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Journal articles on the topic 'Zambian'
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1
Mtesa, Love. "Commentary: Developing Countries Perspective on Agricultural Liberalization." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2005): 1850053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1140.
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A commentary on Patrick Messerlin's article, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization." Love Mtesa is Zambian Ambassador to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva, including the WTO. He is the Coordinator for the Least Developed Countries at the Ambassadorial level. Ambassador Mtesa joined the Zambian Foreign Service in 1966 and later served [in]: Kinshasa, Congo; Addis Ababa, Ethiopa; as Director of the African and Middle East Department in the Zambian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Harare, Zimbabwe; as Zambia’s Permanent Representative at the United Nations in New York; and as Zambian Ambassador to Great Britain and other European nations. He has also been active in opposition politics in Zambia for a number of years.
2
Pines, Eula W., Maureen Rauschhuber, and Sarah Williams. "Health Connections." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i4.1987.
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Nearly half of Zambia's population is under 15 years old, with an estimated 630,000 “AIDS orphans,” children who’s parents have died from HIV/AIDS, and are now left to survive without complete families. Zambian caregivers of these AIDS orphans have been overwhelmed with the task of providing grief counseling services to these children. Nursing professionals at the University of the Incarnate Word responded to the professional development needs of grief counselors in Zambia, and launched Health Connections in 2004-2006. Health Connections is a cross-cultural grief education program designed to educate caregivers in a rural Zambian village on how to help grieving children. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Health Connections “train-the-trainers” program.
3
John Barton, Stuart. "Sino-substitution: Chinese foreign direct investment in Zambia." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-08-2013-0025.
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Purpose – This paper aims to establish the level (if any) of Chinese State influence on setting the terms of Foreign Direct Investment in Zambia, specifically their influence on improving access for Chinese investors through the establishment of Special Economic Zones. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a process trace to test primary archival data and elite interviews against growing academic and popular “China in Africa” literature. Findings – After examining primary data, existing academic and popular literature is found to poorly describe China’s economic influence in Zambia, primarily by largely speculating on non-evident coercive investment practices. Instead, the paper concludes that similarities between new Chinese investment and retreating Western sources in Africa can better be described as “Sino-Substitution”. Research limitations/implications – The primary research has focused on English language Zambian sources; access to further Chinese sources would improve the breadth of the study. Practical implications – The study has found the terms of new Chinese investment in Zambia to be far more calculated, consensual and symbiotic than described in the existing literature. This more balanced view of Chinese investment is important if other foreign investors are to retain or regain competitive advantage in the region. Originality/value – No existing research has traced empirically the process through which the Zambian Government developed Special Economic Zones into the country’s largest investment vehicle, or how Chinese investment came to dominant capital flows within them. As investment in these zones grows, a better understanding of the Zambia–China relationship should help other investors compete, and improve Zambia’s access to capital.
4
Martínez Pérez, Guillermo, Mwenya Mubanga, Concepción Tomás Aznar, and Brigitte Bagnol. "Becoming and Being a Woman: Meanings and Values of Labial Elongation for Zambians in Cape Town." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2016.1705.
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Zambian women might doubt whether to stop or preserve labial elongation, which is a female genital modification instructed to the girl child as the first rite of passage into womanhood. We conducted a grounded theory research among Zambian men and women who had immigrated to Cape Town. Twenty women and seventeen men participated. Beliefs and perceptions around womanhood, gender roles and pleasure place elongation as a practice that is highly valued by Zambians in South Africa. Interventions to promote and improve women’s sexual health –such as capacity building of healthcare professionals and design of information, education and communication materials– can be informed by framing and documenting the implications for the Zambian migrant women’s sexual and social wellbeing of this practice.
5
Bruce-Miller, M., and M. Goldová. "Occurrence of Endoparasites in Indigenous Zambian Dogs." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0023.
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Abstract This study was conducted in the country of Zambia, Southern Africa, to investigate the occurrence of endo-parasites in indigenous Zambian dogs. Faecal samples were collected from 41 indigenous Zambian dogs from different areas of the Mbabala region in the Southern province of Zambia during the “hot wet” season, although at the time that the samples were collected, the country was experiencing a drought. Faecal samples were analysed using the concentration flotation method with zinc sulphate for the determination of the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. The most prevalent parasites were species from the family Ancylostomatidae (65.0 % infection rate) which followed by: Isospora canis (9.8 %), Dipylidium caninum (4.8 %), and Toxascaris leonina (2.4 %). There were in addition, two cases of co-infections with the family Ancylostomatidae and D. caninum, as well as the family Ancylostomatidae and I. canis.
6
Sakupapa, Teddy Chalwe. "Ethno-Regionalism, Politics and the Role of Religion in Zambia: Changing Ecumenical Landscapes in a Christian Nation, 2015-2018." Exchange 48, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341517.
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Abstract This contribution explores the interaction between religion and politics in a religiously plural and ethnically multidimensional Zambian context. Given the political salience of both religion and ethnicity in Zambian politics, this research locates an understudied aspect in the discourse on religion and politics in Zambia, namely the multiple relations between religion, ethnicity and politics. It specifically offers a historical-theological analysis of the implications that the political mobilisation of religion has for ecumenism in Zambia since Edgar Chagwa Lungu became the country’s president (2015-2018). Underlining the church-dividing potential of non-theological (doctrinal) factors, the article argues that the ‘political mobilisation of religion’ and the ‘pentecostalisation of Christianity’ in Zambia are reshaping the country’s ecumenical landscapes. Accordingly, this contribution posits the significance of ecumenical consciousness among churches and argues for a contextual ecumenical ecclesiology.
7
Chintu, C., A. Malek, M. Nyumbu, C. Luo, J. Masona, H. L. DuPont, and A. Zumla. "Case Definitions for Paediatric AIDS: The Zambian Experience." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 2 (March 1993): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400204.
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For the purpose of surveillance of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended criteria for the clinical case definition of AIDS in adults and children. In a preliminary examination of children in Zambia a number of patients with obvious AIDS did not fit the published WHO case definition for paediatric AIDS. Based on this the Zambia National AIDS Surveillance Committee designed local criteria for the clinical case definition of paediatric AIDS. We compared the Zambian criteria with the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS by studying 134 consecutively admitted children to one of the paediatric wards at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. Twenty-nine of the patients were HIV-1 seropositive and 105 were HIV-1 seronegative. Among the 29 HIV-seropositive patients, the Zambian criteria identified 23, and the WHO criteria identified 20 children as having AIDS. The 105 HIV-seronegative children were classified as having AIDS in 9 cases by the Zambian criteria and in 38 cases by the WHO criteria. These results give the Zambian criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS a sensitivity of 79.3%, a specificity of 91.4% and a positive predictive value of 86.8% compared to a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 64% and a positive predictive value of 38% for the WHO criteria. The current WHO criteria are inadequate for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS. The need to refine the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS is discussed.
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Eriksen, Elisabeth Almaz Berger. "A Child-Centred Discourse in Zambian Kindergartens?" Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njcie.4148.
