Journal articles on the topic 'Zaatari (Refugee camp)'
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Hammad, Alaa M., Walid Al-Qerem, Fawaz Alasmari, Jonathan Ling, Raghda Qarqaz, and Hakam Alaqabani. "Identifying Drug-Therapy Problems among Syrian Refugees in Zaatari Refugee Camp." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 12, 2022): 7199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127199.
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Background: Due to a lack of proper pharmaceutical care, Syrian refugees in the Zaatari refugee camp are more likely to have drug-related issues, such as prescription errors and adverse drug occurrences. Aim: The current study aims to identify drug-therapy problems among Syrian refugees in the Zaatari refugee camp. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients’ files were collected from the Zaatari camp database. Patients who were 18 years or older and were previously diagnosed with a chronic disease were included. A classification of drug therapy problems (DTPs) was adapted. Results: The data of 1530 adult patients (896 females) were collected. The mean age of the sample was 53.7 years and the mean Body mass Index (BMI) was 27.20. The mean of all taken medications was 4.01 (±2.33) medications, with a maximum number of 13. A total of 3572 DTPs was identified, with a mean of 2.33 (±1.26) DTPs per patient. Based on the above-mentioned classification, 70.32% of the DTPs were related to indication, 26.65% were related to effectiveness, and 3.03% were related to safety. Conclusion: This study found that refugees in the Zaatari refugee camp have numerous DTPs among their medications. Greater focus should be placed on their medical care, in order to prevent any future complications due to DTPs.
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van der Helm, A. W. C., A. Bhai, F. Coloni, W. J. G. Koning, and P. T. de Bakker. "Developing water and sanitation services in refugee settings from emergency to sustainability – the case of Zaatari Camp in Jordan." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.107.
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As of the beginning of 2017, more than four years after opening, Zaatari refugee camp in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan hosts around 80,000 Syrian refugees. Zaatari is one of the largest refugee camps in the world, in one of the most water scarce countries. Since its establishment, drinking water has been trucked to communal facilities. Wastewater has been trucked from these facilities and from self-constructed storages next to households. To improve future sustainability in equitable water and sanitation access, public health conditions, environmental conservation and operational costs, household connected water and sewage networks are implemented. This shift from emergency to sustainable phase benefitted from adaptation of urban infrastructure methods. Maximising such investment requires stakeholder and project management, throughout design and implementation, for quality control of all processes and outputs, asset management and administrative strategies. A shift is necessary from a humanitarian approach toward a structured master planning vision. The planning urban utility perspective is essential for ensuring operational sustainability in the conception of water and sanitation systems in Zaatari refugee camp.
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Dalal, Ayham. "The Refugee Camp as Site of Multiple Encounters and Realizations." Review of Middle East Studies 54, no. 2 (December 2020): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2021.10.
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AbstractLiterature in Human Geography has given much attention to “encounters” and their impact on negotiating difference in everyday life. These studies, however, have focused solely on cities, while “other” spaces like refugee camps have received little attention to date. In this paper, I highlight the significance of “encounters” in camps by exposing three main types: the “refugee-refugee,” the “refugee-humanitarian,” and the “refugee-more-than-human” encounters. Using empirical examples from Zaatari camp in Jordan, I show that the “refugee-refugee” encounters cannot be fully understood without taking refugees’ culture, background, and urban identities into consideration. I also explain how the “refugee-humanitarian” encounters result in new types of behaviors and might harden the boundaries between both groups. And lastly, I demonstrate how the “refugee-more-than-human” encounters can inform us about refugees’ unique experiences with shelters, space, and materiality. Building on the examples given for each type, this article suggests that “encounters” have the ability to generate knowledge and learnings, which contributes to shaping the space of the camp by either enforcing boundaries between different groups and/or by allowing new and hybrid spatialities to emerge. This not only confirms that “encounters” are an important entry point in understanding the socio-spatial and material composition of refugee camps, but also that further studies in this regard are direly needed. It also suggests that architects and planners need to allow for the “new” to emerge as a result of these encounters and, therefore, to enable flexibility and adaptability within camps’ design and planning.
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Schön, Anna-Mara, Shahad Al-Saadi, Jakob Grubmueller, and Dorit Schumann-Bölsche. "Developing a camp performance indicator system and its application to Zaatari, Jordan." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 8, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 346–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2017-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the initial results of the Camp Performance Indicator (CPI) system to illustrate the importance of self-reliance of refugee camp dwellers with regard to infrastructure and service investments. Design/methodology/approach Data, derived from a field trip to Zaatari in autumn 2016 and thorough literature research, were taken to develop a new CPI system. The findings from the literature research were merged with available camp data to validate each other. Findings Self-reliance is a fundamental human right and anchored in the UN sustainable development goals. Yet, presented findings reveal that even in one of the most modern refugee camps in the world – Zaatari – the level of self-reliance is rather low. However, organisations and humanitarian logisticians can influence self-reliance by identifying clearly where challenges are. Research limitations/implications Data from a diverse range of reports were extracted. As most of these reports lack reliable and comparative quantitative data, the limitation of the study must be taken into account. So far data were only validated on one case study. To develop the tool further, more data need to be taken into account. Originality/value To this point, there is no performance measurement tool available focusing on self-reliance of encamped refugees. In addition, no academic research has measured the interrelation between the level of investments in infrastructure and services and the improvement of the lives of camp residents, especially regarding the level of self-reliance.
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Dalal, Ayham. "A Socio-economic Perspective on the Urbanisation of Zaatari Camp in Jordan." Migration Letters 12, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i3.279.
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Camps are temporal spaces where refugees are provided with humanitarian aid until durable solutions are made possible. During this period of ‘endless waiting’, these camps are planned to be economically self-contained. However, through time, refugee camps tend to urbanise: their initial empty spaces transform into vibrant markets, habitats and social spaces. In response to this ‘unexpected’ - and sometimes ‘unwanted’ - process, the economically self-contained system of camps breaks. This paper looks into the emerging socio-economic dynamics in Zaatari camp in Jordan, on the light of its urbanisation process and the Jordanian economy. It first explains the how humanitarian aid is provided, and then shows how and why, refugees use it to diversify the economy of the camp. The findings of this paper are then articulated on the existing policies to reduce the financial aid such as ‘self-reliance’ and ‘development’.
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Alshirah, Mohammad Hussein, Anwar Jiries, and Amjad Shatnawi. "Impact of Syrian refugee camp on water, air and soil quality at Zaatari refugee camp/Jordan." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00229.
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Evaluation of the environmental situation inside Zaatarirefugee camp in terms of water, soil and air was done through classic monitoring as well as by the use of new technique (biofilm) to monitor heavy metal pollution in sewage system at Zaatari camp was done. Major ionic composition was determined for surface runoff, groundwater and wastewater whereas six heavy metals Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pbwere evaluated for all samples. It was found that salinity of surface runoff decreased with rain events that the highest concentration was found at the beginning of the rainy season where the lowest was found at the end of the season.The salinity of wastewater was related to population density within the camp as it was highest in the oldest part of the camp where high population density exist and the lowest was in the new part of the camp with low population density. Heavy metal concentration in groundwater was low indicating that pollution from the refugee camp did not reach the groundwater resources of the area. All biofilm sampling of the same of wastewater samplingsites was done and it was found to be more efficient in wastewater monitoring as it represent longer period of monitoring than traditional method.For heavy metals concentration in the upper soil showed much higher concentration than lower soil indicating that the source of heavy metals are from the activities within the camp. For air concentration of all heavy metals were very low indicating that there is no source of heavy metals pollution in the area as the camp is located in a desert area and relatively far from major cities.
