in Completely randomized design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Department of Fruit Science, Horticulture College and research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2022-2023.
Methodology: Mango cv. Alphonso was subjected to ethrel treatment in three different ripening chambers having different temperatures viz., T1 – silpaulin chamber (33°C), T2 – zero energy cool chamber (26°C), T3 – cold chamber (22°C) for a period of 24 hours. After ethylene treatment, the fruits were stored at ambient temperature to study the ripening behaviour. Shelf life and quality parameters were observed and recorded.
Results: The days taken for ripening was lesser (6 days) and the rate of conversion of quality attributes were higher in fruits subjected to ethrel treatment in silpaulin chamber. The quality attributes like TSS (22°Brix), acidity (0.25 %), TSS : acid ratio (88) were significantly higher in fruits treated in silpaulin chamber on the day of ripening. The physiological loss in weight was found to be significantly lesser in fruits subjected to ethylene treatment in cold chamber (6.56 %) and were on par with fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber (6.71%) whereas the firmness and shelf life were found to be significantly higher in cold chamber treated fruits (2.35 N, 15 days respectively) but firmness was on par with fruits subjected to ethylene treatment in zero energy cool chamber (2.21 N) on ripening. The overall acceptability of fruits in sensory evaluations was significantly higher in fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber (8.3) which was on par with fruits treated in cold chamber (8.1).
Conclusion: The fruits treated in silpaulin chamber had better TSS, acidity and TSS: acid blend. The fruits treated in cold chamber were superior in shelf life and sensory score which was also on par with fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber. Hence zero energy cool chamber can be used as an alternative to cold chamber for ethrel treatment which would be cost effective, environment friendly and can be used by small traders and farmers.
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Park, Sangshin, Sarah Navratil, Ashley Gregory, Arin Bauer, Indumathi Srinath, Barbara Szonyi, Kendra Nightingale, et al. "Multifactorial Effects of Ambient Temperature, Precipitation, Farm Management, and Environmental Factors Determine the Level of Generic Escherichia coli Contamination on Preharvested Spinach." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (January 30, 2015): 2635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03793-14.
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ABSTRACTA repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to identify farm management, environment, weather, and landscape factors that predict the count of genericEscherichia colion spinach at the preharvest level.E. coliwas enumerated for 955 spinach samples collected on 12 farms in Texas and Colorado between 2010 and 2012. Farm management and environmental characteristics were surveyed using a questionnaire. Weather and landscape data were obtained from National Resources Information databases. A two-part mixed-effect negative binomial hurdle model, consisting of a logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial part with farm and date as random effects, was used to identify factors affectingE. colicounts on spinach. Results indicated that the odds of a contamination event (non-zero versus zero counts) vary by state (odds ratio [OR] = 108.1). Odds of contamination decreased with implementation of hygiene practices (OR = 0.06) and increased with an increasing average precipitation amount (mm) in the past 29 days (OR = 3.5) and the application of manure (OR = 52.2). On contaminated spinach,E. colicounts increased with the average precipitation amount over the past 29 days. The relationship betweenE. colicount and the average maximum daily temperature over the 9 days prior to sampling followed a quadratic function with the highest bacterial count at around 24°C. These findings indicate that the odds of a contamination event in spinach are determined by farm management, environment, and weather factors. However, once the contamination event has occurred, the count ofE. colion spinach is determined by weather only.
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Reddy, A. Vijaya Bhaskar, V. Madhavi, K. Gangadhara Reddy, and G. Madhavi. "Remediation of Chlorpyrifos-Contaminated Soils by Laboratory-Synthesized Zero-Valent Nano Iron Particles: Effect of pH and Aluminium Salts." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/521045.
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Degradation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in contaminated soils was investigated using laboratory synthesized zero-valent nano iron (ZVNI) particles. The synthesized ZVNI particles were characterized as nanoscale sized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The zero-valent state (Fe0) of iron was confirmed by EDAX analysis and the morphology of the ZVNI particles was studied by XRD. Batch experiments were conducted by treating the chlorpyrifos contaminated soil with ZVNI, our results indicate that 90% of chlorpyrifos was degraded after 10 days of incubation. Only 32% degradation was observed with micro zero-valent iron (mZVI) and no considerable degradation was attained without ZVNI. The degradation of chlorpyrifos followed the first-order kinetics with a rate constant and a half-life of 0.245 day−1and 2.82 days, respectively. Degradation was monitored at two different pH values, that is, pH 10 and pH 4. Chlorpyrifos degradation rate constant increased as the pH decreases from 10 to 4. The corresponding rate constant and half-lives were 0.43 day−1and 1.57days for pH 4, 0.18 day−1and 3.65 days for pH 10. In addition, an attempt was made by augmenting Al2(SO4)3with ZVNI and it was found that the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was greatly enhanced and the rate constant was rapidly increased from 0.245 day−1to 0.60 day−1. Hydrolysis and stepwise dechlorination pathway of chlorpyrifos with ZVNI was the dominant reaction.
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Adie, Mochammad Muchlish, Ayda Krisnawati, and Rudi Iswanto. "Agronomic Performance of Soybean Genotypes in Lowland Paddy Fields under Zero-tillage Condition." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23263.