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This article aims to identify and discuss the existence and strengthening of a child-centred teaching discourse in Zambian kindergartens. The article is based on the understanding that the teacher-directed approach to teaching is a historically based hegemonic discourse within Zambian kindergartens. This means that the teacher-directed teaching discourse dominates thinking in many ways and is translated into institutional arrangements (Hajer, 1995, in Svarstad, 2005, p. 243). Several studies have pointed to the challenges posed by the teacher-directed teaching discourse in kindergartens in Sub-Saharan Africa as a hindrance of pedagogical quality in such institutions, pointing to a child-centred teaching discourse as an important path towards development (EFA, 2015, p. 208, Temba, 2014, p. 110; Mwaura et al., 2008; 2011). This article includes a positive discourse analysis of the Zambian Education Curriculum Framework[1] and a small-scale qualitative study, based on observations from four classrooms in four kindergartens in the Copperbelt province of Zambia. The article focuses on conducting a positive discourse analysis of the elements of child-centred teaching discourse observed in one of the four classrooms. The findings point to the existence of a child-centred teaching discourse in the Zambian Education Curriculum Framework. However, only one of the four Zambian kindergarten teachers seemed to implement teaching practices that could be identified as a child-centred teaching discourse. he elements of a child-centred teaching discourse identified through the positive discourse analysis were: the kindergarten teachers’ professional decisions, good interaction with children, use of a variety of materials, and children’s participation. The findings are discussed in light of the Zambian Education Curriculum Framework as well as theoretical perspectives on child-centred teaching discourse, argumentation theory and children’s right to participation. Finally, the article includes a critical discussion of how the findings may strengthen a child-centred teaching discourse in Zambian kindergartens.
9
Mweemba, Oliver, John Musuku, Tulani Francis L. Matenga, Michael Parker, Rwamahe Rutakumwa, Janet Seeley, Twambo Simanga, Paulina Tindana, and Jantina de Vries. "Policy makers, regulators and researchers’ perspectives on genomics research and the capacity of the National Health Research Act of 2013 to regulate genomics research in Zambia." AAS Open Research 3 (July 24, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13092.1.
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Background: Health research in sub-Saharan Africa takes place against a lengthy history of exploitation and unfair collaboration. This has involved the export of samples and data from the continent for the benefit of institutions and researchers elsewhere. In this paper, we report the perspectives of people involved in conducting genomics research in Zambia and the capacity of the Health Research Act (HRA) of 2013 in regulating genomics research. Methods: We approached 14 purposively selected stakeholders involved in the development or implementation of the HRA in Zambia for in-depth interviews. These were members of research ethics committees, genomics researchers, Ministry of Health policy makers and institutional lawyers. Results: Participants reported that there are benefits in genomics research for Zambia such as diagnosing and treatment of diseases. Participants also expressed concerns, most of which were ethical in nature. Prominent concerns were on consent. Participants’ main concern was the possible misuse of samples in the future. These concerns resonated with the HRA, which prohibits the use of broad consent for the collection of samples and data for future unspecified research. The implications of this is that Zambians may not participate in any kind of health research for which the storage, sharing and re-use of data or samples is envisaged. The restrictive nature of HRA means that genomics research may be excluded from future health research collaborations, thus isolating the country from potentially beneficial health research. Some policy makers also worried the samples and data that comes from such research may be difficult to access by local scientists. Conclusion: In this article, we describe the views of Zambian policymakers on genomics research and the capacity of HRA in regulating genomics research. Our findings are relevant for the Zambian audience, and other African countries that are aiming to regulate health research, especially genomics research.
10
Kantini, Samson, and Cheela Chilala. "A Critical Review of Ideological Trends in the Study of Zambian Literature in English." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.4.1.386.
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Two ideologically divergent schools of thought have emerged in the study of Zambian
literature in English. The first one rooted in imperialist doctrines emerged in the early 1980s
and continues to influence many studies on Zambian literature to this day. The second one
with a clear object of the renaissance of world literatures like that of Zambia is recent.
It begun towards the end of the second decade of the 2000s and challenges the first one.
This paper gives a critical discussion of studies that constitute and mark these two trends.
It is a desktop research that employs the documental analysis informed by the historical
cultural materialism theory. It concludes that the imperialist school of thought overlook
and impoverish our understanding of the wider ideological and political context in which
Zambian literature in English has and is evolving and the world literary scene on which we
encounter it. Then, the renaissance school of thought does not just remedy this ideological
problem but creates an opportunity for us to study Zambian literature in English as a distinct
local realist tradition that is organically developing and in transition.
11
Zulu, Sambo, and Franco Muleya. "A student perspective of ethics in the Zambian construction industry." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2018-0074.
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Purpose The importance of ethical considerations in the construction industry is acknowledged. This is particularly the case that the industry plays a significant part in a nation’s development. The Zambian construction industry has seen an increase in activity due, in part, to massive infrastructure development programmes adopted by successive governments, increase in foreign direct investment and housing development. The Zambian construction industry, like any other, is not immune to unethical behaviour. This study aims to investigate students’ perception of the prevalence of unethical practices in the Zambian construction industry. A review of literature demonstrated that a number of contextual factors including location can influence the perception of unethical practices. A focus on Zambia was therefore considered necessary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 121 students took part in a questionnaire survey to examine their perception of the extent to which unethical practices were prevalent in the Zambian construction industry. Findings The findings suggest that students perceived bribery/corruption and political/societal influences as the two most common unethical practices, while the least prevalent unethical practices were perceived to be alcohol/drug abuse and workplace violence. The findings are largely consistent with previous studies investigating the ethical perception of professionals in the Zambian construction industry. In addition, the findings suggests that when the year and programme of study are taken into consideration, the differences in perception of unethical practices are evident for these demographic groups. Originality/value This study provided an added dimension to the understanding of ethical issues in the Zambian construction industry as it was the first of its kind involving students’ perceptions. This paper therefore contributes to the list of countries where similar studies have been undertaken.
12
Joseph, Bwalya Kelvin, and Tanya du Plessis. "Consumers' Awareness of the Value of e-Government in Zambia." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2015070101.
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This study investigates whether e-Government consumers (citizens and businesses) in selected towns in Zambia are aware of the anticipated benefits of e-Government. Awareness translates into recognition of the perceived benefits and may influence adoption as posited in Davis' 1989 technology acceptance model. Using the mixed methods research approach, an investigation follows of consumers' awareness, or lack of awareness, of e-Government benefits in three Zambian towns. To date, no significant empirical study has been done investigating e-Government penetration in Zambia evidenced by consumers' awareness. This article contributes to the current debate on e-Government in Sub-Saharan Africa by means of regression modeling which shows that apart from the traditional factors, namely 'perceived ease of use' and 'perceived usefulness' that influence adoption, the Zambian context also presents additional factors that influence adoption such as culture, cost, trust, and other social dimensions or beliefs.
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Musambo, Lubasi Kakwete, and Jackson Phiri. "A Framework for Civil Registration in Developing Countries Based on Biometrics and ISO Standards." International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East 8, no. 2 (July 2019): 32–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijictrame.2019070103.
