Academic literature on the topic 'Zendaya'

This study is proposed to analyze conversation analysis, especially for turn-taking strategy in a video of Actors on Actors Conversation by Variety featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield. This study used a qualitative method with Stenstrom’s framework to analyze the turn-taking strategy used in the conversation. The process of analysis consists of four steps; streaming Variety’s Actors on Actors Conversation video featuring Zendaya and Andrew Garfield, transcribing the conversation, classifying the data, and interpreting the data. The result of this study showed that turn-taking strategies appear in the conversation. There were starting up, promoting, interrupting, repeating words, taking over, overlapping, appealing, silent pauses, and filled pauses. The most frequent turn-taking strategy used is the overlapping strategy. Therefore, this study suggests that conversation analysis is important for understanding the intent of people's speech. In addition, this study can be used as a reflection on both theoretical and practical contributions. In theory, this study supports the theory of conversation analysis in turn-taking strategies. In fact, teachers can use it as a reference for applied linguistics courses.

Chanel’s French legacy enables it to strengthen its reputation and remove past problems. It should pursue middle-class adult women for their high luxury consumption ambitions, and return to its pre-pandemic marketing expenditure levels to beat the high profiles, diversity, firmness, and discrete distribution approaches of key rivals Dior, LVMH, Gucci, and Burberry. The traditional store should keep giving the best client experiences, although Chanel’s online store ought to be developed to properly market its sub-brands. Celebrities Han So Hee and Zendaya Coleman must be the brand’s ambassadors given their rich talents and strong online presence. Dedicated pop-up shops and hosting holiday stays for public consumers should be Chanel’s best experiential activation tactics going forward.

Notas sobre lo camp de Susan Sontag (1964) supuso el asentamiento del camp en el ámbito cultural y académico; pero nunca había trascendido a la comunicación de masas. Con la Gala del Met de 2019 el camp llega a todos los públicos, a través de artistas y modelos famosos. En este artículo nos acercamos a la expresión del camp a través del diseño presentado por Tommy Hilfiger para la actriz Zendaya haciendo una reescritura del cuento de hadas, La Cenicienta (Perrault, 1697). La estética inspirada en la adaptación de Disney en 1950 se presenta como un elemento camp mezclando conceptos como la magia, la transformación y la inocencia a través de la moda. Reescribir y reinterpretar cuentos europeos forma parte de la tradición literaria y cinematográfica; la moda toma este relevo en diseños utilizando los elementos propios del cuento para una nueva construcción del relato. Desde el camp se busca reescribir distintas narraciones socialmente aceptadas como la feminidad, a través de la ironía, la imitación y la exageración -elementos propios del camp- observados en muchos de los trajes de la gala. Este trabajo busca encontrar los signos que definen la estética de la inocencia, los símbolos que se han constituido como mitos consolidados representantes de la infancia, y su posible utilización para la creación de un diseño de moda como elemento camp. Veremos los puntos de encuentro entre la adaptación cinematográfica, la presentación del traje en la Gala del Met y la sensibilidad camp.

Abstract Backround: The in vitro cytotoxic effects of six different clear aligner materials were evaluated using the MTT analysis. Methods: The clear aligner material samples [Duran (ScheuDental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany), Zendura-Flx (Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, CA, USA), Taglus (Laxmi Dental Export Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India), Smart Track (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA), Zendura (Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, CA, USA), Essix C + (Essix® (Raintree Essix, Inc., 4001 Division St, Metairie, LA-USA)] were initially kept in a saline solution in airtight test tubes for 8 weeks at 37°C. According to the recommended ISO standards, the weights of the samples were divided by the volumes of the dilutions in the ratio of 0.1 g/ml. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of the samples, an MTT analysis was performed using a human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF). To analyse the data, the Kruskal– Wallis test was applied (a=0.05). Results: Zendura was the most cytotoxic material resulting in 67.3 ± 16.20% cell viability, followed by Smart Track with 87.6 ± 5.53% cell viability. While Duran, Essix C + had 92.6 ± 26.34% and 94.9 ± 8.54% cell viability, Zendura-Flx, Taglus had 106.9 ± 12.76% and 113.183 ± 7.45% cell viability, respectively. Conclusion: While Zendura and Smart Track showed mild cytotoxicity, other materials showed greater cell viabilities. According to the ISO standards, the clinical use of each brand of aligners, except Zendura, may be considered reliable. Taking into account standard deviation, Zendura and Duran should be used with caution. The suppliers of aligners should adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations since an increase in ion release might arise from material wear.