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Khader, Yousef S., Wadih Maalouf, Mohammad Abu Khdair, Mohannad Al-Nsour, Eresso Aga, Adam Khalifa, Mohamad Kassasbeh, Soha El-Halabi, Tobias Alfven, and Ziad El-Khatib. "Scaling the Children Immunization App (CIMA) to Support Child Refugees and Parents in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Capital Approach to Scale a Smartphone Application in Zaatari Camp, Jordan." Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44197-021-00029-x.
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Abstract Background Children vaccination is a key intervention for their survival, especially among refugees. Yet, children vaccination registration is done manually in refugees camps and there is no possibility to send reminders to parents to come back on time. We aimed to boost the parental registration of children’s vaccination records on a Children Immunization app (CIMA) while also availing the parents with useful parenting skills under COVID-19-related stress. Methods We incorporated United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Parenting Skills under COVID-19 information material, through CIMA in Arabic and English languages. We recruited 1100 children in February–March 2021, through a community health promotion dissemination approach. A team of two nurses from the local population and two volunteers (one trained nurse and one trained social worker), from the camp, was formed. They promoted the CIMA app at two clinics and through households visits in Zaatari refugee camp. Qualitative data on impressions and observations of the interactions with the Zaatari camp community were also collected. Results A total of 1100 children, up to 15 months of age, eligible for vaccination were enrolled in CIMA, whereby the staff explained the content of the app in terms of vaccination schedule, health promotion materials for vaccination and parenting skills to their caregivers. During the household visits, the volunteers identified a total of 70 children that have incomplete history of vaccination records (n = 42/70 girls, 60%). Also, opportunities and challenges for scaling the app were documented. Conclusion The scaling of CIMA as an innovative means of dissemination of risk and health information in challenging context such as refugee camps was feasible. In the context of vaccination needs for children, in refugee settings, such a need is more eminent, particularly in the context of COVID-19.
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Zibar, Layla. "Book Review - From Shelters To Dwelling: The Zaatari Refugee Camp by Ayham Dalal, 2022." Radical Housing Journal 5, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54825/mees6156.
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Ayham Dalal offers us a spatial repertoire on the radicality of the ‘housing’ question regarding refugees and their built environments. By focusing on the ‘tension between the shelter and the dwelling’, this book offers an exceptional reading of the imposed temporary materiality of the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. Dalal introduces ‘dwelling’ as a spatial practice, highlighting refugees' spatial agency in resisting and subverting the idea of liminality and, as Malaki (1992) proposes, falling outside the ‘natural order of things’. Through detailed case studies and visual representation, this book brings to the fore the dismantling and reassembling of given temporary structures to describe Syrian refugees' spatial agency in transforming the tent-furnished desert into ‘the third largest city in Jordan’.
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Al-Haj Eid, Dr Omar Abdullah. "WRITING ON TENTS AND CARAVANS IN AL-ZAATARI SYRIAN REFUGEE CAMP OF MAFRAQ, JORDAN: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7540.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the sociolinguistic functions expressed by the written messages on the tents and caravans' surfaces in Al-Zaatari Refugee Camp of Mafraq, Jordan from a sociolinguistic perspective. The study also attempts to find out the relationship between patriotism and graffiti writing in the refugee camp of Mafraq, particularly how the young male refugees practice graffiti writing to express their sense of patriotism towards their homeland, Syria.
Methodology: To achieve the study objective, the researcher collected a set of (144) messages written on the tents and caravans' surfaces of the camp. Content analysis and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data has been carefully analyzed, classified regarding the sociolinguistic messages and in-depth discussed. A graffiti analysis can be an important means of understanding the linguistic, cultural and social milieu of a community.
Main Findings: The study concludes that graffiti writing on the camp's tents and caravans is functional and a universal phenomenon reflecting ideology. The sociolinguistic function of expressing patriotism and homesickness towards Syria ranked first with a percentage of (80.7%). Tagging is mainly the most common form of graffiti writing and sometimes coupled with drawings. The word Syria is frequently used on most conceivable surfaces of the camp indicating patriotism and longing to their homeland. digs deep into the values and norms of the Jordanian society. To reveal the cultural specificity of such a social, psychological and linguistic phenomenon.
Implications of this study: This paper contributes to the study of sociolinguistics by examining the use of language in the community, norms, and values of the society. It also contributes to other linguistic disciplines such as socio-pragmatics, discourse analysis, and stylistics by analyzing peoples’ writing on several surfaces.
Novelty: No studies were conducted on writing on tents and caravans of Al-Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp of Mafraq even though this widespread phenomenon outspreads the surfaces of the camp. This study thus attempts to fill this gap in sociolinguistics.
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Dalal, Ayham, Amer Darweesh, Philipp Misselwitz, and Anna Steigemann. "Planning the Ideal Refugee Camp? A Critical Interrogation of Recent Planning Innovations in Jordan and Germany." Urban Planning 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1726.
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With the increase of refugee movements since 2014 in Europe and the Near East, the debate of how to plan appropriate shelters and emergency accommodation has gained a new momentum. Established techno-managerial approaches have been criticised as inappropriate and the professional community of planners and architects was increasingly drawn into debates for alternative solutions. This article traces the “innovations” that promise better, more effective, and more humane emergency shelters using the examples of the “Tempohomes” in Berlin as well as the Jordanian refugee camps of Zaatari and Azraq. In both cases, planners were employed to address the ambivalent reality of protracted refugee camps and include “lessons” from failures of earlier solutions. While the article acknowledges the genuine attempt of planners to engage with the more complex needs and expectations of refugees, a careful look at the results of the planning for better camps reveals ambivalent outcomes. As camps acquire a new visual appearance, closer to housing, which mixes shelter design with social spaces and services as essential parts of the camp; these “innovations” bear the danger of paternalistic planning and aestheticisation, camouflaging control under what seems to be well-intended and sensitive planning. The article focuses on refugees’ agency expressed in critical camp studies to interrogate the planning results. While recent critical refugee studies have demanded recognition of refugees as urban actors which should be included in the co-production of the spatial reality of refugee accommodations, new planning approaches tend to result in a shrinking of spaces of self-determination and self-provisioning of refugees.
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Olaimat, Farhan, and Khalaf AL-Tahat. "The Situation of Communication and Media in the Syrian Refugee Camps in Jordan (The Zaatari Camp as a Model)." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i1.1644.