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Most developing countries in Africa have civil registration processes with inherent challenges that inhibit their efficiency and accuracy. Attempts at modernization and improvement are on-going. In this article, a biometric framework that can be used to mitigate the challenges inherent in biometric data management for the civil registration system in Zambia is presented. The proposed framework presented is based on ISO models and adapted for most developing countries with low Information and Communication Technologies. A baseline study was undertaken to assess the understanding and appreciation of biometrics within the Zambian community and how this data might be stored or managed. A study of the Zambian civil registration business process has been undertaken and the authors propose an automated civil registration business process. Results obtained show that currently, Zambia does NOT have a biometric framework that supervises use of biometric data. The proposed model once adopted would form a secure framework for civil registration based on biometrics and ISO standards.
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Pagni, Fabio, Francesca Bono, Camillo Di Bella, Agostino Faravelli, and Anna Cappellini. "Virtual Surgical Pathology in Underdeveloped Countries: The Zambia Project." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/135.2.215.
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Abstract Only 1 surgical pathology laboratory is available in Zambia, a country with a population of 12 million people. Since 2004 the Italian association of pathologists Patologi Oltre Frontiera has been working to create a virtual laboratory through the use of telemedicine. The project has involved staining histologic preparations on site, with the interpretation of imaged slides performed abroad through telepathology. Starting in April 2007, all surgical specimens obtained in Mtendere Mission Hospital, Chirundu, Zambia, were submitted for microscopic examination through whole-slide scans. Two independent Italian pathologists evaluated the cases by means of satellite connection and the final diagnoses were sent to Zambian clinicians via the internet. This article describes the spectrum of diagnoses made via telepathology for the Zambian population. Also, we analyze the concordant and discordant data between this telepathology method and traditional microscopy in a developing country. Moreover, we provide possible solutions for providing pathology services in other underdeveloped countries.
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Goldring, Edward, and Michael Wahman. "Democracy in Reverse: The 2016 General Election in Zambia." Africa Spectrum 51, no. 3 (December 2016): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971605100306.
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On 11 August 2016, Zambia held elections for the presidency, National Assembly, local councillors, and mayors. Concurrently, a referendum was held on whether to enhance the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of Zambia. The elections were significant for several reasons: It was the first contest under a newly amended Constitution, which introduced important changes to the electoral framework. It also marked a break with Zambia's positive historical record of arranging generally peaceful elections. Moreover, the election featured an electoral playing field that was notably tilted in favour of the incumbent party. Ultimately, the incumbent president, Edgar Lungu of the Patriotic Front, edged out opposition challenger Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development. The election was controversial and the opposition mounted an unsuccessful legal challenge to the final results. The 2016 elections represent a reversal in the quality of Zambian democracy and raise questions about the country's prospects for democratic consolidation.
16
Crehan, Stewart. "Fathers and Sons: Politics and Myth in Recent Zambian Drama." New Theatre Quarterly 3, no. 9 (February 1987): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00008496.
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The conflict of generations is a theme familiar enough in western drama – but less expected in an African context, with its strong traditions of ‘respectful, submissive behaviour towards the old in general, and towards one's parents in particular’. Yet a theme of aggression between fathers and sons has, argues Stewart Crehan, been discernible in a significant proportion of the plays staged in the last three festivals of the Zambian National Theatre Arts Association. He analyzes some of these plays, and examines the implications of the theme in the various social circumstances of contemporary Zambian society, besides discussing the ‘mythical dimension’ which is also involved. Stewart Crehan is currently Senior Lecturer in the Department of Literature and Languages at the University of Zambia, and has been active in Zambian theatre as a playwright, actor, director, and adjudicator. He is author of a critical study and selected edition of the work of William Blake, and has published various articles on literature from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, and on African drama and literature.
17
McElwee, Gerard, and Adrian Wood. "Wetland entrepreneurs: diversity in diversification in Zambian farming." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 752–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0089.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore enterprise diversification amongst wetland farmers in Zambia as a way of reducing poverty and improving sustainability. This paper identifies ways in which such entrepreneurial activities can be supported and applied more widely. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study of Zambian farmers, based on a series of workshops and interviews held in Zambia with farmers and farm business advisers. Findings Despite adopting new technologies most farmers are restricted to the local market where their increased production holds down prices. However, a very small number of farmers are able to progress to production and marketing for markets in major urban centres hundreds of kilometres away, and considerably more are able to use the capital accumulated from wetland farming to diversify their household enterprises to reduce poverty and improve the sustainability and resilience of their livelihoods. Originality/value No work has previously been undertaken in diversification strategies of small-scale farmers in Zambia.
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Harima, Hayato, Masahiro Kajihara, Edgar Simulundu, Eugene Bwalya, Yongjin Qiu, Mao Isono, Kosuke Okuya, et al. "Genetic and Biological Diversity of Porcine Sapeloviruses Prevailing in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020180.
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Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) has been detected worldwide in pig populations. Although PSV causes various symptoms such as encephalomyelitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia in pigs, the economic impact of PSV infection remains to be determined. However, information on the distribution and genetic diversity of PSV is quite limited, particularly in Africa. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PSV infection in Zambia and characterized the isolated PSVs genetically and biologically. We screened 147 fecal samples collected in 2018 and found that the prevalences of PSV infection in suckling pigs and fattening pigs were high (36.2% and 94.0%, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Zambian PSVs were divided into three different lineages (Lineages 1–3) in the clade consisting of Chinese strains. The Zambian PSVs belonging to Lineages 2 and 3 replicated more efficiently than those belonging to Lineage 1 in Vero E6 and BHK cells. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that genetic recombination events had occurred and the recombination breakpoints were located in the L and 2A genes. Our results indicated that at least two biologically distinct PSVs could be circulating in the Zambian pig population and that genetic recombination played a role in the evolution of PSVs.
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Kaunda, Chammah J. "“From Fools for Christ to Fools for Politicians”: A Critique of Zambian Pentecostal Theopolitical Imagination." International Bulletin of Mission Research 41, no. 4 (September 13, 2017): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939317730694.
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This study analyzes how Zambian Pentecostals understand the meaning of the Declaration (i.e., a 1991 statement by President Chiluba that Zambia is a Christian nation) in relation to politics. Employing empirical missiological approach, the study demonstrates that Pentecostals hold to two diverging political perspectives—transforming politics from within and maintaining a subversive political imagination.
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Keller, Bonnie B. "Struggling in Hard Times: The Zambian Women's Movement." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 2 (1989): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700009112.
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The Women's Decade has had a substantial impact in Zambia. Before 1975 there was virtually no discussion about the economic and political situation of the nation's women. Since 1985, however, many of the issues raised during the Decade have been made specific to the Zambian situation by a small national women's movement. Professional women active in the movement have focused on changes in policy making and planning processes to improve women's economic situation, rather than on political mobilization and participation.
