Academic literature on the topic 'Zegna'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Zegna.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Zegna"
1
Tyler‐Cagni, Lynda, and Jan Hills. "HR leading by example during Zegna transformation." Strategic HR Review 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2007): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754390810847522.
Full text
2
Fajar, Muhammad, Setiawan, Nur Iriawan, and Eko Fajariyanto. "Functional Form of The Zenga Curve Based on Rohde’s Version of the Lorenz Curve." Jurnal Matematika MANTIK 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/mantik.2022.8.1.63-67.
Full textAbstract:
The Zenga curve is a tool to measure income inequality that represents the income ratio between the bottom income group and the top income group. A proper Zenga curve is a Zenga curve that can detect variations in the Ratio. In this paper, we derive the functional form of the Zenga curve from Rohde's Lorenz curve model. The result of this paper is that the functional form of the Zenga curve from Rohde's version of the Lorenz curve model is a constant. It cannot represent the truly happening phenomenon of inequality.
3
Trzcińska, Kamila. "Approximation of distribution of Poland’s population’s income according to Dagum and Zenga models." Przegląd Statystyczny 66, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 270–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0952.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the income of the population of Poland using the Dagum and the Zenga distributions. The Zenga distribution, introduced in 2010, is a new distribution which has not been yet applied to analysing wages and income in Poland. The paper presents both the Dagum and Zenga distributions, as well as the results of the approximations of wage distributions drawn from the 2014 household budget survey. The calculated degree of compliance of the theoretical distribution with the empirical one demonstrates that the Zenga distribution describes the distribution of the income of the Polish population more reliably than the Dagum distribution, which so far has been regarded as one of the best.
4
Krätzig, Wilfried B., Hermann Schmidt Schleicher, and Friedhelm Stangenberg. "Wolfgang Zerna verstorben." Stahlbau 75, no. 2 (February 2006): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stab.200690016.
Full text
5
Swart, Velushka, Bridget G. Crampton, John B. Ridenour, Burt H. Bluhm, Nicholas A. Olivier, J. J. Marion Meyer, and Dave K. Berger. "Complementation of CTB7 in the Maize Pathogen Cercospora zeina Overcomes the Lack of In Vitro Cercosporin Production." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 9 (September 2017): 710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0054-r.
Full textAbstract:
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the sibling species Cercospora zeina or Cercospora zeae-maydis, is cited as one of the most important diseases threatening global maize production. C. zeina fails to produce cercosporin in vitro and, in most cases, causes large coalescing lesions during maize infection, a symptom generally absent from cercosporin-deficient mutants in other Cercospora spp. Here, we describe the C. zeina cercosporin toxin biosynthetic (CTB) gene cluster. The oxidoreductase gene CTB7 contained several insertions and deletions as compared with the C. zeae-maydis ortholog. We set out to determine whether complementing the defective CTB7 gene with the full-length gene from C. zeae-maydis could confer in vitro cercosporin production. C. zeina transformants containing C. zeae-maydis CTB7 were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation and were evaluated for in vitro cercosporin production. When grown on nitrogen-limited medium in the light—conditions conducive to cercosporin production in other Cercospora spp.—one transformant accumulated a red pigment that was confirmed to be cercosporin by the KOH assay, thin-layer chromatography, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results indicated that C. zeina has a defective CTB7, but all other necessary machinery required for synthesizing cercosporin-like molecules and, thus, C. zeina may produce a structural variant of cercosporin during maize infection.
6
Green, Andrew. "Zena Stein." Lancet 399, no. 10326 (February 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00275-6.
Full text
7
Watt, F. M. "Zena Werb." Journal of Cell Science 117, no. 6 (February 22, 2004): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01031.
Full text
8
Suárez Heredia, Martha Azucena, Yery Mateo Morillo Reinoso, José Augusto Rosero, Gabriela Johana Haro Morales, and Marlon Agustín Ichau Espinoza. "EFICIENCIA DE ENCAPSULACION DE CAROTENOIDES EXTRAIDOS DE Capsicum annuum EN NANOPARTICULAS DE ZEINA." FIGEMPA: Investigación y Desarrollo 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29166/revfig.v1i1.1017.
Full textAbstract:
Se sintetizaron nanopartículas de zeína para encapsular carotenoides y determinar la eficiencia de la encapsulación en condiciones experimentales controladas. Se extrajeron cuantitativamente los carotenoides de muestras preacondicionadas de Capsicum annuum, mediante agitación en frío con cloroformo. Los carotenoides totales, expresados como concentración de β−caroteno se cuantificaron por mediciones espectrofotométricas, que se relacionaron con unidades ASTA de color. Las nanopartículas de zeína se sintetizaron por el método de coacervación y se las caracterizó mediante mediciones de tamaño de partícula, polidispersión y potencial Z. El colorante fue encapsulado durante el proceso de síntesis. Utilizando un diseño factorial completo 23 al 95% de confianza, se determinó que las condiciones en las que se maximiza el porcentaje de inclusión del colorante en las nanopartículas de zeína, hasta un 88,94% fueron: concentración de zeína del 2%, temperatura de 20°C y pH 8.
9
Gruber-Dorninger, Christiane, Manuela Killinger, Andreas Höbartner-Gußl, Roy Rosen, Barbara Doupovec, Markus Aleschko, Heidi Schwartz-Zimmermann, et al. "Enzymatic Degradation of Zearalenone in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs, Chickens, and Rainbow Trout." Toxins 15, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010048.
Full textAbstract:
The estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant of animal feed. Effective strategies for the inactivation of ZEN in feed are required. The ZEN-degrading enzyme zearalenone hydrolase ZenA (EC 3.1.1.-, commercial name ZENzyme®, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Getzersdorf, Austria) converts ZEN to hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), thereby enabling a strong reduction in estrogenicity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of ZenA added to feed to degrade ZEN in the gastrointestinal tract of three monogastric animal species, i.e., pigs, chickens, and rainbow trout. For each species, groups of animals received (i) feed contaminated with ZEN (chickens: 400 µg/kg, pigs: 200 µg/kg, rainbow trout: 2000 µg/kg), (ii) feed contaminated with ZEN and supplemented with ZenA, or (iii) uncontaminated feed. To investigate the fate of dietary ZEN in the gastrointestinal tract in the presence and absence of ZenA, concentrations of ZEN and ZEN metabolites were analyzed in digesta of chickens and rainbow trout and in feces of pigs. Upon ZenA administration, concentrations of ZEN were significantly decreased and concentrations of the degradation product HZEN were significantly increased in digesta/feces of each investigated animal species, indicating degradation of ZEN by ZenA in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, upon addition of ZenA to the diet, the concentration of the highly estrogenic ZEN metabolite α-ZEL was significantly reduced in feces of pigs. In conclusion, ZenA was effective in degrading ZEN to HZEN in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, pigs, and rainbow trout, and counteracted formation of α-ZEL in pigs. Therefore, ZenA could find application as a ZEN-degrading feed additive for these animal species.