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This study aims to identify the communication and media reality in the Syrian refugee camps in Jordan. In addition, there are other aims such as knowing the reality of communication among Syrian people in camps through identifying the most used Jordanian, Arab and international means of communications and social media. And the extent to which these means of communications satisfy the requirements of Syrians in camps. This study is considered one of the descriptive studies that was based on the survey method through the questionnaire tool on a sample of 243 participants from the Zaatari refugee camp. The study came up with many results , the most important:: It was found that 95.1 of the study sample owned a smart phone, 39.5 owns a computer, -91.4 owns a TV, and 70.4 owns a Satellite TV receiver,92.2 owns internet packages connected to their smart phones,34.4 owns home internet packages -It was found that the majority of the study sample suffers from problems in the Internet, and The Jordanian Television is the most Jordanian media to be followed. It was also found that WhatsApp is the most used social media by the study sample. Moreover, half of the study sample was found to be dissatisfied with communication services in the camp. Accordingly, this paper provides the following recommendations: It is necessary to improve the internet services in Syrian camps in Jordan. And that Jordanian and Arab means of communication show more care for Syrian refugees and their problems.
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Al-Arasi, Sarah Mahmoud, and Khalid Rbye Ayd Alhuayan. "THE STATUS OF REFUGEE RIGHTS IN LIGHT OF MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING AND MECHANISM OF IMPLEMENTATION." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 1215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.84115.
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Purpose: According to the importance of the refugee issue and refugee rights and since that Hashimte Kingdom of Jordan did not join the 1951 convention of refugees status and its 1967 protocol and managed to sign the memorandum of understanding instead with UNHCR, this study aimed to tackle the issue of refugees rights and duties between reality and implementation in Jordan.
Methodology: This study adopted the descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology of international and regional conventions, in addition to the comparison between the Jordanian legislation and the Memorandum of Understanding on Refugees with the provisions of international law. Also, it utilized the empirical method by conducting a field study.
Main Findings: Results gained from the questionnaire concluded the refugees on Jordanian territory got rights more than what was stipulated on in the memorandum of understanding signed between the Jordan government and the United Nations high commissioner for refugees’ affairs (UNHCR). It also found out that the majority of refugees committed to their responsibilities in maintaining general security and order.
Implications/Applications: This study has addressed the implications of the memorandum of understanding signed between the Jordan government and the United Nations high commissioner for refugees' affairs (UNHCR) by its analysis and application on a random sample of 150 refugees in Jordan, including Syrians in the biggest refugee camp in Jordan; Al- Zaatari refugee camp, in addition to the implications of the memorandum on Iraqi and Yemeni refugees in Jordan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study was based on the memorandum of understanding between Jordan and (UNHCR) that was signed in the background of the refugee crisis that our countries witnessed. However, this study was the first to analyze the articles of the memorandum of understanding mentioned above and was backed up with a field study on a random sample of 150 Syrian refugees in Jordan refugees’ camps.
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Rifai, Firas, Bushra M. Ramadan, A. S. H. Yousif, Mohammad Al-Dweiri, and Ayman Abdalmajeed Alsmadi. "The impact of using outsourcing strategy by humanitarian organizations on logistical performance: An empirical investigation from a developing country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 2 (2021): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2art11.
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This paper empirically investigates the potential benefits of outsourcing humanitarian logistics activities to commercial logistics service providers (LSPs) to improve rescue missions in the Al Zaatari Syrian refugee camp in Jordan. The study uses a quantitative research approach, a survey data set of 140 questionnaires was collected from the managers and managerial staff dealing with logistical activities. First, a comprehensive review of related literature was performed to guide this research and then to test the main hypotheses of this study, correlation and regression analysis were carried out. The findings confirmed that humanitarian organizations in Al Zaatary camp can get benefits from collaborating with LSPs on delivering primary logistic services (shelter, food, medicine, transportation, etc.) (Nurmala, de Leeuw, & Dullaert, 2017). Moreover, the findings showed that outsourcing is preferred in the response phase (Vega & Roussat, 2015). This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on humanitarian logistics in ways that fills a gap by empirically investigate the phenomenon, as well as it is considered well timed in the context of the still current situation due to political instability in the region. As far as the authors are aware, this research represents the first study within the humanitarian logistics sector in Jordan.
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Sukhon, Ayman, and Majd Aldeen Khmash. "Syrian Refugees Evaluation for the Services Provided By High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) In Zaatari Refugee Camp (A Field Study)." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i1.4424.
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The study aims at identifying the Syrian refugees’ evaluation of services provided by UNHCR, to achieve the objectives of the study, a sample social survey method was used. Anecdotal sample was selected consisting of (3%) of the study population formed from (471) heads of households, by using (the SPSS)statistical program to come up with results that would answer the study questions. The study reached the following important results: The general average of refugee satisfaction with the services provided by UNHCR was high, reaching an average of (3.85). Satisfaction of refugees with services in general (psychosocial support services, educational services, cleaning services, social support services, water services) was high, as shown by arithmetic averages, In-kind assistance, and electricity services were found at a moderate level.
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Khader, Yousef S., Lucie Laflamme, Daniela Schmid, Soha El-Halabi, Mohammad Abu Khdair, Mathilde Sengoelge, Salla Atkins, Manal Tahtamouni, Tarik Derrough, and Ziad El-Khatib. "Children Immunization App (CImA) Among Syrian Refugees in Zaatari Camp, Jordan: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Intervention Study." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): e13557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13557.
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Background There are up to 19.4 million children who are still unvaccinated and face unnecessary deaths, especially among refugees. However, growing access to smartphones, among refugees, can be a leading factor to improve vaccination rates. Objective This study aims to determine whether a smartphone app can improve the vaccination uptake among refugees and determine the app’s effectiveness in improving the documentation of vaccination records. Methods We developed and planned to test an app through a cluster randomized trial that will be carried out at the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. The study will be open to all parents who carry Android smartphones, have at least one child, and agree to participate in the study. The parents will be recruited to the study by trained volunteers at the vaccination sites around the Zaatari camp. Inclusion criteria will be the following: having at least one child of 0 to 5 years, being a local resident of the camp, and having an Android smartphone. Results The intervention includes an app that will allow storing Jordanian vaccination records, per child, on the parents’ smartphones in Arabic and English (in an interchangeable fashion). Every record will have a set of automated reminders before the appointment of each child. The app will summarize immunization records in form of due, taken, or overdue appointments, labeled in orange, green, and red, respectively. Baseline will include the collection of our primary and secondary outcomes that are needed for the pre and postdata measurements. This includes social demographic data, any previous vaccination history, and electronic health literacy. Participants, in both study arms, will be monitored for their follow-up visits to the clinic for vaccination doses. For the study outcome measures, we will measure any differences in the uptake of vaccinations. The secondary outcome is to analyze the effect of the children immunization app on visits for follow-up doses. Conclusions Owing to the limited evidence of effective interventions for childhood vaccination among refugees, research in this area is greatly needed. The project will have a significant impact on the health of refugees and the public health system. In Jordan and the Middle East, the vaccination level is low. Given the influx of refugees from the area, it is crucial to ensure a high vaccination level among the children. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/13557
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Jabbar, Sinaria Abdel, and Haidar Ibrahim Zaza. "Impact of conflict in Syria on Syrian children at the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan." Early Child Development and Care 184, no. 9-10 (June 2, 2014): 1507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.916074.
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Talafha, Qusai M., Amal Al-Haidos, Ala Y. AlSamman, Saja A. Abdallah, Rasha Istaiteyeh, Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim, Ma'mon M. Hatmal, and Atiyeh M. Abdallah. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Vulnerable Groups: Syrian Refugees in Jordan." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101634.