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Rush, K. L., J. Barker, R. Ollivier, M. Ferrier, and D. Singini. "Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Zambia’s Western Province." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p1.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality from stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Case finding in some areas of the country, such as in rural Zambia is especially challenging with limited availability of ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring devices. Moreover, there is very little qualitative research exploring Zambian patients’ experiences living with AF.
AIMS: The two-fold purpose of this study was i) to explore the use of a screening tool for detecting AF in Western Province, Zambia and ii) to understand the patient experience of living with AF.
SETTING: Mongu and Limulunga Districts in the Western Province of Zambia.
METHODS: Mixed methods. Convenience sampling for both quantitative and qualitative arms of the study was used to recruit participants attending public ‘Health Checks.’ Quantitative data were collected by means of an interview-administered survey and qualitative data were obtained through individual interviews.
RESULTS: An irregular manual pulse was found in 12.6% (n=33) of Zambians who attended the Health Checks and two participants were confirmed to have AF. Zambians with an irregular pulse had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and were significantly less sedentary than those without pulse irregularities. Two themes emerged from the interview with two patients diagnosed with AF: symptoms and healthcare access.
CONCLUSION: Hypertension continues to be a problem in adult Zambians and is an independent risk factor for stroke and, when diagnosed in conjunction with AF, further compounds stroke risk. Access to screening and diagnostic care for AF is essential, especially in currently underserved rural areas. In addition, participants presented with unique risk factors, such as consolidated periods of exercise, that require further research to determine context and seasonal variation so as to improve education and prevention strategies.
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Larmer, Miles. "Nation-Making at the Border: Zambian Diplomacy in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751800052x.
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AbstractHow and where were new African nations made at the moment of decolonization? Focusing on the periphery rather than the center provides an insightful answer to this question: imposing national identity in border regions with mixed and mobile populations, dynamic migrant flows, and cross-border linkages was a task fraught with contradiction. This article explores the establishment of Zambian political and diplomatic space in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the activities of Zambian political and diplomatic representatives in the southern Congolese city of Elisabethville in the early-to-mid 1960s. It does not assess how effective these officials were in imposing a sense of Zambian national identity, but rather what their efforts reveal about the ideas and values that informed state elites’ assertions of national identity and their relationship to history, local identities, and moral codes regarding, among other things, customary authority and gendered behavior. The article argues that nation-making in newly independent states involved the assertion of not only state sovereignty over territorial space but also symbolic power, the right to classify, and the moral and political notions that underlay ostensibly bureaucratic, disinterested state structures. Analysis of the attempts of Zambia's first diplomatic representatives to establish and assert their notion of Zambian-ness reveals the fragility of new national identities and the extent to which elites sought to underpin these identities by the assertion of moral certainties.
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Klinken, Adriaan van. "Homosexuality, Politics and Pentecostal Nationalism in Zambia." Studies in World Christianity 20, no. 3 (December 2014): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2014.0095.
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Building upon debates about the politics of nationalism and sexuality in post-colonial Africa, this article highlights the role of religion in shaping nationalist ideologies that seek to regulate homosexuality. It specifically focuses on Pentecostal Christianity in Zambia, where the constitutional declaration of Zambia as a Christian nation has given rise to a form of ‘Pentecostal nationalism’ in which homosexuality is considered to be a threat to the purity of the nation and is associated with the Devil. The article offers an analysis of recent Zambian public debates about homosexuality, focusing on the ways in which the ‘Christian nation’ argument is deployed, primarily in a discourse of anti-homonationalism, but also by a few recent dissident voices. The latter prevent Zambia, and Christianity, from accruing a monolithic depiction as homophobic. Showing that the Zambian case presents a mobilisation against homosexuality that is profoundly shaped by the local configuration in which Christianity defines national identity – and in which Pentecostal-Christian moral concerns and theo-political imaginations shape public debates and politics – the article nuances arguments that explain African controversies regarding homosexuality in terms of exported American culture wars, proposing an alternative reading of these controversies as emerging from conflicting visions of modernity in Africa.1
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Li, Jessica, Rachel Parker, Kristin Wall, Lisa Haddad, and Susan Allen. "2120 Long-acting reversible contraceptive uptake in female sex workers and single mothers in Rwanda and Zambia." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.292.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has been well established as the most cost-effective form of contraception, but LARC usage in developing countries remains low. As part of a multi-center parent study on HIV incidence, we implemented an integrated family planning program to increase LARC uptake in single women in Rwanda and Zambia. We aim to evaluate rates of LARC uptake, LARC discontinuation and incident pregnancy following family planning counseling. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We enrolled 3 cohorts of single sexually active HIV-negative women between the ages of 18–45 years: single mothers (SM) in Zambia, female sex workers (FSW) in Zambia and FSW in Rwanda. Participants were followed every 3 months for up to 5 years. At each visit, we discussed fertility goals and counseled participants on HIV risk reduction and contraceptive options. Eligible participants (not pregnant, already using a LARC method, or using a permanent contraceptive method) were offered a LARC method, specifically the copper IUD or Jadelle implant. Data was collected on demographic factors, sexual behavior, sexual and reproductive history, and gynecological exams and laboratory tests were performed if necessary. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 458 Rwandan FSW, 555 Zambian FSW, and 521 Zambian SM were enrolled, with a median follow-up time of 6 months, 12 months, and 9 months, respectively. Accounting for any LARC uptake during longitudinal follow-up, our preliminary results show an increase in LARC usage from 21% at screening to 51% at the end of follow-up among Rwandan FSW, an increase from 12% to 42% in Zambian FSW and an increase from 18% to 44% in Zambian SM. We hypothesize that demographic factors (e.g., younger age, higher education level) and sexual history (e.g., greater number of sexual partners, any STIs or reproductive health disturbances) will be associated with increased rates of LARC uptake. We also hypothesize that LARC users will have significantly lower proportions of contraceptive method discontinuation and incident pregnancy compared to non-LARC users. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: FSW and SM are disproportionately affected by high rates of unintended pregnancy, which can lead to obstetric complications and poor psychosocial outcomes. It is imperative that family planning interventions in developing countries target these populations to overcome obstacles in reproductive health and promote gender equality. Our study will provide necessary insights to an integrated family planning program, which will guide future efforts to design, implement and evaluate family planning initiatives for high-risk populations.
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Peele, Muchinka Mbewe, Cindy Gill, and Sarah Wainscott. "Progress in Education of Children With Disabilities in Zambia." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 6 (December 17, 2020): 1820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-20-00034.
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Purpose The purpose of this review article is to review the progress made in the treatment and education of persons with disabilities in Zambia, to identify barriers that have hindered change and initiatives that have facilitated positive changes in Zambia, and to highlight the initial steps toward the establishment of the profession of speech-language pathology in Zambia. Conclusions There have been remarkable strides in the education of children with disabilities and the establishment of support for persons with disabilities since the Republic of Zambia became an independent nation in 1964. Zambia's limited resources, understanding of disabilities, and cultural and social barriers have hampered efforts to provide special services to children. Despite these challenges, many policies have been adopted and laws passed to protect the rights of those with disabilities, including access to quality equitable and inclusive education programs. Though implementation of the stated ideals has been difficult, and poverty continues in many areas, preparation of special education teachers and inclusion practices has improved. One vital service for children with disabilities, speech/language therapy, remains outside the new provisions. Speech therapy is not currently provided in the schools and is rarely available elsewhere. Though there are currently no Zambian college or university preparation programs for speech therapists, plans to bring speech pathology to Zambia are underway.