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In Indonesia, soybean is mostly cultivated in lowland following the yearly planting pattern of paddy – paddy – soybean under zero-tillage condition. The research aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance of several soybean genotypes in lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. A total of 12 soybean genotypes, including the check varieties of Wilis and Anjasmoro, were evaluated in lowland after rice planting in three locations (Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan). A randomized block design with four replications was used in each location. The soybean yield is a complex character which determined by interrelated agronomic characters. The averages seed yield in Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan were 2.97 t/ha, 3.02 t/ha, and 2.68 t/ha, respectively. Two genotypes produced equal yield with Anjasmoro, i.e. AT12-1062 (3.01 t/ha) and AT12-1037 (3.0 t/ha). Anjasmoro variety had the highest 100 seed weight (15.40 g), and only AT12-1035 showed the equal seed weight. The average days to maturity of 12 genotypes was 83 days. In addition to Anjasmoro variety, soybean genotypes AT12-1062 and AT12-1037 (medium maturity and medium seed size) as the new findings form this study were potential to be developed at lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. The availability of the soybean genotypes adaptive to lowland paddy field under zero tillage condition is important to optimize the soybean productivity as well as the income of farmers in Indonesia.
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Sommer, Greg, Laura Fredriksen, Gabriella Iacovetti, Kyungjin Hong, and Ulrich Schaff. "Zero delay plasma vs. Streck cfDNA tubes: Does immediately centrifuging blood at the point of draw improve cell-free DNA signal-to-noise?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e14529-e14529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14529.
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e14529 Background: Sample quality is a critical consideration for high fidelity cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing. Oncological cfDNA tests used for liquid biopsy typically employ specialty blood collection tubes containing chemical preservatives to minimize degradation of samples prior to lab testing. Here we describe a newly developed device, Zero Delay Plasma– a portable centrifuge and disc system designed to immediately isolate cell-free plasma at the point of blood draw – and evaluate its performance against the Streck cfDNA collection tube. Methods: Whole blood was collected, processed, and stored at room temperature for up to 7 days with both the Zero Delay Plasma system and the Streck cfDNA blood collection tube. Sample hemolysis was measured via cell-free hemoglobin. Genomic contamination and cfDNA signal-to-noise were evaluated by qPCR and electrophoresis, comparing signal from target 150-200bp cfDNA to contaminating longer length genomic sequences in the sample. 2 sets of hemolysis experiments, 2 sets of electrophoresis experiments and 4 sets of qPCR experiments were conducted. Results: Plasma processed with the Zero Delay Plasma system yielded ~4X lower hemolysis levels, ~10X lower genomic contamination, and ~20X higher cfDNA signal-to-noise compared to the Streck cfDNA collection tube after 7 days of storage at room temperature. Conclusions: The Zero Delay Plasma system minimizes sample degradation and analytical background signal for cfDNA testing by immediately removing cells and other contaminants at the point of blood collection. Clinical evaluations are in process.
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Liss, Michael A., Thomas E. Ahlering, Blanca Morales, Adam Gordon, Kathryn Osann, Douglas Skarecky, Achim Lusch, Frank Zaldivar, and Gamal M. Ghoniem. "Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a Predictor of Prolonged Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy." Open Urology & Nephrology Journal 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874303x01609010044.
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Objectives: To investigate monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as a novel urinary biomarker to predict prolonged post prostatectomy incontinence. Methods: Men submitted urine samples prior to robotic radical prostatectomy. MCP-1 values were derived using an ELISA test. Pad usage at 7, 30, and 60 days were documented by patient post cards mailed when zero pads was reached. The primary outcome was defined as no incontinence pad usage at 30 days at prostatectomy. Results: After exclusions, 76 patients were included in analyses. Continence was reached by 29% (22/76), 56% (42/76), and (75/76) 98% at 7, 30, and 60 days, respectively. The average MCP-1 (p=0.258) was not different between the continent and incontinent groups. Highest quartile of MCP-1 (MCP > 166 pg/mL) and normalized MCP-1 (MCP-1/TV >0.53) noted a significant delay in continence at 30 days (p=0.050 and p=0.003). Only 26% (5/19) in the highest MCP1/TV quartile were continent, whereas 65% (37/57) of men in the 3 lower quartiles reached zero pad continence (p=0.003). In a logistic regression model the highest quartile of MCP1/TV had a significant chance of being incontinent at 30 days (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.058-0.80; p=0.022). Conclusion: MCP-1/TV is a urinary biomarker that may predict prolonged urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
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CARTER, M. R., and D. A. RENNIE. "SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDER ZERO TILLAGE SYSTEMS FOR WHEAT IN SASKATCHEWAN." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-036.
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Soil temperature profiles and the aerial growth of wheat were characterized over portions of the growing season in 1980 and 1981 under zero and conventional tillage systems in a semi-arid region of Saskatchewan. Differences in maximum and minimum soil temperature, accumulative heat sums and thermal diffusivity over the 2.5-cm to 20-cm soil depth were related to variations in surface crop residues, soil moisture and crop canopy. Generally, maximum soil temperatures were 1–5 °C lower under zero tillage compared to conventional tillage during the first 30 days of crop growth for spring wheat. Similar soil temperature differences were evident between winter wheat zero tilled on stubble or chemical fallow during the period of early spring growth. Subsequent differences in crop canopy (shoot height), between tillage systems, tended to modify the soil temperature profile. Soil temperature differences were not associated with differences in yields of spring or winter wheat. Key words: Soil temperature, soil thermal properties, zero tillage systems, wheat,semi-arid climate