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Despite the wide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, refugees remain last in line for the intake of vaccines. Syrian refugees in Jordan reach up to 700,000 registered and almost up to 700,000 unregistered refugees. This study aims to assess the willingness of Syrian refugees in Jordan to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants in the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan were invited through social media to complete the survey between January and March 2022. A total of 230 refugees participated in our study, with almost half the participants of male gender. The majority of the participants had secondary school as their highest education level and were unemployed, being below the social poverty line. Interestingly, Syrian refugees showed a high vaccine acceptance rate, as 89.6% were willing to take the vaccine. Moreover, they showed high knowledge regarding the vaccine, the disease, and the virus. Our findings highlight the importance of knowledge and awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine to increase the acceptance rate. This is very important as refugees represent a vulnerable group to infection and complications and require close attention, especially with their significant numbers in Jordon and challenges of providing adequate vaccine supplies at their camps. We hope that, with proper dissemination of knowledge and awareness and with easy accessibility to the vaccines, it will ensure high immunization to reach herd immunity in Jordan.
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Shalan, Muna. "In pursuit of self-reliance – perspectives of refugees in Jordan." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 612–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the employment experiences of refugees, who have benefited from job opportunities in Jordan. It investigates the impact of employment on their livelihoods and the related challenges that they face. Design/methodology/approach The research presented in this paper is of exploratory nature. By ways of analyzing selected interviews with refugees, it explores their employment experiences in terms of their motivation to work and thus provides insights into how refugees perceive the impact of employment on their progress toward self-reliance. It also incorporates the perspectives of employers and investigates measures taken by the employers to overcome challenges and facilitate refugees’ employment. The study is not meant to draw conclusions about the general trends of refugee employment or to measure refugee self-reliance. The study sample thus relies on a small number of people since it seeks depth rather than breadth in data collection. Findings The interpretation of the collected accounts explores how the indicative domains of self-reliance arise in the accounts of the interviewees. Findings suggest that regardless of gender, the employment process was transformational in terms of young refugees’ progress toward self-reliance, whereas its impact was less significant on older refugee women with child-rearing responsibilities. Although older refugee women with children acknowledge the positive impact of employment on their livelihoods, the accounts that they tell suggest that humanitarian assistance still plays an important role in their livelihoods. Furthermore, the collected accounts highlighted aspects that the interviewed women find problematic. These include age-restrictions that some employers impose when hiring, in addition to the limited employment opportunities for men living in Zaatari camp. Research limitations/implications The research limitation is primarily methodological and is attributed to the limited respondent sample size. This implies that the sample is not representative; therefore, results may lack generalizability. Practical implications This study highlighted multi-faceted and complex factors influencing refugee self-reliance. Therefore, it includes implications for the development of refugee employment programs to become more effective in enhancing refugee livelihoods and self-reliance. For example, it highlights that central actors engaged in employment programs for refugees should duly consider the local context to produce context-based solutions. Furthermore, it also emphasizes that central actors should not lose sight of the people-based factors such as refugees’ age, gender and child-rearing responsibilities when devising the employment programs. Originality/value This paper offers insights into how employment can become more effective in promoting the progressive development of refugee self-reliance in Jordan.
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Najjar, Mohammad S., Laila Dahabiyeh, and Mohammad Nawayseh. "Share if you care." Information Development 35, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666918755427.
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Although the performance of Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSC) receives considerable attention in current literature, measuring HSC performance remains challenging. HSC performance depends largely on the ability to meet the needs of the sufferers which contradicts with current performance measures that focus on input metrics such as donations and expenditures rather than output metrics. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature by examining refugee service performance as perceived by refugees themselves. We examine the impact of information sharing and information quality on HSC service performance. We further draw on social capital theory to investigate how the dimensions of social capital influence information sharing and information quality. Data collected from 276 refugees in Zaatari camp in Jordan provide support for our proposed model. Our paper makes two contributions. First, we extend current literature on HSC performance by examining the impact of information sharing and the quality of the information shared on the beneficiaries’ perception of HSC performance. We therefore focus on output metrics rather than input metrics. Second, we apply a social capital theoretical lens to investigate how social ties and relations influence information sharing and information quality in HSC. We also offer theoretical and practical implications for academics and stakeholders in the field of HSC.
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Alrbai, Mohammad, Sameer Al-Dahidi, Loiy Al-Ghussain, Hassan Hayajneh, and Ali Alahmer. "A Sustainable Wind–Biogas Hybrid System for Remote Areas in Jordan: A Case Study of Mobile Hospital for a Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 16, 2023): 14935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014935.
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Access to reliable and sustainable energy in remote areas remains a pressing global challenge, significantly affecting economic development and the quality of life. This study focuses on the implementation of fully off-grid wind–biogas hybrid power systems to address this issue, with a focus on remote healthcare camp facilities. This paper investigates the performance of a hybrid renewable energy system within the context of one of Jordan’s northern remote areas, the Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp, assessing its efficiency and environmental impact by taking the Zaatari hospital as the case study. Simulations were conducted to evaluate system components, including wind turbines, biogas generators, and diesel generators. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted, encompassing both the operational efficiency of the system and its impact on the environment. This study also considered various scenarios (SC#), including grid availability and autonomy levels, to optimize system configurations. The techno-economic assessment employed the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) as a key performance indicator, and sensitivity analyses explored the impact of diesel costs and wind power fluctuations on the system. Additionally, environmental assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental effects of hybrid systems, with a specific focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This investigation involved an examination of emissions in three different scenarios. The results indicate that the lowest LCOE that could be achieved was 0.0734 USD/kWh in SC#1 with 72.42% autonomy, whereas achieving 100% autonomy increased the LCOE to 0.1756 USD/kWh. Additionally, the results reveal that in scenarios SC#2 and SC#3, which have a higher proportion of diesel generator usage, there were elevated levels of NOx and CO2 emissions. Conversely, in SC#1, which lacks diesel generators, emissions were notably lower. The proposed hybrid system demonstrates its potential to provide a reliable energy supply to healthcare facilities in remote regions, emphasizing both economic feasibility and environmental benefits. These findings contribute to informed decision making for sustainable energy solutions in similar contexts, promoting healthcare accessibility and environmental sustainability.
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권구순, LeeSooYeon, and 김요완. "A study on Mental Health Status of Syrian Children and Youth at the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan." Korea Journal of Counseling 17, no. 4 (August 2016): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.17.4.201608.333.
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Hornez, E., P. Ramiara, N. Mocellin, X. Bajard, S. Legoudeveze, C. Charpail, and D. Ollat. "Surgical management of Syria’s war casualties: experience from a French surgical team deployed in the Zaatari refugee camp (Jordan)." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 41, no. 2 (June 21, 2014): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-014-0424-5.
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Bouchghoul, Hanane, Emmanuel Hornez, Xavier Duval-Arnould, Henri-Jean Philippe, and Jacky Nizard. "Humanitarian obstetric care for refugees of the Syrian war. The first 6 months of experience of Gynécologie Sans Frontières in Zaatari Refugee Camp (Jordan)." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 94, no. 7 (April 28, 2015): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12638.
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Heasat, Nadia, and Rawan Al-Qarala. "The Attitudes and Behaviors of Syrian Refugees in Light of the Corona Pandemic." Arts and Social Sciences Series 2, no. 4 (February 12, 2024): 469–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.59759/art.v2i4.413.