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Kaljee, Linda, Kelvin Munjile, Anitha Menon, Stephen Tembo, Xiaoming Li, Liying Zhang, Jacob Malungo, Bonita Stanton, and Lisa Langhaug. "The ‘Teachers Diploma Program’ in Zambian Government Schools: A Baseline Qualitative Assessment of Teachers’ and Students’ Strengths and Challenges in the Context of a School-Based Psychosocial Support Program." International Education Studies 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n2p92.
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In Zambia, as elsewhere throughout sub-Saharan Africa, orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) face multiple physical, emotional, social and psychological challenges which often negatively affect opportunities for educational attainment. REPSSI (Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative), in collaboration with, the University of Cape Town and other African academic institutions, developed the Teachers’ Diploma Program as part of the Mainstreaming Psychosocial Care and Support into Education Systems to provide teachers and school administrators with the knowledge and skills to provide needed support to students and enhance their learning environments. During initial implementation of the Teachers’ Diploma Program in Zambia (2013-2016), qualitative data was collected as a part of larger outcomes and process evaluation. In the current paper, these qualitative data are presented to describe baseline challenges and strengths within the Zambian government school system and early indicators of change during the first ten months of program implementation. These in-depth data provide both teachers’ and students’ experiences and perspectives and are being utilized to further strengthen the Teachers’ Diploma Program as the Zambian Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Childhood moves forward with plans to implement the training at a national level in colleges of teacher education.
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Cumberlidge, Neil, Clare Fastiggi, and Paul F. Clark. "An updated checklist and key to the Zambian species of freshwater crabs, with the description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 4 (June 7, 2019): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz029.
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Abstract A new species of the freshwater crab genus PotamonautesMacLeay, 1838 from Mporokoso, northern Zambia, southern Africa is described. Potamonautes caputanatisn. sp. is morphologically distinct from other species of this genus found in Zambia and its neighboring countries. The new species is recognised by a unique combination of morphological characters of the carapace, thoracic sternum, major cheliped, and adult male first gonopod. Illustrations of P. caputanatisn. sp. are provided and differences with congeners found elsewhere in Zambia and southern Africa are discussed. The addition of P. caputanatis n. sp. raises the number of species of freshwater crabs known to occur in Zambia to eleven. An updated checklist and key are provided to the Zambian species of freshwater crabs.
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Kydd, Jonathan. "Coffee After Copper? Structural Adjustment, Liberalisation, and Agriculture in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010454.
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In contrast to its policies in the economic sphere, Zambia has one of Africa's most liberal approaches to press freedom. To convey the flavour of public debate during, or immediately after, the 19-month experiment with a market-determined exchange rate, 10 quotations are presented below:Large scale mining will continue for 12 to 20 years, but small-working may go on for 50–60 years.– Francis Kaunda, Chairman, Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines, June 1987.Coffe after copper.– Campaign slogan of the Coffee Growers Committee of the Commercial Farmers' Bureau.Even real socialist countries have to find and use foreign exchange.– Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister, replying to a question in the National Assembly, August 1986.Zambia's cardinal mistake was to subsidise consumption for a long time, thereby delaying diversification.– Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia, May 1986.The economic reform programme has begun to succeed: devaluation has stimulated exports.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1936, Opening the 21st U.N.I.P. National Council Meeting.It was not socialist principles which ruined the Zambian economy, but unfavourable economic terms which the North has imposed on the South…I have no power…we agreed to the IMF reform programme much against out better judgement.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1986, interviewed by Swedish, West German, and Cuban journalists.
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Van Ho, Tara. "Vedanta Resources Plc and Another v. Lungowe and Others." American Journal of International Law 114, no. 1 (January 2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.77.
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In Vedanta v. Lungowe, the United Kingdom Supreme Court determined that civil claims for negligence brought by Zambian claimants against an English parent company (Vedanta) and its Zambian subsidiary (Konkola Copper Mines plc (KCM)) for damages experienced in Zambia can proceed in English courts. While framed as a domestic tort law case, the decision is significant for international efforts aimed at holding businesses accountable for their “negative impacts” on human rights. Writing for a unanimous Court, Lord Briggs's judgment hinged narrowly on the right of victims to access substantial justice. More broadly, Lord Briggs suggested that parent companies that hold themselves out in public disclosures as overseeing the human rights, environmental, social, or labor standards employed by their subsidiaries assume a duty of care to those harmed by the subsidiary. This suggestion has the potential to transform current corporate approaches to human rights due diligence and accountability.
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Haynes, Naomi. "“Zambia Shall be Saved!”." Nova Religio 19, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.19.1.5.
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This article explores the increasingly common argument that Pentecostal Christianity, far from being apolitical, is very politically engaged. I make two contributions to this discussion. First, my analysis provides a detailed account of how Pentecostal religious life serves as political engagement in an especially significant ethnographic context: Zambia, the only African country to make a constitutional declaration that it is a “Christian nation.” For Zambian Pentecostals, “the declaration” is a covenant with God made according to the principles of the prosperity gospel. By regularly reaffirming that covenant through prayer, believers do political work. My treatment of the prosperity gospel represents the second contribution of this article. Whereas others have argued that the prosperity gospel undermines public engagement, I show how its practices inform the political efforts of Zambian believers. I conclude by reflecting on how changes in the prosperity gospel may shape the future political actions of African Pentecostals.
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Chidumayo, Emmanuel N. "Zambian charcoal production." Energy Policy 21, no. 5 (May 1993): 586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90042-e.
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Lasong, Joseph, Yuan Zhang, Simon Afewerki Gebremedhin, Sampson Opoku, Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, Tamara Mkandawire, Kai Zhao, and Huiping Zhang. "Determinants of modern contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study in rural Zambia." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e030980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030980.
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ObjectiveZambia is among the world’s top 10 countries with higher fertility rate (5.5 births/woman); unmet family planning need for births spacing (14%) and limiting births (7%). Women in rural Zambia (24%) are reported to have unmet need for family planning than those in urban areas (17%). This study was conducted to ascertain factors associated with modern contraceptive use among rural Zambian women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural Zambia.ParticipantsSecondary data of 4903 married or cohabiting rural women (15–49 years) after filtering out the pregnant, urban based and unmarried women from 2013 to 2014 Zambian Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) were analysed using SPSS V.22. Multiple logistic regression, Pearson’s χ2and descriptive statistics were performed to examine factors associated with modern contraceptive use.ResultsFactors that were positively associated with contraceptive use were respondent’s education (secondary adjusted ORs (AOR = 1.61, p≤0.002); higher (AOR = 2.39, p≤0.050)), wealth index (middle class, (AOR = 1.35, p≤0.005); rich (AOR = 2.04, p≤0.001) and richest (AOR = 1.95, p≤0.034)), high parity (1–2 (AOR = 5.31, p≤0.001); 3–4 (AOR = 7.06, p≤0.001); 5+ (AOR = 8.02, p≤0.001)), men older than women by <10 years (AOR = 1.50, p≤0.026) and women sensitised about family planning at health facility (AOR = 1.73, p≤0.001). However, old age (40–49 years (AOR = 0.49, p≤0.001)), other religions (Protestants, African traditionalists and Muslims) (AOR = 0.77, p≤0.007), ever had pregnancy miscarried, aborted or stillbirth (AOR = 0.78, p≤0.026) and women without knowledge of number of children husband desires (AOR = 0.71, p≤0.001) were negatively associated with contraceptive use.ConclusionModern contraceptive use in rural Zambia among currently married women of reproductive age group is relatively low (43%). We recommend that appropriate interventions are instituted to increase contraceptive access and use especially among uneducated older rural Zambian women.
