Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zebrafish model system'
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1
Kishida, Marcia Gruppi. "Investigating non-canonical vertebral development in the zebrafish model system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276830.
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A segmented vertebral column is one of the major innovations vertebrates. In mice and chicks – amniotes – a subpopulation of the somites, the sclerotome, is sole source of vertebral tissue. It is unclear, however, how applicable this amniote-based ‘canonical’ mechanism is across the vertebrates. In fact, the vast majority and diversity of vertebrates are not amniotes, but are members of ‘fish’ groups where there has been relatively little investigation into vertebral development. Indeed, there is great diversity in vertebra form throughout ‘fish’ groups and fossil evidence suggests that the components of the vertebra, the neural arches and the vertebral bodies, arose separately and that vertebrates have evolved multiple ways of building vertebral bodies. In teleosts fish, the vertebral bodies initially form as mineralised rings within the notochord sheath (chordacentra) and then secondarily, bone is deposited around this (perichordal centra and arches). Notochord cells (chordoblasts) have been implicated in chordacentrum mineralisation and patterning in zebrafish and Atlantic salmon, though the question of how the overtly unsegmented notochord could direct segmental mineralisation still remains. My project first aims to address this dual mechanism in the zebrafish model, by testing whether the chordoblasts can mineralise and pattern the chordacentra. The second aim is to elucidate the role of the sclerotome in teleost vertebral development. To do this, I explored CRISPR knock-in tools to label the sclerotome and used a Gal4 gene trap line to investigate sclerotome ablation. I characterised the chordacentra and chordoblasts in our model system and verified the specificity of a promoter as a chordoblast marker. With this promoter, I established a method to target the chordoblasts for KillerRed-induced phototoxicity. I demonstrated that intact chordoblasts are necessary for chordacentrum formation, but that vertebral arches are unaffected. Fused perichordal centra are still able to form, but the underlying sheath has a very different structure. This supports the ‘duality’ hypothesis that in teleosts the role of the sclerotome in vertebra formation is limited to the arches and perichordal centra, whereas the chordoblasts are responsible for the chordacentra.
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Bukrinsky, Alexander. "Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system for human leukemia and hematopoiesis." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666396561&sid=20&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Iyengar, Sharanya. "Insights into Melanocyte Regeneration and Melanoma Initiation Using the Zebrafish Model System: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/796.
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During regeneration, cells must coordinate proliferation and differentiation to rebuild tissues that are lost. Understanding how source cells execute the regeneration process has been a longstanding goal in regenerative biology with implications in wound healing and cell replacement therapies. Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells in the skin of vertebrates that can be lost during hair graying, injury and disease-related depigmentation. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, and it is hypothesized that melanoma cells have properties that are similar to melanocyte stem cells.
To gain insight into melanocyte regeneration we set out to identify the source of regeneration melanocytes in adult zebrafish and the path through which progenitor cells reconstitute the pigment pattern. Using targeted cell ablation and single cell lineage-tracing analyses we identified that a majority of regeneration melanocytes arise through direct differentiation of mitfa-expressing progenitor cells. Concurrently, other mitfa-expressing cells divide symmetrically to generate additional mitfa-positive progenitors, thus maintaining regeneration capability. Using reporter assays and drug studies, we found that Wnt signaling gets turned on in progenitor cells during regeneration and Wnt inhibition after melanocyte ablation blocks regeneration. Based on our finding that Wnt signaling is active in differentiated melanocytes but not in the progenitor cells, we explored the role of Wnt signaling in tumor initiation. We found that approximately half of the melanomas are Wnt silent, and overexpression of dkk1b, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, accelerates melanoma onset.
This work defines an unappreciated contribution by direct differentiation in melanocyte regeneration and suggests a broader role for this process in the maintenance of epithelial sheets. This study also identifies a shared pathway between melanocyte progenitors and melanoma cells, which could be applicable to other cancers.
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Iyengar, Sharanya. "Insights into Melanocyte Regeneration and Melanoma Initiation Using the Zebrafish Model System: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/796.
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During regeneration, cells must coordinate proliferation and differentiation to rebuild tissues that are lost. Understanding how source cells execute the regeneration process has been a longstanding goal in regenerative biology with implications in wound healing and cell replacement therapies. Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells in the skin of vertebrates that can be lost during hair graying, injury and disease-related depigmentation. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, and it is hypothesized that melanoma cells have properties that are similar to melanocyte stem cells.