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This study aimed to identify the attitudes and behaviors of Syrian refugees in light of the Corona pandemic. The sample consisted of 195 male and female refugees from the inside and outside of Al- Zaatari refugee camp. The sample was chosen purposefully by using the descriptive analytical approach. The study reached a number of results the most important of which are the following: The number of females is greater than the number of males, and most of the refugees were 30-34 years old, and most of the sample members are married and some of them believe that touching others is a cause of infection with the Corona pandemic. The study also revealed that 68% of the refugees believed that the Corona pandemic causes psychological problems in general, and that 90% of refugees believed that the Corona pandemic increased the poverty rate. The refugees believe that wearing a mask is the way to protect individuals from the Corona pandemic, and that washing hands and sterilization is a protection from the Corona virus, and that distancing and not mixing with others, as well as the psychological state are reflected on their health. The refugees believed that most employers abandoned their employees due to the Corona pandemic. In addition, the personality of most refugees was affected by the Corona pandemic. As for the behavior of the refugees in light of the Corona pandemic, they felt depressed, distressed, fearful and anxious about the future. As for the health aspect, many refugees lost their appetite and suffered from headaches. With regard to the social aspect, family problems increased within the family, and that the number of hours of family sitting with each other increased, and the family also became close increased, and each one became aware of his needs and problems s/he suffered from.
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Popescu, Christian, Ayman Bani Mousa, Saverio Bellizzi, Manal Ali, Mohammad N. Alhawarat, Lora Alsawalha, Moutasem Hussainat, et al. "Risk as catalyst for positive change: lessons learnt from public health readiness for cholera in Jordan." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 9 (September 2023): e012282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012282.
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This case study highlights how a looming health crisis was leveraged as drivers for positive change for the health sector, in line with the health security agenda. In Jordan, several authorities are mandated by law to manage health emergencies. Following the declaration of outbreaks of cholera in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria, health authorities in Jordan called for a series of emergency meetings during September 2022 to discuss implications around travel and trade as well as shared waters. WHO was part of the consultations and provided guidance on the application of the International Health Regulations 2005. As the risk for cholera importation persisted, the Ministry of Health assumed its leadership role for the overall health sector response while the Jordanian Center for Disease Control assumed a coordinating function. Roles and responsibilities were enshrined in the National Cholera Preparedness and Response Plan. In consideration of the vulnerability of refugee camps and settlements towards Cholera, the existing Jordan humanitarian coordination platforms such as the Health Sector Working Group were used to share information and to coordinate activities. A whole-of-government risk assessment during December 2022 was complemented by a field visit at Zaatari refugee camp. This helped assess the risk and readiness for a cholera outbreak in Jordan and informed priority activities, such as the establishment of a national risk communication and community engagement working group as well as training on case management.
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AlDayyat, Ebtihal A., Motasem N. Saidan, Zayed Al-Hamamre, Mohammad Al-Addous, and Malek Alkasrawi. "Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 3861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133861.
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The current research focuses on assessing the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion into biofuel using pyrolysis process. The MSW samples were taken from Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp. The physical and chemical characteristics of MSW were studied using proximate and elemental analysis. The results showed that moisture content of MSW is 32.3%, volatile matter (VM) is 67.99%, fixed carbon (FC) content is 5.46%, and ash content is 24.33%. The chemical analysis was conducted using CHNS analyzer and found that the percentage of elements contents: 46% Carbon (C) content, 12% Hydrogen (H2), 2% Nitrogen (N2), 44% Oxygen (O2), and higher heat value (HHV) is 26.14 MJ/kg. The MSW pyrolysis was conducted using tubular fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under inert gas (Nitrogen) at 500 °C with 20 °C/min heating rate and using average particles size 5–10 mm. The products of MSW pyrolysis reaction were: pyrolytic liquid, solid char, and gaseous mixture. The pyrolytic oil and residual char were analyzed using Elemental Analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR showed that oil product has considerable amounts of alkenes, alkanes, and carbonyl groups due to high organic compounds contents in MSW. The elemental analysis results showed that oil product content consists of 55% C, 37% O2, and the HHV is 20.8 MJ/kg. The elemental analysis of biochar showed that biochar content consists of 47% C, 49% O2, and HHV is 11.5 MJ/kg. Further research is recommended to study the effects of parameters as reactor types and operating conditions to assess the feasibility of MSW pyrolysis, in addition to the environmental impact study which is necessary to identify and predict the relevant environmental effects of this process.
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Saidan, Motasem N., Ammar Abu Drais, and Ehab Al-Manaseer. "Solid waste composition analysis and recycling evaluation: Zaatari Syrian Refugees Camp, Jordan." Waste Management 61 (March 2017): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.026.
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Al-Bahloly, Saleem. "The Persistence of the Image: Dhākira Hurra in Dia Azzawi's Drawings on the Massacre of Tel al-Zaatar." ARTMargins 2, no. 2 (June 2013): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00048.
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This article examines the memory-image in a set of drawings produced by the Iraqi artist Dia Azzawi on the massacre of the Palestinian refugee camp, Tel al-Zaatar, during the Lebanese civil war. It traces the development of this memory-image in Iraq in the 1960s, within a paradigm of the modern artwork established by the work of the artist Kadhim Haidar. Generalizing in modern art a mode of allegory from the poetic tradition of the husayniyyat, that paradigm introduced a philosophy of history in which the past was interpreted as a tradition of tragic forms that could be revived in painting as allegories for articulating the experience of contemporary political violence. Within that philosophy of history, Azzawi drew from the epic, Gilgamesh, a formula for representing injustice, one where a victim is emplotted in a narrative of struggle, such that the forms of the victim double as forms of the aggression from which he suffers. This formula comprised the method of representation in Azzawi's drawings on the massacre at Tel al-Zaatar and in his work throughout the 1970s.
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Abu Khudair, Sara, Yousef S. Khader, Hana Morrissey, Ziad El-Khatib, and Janos Sandor. "Factors Associated with Suboptimal Adherence to Hypertensive Medications Among Syrian Refugees – Cross-Sectional Study at the Zaatari Camp, Jordan." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (September 2021): 2125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s327903.
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Abdulhaq, Bayan, Muhammad Hammouri, Dania Abu Hawas, and Latefa Ali Dardas. "Exploring Vaccination Challenges among Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Insights from Camps and Communities, and Perceived Parental Barriers to Childhood Vaccination Uptake." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2024): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020133.
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Purpose: To identify and understand the multifaceted barriers faced by Syrian refugees when seeking vaccination services for their children. Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered through structured interviews to a sample of Syrian refugees residing inside the Al-Zaatari camp and in various urban areas across Jordanian communities. This process utilized a multi-stage sampling approach, beginning with a random selection from clusters or strata, and then employing convenience sampling within each to select participants. The survey covered demographics, barriers to vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy. Results: A total of 332 participants completed the survey with a mean age of 32.7 ± 10 years ranging from 18 to 67. More than half of the sample (59%) had an education of 11th grade or less. Sociodemographic disparities regarding barrier perception were evident among participants. Middle-aged adults (older than 32), males, and those with a monthly income less than USD 200 had scored significantly higher on barrier perceptions across all categories (p < 0.05). In-camp residents were less likely to face vaccination barriers compared to those living outside the camps (p < 0.001). Psychological antecedents of vaccine assessments showed that younger individuals had significantly higher scores in complacency, calculation, and constraints (p < 0.05). Participants with lower income had lower constraints and calculation scores (p < 0.05). In-camp residents had significantly higher scores in complacency, constraints, and calculation constructs compared outside camps counterparts (p < 0.05). Participants with no formal education had higher scores in complacency and constraints, and those with less than a 12th-grade education and higher education degrees scored significantly higher on the collective responsibility construct (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Efforts to promote vaccination among refugees should consider the specific challenges faced by this population, including financial barriers, healthcare access inequalities, and the impact of living arrangements. Public health strategies should address not only individual and psychological factors but also the physical and logistical challenges in obtaining vaccines.