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Hairong, Yan, and Barry Sautman. "Chinese Farms in Zambia: From Socialist to “Agro-Imperialist” Engagement?" African and Asian Studies 9, no. 3 (2010): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x515987.
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Abstract Participation by Chinese in Zambia’s agriculture has involved three modes of engagement. Two of these, agro-socialist cooperation until the late 1980s and agro-capitalist “win-win,” since the 1990s, can be examined. The third one, an “agro-imperialist” mode, is not an experience, but a speculation, one possible future based on the Chinese state’s potential to allow firms from China to join in the large-scale, export-oriented “land grabs” by big transnational firms that have occurred since food crises in the developing world in the late 2000s. This paper analyzes all three modes of Chinese engagement, but necessarily concentrates on the second, present-day mode, agro-capitalism. We argue that the present Chinese engagement with Zambian agriculture makes small-scale positive contributions to the domestic food market in Zambia. At the same time, its agro-capitalist production involves the exploitation of farm workers that is typically at the core of commercial farming regardless of the national origins of farm owners. We also contend that while Chinese in Zambia and Africa are not carrying out agro-imperialism, they will likely do so if Chinese leaders decide that this practice represents an international standard.
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Chambaro, Herman M., Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Isaac Silwamba, Yona Sinkala, Gabriel Gonzalez, David Squarre, et al. "Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090963.
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Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.
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Phiri, Christopher. "A Curious Decision by Zambia’s Highest Court: Six Years Imprisonment for Civil Contempt?" African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340046.
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Abstract On 23 November 2018, the Supreme Court of Zambia delivered a judgement which suggests that Zambian judges have virtually unbridled power to move on their own motion to punish for contempt of court anyone who criticises their judicial decisions. This article considers that judgement. It argues that whilst justice might well have been done in the case in question, it was certainly not seen to be done. Two main reasons are given for this argument. First, the judges appeared to have acted both as prosecutors and adjudicators in their own cause when it was neither urgent nor imperative to act immediately on their own motion. Second, the classification by the Court of the contempt in question as civil contempt rather than criminal contempt is alien to the common law world. The article culminates in a clarion call for the Zambian legislature to intervene and clarify the law of contempt of court to avert capricious and unbridled invocation of the judicial power to punish for contempt.
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Shane, Agabu, Young Kafwembe, and Pride Kafwembe. "The viability of biomethane as a future transport fuel for Zambian towns: A case study of Lusaka." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2018/v29i3a4893.
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The objective of the study was to determine the viability of biomethane as a transport fuel for Zambian urban towns. The study revealed good potential for biomethane production and use as a transport fuel in Zambian towns, using Lusaka as a case example. There is 3.67 million m3 biomethane potential from municipal solid waste alone in Lusaka. About 3 000 tonnes of organic fertiliser would replace an equivalent amount of chemical fertiliser. The replaced chemical fertiliser would lead to about 5.816 GgCO2eqy-1 as avoided emissions. The study showed a positive net present value at the prevailing market interest rates of 28–40%; the project would become unviable at interest rates higher than that. It was estimated that the project would recover its initial investment in a maximum of two years. The research findings have closed data and information gaps in Zambia and have potential to contribute to academic research, policymaking, investments, financing and interested parties.
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Burnell, Peter. "Whither Zambia? The Zambian presidential and parliamentary elections of November 1996." Electoral Studies 16, no. 3 (September 1997): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3794(97)84378-8.
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Suzuki, Akiko, Rosamund Chapman, Nicola Douglass, Olivia Carulei, Johan van Rensburg, and Anna-Lise Williamson. "Phylogenetic Analysis of South African Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) Isolates." Viruses 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080898.
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Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) causes chronic lymphoproliferative disorder and fatal lymphosarcoma in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. BLV is endemic globally and eleven genotypes have been identified. To date, only Zambian isolates have been genotyped from Africa. Although high BLV prevalence has been reported in South Africa, there has been no molecular characterisation of South African BLV isolates. To characterise BLV isolates in South Africa for the first time, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships and compared the genetic variability of eight South African BLV isolates with BLV isolates representing the eleven known genotypes from different geographical regions worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length and partial env sequences as well as full-length gag sequences revealed that at least two genotypes, genotypes 1 (G1) and 4 (G4), are present in cattle in South Africa, which is consistent with studies from Zambia. However, our analysis revealed that the G1 South African isolate is more similar to other G1 isolates than the G1 Zambian isolates whereas, the G4 South African isolates are more divergent from other G4 isolates but closely related to the G4 Zambian isolate. Lastly, amino acid sequence alignment identified genotype-specific as well as novel amino acid substitutions in the South African isolates. The detection of two genotypes (G1 and G4) in southern Africa highlights the urgent need for disease management and the development of an efficacious vaccine against local strains.
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Soko, U., and D. Lombe. "Participation in Improving Clinical Outcomes of Cancer Patients by Nongovernmental Organisations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Case for Zambia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 185s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.62600.
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Amount raised: $8000 Background and context: The Zambian Cancer Society (ZCS) is a nongovernmental organization dedicated to fighting cancer along the continuum of care. Until recently, ZCS had provided nonclinical social support to patients by donating food, toiletries, clothing and transport money. The Society also runs a patient navigation desk at the national Cancer Diseases Hospital, which provides information to patients, cancer survivors and their care givers. In 2017, ZCS in collaboration with Oncocurae Consultancy decided to participate in clinical outcomes by fundraising for service delivery costs. Aim: To improve clinical outcomes of cancer patients by filling in the financial gap in cancer care in Zambia. Strategy/Tactics: The Zambian Cancer Society engaged with technocrats in the field of oncology to understand the barriers to quality care and good outcomes for cancer patients treated at the national Cancer Diseases Hospital. Solutions within realistic budget lines were then proposed. Partners such as the Rotaract Club of Lusaka, Zambia Active Ambassadors, Zambians living in the UK and many more were sensitized to these needs for fundraising. Program process: Three main areas were identified: Knowledge gap in implementation of more conformal radiotherapy techniques. Pathology costs inhibitive for patients (especially pediatric oncology and breast cancer). Lack of organized preventative, screening and surveillance services at the cancer center. Costs and returns: Activity 1: Sponsorship for radiotherapist to attend the European Society of Medical Oncologists (ESMO) Africa Summit, in Cape Town. Cost: $1000 Return: Achieved networking and mentorship relationships with view to enhance skills and training opportunities. Activity 2: Provision of funds to allow for timely diagnosis of disease to enable treatment. Cost: ongoing Return: Immunohistochemistry is an important aspect to enable oncologists to make good treatment decisions but often too costly. Activity 3: Equipment for preventative, screening and surveillance clinic bought. Cost: $2700 Return: Launch of preventative, screening and surveillance clinic at Cancer Diseases Hospital. What was learned: Social support is very important for patients but lack of clinical support can turn a potentially curable disease into an incurable one in the LMICs. Leveraging of relationships between NGOs and goodwill sponsors can bridge financial gaps in poorly funded health care systems.