To gain insight into melanocyte regeneration we set out to identify the source of regeneration melanocytes in adult zebrafish and the path through which progenitor cells reconstitute the pigment pattern. Using targeted cell ablation and single cell lineage-tracing analyses we identified that a majority of regeneration melanocytes arise through direct differentiation of mitfa-expressing progenitor cells. Concurrently, other mitfa-expressing cells divide symmetrically to generate additional mitfa-positive progenitors, thus maintaining regeneration capability. Using reporter assays and drug studies, we found that Wnt signaling gets turned on in progenitor cells during regeneration and Wnt inhibition after melanocyte ablation blocks regeneration. Based on our finding that Wnt signaling is active in differentiated melanocytes but not in the progenitor cells, we explored the role of Wnt signaling in tumor initiation. We found that approximately half of the melanomas are Wnt silent, and overexpression of dkk1b, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, accelerates melanoma onset.
This work defines an unappreciated contribution by direct differentiation in melanocyte regeneration and suggests a broader role for this process in the maintenance of epithelial sheets. This study also identifies a shared pathway between melanocyte progenitors and melanoma cells, which could be applicable to other cancers.
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Wu, Yuelong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A high-throughput antiepileptic drug screening system based on chemically Induced zebrafish behavioral model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93816.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-59).
Epilepsy, which has the largest worldwide impacts among all nervous system diseases expect for stroke and dementia, is a group of long-term neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures. AED medications are the mainstay for epileptic seizure management. However, the existing AEDs cannot fit the needs for every patient due to the efficacy and side effect issues. In this thesis, a high-throughput system to screen new antiepileptic drug is built up. Chemically induced zebrafish larvae are used as a seizure model. The change in fishes' behavior patterns serves as an indicator of the fishes' nervous system condition. The design of the behavior data acquisition setup as well as the requirements of its components is described. A fish tracking program that tracks the locomotion variables like the head position, the tail movement and sideway orientation etc. is developed. The tracking results are treated either by simply computing the statistics of the tracking variables or implementing behavior pattern classifications. Two test datasets involving two different convulsants and one known AED are acquired and analyzed. The results coincide with the existing knowledge about the chemicals' effects on the human nerve system, which suggests the system described in this thesis is promising to help with the actual AED development.
by Yuelong Wu.
S.M.
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Lu, Po-Nien. "Zebrafish Epithalamus as a Model System for Studying Circadian Rhythms and Left-Right Asymmetry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333731416.
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Phelan, III Peter E. "Development of a Viral Disease Model and Analysis of the Innate Immune System in Zebrafish, Danio rerio." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PhelanPE2004.pdf.
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Lindquist, Tera M. "The development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a rapid and efficient model system for therapeutic drug screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1311694979.
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Schwerte, Thorsten. "Early development of the cardio-respiratory system in the model animals zebrafish (danio rerio) and xenopus laevis analysed with non-invasive computer assisted image analysis." Dortmund T. Schwerte, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2789102&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Eaton, Jennifer Lynn. "The Molecular Control of Zebrafish Isotocin Cell Development: A Potential Model for the Neurodevelopmental Causes of Autism and Prader-Willi Syndrome." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1152190826.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 19, 2006). Advisor: Eric Glasgow. Keywords: oxytocin; isotocin; vasopressin; vasotocin; hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system; hypothalamus; development; autism; Prader-Willi Syndrome; single-minded; orthopedia; arylhydrocarbon nuclear translocator; Brn2; POU; zebrafish; behavior; paraventricular nucleus; supraoptic nucleus; preoptic nucleus; diencephalon; suprachiasmatic nucleus; thyroid transcription factor; sonic hedgehog; NK 2 transcription factor related; distal-less homeobox gene; homeobox; homeodomain; morpholino Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-266).
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Ivarsson, Adam. "Expediting Gathering and Labeling of Data from Zebrafish Models of Tumor Progression and Metastasis Using Bespoke Software." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148691.
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In this paper I describe a set of algorithms used to partly automate the labeling and preparation of images of zebrafish embryos used as models of tumor progression and metastasis. These algorithms show promise for saving time for researchers using zebrafish in this way.
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Wang, Mu-Yun. "Attention and individual behavioural variation in small-brained animals, using bumblebees and zebrafish as model systems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8700.
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A vital ability for an animal is to filter the constant flow of sensory input from the environment to focus on the most important information. Attention is used to prioritize sensory input for adaptive responses. The role of attention in visual search has been studied extensively in human and non-human primates, but is much less studied in other animals. We looked at attentional mechanisms, especially selective and divided attention where animals focus on multiple cues at the same time, using a visual search paradigm. We targeted bumblebee and zebrafish as model species because they are widely used as tractable models of information processing in comparatively small brains. Bees were required to forage from target and distractor flowers in the presence of predators. We found that bees could selectively attend to certain dimension of the stimuli, and divide their attention to both visual foraging search and predator avoidance tasks simultaneously. Furthermore, bees showed consistent individual differences in foraging strategy; ‘careful’ and ‘impulsive’ strategies exist in individuals of the same colony. From the calculation of foraging rate, it is shown that the best strategy may depend on environmental conditions. We applied a similar behavioural paradigm to zebrafish and found speed-accuracy tradeoffs and consistent individual behavioural differences. We therefore continued to test how individuality influences group choices. In pairs of careful and impulsive fish, the consensus decision is close to the strategy of the careful individual. The present thesis provides implications for the study of animal attention, individuality differences based on attentional strategies, the influence of individuality on animal group choices and an exploration of the evolutionary pressures that favour stable individual differences.