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Thomas, A., ZE Khatib, YS Khader, MA Khudair, SE Halabi, and BC Forsberg. "EE332 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Using a Smartphone Application to Improve Timely Vaccination Among Children in the Zaatari Refugees Camp, Jordan." Value in Health 25, no. 12 (December 2022): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.09.578.
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Jabbar, Sinaria Abdel, and Haidar Ibrahim Zaza. "Evaluating a vocational training programme for women refugees at the Zaatari camp in Jordan: women empowerment: a journey and not an output." International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 21, no. 3 (September 22, 2015): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2015.1077716.
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Saidan, Motasem, Ammar Abu Drais, Ehab AL-Manaseer, Murad Alshishani, and Colette Linton. "Scale and Impacts of Livelihoods Development on Women Empowerment in the Solid Waste Sector of Jordan." Detritus, no. 10 (May 8, 2020): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13943.
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The present study outlines a cohesive compilation of analysis of the involvement of women in decision-making and leadership in the solid waste sector in Jordan. The socio-economic challenges have been catalyzed by the influx of Syrian refugees into the host communities and camps in Jordan. Hence, deterioration of municipal solid waste services have centered on and proposed that women engagement in the Solid Waste (SW) sector to provide opportunities that aim to improve livelihoods by producing an avenue for added income generation through the recycling and sorting scheme; as well as the cost revenue implications for the municipalities. Since 2015, projects added prospects for continued engagement of women and have drastically increased their involvement by filling management positions in the development and operation of municipal SW Transfer Stations (TSs), including heading the design and operation of the TS, and the recycling project. While 54 employment opportunities were created within North Shouneh SW pilot project; 37,794 women jobs of recycling and composting were made available by the cash for work initiative throughout 2016-2017, as well as, 60 women were employed in Zaatari camp. Moreover, when CBOs are directly involved, there has been more opportunity to engage women in employment in the solid waste sector.
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El-Khatib, Ziad, Mohannad Al Nsour, Yousef S. Khader, and Mohammad Abu Khudair. "Mental health support in Jordan for the general population and for the refugees in the Zaatari camp during the period of COVID-19 lockdown." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 12, no. 5 (July 2020): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000813.
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Abdullah Tashtoush, Rami. "The level of psychological and social adjustment among the primary graders for Syrian refugees at Al- Zaatary Camp (Jordan) in light of some variables." International Journal of Research in Education and Psychology 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 140–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijrep/040105.
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Krause, Sandra, Holly Williams, Monica A. Onyango, Samira Sami, Wilma Doedens, Noreen Giga, Erin Stone, and Barbara Tomczyk. "Reproductive health services for Syrian refugees in Zaatri Camp and Irbid City, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: an evaluation of the Minimum Initial Services Package." Conflict and Health 9, Suppl 1 (2015): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-9-s1-s4.
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Maani, Nada. "From Refugee Camp to Resilient City: Zaatari Refugee Camp, Jordan." FOOTPRINT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.10.2.1502.
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This project is about how architecture can transform a refugee camp into a child friendly city designed around existing social networks. The vision is to respond to the refugee crisis with long-term resilient solutions rather than reactionary ones.
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Antonopoulou, Aikaterini. "Situated Knowledges and Shifting Grounds: Questioning the Reality Effect of High-resolution Imagery." field: 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.62471/field.75.
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Donna Haraway has formulated the concept of “situated knowledges” to argue that the perception of any situation is always a matter of an embodied, located subject and their geographically and historically specific perspective, a perspective constantly being structured and restructured by the current conditions. The aim of this paper is to examine different ways of seeing the refugees of the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan through the lens of situated knowledges. It will present high- resolution aerial photos of their settlements as if they could be “anywhere” and it will look at a Virtual Reality short film which provides the viewers with a 360-degree view of the camp, promising an immersive experience, to argue that high-resolution images create distance and generic visions that scarcely foster engagement and situatedness.
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El-Halabi, Soha, Yousef S. Khader, Mohammad Abu Khdeir, Claudia Hanson, Tobias Alfvén, and Ziad El-Khatib. "Children Immunization App (CIMA): A Non-randomized Controlled Trial Among Syrian Refugees in Zaatari Camp, Jordan." Journal of Prevention, January 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10935-023-00721-7.
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AbstractApproximately 20 million children are not vaccinated, especially among refugees. There is a growing access to smartphones, among refugees, which can help in improving their vaccination. We assessed the impact of an app for the vaccination follow-up visit among refugees in Jordan. We developed an app and tested it through a non-randomized trial at the Zaatari refugees camp in Jordan. The study was conducted during March – December 2019 at three vaccination clinics inside the camp. The study included two study groups (intervention and control groups) for refugees living at the camp. The intervention group included parents who own an Android smartphone and have one newborn that require between one and four first vaccination doses and they accepted to participate in the study, during their regular visit to the vaccination clinics. The control group was for the usual care. We compared both study groups for returning back to one follow-up visit, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We recruited 936 babies (n = 471; 50.3% in the intervention group, both study groups were similar at baseline). The majority of mothers were literate (94.2%) with a median age of 24. The majority of the babies had a vaccination card (n = 878, 94%). One quarter (26%) of mother-babies pairs of the intervention group came back within one week (versus 22% for control group); When it comes to lost-follow-up, 22% and 28% did not have a history of returning back (intervention and control groups respectively, p = 0.06) (Relative risk reduction: 19%). The Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis showed a statistically significant progressive reduction in the duration of coming back late for the follow-up vaccine visit. We tested a vaccination app for the first time, in a refugee population setting. The app can be used as a reminder for parents to come back on time for their children’s vaccine follow-up visits.
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Rothe, Delf, Christiane Fröhlich, and Juan Miguel Rodriguez Lopez. "Digital Humanitarianism and the Visual Politics of the Refugee Camp: (Un)Seeing Control." International Political Sociology, October 27, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa021.