10
Trzcińska, Kamila. "Analysis of Household Income in Poland Based on the Zenga Distribution and Selected Income Inequality Measure." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0025.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractResearch background: A lot of research has been directed at describing empirical distributions by using a theoretical model. In the literature there are proposals for various types of mathematical functions. In 2010 Zenga proposed a new three-parameter model for economic size distribution which possesses interesting statistical properties which can be used to model income, wealth and financial variables.Purpose: The aim of this paper is to apply the Zenga model to income distributions in Poland by voivodeship.Research methodology: The basis for the calculations presented in the paper has been based on the individual data coming from a random sample obtained within a Household Budget Survey conducted by the central Statistical Office in the year 2014. The parameters estimates of the Zenga distribution were obtained by means of the D’Addario’s invariants methods, mainly with the Pietra index.Results: The results of the conducted approximations, presented in the paper confirmed the good consistency of the Zenga distribution with the empirical income distribution in Poland, both in total and for households.Novelty: The study contributed to the application of a new three-parameter income distribution model to describe income distributions in Poland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zegna"
1
ZILIO, LUCA. "La montagna di Ermenegildo Zegna. Invenzione di un paesaggio dell’Italia moderna." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/302402.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi investiga la costruzione di un luogo, attraverso i tentativi portati avanti da un imprenditore nel campo laniero. Un paesaggio che racconta la trasformazione dell’esistente e che ritrova nel significato etimologico della parola “paese”, la capacità di abbracciare oggi tutto il reale, gli attori che lo abitano e le azioni che quotidianamente impongono le proprie trasformazioni.
La costruzione di un paesaggio. L’invenzione di una montagna. Questa tesi è una dissertazione che vuole indagare questo processo antropico (e molto poco naturale) che passa attraverso l’intervento di una serie di protagonisti, ma soprattutto attraverso la visione di un imprenditore: Ermenegildo Zegna.
Un’imprenditoria illuminata, la montagna (del biellese) sopra Trivero e una serie di progettisti che saranno in grado di restituire dignità e bellezza ad un luogo di produzione sono i protagonisti di questa vicenda italiana conosciuta come Azienda Ermenegildo Zegna, una vicenda particolare che mette in rapporto architettura, paesaggio e industria nell’Italia a cavallo tra gli anni Trenta e Sessanta.
Ma la vera protagonista di questa ricerca è la montagna, simbolo e palcoscenico della grande opera di ricucitura paesaggistica e sociale, capace di esaltare i caratteri identitari e il senso di appartenenza al luogo.
Le Prealpi Biellesi sono lo scenario in cui si costruisce un insediamento diffuso dove il progetto industriale dei fratelli Zegna assume carattere territoriale investendo tutto l’abitato di Trivero e le zone ad esso adiacenti, implicando uno sforzo progettuale e costruttivo che andava al di là della mera espansione e modernizzazione dell’apparato produttivo dei lanifici, toccando aspetti residenziali, ricreativi, assistenziali e paesaggistici dell’intera comunità.
La ricerca, attraverso l’analisi dei rapporti che Zegna instaura con affermati progettisti, si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare le differenti progettualità portate avanti da un imprenditore nella “costruzione” di una montagna. Nella relazione tra architetti, paesaggisti e tecnici, le idee dell’imprenditore laniero prendono forma depositandosi sul territorio prealpino di Trivero.
Le architetture e le opere analizzate, più che per la loro valenza architettonica, sono prese in considerazione per la relazione con gli spazi esterni, spazi privati che diverranno pubblici e di rappresentanza, ma anche per la loro capacità di raccontare gli immaginari dell’imprenditore di Trivero e per la loro attitudine a veicolare e modificare la relazione con il territorio.
Il percorso di ricerca è stato svolto attraverso la consultazione dei materiali presenti presso la Fondazione Zegna a Trivero, e con lo studio della documentazione presente nell’Archivio Pietro Porcinai a Fiesole (Firenze) con l’intento di indagare il percorso che sottende la costruzione di un luogo e la crescita di un’azienda.
Un progetto che non è un “fallimento”, dove al ruolo dell’architettura, che rimane impigliata più in una risposta meramente funzionale rispetto all’importanza della sua espressività, Zegna corrisponde un’attenzione tutta particolare alla progettazione architettonica su scala territoriale, in cui l’importanza del paesaggio assume una posizione sempre più determinante nella crescita dell’azienda stessa e del suo futuro sviluppo. Il progetto Zegna è un progetto vivo, continuo, il “potente” risultato di «attività umana, inattività umana e caso», è una “macchina”. “Macchina” non solo come tramite tra natura e uomo nella realizzazione di un filo, infiniti fili, una stoffa, ma in una visione più ampia, come concetto applicabile all’intero territorio di Trivero, come un organismo complesso e in continua evoluzione, una “macchina scenica” capace di rispondere alle esigenze imprenditoriali e al contempo di mutare lo spazio e la sua percezione.
2
TAMMARO, PASQUALE. "ACCORDI DI COESISTENZA TRA MARCHI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/465718.
Full textAbstract:
Gli accordi di coesistenza sono strumenti molto diffusi per la composizione di controversie attuali o potenziali. Presentano tuttavia ancora molti interrogativi irrisolti. Il lavoro analizza alcune tematiche chiave che hanno interessato o che tuttora interessano gli accordi di coesistenza, considerando in primo luogo il punto di vista dell’ordinamento italiano, facendo anche ricorso alla comparazione con l’esperienza e le soluzioni offerte dagli ordinamenti di altri paesi. Viene in primo luogo analizzato il tema della validità degli accordi di coesistenza: un tempo considerati nulli, sono stati successivamente riconosciuti validi sia dalla dottrina che dalla giurisprudenza, con prospettazioni poi assecondate anche dal legislatore. Viene inoltre analizzato il contenuto tipico degli accordi di coesistenza, con una rassegna delle principali obbligazioni (limitazioni merceologiche, spartizioni territoriali, modifiche all’aspetto grafico o denominativo del segno, etc.), e sono individuati i profili critici sui quali più frequentemente le parti possono trovarsi successivamente a discutere. È infatti noto l’adagio secondo cui gli accordi di coesistenza sarebbero i sistemi più diffusi per risolvere controversie attuali, rinviando la lite a controversie future. Il lavoro approfondisce inoltre il tema della rilevanza degli accordi di coesistenza rispetto ai terzi, e i problemi che possono scaturire dalla qualificazione giuridica degli accordi di coesistenza quali i contratti aventi efficacia meramente obbligatoria, e quindi vincolanti solo per le parti che lo hanno sottoscritto. Infine, viene esaminato l’atteggiamento dell’EUIPO e dell’UIBM rispetto agli accordi di coesistenza, nello specifico nell’ambito delle procedure di opposizione. Nell’ordinamento italiano il tema è ancora pressoché inesplorato, e risulta solo un caso portato all’attenzione dell’UIBM che ha avuto esiti opposti nei due gradi di giudizio davanti alla Divisione di Opposizione e alla Commissione Ricorsi.Trademark co-existence agreements are very popular tools to avoid/settle trademark disputes. However, many questions concerning these agreements remain unanswered. This thesis explores some of the most relevant issues from an Italian legal standpoint and the solutions offered by other countries. The thesis starts by analysing the issue of the validity of co-existence agreements (they were once considered void, were then accepted as valid by some courts and then finally also by the legislator). The thesis then analyses the typical content of co-existence agreements, with an overview of the main provisions (limitation to products and services, territorial divisions, modifications to the signs, etc.), with a focus on some wording that the parties may have further discussions on. Also examined is the relationship between co-existence agreements and third parties and the issues that can arise from the legal qualification of co-existence agreements as being binding only on the parties to it. The thesis closes with an analysis of the impact of co-existence agreements in opposition proceedings by examining the European and Italian trademark offices’ main caselaw.