Amaç: Şeffaf plak tedavisinin başarılı olabilmesi için, plak materyalinin çevre periodontal dokulara zarar vermeden istenilen diş hareketlerini yaptırabilecek yeterli ortodontik kuvveti sağlaması gerekmektedir. Şeffaf plakların malzemesinin mekanik özellikleri üretilen ortodontik kuvvet için kritik bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı şeffaf plak materyallerinin ortodontik kuvveti etkileyebilecek mekanik özelliklerinin değişimlerinin tespiti ve etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sıfır hipotezi, termoplastik malzemelerden elde edilmiş farklı şeffaf plak materyallerinin farklı mekanik özellikler göstermesi sebebiyle CA Pro, GT Flex, Zendura Flex, Zendura, Taglus ve GT Pro plak materyallerinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmada 6 farklı şeffaf plak materyalinin (CA Pro, GT Flex, Zendura Flex, Zendura, Taglus, GT Pro) mekanik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla ilgili standartlara uygun olarak çekme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Çekme deneyi sonuçlarından materyellerin gerilme uzama eğrilerinin yanında elastisite modülü, çekme dayanımı ve kopma uzaması parametreleri elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar istastiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş ve materyallerin mekanik özellikleri yorumlanmıştır.Bulgular: Materyal türlerine göre elastisite modülü, çekme dayanımı ve kopma uzaması ölçümleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p=0,001; p<0,01). Yapılan ikili karşılaştırmalar değerlendirildiğinde en düşük elastisite modülü ve çekme dayanımı değerine Zendura Flex materyalinin sahip olmasının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre çok katmanlı yapıda olan Zendura Flex ve CA Pro materyalleri, en düşük elastisite modülü ve bu sonucu destekleyecek şekilde en düşük çekme dayanımı değerleri göstermiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları farklı şeffaf plak materyallerinin farklı mekanik özellikler gösterdiğini desteklemiştir. Şeffaf plak tedavisinin başarısını arttırmak amacıyla plak materyalleri mekanik özelliklerinin iyi bilinmesi ile uygun plak materyallerinin belirlenebileceği öngörülmüştür.

Due to the fact that retainers are often recommended for a lifetime, their endurance and longevity are directly related to the quality of the materials used in their production. Our study examined the water sorption, water solubility, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of six commercially available thermoplastic retainer materials (Essix Plus, Zendura, Duran Plus, Tru-Tain DX, Imprelon S pd, and Essix ACE). Moreover, this study evaluated the effect of thermoforming and thermocycling on the water sorption and solubility and surface molecular composition of the tested materials. The present study found that the type of retainer material affected water sorption and solubility capabilities. In addition, the aging methods employed significantly affected some retainer materials’ water sorption and solubility. Moreover, the surface molecular composition evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy revealed that most of the evaluated materials had similar FTIR spectra except for Zendura. All materials had a spectrum that resembled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) while Zendura had a spectrum similar to semi-rigid polyurethane (PU). Only Zendura had relatively unstable surface structural composition evaluated under the effects of (thermoforming and thermocycling) compared to all tested materials.

The use of metal-free thermoplastic materials plays a key role in the orthodontic digital workflow due to the increasing demand for clear aligner treatments. Three thermoplastic polymers commonly used to fabricate clear aligners, namely Duran®, Biolon® and Zendura®, were investigated to evaluate the effect of thermoforming (T.), storage in artificial saliva (S.A.S.) and their combination on their mechanical properties. Elastic modulus and yield stress of the specimens were characterized. Each material was characterized for each condition through tensile tests (ISO527-1). The results showed that thermoforming does not lead to a significant decrease in yield stress, except for Zendura® that showed about a 30% decrease. An increase of the elastic modulus of Duran® and Zendura®, instead, was observed after thermoforming. The same increase was noticed for the yield stress of Duran®. For S.A.S. specimens, the elastic modulus generally decreases compared to supplier condition (A.S.) and simply thermoformed material. A decrease of yield stress, instead, is significant for Zendura®. The results demonstrated that the impact of the operating conditions on the mechanical properties can vary according to the specific polymer. To design reliable and effective orthodontic treatments, the materials should be selected after their mechanical properties are characterized in the simulated intraoral environment.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different thermoplastic materials for clear aligners on human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: Four materials for clear aligners were considered in this study: Duran (Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany), Biolon (Dreve Dentamid GmbH, Unna, Germany), Zendura (Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, CA, USA), and SmartTrack (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). Three out of four materials (Duran, Biolon, Zendura) were assessed as thermoformed and nonthermoformed, whereas the SmartTrack was assessed only as thermoformed. The samples were placed at 37°C in airtight test tubes containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; 0.1 mg/mL) for 14 days. The cell viability of HGFs cultured with this medium was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by means of one-way and two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Each material exhibited a slight cytotoxic effect after 14 days. The highest cytotoxicity level on HGFs was achieved by Biolon (64.6% ± 3.3 of cell viability), followed by Zendura (74.4% ± 2.3 of cell viability), SmartTrack (78.8% ± 6.3 of cell viability), and finally Duran (84.6% ± 4 of cell viability), which was the least cytotoxic. In the comparison between nonthermoformed and thermoformed materials for Duran, Biolon, and Zendura, the thermoformed materials showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < .001). Conclusions: Under the experimental conditions of this study, all the materials for clear aligners presented a slight cytotoxicity. Biolon was the most cytotoxic and the thermoforming process increased the cytotoxicity of the materials.

Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Sepedi, isiXhosa and isiZulu
Protected areas in South Africa are often surrounded by impoverished communities. Biodiversity must be conserved while improving community wellbeing. An increased understanding of key influences on pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour is essential for the future of successful conservation and the creation of realistic solutions for poor communities. Knowledge gaps exist regarding intangible benefits and losses, as well as the relationship between benefits, losses and pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour. Furthermore, there are less qualitative studies in this field than quantitative, nor are there many that include the perspective of park staff. This research followed a novel comparative multiple-method qualitative approach, using contrasting case studies and borrowing from grounded theory. Three nature reserves were selected, each involving two constituencies – (i) the local community and (ii) protected area staff. Individual interviews, focus group interviews, mapping, and adapted nominal grouping technique were used to collect data. The data were first analysed question-by-question for each case study, followed by cross-case analysis which resulted in meta-themes for each research objective. In each case study, benefits and losses were ranked to indicate their level of importance. Key tangible benefits were employment, access to natural resources and support for schools. Intangible benefits drew less focus, but comprise key influences, such as visiting the park, environmental education, information dissemination, and involvement. These benefits emerged again as aspects that would drew less focus, but comprise key influences, such as visiting the park, environmental education, information dissemination, and involvement. These benefits emerged again as aspects that would improve future positivity if more of each could be provided. Key losses were lack of/limited access to the reserve as visitors, insufficient employment, fear of wild animals and lack of involvement/interaction. Findings indicate that communities have a range of responsibilities towards the reserve (some of which are self-imposed), and a strong sense of custodianship. Exclusion from responsibility led to negative attitudes. Good relationships resulted in fewer poaching incidents, although locals are hesitant to report subsistence poaching. Areas of non-alignment between the perceptions of both constituencies highlight areas for rectification, such as parks acknowledging the losses perceived by communities; knowing which benefits are most important to communities; and highlighting benefits not mentioned by communities. The meta-themes were used to construct a data-derived ‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’, which indicates how relationship is shaped by benefits, losses, detractors and facilitators; and includes solutions to increase positive attitudes. To drive practical application of the theory, recommendations for park managers and local communities are provided. Finally, this study was integrated with existing literature to develop the ‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’ – a comprehensive representation of the influences on people-park relationships – which has not been done before. The study makes methodological, theoretical and practical contributions. Its findings can facilitate people-park win-wins, aiding both biodiversity conservation and community wellbeing.
