Journal articles: 'Zār'

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Vlajic-Popovic, Jasna. "The interrogative particle zar - from syntax and semantics to etymology." Juznoslovenski filolog 72, no. 1-2 (2016): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1602065v.

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This paper deals with the Serbian interrogative particle zar/zar/zar ?num, forsan?, typically positioned at the beginning of a sentence (expressing surprise, wonder, disbelief, dissent, etc.) or at its end, coupled with ne and separated by a comma (in guided questions, affirmative and negative alike: Ti ga (ne) volis, zar ne?), yet also broadly attested in obsolete use (in the 19-20th-century literature) in modal function, where it is synonymous to valjda, mozda ?perhaps, maybe?. After a review of the ways zar is treated in modern Serbian grammars and descriptive dictionaries (including several dialectal dictionaries), and following research of Macedonian, Bulgarian and Turkish dictionaries, its etymology is discussed: Skok?s unconvincing idioglottal interpretation is refuted, and Resetar?s idea is reintroduced (prevoiusly rejected by Skok, questioned by Elezovic, accepted in the RJA) that zar, along with its obliterated forms zaer, zajer, zaher, should be traced back to Turkish zahir adv. ?apparently, clearly, evidently?, ?seemingly, perhaps, maybe?. The semantic-syntactic evolution of the loanword within the Serbian language is illustrated, and hence the alloglottal etymology corroborated, by a selection of quotes from folklore and eminent 19-20th-century writers. And finally, as the most likely, the paper offers the interpretation of this particle as a hybrid formation resulting from contamination by the Turkisms of an idioglottal zar, which could be related to archaic Polish za? < PSl. *za-ze.

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Brown, Reginald B. "The “Zair” Process." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 44, no. 8 (October 22, 2008): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1928.tb01508.x.

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Šugar, Danijel, Željko Bačić, and Iva Dasović. "Geodetic and seismological analysis of the CROPOS ZAGR station kinematics during the Zagreb 2020 ML 5.5 earthquake." Geofizika 38, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2021.38.10.

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The CROPOS’s ZAGR stations, one of 33 stations of the Croatian permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) network CROPOS (Croatian Positioning System), is located in Zagreb’s city centre. For the first time, motion of one of the CROPOS stations (the ZAGR station) during an earthquake shake (the Zagreb 2020 ML5.5) was analysed by the PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) method using all available GNSS signals (GPS – Global Positioning System, GLONASS – GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistem, Galileo, Bei-Dou) and seismologically interpreted. The ZAGR station is situated about 9 km to the south-southeast of the earthquake’s epicentre. The analysis showed that the station’s movements, i.e. combined surface and building motion, during the shake was far above the noise level and enabled the assessment of the station’s kinematics: movements in the range of approx. 13 cm in direction north–south (N–S) and approx. 6 cm in direction east–west (E–W). However, movements in the vertical direction were slightly above the noise level. Even though the ZAGR station kinematic behaviour was pronounced, no permanent displacement was identified. The seismological analysis showed that the ZAGR station recorded the onset of the SV-waves on the N–S component, surface waves on the N–S (predominantly Rayleigh waves) and E–W (mainly Love waves) components. The resolution of 1 s of the results of the PPK method have enabled a thorough analysis of the ZAGR station kinematics and pointed out the usefulness of the method in earthquake observations.

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Gowan, Taylor A., John D. Horel, Alexander A. Jacques, and Adair Kovac. "Using Cloud Computing to Analyze Model Output Archived in Zarr Format." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 39, no. 4 (April 2022): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0106.1.

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Abstract Numerical weather prediction centers rely on the Gridded Binary Second Edition (GRIB2) file format to efficiently compress and disseminate model output as two-dimensional grids. User processing time and storage requirements are high if many GRIB2 files with size O(100 MB, where B = bytes) need to be accessed routinely. We illustrate one approach to overcome such bottlenecks by reformatting GRIB2 model output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction to a cloud-optimized storage type, Zarr. Archives of the original HRRR GRIB2 files and the resulting Zarr stores on Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) are available publicly through the Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative. Every hour, the HRRR model produces 18- or 48-hourly GRIB2 surface forecast files of size O(100 MB). To simplify access to the grids in the surface files, we reorganize the HRRR model output for each variable and vertical level into Zarr stores of size O(1 MB), with chunks O(10 kB) containing all forecast lead times for 150 × 150 gridpoint subdomains. Open-source libraries provide efficient access to the compressed Zarr stores using cloud or local computing resources. The HRRR-Zarr approach is illustrated for common applications of sensible weather parameters, including real-time alerts for high-impact situations and retrospective access to output from hundreds to thousands of model runs. For example, time series of surface pressure forecast grids can be accessed using AWS cloud computing resources approximately 40 times as fast from the HRRR-Zarr store as from the HRRR-GRIB2 archive. Significance Statement The rapid evolution of computing power and data storage have enabled numerical weather prediction forecasts to be generated faster and with more detail than ever before. The increased temporal and spatial resolution of forecast model output can force end users with finite memory and storage capabilities to make pragmatic decisions about which data to retrieve, archive, and process for their applications. We illustrate an approach to alleviate this access bottleneck for common weather analysis and forecasting applications by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) to store output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model in Zarr format. Zarr is a relatively new data storage format that is flexible, compressible, and designed to be accessed with open-source software either using cloud or local computing resources. The HRRR-Zarr dataset is publicly available as part of the AWS Sustainability Data Initiative.