3
Gaspar, Marilia. "Alterações em genes de zeina induzidas por variação somaclonal." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316924.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Laura Maria Mariscal OttoboniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T16:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspar_Marilia_M.pdf: 4489613 bytes, checksum: 2471d1f7e48cb634c492d35d12fb4fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: A linhagem de milho da raça Cateto, Cat100-6, foi utilizaçfa em cultura in vitro para a obtenção de plantas regeneradas a partir de callí tipo I. Um dos variantes somaclonais obtidos, S1587, foi autofecundado dando origem a difarentes progênies. Com base em características morfológicas da planta e das sementes, uma das progênies, S1587_17, foi selecionada para estudo de alterações nas proteínas de reserva, zeínas. Análise em IEF das zeínas revelou a presença de cinco bandas polimórhcas entre a linhagem Cat100-6 e o somaclone S1587-17. A análise posterior destas bandas em gel de 2-D mostrou que os genes de zeína alterados no somaclone pertencem à classe das zeínas de 19 e 22 kDa. A análise em IEF de extratos de zeína da população F2 {F1 (Cat100-6 x S1587 -17)@] agrupou os polipeptídeos alterados em dois clusters. A população F2 foi hibridizada com sondas de RFlP dos cromossomos 4 e 7 do milho - onde se localizam os principais clusters de zeína de 19 e 22 kDa - permitindo o mapeamento de 6 genes de zeína alterados, no braço curto do cromos somo 4. Outras oito progênies com alterações em sementes, denominadas 51, 52, 53, 54, 85, 56, 57 e 58, foram selecionadas com base na análise fenotípica das espigas. O perfil eletroforético das zeínas das diferentes progênies em 5DSPAGE mostrou um aumento significativo das zeínas de 14, 22 e 27 kDa, em duas das progênies analisadas, S1 e S7, quando comparadas com a linhagem original. A hibridização do DNA dos diversos somaclones com as sondas de zeína de 14 e 22 kDa revelou um perfil de restrição característico para as progênies S 1 e 57, diferenciando-as dos demais somaclones. Posterior análise da farinha do endosperma e do extrato de zeína, dos somaclones 81 e 57, revelou um aumento no conteúdo de vários aminoácidos, entre eles metionina, essencial nas dietas humana e animal. Experimentos de Northern blot mostraram um aumento significativo nos transcritos correspondentes ao gene de zeína de 14 kDa nas progênies 51 e 57, quando comparadas com a linhagem Cat100-6. Estes resultados permitem concluir que o aumento na proteína de 14 kDs, rica em metionina, nos somaclones 81 e 87, se deve a um aumento no nível de transcritos do gene de zeína de 14 kDa, podendo levar, a longo prazo, à descoberta de novos mecanismos reguladores da expressão deste gene
Abstract: Somaclonal variation was observed in plants regenerated from type I calli established from a maize inbred line Cat100-6. One of the variants, S1587. was self-polinated, giving rise to different progenies. Considering the plant and seeds morphological alterations, one of the progenies, 81587-17. was selected for further studies of seed storage proteins, zeins. IEF analysis of Cat100-6 and S1587-17 showed five polimorfic bands. Two-dimensional analysis of these bands indicated alterations in the zein classes of 19 and 22 kDa. Linkage analysis of altered zein polypeptides was performed by IEF of zein proteins extracted from F2 seeds [F1 (Cat100-6 x S1587-17)_]. Three altered polypeptides were grouped in one cluster, and two other polypeptides in a second cluster. After that, the altered genes were mapped by hibridizing the F2 population DNA with cromosome 4 and 7 RFLP probes. 8ix altered genes were mapped in the short arm of chromosome 4. Eight other somaclones, S1, S2. S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S8, were selected based on seeds morphological alterations. The zeins electrophoretic prOfile in 8D8-PAGE showed an enhancement of the 14, 16,22 and 27 kDa zeins in two of the progenies analized, S1 and S7. when compared with the original line, Cat1006. Soufhern b/of analysis using 14 and 22 kDa cDNA as probes differentiated two progenies, S 1 and S7, from the others somaclones. Amino acid analysis of Cat100-6, S1587-17, 81 and S7 reveald increased content of methionine, essential at human and animal nutrition, in the last two som aciones. Northern b/of experiments wer8 carried out with the same probes. Based on the levels of hybridization, it appears that the 14 kDa transcript levei in the S1 and S7 progenies is 2-fold higher than in Cat100-6 and S1587-17.These results indicate that the enhancement in methionine-rich 14 kDa zein is due to an enhancement in the mRNA levei of 14 kDa gene, in the somaclones S1 and S7. Understanding the regulation of this gene may result in novel approaches to increase nutritional value of maize seed.