Mafelo ao a šireleditšwego ka Afrika Borwa gantši a dikaneditšwe ke ditšhaba tšeo di hlokago. Diphedi tšeo di fapafapanego di swanetše go babalelwa mola ka go le lengwe re kaonafatša go phela gabotse ga ditšhaba. Kwešišo ye e oketšegilego ya dilo tše bohlokwa tše di huetšago maikutlo ao a thekgago pabalelo ya diphedi le maitshwaro e bohlokwa go bokamoso bja pabalelo ye e atlegilego le go hloma ditharollo tše di kwagalago go ditšhaba tše di hlokago. Tlhokego ya tsebo e gona mabapi le dikholego le ditahlegelo tšeo di sa bonagalego, gammogo le kamano magareng ga dikholego, ditahlegelo le maikutlo ao a thekgago pabalelo ya diphedi le maitshwaro. Godimo ga fao, go na le dinyakišišo tše mmalwa ka ga boleng ka mo lefapheng le go fetwa ke dinyakišišo ka ga bontši, ebile ga go na le tše ntši tšeo di akaretšago maikutlo a bašomi ba ka dirapeng tša diphoofolo. Dinyakišišo tše di latetše mokgwa wa papetšo wa mekgwa ye mentši ya dinyakišišo ka ga boleng, ka go šomiša dinyakišišo tša seemo tšeo di thulanago le go adima go teori yeo e tlogago e theilwe ka mabaka. Mafelo a pabalelo ya diphedi a mararo a kgethilwe, le lengwe le le lengwe le akaretša bakgathatema ba babedi ka go lona – (i) setšhaba sa kgauswi le (ii) bašomi ba lefelo leo le šireleditšwego. Batho ka o tee ka o tee ba ile ba botšišwa dipotšišo, dihlopha tše di nepišitšwego le tšona di ile tša botšišwa dipotšišo, go hlaola, le mokgwa wo o fetošitšwego wa go hlopha ka maina di šomišitšwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo. Tshedimošo e thomile ka go sekasekwa go ya ka potšišo ye e botšišitšwego go dinyakišišo tša seemo, gwa latela tshekatsheko ya dinyakišišo tše di fapafapanego yeo e feleleditšego ka merero ye megolo go maikemišetšo a mangwe le a mangwe a dinyakišišo. Ka go dinyakišišo tše dingwe le tše dingwe tša seemo, dikholego le ditahlegelo di ile tša bewa ka maemo go laetša maemo a bohlokwa bja tšona. Dikholego tše bohlokwa tšeo di bonagalago di ile tša dirišwa, gwa ba le phihlelelo go methopo ya tlhago le thekgo ya dikolo. Dikholego tšeo di sa bonagalego di ile tša ba le šedi ye nnyane, eupša tša ba le dikhuetšo tše bohlokwa, tša go swana le go etela serapeng sa diphoofolo, thuto ya tikologo, go phatlalatša tshedimošo, le go kgatha tema. Dikholego tše di tšweletše gape bjalo ka dikokwane tšeo di tlago kaonafatša maikutlo a makaone a ka moso ge e le gore tše ntši tša tšona di tla abja. Ditahlegelo tše bohlokwa e bakilwe ke tlhokego ya phihlelelo/phihlelelo ye nnyane ya go tsena ka dirapeng tša diphoofolo ka baeti, tlhokego ya mešomo, go tšhaba diphoofolo tša lešoka le tlhokego ya go kgatha tema/tirišano. Dikutollo di laetša gore ditšhaba di na le maikarabelo a mehutahuta go dirapa tša diphoofolo (a mangwe maikarabelo ke a go ithaopa ga setšhaba), le maikutlo ao a tiilego a go di hlokomela. Go se akaretše ditšhaba go maikarabelo a go feleleditše ka maikutlo ao a sego a loka. Dikamano tše botse di feleleditše ka ditiragalo tše mmalwa tša go bolaya diphoofolo ke bao ba nyakago manaka a tšona, le ge e le gore badudi ba dikadika go bega go bolaya diphoofolo ke bao ba inyakelago nama ya tšona. Makala a go se sepelelane magareng ga maikutlo a bakgathatema ka bobedi a laetša fao go swanatšego go phošollwa gona, go swana le ge dirapa tša diphoofolo di dumela ditahlegelo tšeo di bonwago ke ditšhaba; di tseba gore ke dikholego dife tše di lego bohlokwa kudu go ditšhaba; le go laetša dikholego tše di sego tša bolelwa ke ditšhaba. Mereo ye megolo e ile ya šomišwa go hlama ‘Teori ya dikhuetšo ye e tšwago tshedimošong ka ga Maikutlo le Maitshwaro ao a Thekgago Pabalelo ya diphedi’, yeo e laetšago ka fao kamano e bopšago ke dikholego, ditahlegelo, disenyi le basepediši; ebile e akaretšago ditharollo tša go oketša maikutlo a makaone. Go tšwetša pele tirišo ye e phathagatšwago ya teori ye, balaodi ba dirapa tša diphoofolo le ditšhaba ba ile ba fiwa ditšhišinyo. Mafelelong, dinyakišišo tše di ile tša tsenywa ka gare ga dingwalwa tšeo di lego gona ka nepo ya go hlama ‘Melawanatheo ya Dirapa tša Diphoofolo tša go Thekgwa ke Batho tšeo di Holago Bohle’ – e lego kemedi ye e akaretšago bohle ka ga dikhuetšo tša dikamano tša dirapa tša diphoofolo tša go thekgwa ke batho – e lego seo se sego sa ka sa dirwa mo nakong ye e fetilego. Dinyakišišo tše tsenya letsogo ka ga mekgwa, teori le tirišo. Dikutollo tša tšona di ka nolofatša kholego ya bohle go dirapa tša diphoofolo tša go thekgwa ke batho, tša thuša bobedi pabalelo ya diphedi tšeo di fapafapanego le go phela gabotse ga setšhaba.