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Abstract Digital visual technologies have become an important tool of humanitarian governance. They allow the monitoring of crises from afar, making it possible to detect human rights violations and refugee movements, despite a crisis area being inaccessible. However, the political effects of such “digital humanitarianism” are understudied. This article aims to amend this gap by analyzing which forms of seeing, showing, and governing refugee camps are enabled by digital technologies. To this end, the article combines scholarship on the politics of the refugee camp with the emerging body of work on digital humanitarianism. It proposes the notion of a “visual assemblage of the refugee camp” to conceptualize the increasing adoption of visual technologies in refugee camp governance. Using the two paradigmatic cases of Zaatari and Azraq, two refugee camps for displaced Syrians in Jordan, the text outlines how this visual assemblage enacts the refugee camp in different ways—thus bringing about different versions of the camp. The case study reveals three such enactments of the refugee camp—as a technology of care and control; as a political space; and, as a governmental laboratory—and discusses how these interact and clash in everyday camp life. Les technologies visuelles numériques sont devenues un outil important de la gouvernance humanitaire. Elles permettent de surveiller les crises à distance tout en offrant la possibilité de détecter les violations des droits de l'Homme, les mouvements de réfugiés, etc. malgré l'inaccessibilité de la zone de crise. Les effets politiques d'un tel « humanitarisme numérique » sont toutefois sous-étudiés. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune en analysant les formes de technologies d'observation à distance, d'affichage et de gouvernance qui seraient adaptées au cas des camps de réfugiés. Pour cela, cet article associe une étude portant sur la politique des camps de réfugiés aux travaux émergents sur l'humanitarisme numérique. Il propose la notion « d'assemblage visuel de camp de réfugiés » pour conceptualiser l'adoption croissante des technologies visuelles dans la gouvernance des camps de réfugiés. Ce texte s'appuie sur les deux cas paradigmatiques de Zaatari et Azraq, deux camps de réfugiés pour les Syriens déplacés en Jordanie afin de décrire comment cet assemblage visuel représente les camps de différentes manières, en faisant ainsi apparaître différentes perspectives des camps. L’étude de cas révèle trois représentations des camps: Technologie de soins et de contrôle, Espace politique et Laboratoire gouvernemental. Il aborde ensuite la manière dont ces représentations interagissent et entrent en conflit dans la vie quotidienne des camps. Las tecnologías visuales digitales se han convertido en una importante herramienta de la gestión humanitaria. Permiten observar las situaciones de crisis a distancia y, así, detectar las violaciones de los derechos humanos, los movimientos de refugiados y demás a pesar de que no se pueda acceder a la zona afectada. Sin embargo, los efectos políticos de ese “humanitarismo digital” no se han estudiado lo suficiente. En el artículo se intenta llenar este vacío mediante el análisis de qué formas de ver, mostrar y dominar las tecnologías remotas sirven en el caso de los campos de refugiados. Para esto, el artículo relaciona los estudios sobre las políticas del campo de refugiados con las nuevas investigaciones sobre el humanitarismo digital. Propone la noción de un “montaje visual del campo de refugiados” para conceptualizar la creciente adopción de tecnologías visuales en la gestión de los campos de refugiados. A partir de los casos paradigmáticos de Zaatari y Azraq, dos campos de refugiados para sirios desplazados en Jordania, el texto esboza cómo este montaje visual representa el campo de refugiados de diferentes maneras y da lugar a diversas perspectivas del campo. El estudio de caso revela tres de estas representaciones del campo de refugiados (como una tecnología de cuidado y control, como un espacio político y como un laboratorio gubernamental) y expone cómo estas interactúan y chocan en la vida cotidiana del campo.
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Mehdi, Hariri El, Sellouti Mohamed, Nguadi Jaouad, and Chhoul Hakima. ""The assessment of odontophobia among Syrian refugees at the Moroccan military medical and surgical hospital in the Zaatari camp in Jordan and its influence by post-traumatic stress disorder : about an epidemiological investigation"." Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences 3, no. 7 (July 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jmrhs.v3i7.225.
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Introduction :
Odontophobia is a complex anxiety disorder related to excessive fear of dental care. Of multifactorial origin, it affects more females than males at all ages. Odontophobia can also be associated with other disorders, namely post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is recognized in refugees from civil wars.
Materials and methods :
Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study, carried out during February 2020 at the Syrian refugee camp in Zaatari, Jordan, involving 200 consultants at the dental office to assess their degree of odontophobia and to determine the risk factors associated with this disorder, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Results :
The authors collated 200 subjects of which 125 (62.5%) were phobic with a corah score (> or = to 13) and 75 (37.5%) were non-phobic with a corah score (< to 13). The sex ratio was statistically different between the two populations with a predominance of female sex (p=0.025). odontophobia is also related to the length of time spent in Syria during the civil war, it is observed more in 96 (48%) patients who spent between (13 and 24 months) (p=0.017). Similarly, odontophobia is influenced by post-traumatic stress disorder in its severe form (p=0.011).
Conclusion:
Descriptive and analytical observational epidemiological study showing the high prevalence of odontophobia among Syrian refugees consulting at the dental office of the Moroccan military medical-surgical hospital in Zaatari camp in Jordan and its influence by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Cheung-Gaffney, Elizabeth. "Sports and Humanitarian Development: A Look at Sports Programming in the Refugee Crisis Through a Case Study of KickStart Joy Soccer Project at the Zaatari Refugee Camp." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 28, no. 2 (August 8, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22571.
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The international development community is increasingly looking toward sports programs to play a role in the development of marginalized populations in both disaster and developing contexts. All aspects of the aid community, including governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society, increasingly look toward the growing body of international treatises as a framework to maximize the role that sports programming can play in the lives of marginalized youth. This case study of a soccer program in Zaatari Refugee Camp highlights how the different parts of this movement come together, particularly the international treatises, legal regulations, and public/private partnerships.
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Alkhaled, Sophie, and Innan Sasaki. "Syrian women refugees: coping with indeterminate liminality during forcible displacement." Organization Studies, August 3, 2021, 017084062110402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406211040214.
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This paper examines how forcibly displaced people cope with prolonged liminality through identity work. Our paper is based on a longitudinal multiple case study of women refugees who fled Syria and experienced liminality in Amman-Jordan, The Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan and the United Kingdom. We contribute to the liminality literature by demonstrating how forcibly displaced people respond to extreme structural constraints and maintain cognitive control over their sense of selves during liminality with an end date that is unknown. We develop the concept of liminality by illustrating how the actors were pushed into a state of ‘indeterminate liminality’ and coped by co-constructing it through three forms of identity work – recomposing conflicting memories, reclaiming existence, and repositioning tradition. This enabled them to stretch the boundaries of indeterminate liminality and symbolically restore their familiar past and narratively construct a meaningful future.
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Al Shali, Rashid, Ghulam Qadir, Asalah El Naffar, Batoul Hittini, Aisha Obaid, and Hind Rida. "STAND-ALONE EDUCATIONAL CENTER." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 4, no. 1 (July 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2017.198.
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The world is suffering from the worse refugee crises since World War II as Syria alone has 7.6 million. Out of which 85,000 people (December 2015) are living at Al Zaatari camp located in Jordan near to Jerusalem. A need to design and build a sustainable self-sufficient educational center for the school children was felt. A district wise study and site analysis was performed using geographical information and climate analysis computer tool, Climate Consultant 6.0 to figure out important factors like quantity of ground water, rainfall intensity, solar radiation and sun path at the site. Integrating different sustainable active and passive strategies for energy generation developed building plan. The model was simulated using annual whole building energy modeling software (Safeira â„¢), Photovoltaics can produce 50% of the required energy, natural ventilation and geothermal heat pump can reduce the annual energy consumption by 9.28% and 2% respectively, if used in months in which they are more useful whereas the remaining energy can be covered by wind turbines. With skylights, enough daylight was provided (unlit areas were reduced to 10%) and providing natural ventilation as well. It was concluded that a Stand-Alone refugee center for Syrian refugees at Al Zatari camp is possible and could well be constructed if proper support from international community is provided.