Mestrado
Genetica de Plantas
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
4
Corradini, Elisângela. "Desenvolvimento de blendas de zeína e amido de milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-03092010-150253/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi a produção de blendas a partir de zeína e amido de milho, procurando unir de forma otimizada as propriedades dos polímeros e suas características de processabilidade e o entendimento da correlação estrutura-propriedades destas blendas. Misturas de amidolzeína foram preparadas nas proporções de 0/100, 10190, 20180, 30170, 50150, 80120 e 10010 massa/massa%, utilizando glicerol como plastificante nas proporções de 22, 30 e 40% em relação a massa total dos polímeros. As formulações foram processadas em um misturador interno, tipo Haake, conectado ao reômetro de torque a 160°C. As misturas obtidas foram moldadas por compressão a 160°C. As propriedades das blendas foram aliadas por ensaios de absorção de umidade, difração de raios X, ensaios mecânicos (tração), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TG), análise termo dinâmica-mecânica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia ótica. As blendas com 22% de glicerol foram avaliadas também quanto a biodegradabilidade, utilizando a técnica de biodegradação aeróbia. A adição da zeína facilitou o pmcessamento das misturas, conforme o observado durante o processamento no reômetro de torque. A presença da zeína não afeta a cristalinidade do amido nas blendas e não ocorre a formação de novas estruturas cristalinas devido a mistura. As blendas amidolzeína apresentaram menor estabilidade térmica que o amido termoplástico e zeína plastificada separadamente e a estabilidade térmica das blendas diminuiu com o aumento do teor de glicerol. As propriedades mecânicas das blendas foram dependentes do teor de zeína e de glicerol. A adição de zeína na lenda provocou aumento no módulo de elasticidade e na resistência a tração e diminuição da deformação , enquanto que o gliceml provocou diminuição em todas estas propriedades. As blendas apresentaram-se imiscíveis em todas as composições estudadas. A zeína plastificada mostrou biodegradação mais acentuada que o amido termoplástico e as blendas apresentaram biodegradação intermediária entre o amido e a zeína.In this work were investigated blends from zein, which is a com protein, with com starch. The objective of this work was optimizing the polymers properties and their processing characteristics and looking for a structure-properties correlation of these blends. The mixtures of pure polymers and starchlzein blends were prepared using glycerol as plasticizer in a batch mixer connected to a torque rheometer. The zein content varied from 20 to 80% and three levels of glycerol were used, 22, 30 and 40 % of total starch plus zein weight, on a dry basis. The mixtures obtained were molded by compression at 160 OC. The blends were characterized by water absorption experiments, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile test, dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy. Additionally the biodegradability of starchtzein blends were evaluated by aerobic test. The torque behavior of the starchtzein blends shows that zein acts as a processing agent, reducing the melt viscosity of the mixture and facilitating the plasticization of starch. No evidence of the zein affecting the type or amount of crystal structure of thermoplastic starch was observed. The zein proved to be effective to reduce the water absorption of the blends. Mechanical properties of blends depends on the glycerol and zein contents. Young\'s modulus and ultimate tensile strength increase sharply with increasing zein content, while that the glycerol caused reduction on these properties. The blends were immiscible and phase invesion was observed. The results of biodegradation aerobic showed that after 45 days the zeína unfastened greater COz mass than the starch. This indicates that the zein biodegradation occurs more easily than the starch. The blends presented intermediate biodegradtion between the starch and the zein.
5
Korsman, Jeanne Nicola. "Molecular responses of maize to its foliar pathogen, Cercospora zeina." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79263.
Full textAbstract:
The defence response of maize (Zea mays) to its foliar pathogen, Cercospora zeina, is not well
characterized at the molecular and genetic level. C. zeina causes grey leaf spot (GLS), and high
infection levels result in reduced crop yield. A molecular genetic study of the interaction between
maize and C. zeina required a method to quantify the fungus within infected leaves. A quantitative
PCR assay was developed for this purpose. It was based on amplification of a fungal cytochrome
P450 reductase (cpr1) gene fragment, which was normalized using an amplified maize glutathione
S-transferase III (gst) gene fragment. The assay was specific to C. zeina and a related species,
Cercospora zeae-maydis, not yet found in Africa. In addition, a melt curve analysis enabled
discrimination between these species. There was no amplification from a range of other maize
foliar pathogens. The fungal quantification assay was successfully tested on glasshouse grown
maize inoculated with C. zeina, and infected field grown maize. This assay can be implemented to
quantify C. zeina at early stages of infection due to its sensitivity, and in the field due to its
specificity. The fungal quantification assay was used to map GLS resistance QTL from a field trial
of a sub-tropical maize RIL population in KwaZulu-Natal. We hypothesized that QTL involved in
limiting C. zeina growth maize in leaves could be detected using in planta fungal quantity and
lesion area data from digital image analysis, and that they would correspond with GLS resistance
QTL previously mapped in the same population. Three QTL were mapped for in planta fungal
quantity and one for lesion area. The strongest effect QTL was located on chromosome six. It was
detected using both the fungal quantification assay and the lesion area data, and overlapped with a
GLS resistance QTL from the same population in the same environment. Thus QTL can be
successfully mapped from in planta fungal quantification and lesion area data and these QTL
correspond to GLS resistance QTL. The molecular response of maize to C. zeina was studied using
expression profiling of a pooled bulk of resistant RILs versus a pooled bulk of susceptible RILs
from the same population used for GLS QTL mapping. We aimed to find genes with differential
expression between the resistant and susceptible bulks during GLS field infection. Additionally, we
hypothesized that genes contributing to the QTL effect could be identified within QTL. Candidate
genes for the resistance response included an RPP13-like gene and an mlo gene. The genome
positions of the differentially expressed genes were compared to the genome positions of the QTL.
Candidate genes coinciding with QTL included a malectin containing RLK, an EDR1-like gene, a
GTPase gene, a cytochrome b561 gene, and a chorismate synthase gene. Comparison of gene
ontologies from all the genes differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible bulks
indicated that cell death was a likely strategy for resistance. The resistant response is probably an
early response, with a later and continuing response to biotic stress in the susceptible maize plants.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Plant Science
PhD
Unrestricted
6
Liversage, Johan. "Functional characterisation of the Cercospora zeina crp1 gene in pathogenesis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77335.
Full textAbstract:
Blue light and the perception thereof plays a fundamental role in the survival of all organisms
in changing environments. Cercospora zeina, is the causal agent of grey leaf spot (GLS) disease of
maize plants in Southern Africa. The disease is of great economic importance as annual yield losses
of up to 65% are experienced by South African farmers. The White Collar-1 protein (WC-1) has been
characterised in Neurospora crassa and found to entrain the fungal circadian clock and regulate
growth and development of the pathogen. In this study we set out to identify the
orthologue of the WC-1 protein in C. zeina, and determine to what level blue light plays a role in
the development of GLS in maize. The infection strategy followed by C. zeina is understudied at a
molecular level, and therefore in order to effectively control the disease in the field, we need to
understand the mechanisms used by the pathogen to infect and colonise
the host.
The orthologue of the WC-1 protein was identified in the draft genome sequence of C. zeina and
compared to WC-1 from other fungi. Blue light photoreceptors homologous to the WC-1 protein all
contain a modified PAS domain, light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain to which the FAD chromophore
binds to activate the protein. Phylogenetic relationships of WC-1 homologues from
three fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota) were inferred using a maximum
likelihood approach. The results indicated that the Basidiomycota WC-1 homologues underwent
independent evolution compared to the other two phyla. The orthologues of the other four
circadian clock proteins, WC-2, FRQ, FWD-1 and FRH were identified in the genome sequences
of C. zeina and C. zeae-maydis. Furthermore, a previously unidentified putative blue light
photoreceptor of the cryptochome family, CRY-DASH, was identified in C. zeina and C.
zeae-maydis that might also regulate blue light responses in the
pathogens.