Imimandla ekhuselekileyo eMzantsi Afrika ikholisa ukungqongwa yimiphakathi ehluphekileyo. Indalo esingqongileyo kufuneka ilondolozwe lo gama kuphuculwa intlalontle yoluntu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwanda kokuqonda imiba enefuthe kwiindlela zokucinga nokuziphatha malunga nolondolozo lwendalo ukuze kubekho impumelelo ekulondolozeni indalo, kudaleke nezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwimiphakathi ehluphekileyo. Kukho izikhewu kulwazi olumalunga noncedo nelahleko, kwanolwalamano phakathi koncedo, ilahleko neendlela zokucinga nokuziphatha. Ngaphaya koko, zimbalwa izifundo ezingqiyame kakhulu kwingxoxo nengcaciso kunezifundo ezingqiyame kumanani, kwaye zimbalwa eziqwalasela izimvo zabasebenzi bamaziko ekugcinwa kuwo indalo. Olu phando lunesimbo esitsha esiqhutywa ngokuthelekisa iindlela zophando eziliqela, kusetyenziswa izifundo ezisekelwe kumava neengcingane/iithiyori ezaziwayo. Kukhethwe amaziko endalo amathathu apho kubandakanywe amacandelo amabini kwiziko ngalinye – (i) uluntu lwendawo kunye (ii) nabaqeshwa bommandla okhuselweyo. Ulwazi okanye idatha luqokelelwe ngezi ndlela zilandelayo: Kwaqhutywa udliwano ndlebe nabantu bengabanye, bengamaqela ekugxininiswe kuwo, kwalandeliswa ngokuthelekisa okuqikelelweyo nokwenzekileyo kunye nokudibanisa amaqela ukuze axukushe imiba ekuphandwa ngayo. Iinkcukacha zolwazi eziqokelelweyo zahlalutywa ngokuthi kuqwalaselwe iimpendulo zombuzo ngamnye kule yemizekelo yamava omntu ngamnye, kwalandeliswa ngokuthelekisa iimeko namava abantu ngabantu, nto leyo eyaveza imixholo ebanzi kwinjongo nganye yesifundo sophando. Kwisifundo samava ngasinye kwalandelelaniswa uncedo nelahleko ngokokubaluleka kwazo. Izinto eziluncedo ezaqwalaselwayo yaba yimpangelo, ukufikelela kwimithombo yendalo nenkxaso yezikolo. Uncedo olungabambekiyo zange luqwalaselwe ngokungamandla kodwa lunefuthe eliphambili njengokutyelela amaziko endalo, ukufundiswa ngokusingqongileyo, ukusasazwa kolwazi nokuthatha inxaxheba. Ezi ndidi zoncedo zaphinda zavela njengamanqanaba aya kuphucula ukuzijonga ngethemba izinto xa kunokwenziwa ukuba zibe khona. Ilahleko yaba kukunqongophala kwendlela yokufikelela kwiziko njengeendwendwe, ukunqaba kwamathuba empangelo, ukoyika izilo zasendle nokungabikho kwamathuba okuthatha inxaxheba. Okufunyanisiweyo kudiza ukuba uluntu lunoxanduva oluziindidi ezahlukeneyo kwiziko (olunye uxanduva bazinike ngokwabo), kwaye luzibona lungabagcini bendawo. Ukunganikwa uxanduva kwakhokelela ekucingeni gwenxa. Intsebenziswano yakhokelela ekuncipheni kweziganeko zokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, nangona abahlali bendawo bemathidala ukuxela abantu abazingelela ukuzondla. Iindawo zokuhlabana kwezimvo zamacala omabini zidulisa amanqanaba afanele ukulungiswa, njengokuba amaziko endalo ayiqonde imeko ebonwa njengelahleko luluntu lwendawo; aqonde nokuba zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo nezibonwa njengoncedo luluntu; acacise nezinto eziluncedo ezingabalulwanga luluntu lwendawo. Imixholo ebanzi (meta-themes) yasetyenziselwa ukuqweba ‘Ingcingane Yefuthe Elenzeka Kwiimbono Nokuziphatha’ (‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’), nebonakalisa ukuba izinto eziluncedo, ilahleko, iziphazamiso nabaququzeleli zilubumba njani ulwalamano. Kwakhona, le ngcingane iquka izisombululo zokwandisa iingcinga ezintle. Kunikwe iingcebiso kubaphathi beziko lendalo nakuluntu lwendawo ukuze kuphuhliswe