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Li, Hangwei, and Xuefei Shi. "Home Away From Home: The Social and Political Roles of Contemporary Chinese Associations in Zambia." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 48, no. 2 (August 2019): 148–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868102620907224.
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This article examines the social and political roles of contemporary Chinese associations in Africa with case studies from Zambia. These associations help Chinese migrants better integrate and promote China’s image in Zambian society. More importantly, they proactively engage in bilateral political relations, working with the embassy and state apparatus, defending China’s overseas interests, and providing public goods to the Chinese community. We argue that, because of the associations, Chinese migrants in Zambia are politicised beyond the fact of their living in economic enclaves. Contemporary Chinese associations should thus be recognised as a significant actor and an indispensable intermediary in the rapid evolution of China–Africa relations.
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Phiri, Isabel Apawo. "PRESIDENT FREDERICK J.T. CHILUBA OF ZAMBIA: THE CHRISTIAN NATION AND DEMOCRACY." Journal of Religion in Africa 33, no. 4 (2003): 401–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006603322665332.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the career of Frederick Chiluba from his election as President of Zambia in October 1991 to his renunciation of standing for a third term in April 2001. The paper argues first that, in his book on democracy and in his declaration of Zambia as a Christian nation, Chiluba set up the criteria by which his presidency would be judged and ultimately found wanting. Second, it argues that the Christian nation concept has had the inadvertent consequence of giving evangelicals a clear basis on which to judge Chiluba and the Zambian state, and hence has served as a catalyst for more energetic and extensive evangelical political engagement.
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Mulenga, Mulenga Chonzi. "Utilization of Trade Preferences in Zambia: Firm Specific Issues." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 12 (November 5, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n12p25.
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Preferential agreements are intended to increase trade between countries involved. However, in reality, although the overarching purpose of these agreements in terms of market opening is often achieved, increases in trade is seldom realized. For countries like Zambia where data on trade via the preferential route are rarely captured, it is pertinent to analyze, from a firm’s perspective, the utilization of the existing agreements. This study set out to analyze the extent of Zambia’s utilization of trade preferences using both secondary and primary data sources. The secondary data establishes that despite these agreements having granted almost all Zambian exports duty-free and quota-free access, the country’s utilization rates have been low. This result is affirmed by the exporters and further validated by the key informants as both surveys establish that Zambian firms have not utilized the trade preferences effectively. They have attributed the low utilization of these preferences to internal and external challenges. The internal challenges include: lack of production capacity, poor infrastructure, poor knowledge of markets, and high transport costs. Externally, the challenges include: difficulties in meeting sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures, costly rules of origin, technical barriers to trade and cumbersome paperwork requirements. The country therefore, needs to address these challenges if it is to utilize these agreements effectively.
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Simooya, Steriah Monica. "The Role of the Zambian Media in Public Environmental Awareness and Education." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.364.
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Successful environmental communication is achieved through a well informed public
as it will be better equipped and positioned to tackle environmental challenges of the
21st Century. A well informed public is partly a result of the role the media plays in
disseminating information. Hence the media play a strategic role in raising public
environmental awareness, dissemination of environmental information and inspiring
environmental action. This study looked at the role of the Zambian media in public
environmental awareness and education.
The study aimed at finding out the role of the Zambian media in public environmental
awareness and education. The study had three objectives:
1. to find out how many environmental journalists there were in selected media
organisations;
2. to determine the content of environmental information published by the selected
media; and
3. to find out the contribution of environmental journalism to the lives of ordinary
people in the selected Zambian urban, peri-urban, and rural areas.
The study used qualitative and quantitative research designs and also a survey research
technique. The research analysed environmental contents of three prominent daily
newspapers in Zambia namely The Post, Zambia Daily Mail and Times of Zambia.
The study also captured views and experiences of respondents from which qualitative
and quantitative data was obtained. Purposive and random sampling were used to
select respondents from the three dailies and from a cross section of the Zambian
society. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used
to process field data.
To collect primary data, daily publications in three selected months of May, June
and July 2010 by the three newspaper companies were analysed to determine the topics
and frequency of environmental news coverage. Questionnaires were administered to
editors and journalists from the three daily newspapers and also a cross section of the
Zambian society.
The findings of the research indicated that the people tasked with the collection
and publication of environmental information were not trained in environmental
matters hence their inability to successfully communicate environmental information
in an interesting and educative manner. More space was dedicated to the printing of
political and sports news compared to environmental information which was deemed
unsellable and bad for business.
The study further found out that much of the space allocated to environmental
coverage was dedicated to pollution. Further, most of the environmental events
covered were based in urban areas and were noticed when accompanied by a prominent
person in society or the government of the day. The study also found out that the
public lacked sensitisation in environmental matters resulting in the inability of the
people to be environmentally responsible either individually or at community level.
The study recommended the following:
1. In-service media personnel need to be trained through refresher courses in
environmental matters.
2. Environmental programmes to be designed in all institutions of higher learning
that will train journalists who will tackle and cover environmental issues ably,
as is the case in developed countries; and recommends that
3. The media needs to place value on environmental coverage by carrying out indepth
analyses and research on the issues and events they publish.
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Chitonge, Horman. "Who is subsidising whom? Water supply cross-subsidisation policy, practice and lessons from Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 4 (November 4, 2010): 599–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000625.
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ABSTRACTThis paper looks at the policy and practice of cross-subsidisation in the water sector, focusing on the Zambian experience. Setting a price for water services is a sensitive and controversial issue. Pricing water services below cost recovery can threaten the sustainability of the service and human welfare in the long term, while water pricing at full cost recovery often restricts access to water services for poor households, compromising their well-being. This paper looks at one of the approaches that policy makers use in an attempt to balance the trade-offs – cross-subsidisation. Lessons from the experience of implementing the cross-subsidy policy in Zambia are identified and discussed. This paper argues that while the objectives behind the cross-subsidisation policy are clear, the results from the implementation of this policy are, at best, unclear. The Zambian experience shows that for an indirect subsidy, such as cross-subsidisation (as opposed to a direct subsidy), to generate positive results, a careful consideration of the actual context in which the policy is to be implemented must be a precondition to its implementation.