We functionally characterised the CRP1 protein in C. zeina using a split marker
approach, which replaces the gene if interest with a hygromycin resistance gene (hygR). Putative
Δcrp1 knock-outs were generated and cultured on V8® media supplemented with hygromycin.
Putative knock-outs were screened for the presence of the complete hygromycin resistance gene
followed by verification that the hygR gene inserted into the correct genomic location.
Southern hybridisation using an internal hygR fragment revealed only a single copy of the inserted gene with no ectopic insertions. Although the genetic screens clearly showed that the endogenous crp1 gene was replaced by the hygR gene, expression of the gene was still detected in Δcrp1 knock-outs, although at reduced levels compared with the wild type C. zeina possibly due to the formation of a heterokaryon. The reduced expression of the crp1 gene in the knock-out lines still showed clear phenotypic differences compared to the wild type fungus. Phenotypic characterisation of the putative Δcrp1 knock-outs indicated that the crp1 gene plays a role in light dependent repression of conidia formation. The crp1 gene is also believed to play a role in the way melanin is deposited (i.e. to which cell layer the melanin granules are transported) and in the production of melanin in constant light. Furthermore, the potential level of pathogenesis of the Δcrp1 knock-outs was decreased based on the significant reduction in the formation of a hyphal network over the stomata used to infiltrate the host plant.
In conclusion, all the components of the fungal circadian clock are conserved within C. zeina. We successfully disrupted the C. zeina crp1 the homologue of WC-1, the limiting component of the circadian clock in fungi using a split marker approach. The crp1 gene was found, even at reduced expression levels, to play a role in light dependent spore production, secondary metabolism of melanin and the pathogenesis through reduced stomatal tropism.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Plant Science
MSc (Biotechnology)
Unrestricted
7
Maciel, Matheus Vinícius de Oliveira Brisola. "Obtenção e caracterização de micropartículas de zeína carregadas com timol." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129514.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T21:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 327389.pdf: 1410836 bytes, checksum: 2f478e152dedbd0ebb623493eab428bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
O timol, composto natural encontrado no óleo essencial do orégano e do tomilho, apresenta efeitos benéficos como atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana e é muito utilizado na indústria de alimentos. No entanto, seu uso pode ser limitado pela sua alta instabilidade a fatores ambientais como a temperatura, oxigênio, luz e umidade. A degradação do timol pode ser retardada pela microencapsulação, técnica em que o composto ativo é envolvido por uma matriz que protege e possibilita a liberação controlada. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar micropartículas de zeína carregadas com timol. As micropartículas foram obtidas pelo processo de atomização (spray-drying). A temperatura de secagem e a proporção de timol na amostra foram definidas através da metodologia de superficíe de resposta, onde as melhores condições selecionadas foram, 3,85% (g de timol/100g de zeína) e 130 °C de temperatura de secagem. Nessa condição uma eficiência de encapsulação de 49,5% foi atingida e as micropartículas obtiveram diâmetro médio de 14,3 µm de acordo com a análise por difração de feixe de laser. Em uma segunda etapa as micropartículas foram reticuladas utilizando os compostos 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC) e (1R,2R,6S)-2-Hidroxi-9-(hidroximetil)-3-oxabiciclo[4.3.0]nona-4,8 dieno-5-carboxilato de metila (genipin) e sua morfologia foi alterada, uma vez que seu formato esférico não foi encontrado após esse processo. A ligação promovida pela reticulação entre as cadeias da proteína diminuiu os sítios de ligação disponiveis, diminuindo a absorção de água em relação às não reticuladas. Isso foi evidenciado pela isoterma de sorção de água. As análises térmicas mostraram que a microencapsulação proporcionou proteção ao timol até uma temperatura acima da temperatura de degradação do composto puro. Os testes de liberação realizados mostraram que as micropartículas não reticuladas apresentaram uma liberação mais acentuada do timol chegando a 90% de liberação no primeiro dia. As micropartículas reticuladas mostraram liberação mais lenta classificada como não-fickiana, com maior resistência na taxa de relaxamento das cadeias proteicas reduzindo a liberação do timol.
Abstract : Thymol is a natural compound found in the essential oil of oregano and thyme, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It is highly used in the food industry. Its use may be, however, limited due to high unstableness to environmental factors such as temperature, oxygen, light and humidity. Thymol degradation may be delayed by microencapsulation by which the active compound is wrapped in a matrix that protects and makes possible controlled release. Current research produces and characterizes microparticles of thymol-bearing zein. Microparticles were obtained by spray-drying and drying temperature and thymol percentage in the sample were defined by response surface methodology in which the best conditions were 3.85% (g thymol/100g zein) and drying temperature at 130 °C, obtaining 49.5% encapsulation efficiency. Microparticles had an average diameter 14.3 µm following laser diffraction analysis. Microparticles were then recticulated by compounds 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and (1R,2R,6S)-2-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicycle[4.3.0]nona-4,8 dieno-5-carboxylate of methyl (genipin), with changed morphology since sphere shape was not possible after the process. Bond provided by reticulation between protein chains decreased available sites and reduced water absorption when compared with non-reticulated ones. Water sorption isotherm is evidence of the above. Thermal analyses showed that microencapsulation protected thymol up to a temperature above the degradation of the pure compound. Release tests also demonstrated that non-reticulated microcapsules had a greater thymol release, reaching 90% during the first day. Reticulated microparticles revealed a slower release, classified as non-Fickian release, with a greater resistance in relax rate of the protein chains, with a decrease in thymol release.