iindlela ezibonakalayo zokusebenzisa le ngcingane. Okokugqibela, esi sifundo sixutywe noncwadi oselukho ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa ‘Isakhelo Sempumelelo Yentsebenziswano Kuluntu Namaziko Endalo’ (‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’) – lo ngumbhalo oveza ifuthe lentsebenziswano yoluntu namaziko endalo – nto leyo ingazange ibekho ngaphambili. Esi sifundo sifaka igxalaba ngobuchule, ngengcingane nangomsebenzi ophathekayo. Okufunyaniswe apha kunakho ukudala impumelelo kwintsebenziswano yokuntu namaziko endalo, sincede ulondolozo lwendalo nentlalontle yoluntu.
Izindawo ezivikelekile eNingizimu Afrika kaningi zihaqwe yimiphakathi entulayo. Izinto ezahlukahlukene eziphilayo kufanele zilondolozwe kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi sibe sesifafaza ivangeli lempilo ephephile emiphakathini. Ulwazi oluningi lwemithelela esemqoka emayelana nommoya kanye nemikhuba yokulondoloza kwemvelo kubalulekile kwikusasa lokwakha uhlelo olluyimpumelelo lokulondoloza kwemvelo kanye nokwakha amasu empilo yangempela okusiza imiphakathi edla imbuya ngothi. Kukhona ukwedlulana okumayelana nezinzuzo ezingabonakali ngamehlo kanye nokulahlekelwa, kanye nobudlelwano obuphakathi kwezinzuzo, kokulahlekelwa kanye nemmoya kanye nemikhuba ehlose ukulondoloza imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo ezincane zocwaningo olugxile kwizingxoxo kulo mkhakha, uma seziqhathaniswa nezifundo zocwaningo olugxile kumanani, kanti kunjalo-nje izifundo zocwaningo eziningi azixubi umqondo wabasebenzi. Lolu cwaningo luye lwalandela indlela embaxaningi yokuqhathanisa egxile kwizingxoxo, ngokusebenzisa izifundo zocwaningolotho eziphikisanayo futhi ziye zaqhubeka nokuboleka amasu kwimiqondo egxilile. . Kuye kwakhethwa iziqiwu zokulonda izilwane ezintathu, esinye nesinye isiqiwu sinezakhamuzi zendawo – (i) umphakathi oyizakhamuzi kanye (ii) nendawo evikelekile yabasebenzi. Kuye kwasetshenziswa izinhlelo zenhlolovo yomuntu ngamunye, ukumepha, kanye nezindlela zemibuzo eshicilelwe zemibono yamaqembu, konke lokhu kuye kwasetshenziswa ukuqoqa idatha. Okokuqala idatha iye yahlaziywa ngokwemibuzo ngamunye kolunye nolunye ucwaningolotho, okuye kwalandelwa yindlela yokuhlaziya eyaziwa phecelezi ngecross-case analysis okuyindlela edale ukuba kube nezindikimba ezibizwa ngemeta-themes zenhloso enye nenye yocwaningo. Kolunye nolunye ucwaningo, izinzuzo kanye nokulahlekelwa kuye kwabekwa ngokulandelana ukuze kuvezwe amazing okubaluleka. Izinzuzo ezisemqoka eziphathekayo kuye kwaba ukusebenza, ukwazi ukuthola imithombo yemvelo kanye nokuxhaswa kwezikole. Izinzuzo ezingaphathekiyo akugxilwanga kakhulu kuzo, kodwa nazo ziqukethe imithelela esemqoka, enjengokuvakashela izindawo zokungcebeleka, ukuhlinzekwa ngemfundo yezemvelo, ukusakazwa kolwazi kanye nokubandakanyeka. Lezi zinzuzo ziye zavela futhi njengezinto ezizothuthukisa ikusasa eliqhakazile uma ngabe konke lokhu kuyalandelwa. Ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kuye kwaba ukusweleka/ukufinyeleleka kancane kwezivakashi esiqiwini sezilwane, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi benani eliphansi, ukwesaba izilwane zasendle kanye nezinga lokusweleka kokubandakanyeka/nokungahlangani. Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi imiphakathi inezindima eziningi okufanele iziidlale kwiziqiwu ezilondoloza imvelo (ezinye izindima yilezo ezizibeke phezu kwamahlombe omphakathi) kanye nokuba nesasasa lokunakekela imvelo. Kanti ukungabandakanywa komphakathi kuye kwaholela ekutheni umphakathi ube nommoya ongemuhle kulezi ziqiwu. Ubudlelwano obuhle buye baholela ekutheni kube nenani eliphansi lezehlakalo zokubulawa kwezilwane, yize abantu bezindawo ezisondelene neziqiwu beba nokuthandabuza uma kufanele babike izehlakalo zokubulawa kwezilwane. Ukungasebenzisani phakathi kwezinhlanga ezimbili, izakhamuzi kanye namalungu eziqiwu zezilwane kuveza amaphutha okufanele alungiswe, anjengokuthi iziqiwu lezi zibe nolwazi ngokulahlekelwa komphakathi; zazi ukuthi ngiziphi izinzuzo ezibalulekile emphakathini; futhi ziveze izinzuzo ezingavezwanga wumphakathi. Izinhlaka phecelezi ezingama meta-themes zisetshenzisiwe ukwakha ithiyori esuselwe kwidatha, phecelezi ‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’, okuveza indlela ubudlelwano obakhiwa ngayo yizinzuzo, ukulahlekelwa, yizihibhe kanye nabancedisi; kanti lokhu kuxuba izixazululo eziqonde ukwengeza ummoya omuhle. Ukuze kusetshenziswe imiqondo ngendlela ebonakalayo , kuye kwalandelwa izincomo zabaphathi beziqiwi kanye nezakhamuzi eziseduze neziqiwu. Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo luye lwahlanganiswa nombhalo wobuciko obevele ukhona ukwakha phecelezi ‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’ – uhlelo olubanzi oluxuba zonke izinhlaka olunemithelela yemibono yezinhlelo zobudlelwano babantu kanye neziqiwu zezilwane – okuyinto engakaze yenziwe ngaphambilini. Ucwaningo luye lwaba negalelo kwindlela yokucwaningo (methodological), kwimiqondo kanye namagalelo abonakalayo. Okutholwe wucwaningo kunganceda ukuhlela uhlelo lapho kuzuza abantu kanye neziqiwu, lokhu kunganceda zombili izinhlaka ukulondolozwa ephilayo ehlukahlukene kanti futhi kungadala inhlalakahle emphakathini.
Environmental Sciences
Ph. D. (Environmental Management)

In this chapter, Rebecca Halliday examines fashion show live streams, produced by mainstream fashion brands, that invite consumers to purchase items online concurrently with the show. Unlike live streams at ready-to-wear fashion weeks that tend to reassert the social status of attendees and distance the online user, this chapter explores fashion show live streams, that exist for more explicit commercial purposes. Analysing Tommy Hilfinger’s collaborations with fashion celebrities Gigi Hadid (TommyxGigi) and Zendaya (TommyxZendaya), Halliday argues that, rather than relying on the more standard and close-cropped toe-to-head shots of individual models used to produce consumer desire, these fashion shows utilize more panoramic and aerial shots to create a more spectacular user viewing experience, drawing attention more to the mediatised event than the collection itself.

As I had ridden publicly in Zenda, and had talked there with Rupert Hentzau, of course all pretence of illness was at an end. I marked the effect on the garrison of Zenda: they ceased to be seen abroad; and any of my men...

‘I wonder when in the world you’re going to do anything, Rudolf?’ said my brother’s wife. ‘My dear Rose,’ I answered, laying down my egg-spoon, ‘why in the world should I do anything? My position is a comfortable one. I have an income nearly...

It was a maxim of my Uncle William’s that no man should pass through Paris without spending four-and-twenty hours there. My uncle spoke out of a ripe experience of the world, and I honoured his advice by putting up for a day and a...