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Villefranc, Jacques A. "Two Distinct Modes of Signaling by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Guide Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Patterning in Zebrafish: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/557.
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR3/Flt4) and its ligand Vegfc are necessary for development of both blood and lymphatic vasculature in vertebrates. In zebrafish, Vegfc/Flt4 signaling is essential for formation of arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Interestingly, Flt4 appears to utilize distinct signaling pathways during the development of each of these vessels. To identify components of this pathway, we performed a transgenic haploid genetic screen in zebrafish that express EGFP under the control of a blood vessel specific promoter. As a result, we indentified a mutant allele of vascular endothelial growth factor c (vegfc), vegfcum18. vegfcum18 mutants display defects in vein and lymphatic vessel development but normal segmental artery (SeA) formation. Characterization of this allele led to the finding that the primary defect in vegfcum18 mutants was a general failure in vein and lymphatic vessel sprouting. Further genetic and biochemical analysis of this mutant revealed profound paracrine defects, which likely result in the observed loss of lymphatic and venous structures. Furthermore, double mutant analysis demonstrated that defects during SeA formation in vegfcum18 mutants were masked by inputs from the Vegfa signaling pathway. Endothelial cell autonomous expression of vegfcum18 induced angiogenic effects on blood vessels while endothelial cells lacking vegfc displayed defects in tip cell occupancy, suggesting a cell autonomous-autocrine role for Vegfc during developmental angiogenesis. Finally, we present genetic evidence that links processing of Vegfc by Furin during the formation of lymphatics in zebrafish. Together the data presented here suggest two discrete modes of signaling during blood and lymphatic vessel development, thus implying that regulation of Vegfc secretion and processing may play a pivotal role in the formation of these distinct vessel types in zebrafish.
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Bläßle, Alexander [Verfasser], and Patrick [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "A systems biology approach to axis formation during early zebrafish embryogenesis : from biophysical measurements to model inference / Alexander Bläßle ; Betreuer: Patrick Müller." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196701075/34.
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Mathews, Bobby. "A zebrafish model system for drug screening in diabetes." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17847.
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GWAS (Genome wide association studies) have aided in the discovery of various novel variants associated with diabetes. However, a detailed study is required to uncover the role of these genes and to determine how their dysfunction affects pathophysiology. Previous work in the lab has been successful in establishing zebrafish as an efficient model to characterise the effects of these candidate genes. Consequently, efforts have been also made to establish zebrafish as an efficient model system for drug screening as well. The current POP (Proof of principle) study aims to find whether treatment with tolbutamide drug in zebrafish carrying MODY (Maturity onset diabetes of the young) mutations has the similar effects in humans. The study employed zebrafish carrying five (gck, hnf1a, hnf1ba, hnf1bb, pdx1) CRISPR induced MODY orthologues. The zebrafish larvae were supplemented with tolbutamide drug from 5dpf till 10dpf (day post fertilisation). At 10dpf, larvae were screened for various glycaemic traits, whole body glucose and lipids as well body size. CRISPR-CAS9- induced mutations were quantified using paired end sequencing. The results showed that treatment with tolbutamide had a significant effect on the hyperglycaemic outcome induced by hnf1bb, hnf1a, and pdx1 mutations which was in line with the known effects of the drug in humans. In conclusion, the POP study proved to be successful in leveraging zebrafish as an efficient model system for, in vivo characterisation of drugs and can likely help to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Boehmler, Wendy A. "Zebrafish as a model system to study dopamine-related neurological disorders." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1455/index.html.
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Cruz, Shelly Abad, and 柯雪莉. "Zebrafish an outstanding molecular model system to study novel physiological function of neuroendocrine related hormones." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56186561207719048985.