8
Ribeiro, Wanessa Ximenes. "Caracterizaçãode biofilme àbase de zeína e ácido oléico adicionado de nanocarbonato /." São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115792.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Francisco Lopes FilhoCoorientador: Carmen C. Tadini
Banca: Crislene Barbosa de Almeida
Banca: José Antônio Gomes Vieira
Resumo: A zeína é uma proteína do glúten do milho muito utilizada na produção de filmes plásticos flexíveis e transparentes. O desenvolvimento de embalagens biodegradáveis à base de zeína tem um grande potencial para a melhoria da qualidade e aumento da vida de prateleira de alimentos, além de permitir a adição de compostos ativos, agregando assim, maior valor tecnológico aos biofilmes de zeína, tornando-os capazes de melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos e sua conservação. Este trabalho propôs o uso de nanocarbonato no desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de zeína para identificar a estrutura básica e as propriedades dos biomateriais. Os filmes foram elaborados pela técnica casting tendo como formulação base zeína, glicerol, ácido oléico, etanol e água, e incorporados com três concentrações de nanocarbonato (1, 2 e 3 g / 100 g de proteína) a fim de estudar sua estrutura. Os filmes foram avaliados quanto as suas propriedades mecânicas (resistência máxima à tração e porcentagem de elongação na ruptura), fisico-químicas (umidade, solubilidade, atividade de água e espessura), microestutrutra (Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e Microscopia óptica (MO)), permeabilidade ao vapor de água, opacidade e cor. Os filmes apresentaram-se homogêneos, livre de partículas insolúveis, flexíveis e espessura uniforme. A adição do nanocarbonato resultou em materiais mais elásticos e flexíveis, com maior estabilidade e manutenção da cor e também mais claros, no entanto, apresentaram-se mais hidrofílicos quando comparados ao filme padrão. Na análise da estrutura verificou-se uma dispersão aleatória das nanopartículas na matriz polimérica indicando que não houve intercalação destas com a matriz. Verificou-se também um aumento no tamanho de agregados de lipídeos quando aumentou-se a concentração de nanocarbonato
Abstract: Zein is a corn gluten protein that is widely used in the production of flexible and transparent plastic films. The development of biodegradable packaging based on Zein has great potential to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of a fruit product, as well as permit the addition of active compounds, this will add greater value to Zein-based biofilms, making them able to improve food quality and conservation. The purpose of this work is to produce Zein biofilms added with nanocarbonate (1%, 2% e 3%) to identify the basic structure and properties of the biomaterials. These films, made by employing a technique known as casting, consist of a basic formulation of Zein, glycerol, oleic acid, ethanol and water, combined with three concentrations of nanocarbonate (1, 2 e 3 g / 100 g of protein) to study their structure. These materials were assessed according to their mechanical properties (tensile strength at break and elongation at break percentage), physical and chemical properties (humidity, solubility, water activity and thickness), microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (MO)), water vapor permeability, opacity and color change. The films were homogenous, free of insoluble particles, flexible and uniform thickness. The addition of nanocarbonate resulted in more elastic and flexible material, more stability and maintenance of color and also lighter, however, were more hydrophilic compared with the standard film. The analysis of the structure there is a random dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix indicating no collation with the matrix. There was also an increase in size of the lipid when the concentration of nanocarbonate increased
Mestre
9
Santos, Talita Macedo dos. "Melhoria de propriedades físicas de filmes e revestimentos comestíveis de zeína." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/23230.
Full textAbstract:
SANTOS, T. M. Melhoria de propriedades físicas de filmes e revestimentos comestíveis de zeína. 2016. 121 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Química)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Hohana Sanders (hohanasanders@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-12T16:51:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_tmsantos.pdf: 4694955 bytes, checksum: 659bf20ef154a2dd2c84e912f141632a (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-06-12T17:10:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_tmsantos.pdf: 4694955 bytes, checksum: 659bf20ef154a2dd2c84e912f141632a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T17:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_tmsantos.pdf: 4694955 bytes, checksum: 659bf20ef154a2dd2c84e912f141632a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12
The production of biodegradable materials has been increasingly studied and encouraged, due to the increased awareness about environmental risks caused by the extensive disposal of petroleum-derived plastics, especially those used in food packaging. Zein, a protein obtained from corn gluten, is characterized by a lower hydrophilicity than other proteins, which implies a higher resistance to humidity. The general objective of this work was to study different modifications and a combination of different technologies on a zein matrix in order to obtain films with potential of use for food packaging or coating, contributing to increase of food shelf life. For preliminary tests, the solvents ethanol (from 70 to 95%) with and without acetic acid 5% and the plasticizers glycerol and oleic acid (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 0:1, total of 20%) were tested, and physical (solubility, WVP, contact angle, mechanical properties) and morphological properties (OM, SEM) were evaluated. Ethanol 80% without acetic acid was chosen as the solvent, and a ratio of 2:1 (13.3% and 6.7% of zein mass, respectively) of glycerol and oleic acid was defined for the plasticizers. In the crosslinking study with non-oxidized or oxidized tannic acid, crosslinker concentration (from 0 to 8%) and dispersion pH (from 4 to 9) were varied and film properties were analyzed. The results showed that higher amounts of tannic acid and pH values resulted in films with better general properties, notably lower water solubility and better mechanical properties. Oxidized tannic acid provided a more expressive improvement in tensile strength, water vapor permeability and water solubility. 4% tannic acid and pH 9 were chosen as the best conditions for crosslinking. In the study of the treatment with UV-ozone (UVO) for functionalization with nisin, films were evaluated after UVO treatment at different times and then after immersion in nisin (FTIR, XPS, MEV, AFM and inhibition zone test). It was shown that UVO treatment is effective for the formation of negative charges on the film surface, with increased hydrophilicity, maintaining mechanical and structural properties. It was verified by the XPS technique that nisin was adsorbed on the surface of the films, especially after previous treatment of UVO for 120 s, indicating that the combination between UVO and immersion in nisin is viable for functionalization of zein films with nisin. However, further studies are needed to verify the antimicrobial activity of these films after surface adsorption of nisin. In the guava coating study, fruits coated with zein (Z) and zein crosslinked with tannic acid (CZ) were submitted to survival analysis, physical analyzes (mass loss, color, firmness), respiration rate (CO2) and ethylene production, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, chlorophyll, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The coatings showed to be effective in delaying the ripening of guavas, with delay of fruit color change, decrease of respiratory rate and ethylene production, maintenance of firmness, soluble solids, chlorophyll and H2O2 content, with more expressive effect of the crosslinked coating. The results indicated that the zein coatings increased the shelf life of guavas, especially the ZR coating.