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van Donge, Jan Kees. "Reflections on donors, opposition and popular will in the 1996 Zambian general elections." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1998): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002656.
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The Zambian general elections held on 18 November 1996 to elect a president and parliament are of more than merely national interest. Even before the elections took place, a vocal opposition already doubted their genuineness, and these claims have found considerable international sympathy. The Zambian government and those who voted them into power for a second term, however, consider these elections a hallmark of the success of the reintroduction of multi-partyism, which Zambia was one of the first, and one of the most successful, to reintroduce in Africa. These elections, therefore, provide a case in which to analyse a triangular interaction which is common in Africa: the interaction between an incumbent political group, an opposition which does not accept the victory of the former, and the international community. This article aims to offer a theoretical perspective on the way in which these three groups of actors intermesh; but, in order to ground these more theoretical concerns in an understanding of the empirical realities, an attempt is made first to capture the essence of the conflicts involved.
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Alamu, Emmanuel Oladeji, Therese Gondwe, Toluwalope Emmanuel Eyinla, and Busie Maziya-Dixon. "Assessment of Dietary Diversity of Mothers and Children of 6–24 Months from Eastern and Southern Provinces of Zambia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (July 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1049820.
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In-depth information on dietary diversity and food consumption patterns in Zambian households is still scarce. This study, therefore, probed dietary intakes of mothers and their children living in households of two Zambian districts, Chipata and Monze, located in the eastern and southern provinces of Zambia, respectively. After assessing their diet, Dietary Diversity Scores (DDSs) were calculated and classified into low and high categories, while correlations were used to test determinants of DDS. The assessment revealed that the consumption of cereal-based products ranked highest in frequency. Specifically, the consumption of maize-based foods was highest in Chipata (55.43%) and then in Monze (43.56%) households. There was an observed low preference for mixed dishes that were not either maize or groundnut porridges. We also found positive and negative correlations of DDS with the educational level of household heads and age of mothers, respectively. We, therefore, suggest that increased nutrition education may improve dietary preferences, so also further investigation into other factors hindering low choices for mixed recipes will be useful in increasing overall diet quality.
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M Siachoono, Stanford, Obote Shakachite, Alexinah M Muyenga, and Justice Bwalya. "Under Ground Treasure: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Ecology and Distribution of Zambian Truffles." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n2p1.
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<p class="1Body">Zambian truffles, (believed to belong to the genus <em>Terfezia</em> because of its proximity to the Kalahari truffles), with a native Lozi name as <em>Zoondwe (p</em>) in Western province of Zambia, have been on the diet of many local inhabitants for many years. They are collected or hunted at the end of the rainy season between early April and early July each year. Very little is known of the Zambian truffles scientifically apart from the local ethno mycological knowledge. The present work is a preliminary study carried out to understand their ecology, plant interaction and distribution including the soil pH and the weather conditions.</p><p class="1Body">The second revelation was the occurrence of a similar truffle species which the locals call <em>simbulukutu.</em> It is a bitter relative of the actual truffles that the locals eat. Despite the bitterness, the locals eat it, with special preparation, in hard times.</p>
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Kunda, Douglas, Christopher Chembe, and George Mukupa. "Factors that influence Zambian higher education lecturer’s attitude towards integrating ICTs in teaching and research." Journal of Technology and Science Education 8, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.338.
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This paper investigates factors that influence Zambian higher education lecturer’s attitude towards integrating ICTs in research and teaching. To determine these factors, we used online administered survey with a total of 163 respondents from public and private higher education institutions in Zambia. Quantitative data analysis based on descriptive and inferential statistics was used in this study. Inferential analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among variables using Pearson correlation analysis and completely randomized design. The results revealed that lack of adequate Internet bandwidth is among the major barrier or obstacle for assimilating ICTs in research and teaching for Zambian higher education lecturers. Additionally, training lecturers on the use of ICTs e.g. email, PowerPoint presentations, electronic boards and its advantages is the most important incentive to motivate lecturers to incorporate ICTs in research and teaching. Therefore, this study contributes to literature on factors that influence higher education lecturers’ attitude towards integrating ICTs in research and teaching. This study also demonstrates a positive correlation between the important factors that influence lecturers in integrating ICTs in research and teaching.
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Haynes, Naomi. "Concretizing the Christian Nation." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127037.
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Abstract In October 2015 the Zambian president broke ground on a new National House of Prayer, a building project meant to reaffirm the country's status as Africa's only self-proclaimed “Christian nation.” Over the next four years architects produced three separate sets of plans for the House of Prayer, images of which were circulated among Zambian Christians, primarily church leaders. Each set of plans has provoked conversations about what the House of Prayer should look like. This article shows how discussions of the building's aesthetic features were connected to the theological-political possibilities of Christian nationalism, crystalizing around two competing models of how to go about making Zambia a (more) Christian nation. By tracing the tension between these models through architectural and aesthetic debates, this article shows the link between images and the theological-political imagination. It therefore builds on anthropological analyses of other parts of the world that have emphasized the political power of aesthetics as more than representations of already existing ideas—that is, as an ideologically and politically productive force in its own right.
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Topp, Stephanie M., Anjali Sharma, Clement N. Moonga, Chisele Chileshe, George Magwende, and German Henostroza. "Evaluation of a health system strengthening initiative in the Zambian prison system." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (January 2018): e000614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000614.
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IntroductionIn 2013, the Zambian Correctional Service (ZCS) partnered with the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia on the Zambian Prisons Health System Strengthening project, seeking to tackle structural, organisational and cultural weaknesses within the prison health system. We present findings from a nested evaluation of the project impact on high, mid-level and facility-level health governance and health service arrangements in the Zambian Correctional Service .MethodsMixed methods were used, including document review, indepth interviews with ministry (11) and prison facility (6) officials, focus group discussions (12) with male and female inmates in six of the eleven intervention prisons, and participant observation during project workshops and meetings. Ethical clearance and verbal informed consent were obtained for all activities. Analysis incorporated deductive and iterative inductive coding.ResultsOutcomes: Improved knowledge of the prison health system strengthened political and bureaucratic will to materially address prison health needs. This found expression in a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Health (MOH) and Ministry of Community Development, and in the appointment of a permanent liaison between MOH and ZCS. Capacity-building workshops for ZCS Command resulted in strengthened health planning and management outcomes, including doubling ZCS health professional workforce (from 37 to78 between 2014 and 2016), new preservice basic health training for incoming ZCS officers and formation of facility-based prison health committees with a mandate for health promotion and protection. Mechanisms: continuous and facilitated communication among major stakeholders and the emergence of interorganisational trust were critical. Enabling contextual factors included a permissive political environment, a shift within ZCS from a ‘punitive’ to ‘correctional’ organisational culture, and prevailing political and public health concerns about the spread of HIV and tuberculosis.ConclusionWhile not a panacea, findings demonstrate that a ‘systems’ approach to seemingly intractable prison health system problems yielded a number of short-term tactical and long-term strategic improvements in the Zambian setting. Context-sensitive application of such an approach to other settings may yield positive outcomes.