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博士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
99
Chapter I Cortisol controls epidermal ionocyte differentiation and proliferation by targeting Foxi3 transcription factors in zebrafish (Danio rerio) In teleost fish, skin/gill function, cell morphological changes and cell proliferation were greatly affected by cortisol during environmental acclimation. In the present study we examined the molecular mechanism behind cortisol action including its known receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (gr) in fish epidermal ionocyte progenitor development. Utilizing zebrafish for both in vivo and in vitro assay, together with the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in the skin development which includes the corticotrophin releasing factor (crf), crf receptor 1 (crfr1), crfr2 and melanocotropin 2 receptor (mc2r) or ACTH receptor. Cortisol treatment of zebrafish newly fertilized eggs suppressed gr transcripts without affecting mr. Transcripts of ionocyte marker genes for Na+-K+-ATPase rich cells (NaRCs): epithelial Ca+ channel (ecac) and H+-ATPase rich cells (HRCs): glial cell missing 2 (gcm2), Na+-H+-exchanger 3b (nhe3b) (B), H+-ATPase A-subunit (atp6v1a) were all upregulated upon cortisol treatment. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that both NaRCs and HRCs density were significantly increased. In addition, ionocyte progenitor specification and differentiation marker genes foxi3a and foxi3b spatial mRNA expression were increased after 24-48 h treatment of cortisol via in situ hybridization. Cell division was not affected but cell apoptosis was decrease at 48 hpf and increased at 72 hpf in the cortisol-treated group. Knock-down of gr by GR-ATG MO showed immense lowered NaRCs and HRCs numbers among GR morphants which is further confirmed by GR-SV MO. In contrast, loss of MR has no effect in epidermal stem cells and ionocyte density. In vitro, 24 h gill organ culture with cortisol treatment significantly increased NaRCs and HRCs numbers including upregulation of foxi3a/b transcripts. Hence, we propose that cortisol through gr targets foxi3a/b that regulates epidermal ionocyte progenitor specification/differentiation together with delayed apoptosis in which case caused proliferation of matured ionocytes as the apparent outcome. Chapter II Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), CRF-receptors and related proteins contribution on skin development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) The systematic hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis was also demonstrated to play a critical role in the skin development. Loss of function assay by morpholino oligos showed crf and crfr1 significantly take part in the stem cell and ionocytes density. CRFR1 is the major receptor that could mediate CRF function. Both present maternally, these may suggest their importance during the early skin development in zebrafish. CRFR2 is also maternally deposited but it can be dispensable during skin development since there is no observed change in epidermal stem cells or ionocytes density and morphology upon crfr2 knock-down. Nevertheless, CRFR2 function cannot be ruled-out in other major physiological functions like in stress. Altogether, the present results serve as a foundation of the HPI axis as a systematic event or locally present in the zebrafish skin and gills. In which crf initializes this event through crfr1, as a separate and local function or as a complete course of signaling events together with that of cortisol-gr-foxi3a/3b axis major effect in the epidermal ionocyte progenitor differentiation. More future work has to be done to clarify more issues and provide better understanding in the neuroendocrinology of the skin.
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Wee, Esther Ong Ee, and 王奕薇. "The Studies of Type I Interferon (zfIFNI) In Nervous Necrosis Virus Zebrafish Infected Model System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51959202511784236195.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
99
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is an important fish pathogen belonging to the virus family Nodaviridae that targets nervous tissues primarily brain and retina. Piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviruses), the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in a wide range of host fish species, has resulted in major economic losses for the marine aquaculture industry. Hence, efficient antiviral strategy has been developed nowadays. In previous study, interferon found to be played role in confronting viral infections as the first line of defense. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of type I (zfIFN) interferon during NNV infection in in vivo and in vitro. Recently type I IFN has been classified into two groups (group I and group II) based on their primary protein sequences and biological activity. In zebrafish, IFNØ1 belongs to group I, while IFNØ2 and IFNØ 3 belong to group II. Moreover，we interestingly found out group I and group II IFN showed different expression patterns even without NNV infection. To study functions of different IFN group, zfIFNI was cloned in pDsRed-IRES vector and expressed in NNV infection model system, zebrafish and GF1 cell line. We assumed that absence of group I IFN is critical in mortality rescue. So we treated GF1 cell line with pDsRedIFNK1 vector and the protection efficiency eventually lost after 24hpi. For in vivo studies, except overexpression of group I IFN, group II IFN also successfully showed a tendency towards protection against NNV infection and up-regulation of the expression of Mx protein by observing increasing of survival rate after NNV infection. We further found out group I IFN and group II IFN showed expression through TLR3/MDA5 /RIG-1 signalling pathway and induce JAK/STAT pathway for type I IFN production but IFNØ3 in group II IFN is not expressed through same pathway. To further get insights into fish interferon functions, we set up a model with group II morpholino-mediated knockdown techniques will help to illustrate the IFN functions. We concluded the involvement of group II IFN may play important role during development in larvae stage due to its phenotype changing and mortality rescue.
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Mhanni, Aizeddin A. "Characterization of DNA methylation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio : implications for zebrafish use as a model system to study the role of DNA methylation in normal and abnormal development." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19846.
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