A produção de materiais biodegradáveis tem sido cada vez mais estudada e incentivada, devido à maior conscientização quanto aos riscos ambientais causados pelo extenso descarte de plásticos oriundos de petróleo, com destaque para os usados em embalagens de alimentos, já que estes possuem curta vida útil. A zeína, proteína obtida do glúten do milho, destaca-se por ter menor hidrofilicidade que outras proteínas, o que implica em maior resistência à umidade. Este trabalho tem o objetivo geral de estudar diferentes modificações e a combinação de diferentes tecnologias a partir da matriz polimérica de zeína visando obter filmes com potencial de utilização para embalagem ou revestimento de alimentos, contribuindo para o aumento de sua vida útil. Para os testes preliminares foram testados os solventes etanol (de 70 a 95%) com e sem ácido acético 5% e os plastificantes glicerol e ácido oleico (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 e 0:1, no total de 20%), e foram avaliadas propriedades físicas (solubilidade, PVA, ângulo de contato, propriedades mecânicas) e morfológicas (MO, MEV). O etanol 80% sem ácido acético foi escolhido como solvente, e a proporção 2:1 (13,3% e 6,7% da massa de zeína, respectivamente) de glicerol e ácido oleico foi definida para os plastificantes. Em estudo de reticulação com ácido tânico não-oxidado ou oxidado, foram variados a concentração de reticulante (de 0 a 8%) e o pH da dispersão (de 4 a 9) e analisadas propriedades físicas, ópticas (cor, opacidade), químicas (FTIR) e térmicas (TGA, DSC). Os resultados mostraram que maiores quantidades de ácido tânico e valores de pH resultaram em filmes com melhores propriedades de forma geral, notadamente menor solubilidade em água e melhores propriedades mecânicas. O ácido tânico oxidado proporcionou melhoria mais expressiva nas propriedades de resistência à tração, permeabilidade a vapor de água e solubilidade em água. O uso de 4% de ácido tânico e pH 9 foi escolhido como melhor tratamento para reticulação. Em estudo do tratamento com UV-ozônio (UVO) para posterior funcionalização com nisina, foram avaliados filmes após tratamento com UVO em diferentes tempos e após imersão em nisina (FTIR, XPS, MEV, AFM e teste do halo de inibição). Mostrou-se que o tratamento com UVO é efetivo para a formação de cargas negativas na superfície do filme, com aumento de hidrofilicidade, mantendo as propriedades mecânicas e estruturais. Foi verificado pela técnica de XPS que a nisina foi adsorvida na superfície dos filmes, especialmente após tratamento prévio de UVO por 120 s, indicando que a combinação entre UVO e imersão em nisina é viável para funcionalização de filmes de zeína com nisina; porém, são necessários mais estudos para verificar a atividade antimicrobiana desses filmes após a adsorção de nisina na superfície. Em estudo de revestimento de goiabas, frutos revestidos com zeína (Z) e zeína reticulada com ácido tânico (ZR) foram submetidos a análise de sobrevivência, análises físicas (perda de massa, cor, firmeza), taxa de respiração (CO2) e produção de etileno, pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, vitamina C, clorofila, carotenoides, teor de peroxido de hidrogênio, peroxidação lipídica, e enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT). Os revestimentos se mostraram efetivos em retardar o amadurecimento de goiabas, com retardo da mudança de cor dos frutos, diminuição de taxa respiratória e produção de etileno, manutenção da firmeza, de sólidos solúveis, clorofila e teor de H2O2, com efeito mais expressivo do revestimento ZR. Os resultados indicam que os revestimentos de zeína avaliados possibilitaram aumento de vida útil dos frutos, especialmente o revestimento ZR.
10
Ribeiro, Wanessa Ximenes [UNESP]. "Caracterizaçãode biofilme à base de zeína e ácido oléico adicionado de nanocarbonato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115792.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2014-09-02Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000807859.pdf: 889536 bytes, checksum: 75dcb268ecfd71c353fa79034285d48d (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A zeína é uma proteína do glúten do milho muito utilizada na produção de filmes plásticos flexíveis e transparentes. O desenvolvimento de embalagens biodegradáveis à base de zeína tem um grande potencial para a melhoria da qualidade e aumento da vida de prateleira de alimentos, além de permitir a adição de compostos ativos, agregando assim, maior valor tecnológico aos biofilmes de zeína, tornando-os capazes de melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos e sua conservação. Este trabalho propôs o uso de nanocarbonato no desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de zeína para identificar a estrutura básica e as propriedades dos biomateriais. Os filmes foram elaborados pela técnica casting tendo como formulação base zeína, glicerol, ácido oléico, etanol e água, e incorporados com três concentrações de nanocarbonato (1, 2 e 3 g / 100 g de proteína) a fim de estudar sua estrutura. Os filmes foram avaliados quanto as suas propriedades mecânicas (resistência máxima à tração e porcentagem de elongação na ruptura), fisico-químicas (umidade, solubilidade, atividade de água e espessura), microestutrutra (Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e Microscopia óptica (MO)), permeabilidade ao vapor de água, opacidade e cor. Os filmes apresentaram-se homogêneos, livre de partículas insolúveis, flexíveis e espessura uniforme. A adição do nanocarbonato resultou em materiais mais elásticos e flexíveis, com maior estabilidade e manutenção da cor e também mais claros, no entanto, apresentaram-se mais hidrofílicos quando comparados ao filme padrão. Na análise da estrutura verificou-se uma dispersão aleatória das nanopartículas na matriz polimérica indicando que não houve intercalação destas com a matriz. Verificou-se também um aumento no tamanho de agregados de lipídeos quando aumentou-se a concentração de nanocarbonato
Zein is a corn gluten protein that is widely used in the production of flexible and transparent plastic films. The development of biodegradable packaging based on Zein has great potential to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of a fruit product, as well as permit the addition of active compounds, this will add greater value to Zein-based biofilms, making them able to improve food quality and conservation. The purpose of this work is to produce Zein biofilms added with nanocarbonate (1%, 2% e 3%) to identify the basic structure and properties of the biomaterials. These films, made by employing a technique known as casting, consist of a basic formulation of Zein, glycerol, oleic acid, ethanol and water, combined with three concentrations of nanocarbonate (1, 2 e 3 g / 100 g of protein) to study their structure. These materials were assessed according to their mechanical properties (tensile strength at break and elongation at break percentage), physical and chemical properties (humidity, solubility, water activity and thickness), microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (MO)), water vapor permeability, opacity and color change. The films were homogenous, free of insoluble particles, flexible and uniform thickness. The addition of nanocarbonate resulted in more elastic and flexible material, more stability and maintenance of color and also lighter, however, were more hydrophilic compared with the standard film. The analysis of the structure there is a random dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix indicating no collation with the matrix. There was also an increase in size of the lipid when the concentration of nanocarbonate increased
Books on the topic "Zegna"
1
1910-1986, Porcinai Pietro, and Fondazione Zegna, eds. Pietro Porcinai a Trivero: Giardini e paesaggio tra pubblico e privato. Venezia: Marsilio, 2016.
Find full text
2
Ermenegildo Zegna: An enduring passion for fabrics,innovation, quality and style. Milan: Skira, 2010.
Find full text
3
Buss, Chiara. Il disegno a meandro nelle sete broccate, 1745-1775: Mostra di tessuti antichi dalla collezione Ermenegildo Zegna. Milano: E. Zegna, 1990.
Find full text
4
Bozan, Mezher. Zêna. Vezneciler, İstanbul: Nûbihar, 2007.
Find full text
5
Cissé, Aïssatou. Zeyna. Saint-Louis [Sénégal]: Xamal, 2002.
Find full text
6
Elizabeth, Cooke. Zeena. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
Find full text
7
Uminski, Z. Zegnaj, Scypio. Rzeszow: Krajowa Agencia Wydawnicza, 1987.
Find full text
8
Gamzatovich, Gamzatov Rasul, and Redʹko T, eds. Zerna mudrosti. Moskva: "Khudozh. lit-ra", 1987.
Find full text
9
Dudin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich. Zerna: Poėmy. [Leningrad]: Sov. pisatelʹ, Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1987.
Find full text
10
Ikegami, Bunsen. Zenga hyakutan. Tōkyō: Kabushiki Kaisha Kokusho Kankōkai, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Zegna"
1
Cedrola, Elena, and Ksenia Silchenko. "Ermenegildo Zegna: When Family Values Guide Global Expansion in the Luxury Industry." In Fashion Brand Internationalization, 31–64. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52337-2_2.