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AlWaer, Husam, Magda Sibley, and Ian Cooper. "The design and use of space in refugee camps: a case study of a contested terrain." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning, April 20, 2023, 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.22.00068.
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The urgency in providing basic shelter for a large, displaced and distressed population frequently means that the design of refugee camps follows a ‘generic top-down framework’ with basic humanitarian and techno-managerial planning strategies rising to the fore. These are usually based on a universal standardization for the allocation of ‘shelter’ and its repetition in a grid-based settlement layout. Camps are planned with an anticipation of removal and disassembly in the short or medium term. The standardization is based on the understanding that a camp is a short-term solution and typically results in a military-style modular spatial hierarchy with formally defined boundaries. This paper is based on a systematic review of literature in the public domain about the Al-Zaatari Syrian refugee camp in Jordan. Despite the originally imposed uniformity, against all odds, the story on the ground at this camp is one of a rapid transformation initially through collective determination. The UN ‘s strictly orthogonal grid was rapidly overlayed and reconfigured to support a preferred way of living anchored in continuity of the previous social and cultural norms of the refugee population. This paper illustrates these processes of adaptation and transformation and examines the evolving distribution of space between occupants, the expansion of opportunities for income generation, and the introduction of new housing typologies and services. Early interventions were collectively initiated. Qver time, the influence of informal market forces led to those with resources gained ascendancy over those with less.
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Salim, Nesreen A., Mariam M. Al-Abdullah, Abeer S. AlHamdan, and Julian D. Satterthwaite. "Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of orthodontic treatment needs among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study." BMC Oral Health 21, no. 1 (June 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01663-4.
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Abstract Background There is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence and pattern of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in Syrian refugee. In this study, extra and intra-oral features of malocclusion and the dental health component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were reported. Methods Examination of 606 Syrian children/adolescents refugees attending Zaatari clinic was carried out (males = 280, females = 326, mean age = 11.84 ± 2.1 years). Subjects not within the age limit, with a history of orthodontic treatment, or with craniofacial anomalies were excluded. Both extra and intra-oral features of malocclusion were assessed. Intra-oral features included inter- and intra-arch occlusal characteristics: crowding, spacing, crossbite, overjet, overbite, molar and canine relationship, incisor relationship, and centerline shift. In addition, the dental health component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was recorded. Gender and age variations in malocclusion characteristics and IOTN grading were tested using chi-square and nonparametric tests respectively (P < 0.05). Results The prevalence of malocclusion was 83.8% (52.6% class I, 24.2% class II, 7% class III). The most common features of malocclusion were crowding (71.1%) followed by centerline shift (52.1%), increased overjet (36.1%), high vertical proportions (34%) and deep overbite (31.2%); there were significant gender and age differences for a number of occlusal traits. The prevalence of moderate to severe need for orthodontic treatment was 67.7%. Conclusions This study provides baseline data on the prevalence of malocclusion in Syrian refugee children/adolescents in Zaatari camp where data concerning oral health of this population are lacking. The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need was high warranting the need for a comprehensive interceptive orthodontic program to prevent increasing oral health problems in the future. This high burden of oral diseases has a negative financial impact on the hosting country which can be reduced through public health interventions and implementing community-based dental healthcare for this underprivileged population.
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Saleh, Lamis. "A Friend or a Foe in Exile: An Experimental Analysis of Punishment in the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3594357.
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Maaroufi, Ayoub, Abdellatif Diai, Ilias El M'rabet, Othmane Laidouni, Mohammed Omari, Hicham Kechna, and Jaouad Laoutid. "Anaesthetic management and surgical care in a field refugee hospital: experience of the Moroccan 1st Field Medical–Surgical hospital at the Zaatari Camp for Syrian refugees." British Journal of Anaesthesia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2022.11.019.
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Salim, Nesreen A., Rasha A. Alamoush, Mariam Mohammad Al-Abdallah, Aya Ahmed Al-Asmar, and Julian D. Satterthwaite. "Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study." BMC Oral Health 21, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01993-3.
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Abstract Background Little is known about the oral disease burden in refugee children and associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the oral hygiene status and prevalence of caries, and to investigate their association with malocclusion characteristics in a child refugee population. Methods 606 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7–19 years, registered as refugees in Jordan and residing in Zaatari camp, were recruited to the study. Oral hygiene and caries status were recorded using DMFT (mean of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) and OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) according to WHO criteria. Oral health results were then cross tabulated with previously reported malocclusion traits for the same study sample (crowding, spacing, contact point deflection and IOTN) to detect any associations. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch test and Post Hoc testing (Gabriel and Games-Howell). Results Overall DMFT and OHI-S were 4.32 and 1.33 respectively with no difference between males and females. Around 40% of the sample showed ≥ 5 DMFT score. 96.1% of the sample either do not brush or brush occasionally: females showed better oral hygiene practices (P = 0.002). No significant differences in DMFT scores were noted for gender or age, other than the 7–9.9 year old group having significantly higher mean DMFT scores than all other age groups (P < 0.01);the mean of OHI-S was not significantly different between different age groups (P = 0.927). Subjects with malocclusion, specifically crowding, contact point deflection and IOTN grades 3, 4 and 5 had higher scores in both arches for OHI-S and DMFT than subjects without malocclusion traits, although this was not statistically significant for DMFT scores. Overall, patients with generalized spacing had a significantly lower OHI-S score than those without spacing (P = 0.021). Significant correlations were found between parameters of intra-arch and inter-arch relationships and oral health indices (DMFT and OHI-S). Conclusion Malocclusion may increase the risk of caries and periodontal disease; the magnitude of this risk is amplified in populations with poor oral health and limited access to oral healthcare services, highlighting the need for preventive and curative oral health programs.
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Salim, Nesreen A., Shroq Hafedh Meyad, Faleh A. Sawair, Julian D. Satterthwaite, and Samiha Sartawi. "Satisfaction with healthcare services among refugees in Zaatari camp in Jordan." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06471-8.
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Abstract Background Feedback on satisfaction regarding healthcare services is vital for continuous improvement of the service delivery process and outcome. Aims and methods The objective of this study was to assess the satisfaction of refugees with the medical and dental services in Zaatari camp, under 3 domains with 20 key indicators (human and physical health resources, interaction and reactivity, and administration) using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Of the 500 participants, the satisfaction rate was 72.5%. Young participants and participants with a shorter stay in the camp showed higher overall satisfaction rates (P ≤ 0.01). Within the domains, ‘interaction and reactivity’ achieved the highest satisfaction score, whereas ‘administration efficiency’ was ranked the lowest. As for elements within the domains, the most acceptable were the sufficient number of staff and the working hours, availability of radiological services and proper care for children, reasonable waiting time and asking for medical history in every visit. Whereas difficulty to access healthcare services, difficulty to be referred to hospitals, lack of follow up and lack of dental services were the least acceptable. Conclusion In conclusion, whereas refugees were generally satisfied with the provided services, this study indicates that there are areas for further service improvement. This study highlights a significant gaps in healthcare services which if not addressed have the potential to amplify oral/medical health problems.