Full text
2
Altenbach, Holm, and Otto T. Bruhns. "Zerna, Wolfgang." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_121-1.
Full text
3
Altenbach, Holm, and Otto T. Bruhns. "Zerna, Wolfgang." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 2791–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_121.
Full text
4
Khan, Khatija Bibi. "Representations of North African Women and African Islamic Religion in El Saadawi’s Zeina." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_60-1.
Full text
5
Khan, Khatija Bibi. "Representations of North African Women and African Islamic Religion in El Saadawi’s Zeina." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 2133–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_60.
Full text
6
Arora, Sangeeta, Kalpana K. Mahajan, and Prerna Godura. "Bayesian Estimation of Bonferroni Curve and Zenga Curve in the Case of Dagum Distribution." In Recent Advances in Time Series Forecasting, 51–77. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003102281-4.
Full text
7
"Zegna:." In Winning in China, 115–28. Wharton School Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2hdrg06.12.
Full text
8
"Chapter 9 Zegna: When Brand Is King." In Winning in China, 115–28. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781613631072-010.
Full text
9
Micklethwait, Christopher. "7. Zenga Zenga and Bunga Bunga:." In The Edinburgh Companion to the Arab Novel in English, 171–94. Edinburgh University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780748685554-010.
Full text
10
WOERLY, Donatienne, and Zeina ABIRACHED. "Dessiner entre les langues, raconter entre les arts." In Ecrire entre les langues, 15–32. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6438.
Full textAbstract:
L’entretien porte sur la place du plurilinguisme dans l’œuvre de la dessinatrice de bande dessinée franco-libanaise Zeina Abirached, qui évoque à travers le commentaire de plusieurs planches, son parcours plurilingue entre l’arabe et le français et la place de l’arabe dans son dessin. L’entretien met en avant les modes de représentation du plurilinguisme dans ses romans graphiques, à travers l’usage de métaphores visuelles, le travail sur le noir et blanc, le travail sur la musicalité et le rythme, la temporalité des récits. À travers l’image du tissage, l’œuvre de Zeina Abirached cherche à rassembler les éléments épars de l’identité plurilingue, pour en dépasser la déchirure.
Conference papers on the topic "Zegna"
1
Chepak-Gizbrekht, M. V. "MODELIROVANIE ZERNOGRANIChNOJ DIFFUZIJa S UChETOM FORMY ZERNA." In International Workshop "Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems" ; Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija "Perspektivnye materialy s ierarhicheskoj strukturoj dlja novyh tehnologij i nadezhnyh konstrukcij" ; VIII Vserossijskaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennaja 50-letiju osnovanija Instituta himii nefti "Dobycha, podgotovka, transport nefti i gaza". Tomsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946218412/212.
Full text
2
Ana Clara Barbeta Vicente, Elisângela Corradini, and Sandro Junior Vessoni Torres. "Fibras de Zeína com Poli(n-isopropilacrilamida) (PNIPAAm)." In XX Seminário de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica da UTFPR. Curitiba, PR, Brasil: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/sicite2015-0325.
Full text
3
"VLIYaNIE TEMPERATURY OBRABOTKI NA SREDNIY RAZMER ZERNA UMZ-TITANA." In Fizicheskaya mezomekhanika. Materialy s mnogourovnevoy ierarkhicheski organizovannoy strukturoy i intellektual'nye proizvodstvennye tekhnologii. Tomsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946219242/14.
Full text
4
Postnikov, Pavel Afanasevich, Vera Viktorovna Popova, and Elena Leonidovna Tikhanskaia. "Urozhainost' i sravnitel'naia otsenka kachestva zerna zernofurazhnykh kul'tur v zernoparosideral'nom sevooborote." In International scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-32848.
Full text
5
Pai, Olga Alekseevna, Mariia Nikolaevna Fomina, and Iuliia Semenovna Ivanova. "Tekhnologicheskaia otsenka zerna kollektsionnykh obraztsov iarovogo ovsa v usloviiakh Severnogo Zaural'ia." In International scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-33142.
Full text
6
Ingrid Santana Araújo Costa, Raíssa, Jideane Menezes Santos, Glenda Barros Matos, Thaís Sader de Melo, Paula Tais Maia Santos, and Patrícia Beltrão Lessa Constant. "PÃO SEM GLÚTEN ELABORADO COM FARINHA DE ARROZ E ADICIONADO DE ZEÍNA." In CBCP - Congresso On-line Brasileiro de Tecnologia de Cereais e Panificação. ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/cbcp2020.277666.
Full text
7
"VLIYaNIE SDVIGOVYKh DEFORMATsIY NA RAZMER ZERNA V SINTEZIROVANNOM POD DAVLENIEM INTERMETALLIChESKOM SOEDINENII Ni 3Al." In Fizicheskaya mezomekhanika. Materialy s mnogourovnevoy ierarkhicheski organizovannoy strukturoy i intellektual'nye proizvodstvennye tekhnologii. Tomsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946219242/162.
Full text
8
Berger, Dave. "Maize lectin receptor-like kinase: a putative vel immune receptor against the fungus Cercospora zeina." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053017.
Full text
9
Moskvina, V., and et al. "VLIJaNIE IONNO-PLAZMENNOJ OBRABOTKI NA MIKROMEHANIChESKIE HARAKTERISTIKI KOMPOZICIONNYH SLOEV AUSTENITNOJ NERZhAVEJuShhEJ STALI S RAZNYM RAZMEROM ZERNA." In International Workshop "Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems" ; Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija "Perspektivnye materialy s ierarhicheskoj strukturoj dlja novyh tehnologij i nadezhnyh konstrukcij" ; VIII Vserossijskaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennaja 50-letiju osnovanija Instituta himii nefti "Dobycha, podgotovka, transport nefti i gaza". Tomsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946218412/67.
Full text
10
FERREIRA, NATÁLIA CHINELLATO DE AZAMBUJA, CAROLINA SIQUEIRA FRANCO PICONE, and VITÓRIA CARAMATTI. "EMULSÕES PICKERING ESTABILIZADAS POR ZEÍNA E QUITOSANA: EFEITO DO TIPO DE ÓLEO ESSENCIAL E CONCENTRAÇÃO PROTEICA VEGETAL." In ANAIS DO XL CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS PARTICULADOS. Uberlândia - MG, BR: Galoa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/enemp-2022-159126.
Full textReports on the topic "Zegna"
1
Suo-Anttila, Ahti Jorma. Dynamic reactor modeling with applications to SPR and ZEDNA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177062.
Full text
2
Smith, David Lewis, Terence John Heames, Edward J. ,. Jr Parma, Curtis D. Peters, and Ahti Jorma Suo-Anttila. Operational aspects of an externally driven neutron multiplier assembly concept using a Z-pinch 14-MeV Neutron Source (ZEDNA). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934863.
Full text