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Atkinson, Amy. "Roomies by Sara Zarr." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, no. 4 (2013): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2013.0862.

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Šolak, Zdravko. "Rečca zar u Krležinoj zbirci priča Hrvatski bog Mars." Fluminensia 31, no. 2 (2019): 353–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.31.2.13.

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Posmatran je ukupan skup javljanja rečce zar u Krležinoj zbirci priča Hrvatski bog Mars. Pri osnovnom pregledu tog skupa jasno su uočene kvantitativne karakteristike: neravnomeran raspored reči zar po pojedinim pričama u zbirci, pojava mesta koncentracije na kojim javljanja rečce zar dolaze u blizini jedno drugog, zatim asimetrija javljanja kada je u pitanju raspored javljanja rečce zar u govoru pojedinih likova u priči. Tipična situacija u čijem je opisu upotrebljena rečca zar jeste oficirsko obraćanje vojnicima. Ona je doprinela da se u tom obraćanju iskažu: prekor, ruženje, uvrede, ispoljavanje besa, psovke, pretnje. Rečca zar se takođe javljala i u unutrašnjim monolozima, kao i u razgovorima koje vojnici vode među sobom. Upotreba rečce zar znatno je doprinela karakterizaciji likova kada su u pitanju oficiri. Njena upotreba omogućila je da u opisu do izražaja dođe živost razgovora koje vode vojnici, kao i da se opiše preispitivanje kojem su u trenucima osame podložni i oficiri i vojnici.

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Sahruji, Ilham, and Johan Septian Putra. "SIRAJUDDIN ZAR THINKING CONSTRUCTION ABOUT COSMOLOGY." Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/zjpi.v8i2.4494.

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AbstrakTujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan landasan pemikiran Sirajuddin Zar; menganalisis faktor-faktor mempengaruhi pemikiran Sirajuddin Zar tentang kosmologi; dan menjelasakan corak pemikiran kosmologi dari Sirajuddin Zar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan penggunaan metode deskriptif-analitis, induksi dan holistika. Data primer dari kajian ini adalah karya Sirajuddin Zar yaitu Konsep Penciptaan Alam dalam Pemikiran Islam Sains dan al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini didukung dengan data sekunder berupa buku dan jurnal berkaitan dengan tajuk kajian dalam artikel ini. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan beberapa hal tentang konstruksi pemikiran Sirajuddin Zar yaitu; pertama, pemikiran kosmologi Sirajuddin Zar berlandaskan sumber dari al-Qur’an, para filsuf Islam masa klasik dan ilmu sains. kedua, pemikiran kosmologi Sirajuddin dipengaruhi oleh gurunya yaitu; Harun Nasution, Quraish Shihab dan Ahmad Baiquni serta mereferensi dari buku teologi Islam, filsafat Islam dan tafsir al-Qur’an. Ketiga, corak kosmologi Sirajuddin Zar diposisikan sebagai rasional empiris.Kata Kunci: Konstruksi, Kosmologi, Sirajuddin Zar AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the rationale of Sirajuddin Zar; analyze the factors influencing Sirajuddin Zar's thoughts on cosmology; explain the cosmological thinking style of Sirajuddin Zar. This research is library research using descriptive-analytical, induction, and holistic methods. The primary data of this study is the work of Sirajuddin Zar, namely the Concept of Creation of Nature in Islamic Thought, Science, and the Qur'an. This research is supported by secondary data in the form of books and journals related to the title of the study in this article. The results of the study explain several things about the construction of Sirajuddin Zar's thoughts, namely; First, Sirajuddin Zar's cosmological thinking is based on sources from the Qur'an, classical Islamic philosophers, and science. second, Sirajuddin's cosmological thinking was influenced by his teacher, namely; Harun Nasution, Quraish Shihab, and Ahmad Baiquni as well as references from books on Islamic theology, Islamic philosophy, and interpretation of the Qur'an. Third, Sirajuddin Zar's cosmological style is positioned as empirically rational.Keywords: Construction, Cosmology, Sirajuddin Zar

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Ihlenfeld, Janet T. "Zahr LK. The Relationship Between." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 11, no. 4 (July 1992): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-199207000-00003.

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Chifurira, Retius, Knowledge Chinhamu, and Dorah Dubihlela. "Co-integration analysis with structural breaks: South Africa’s gold mining index and USD/ZAR exchange rate." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(3).2016.11.

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This paper examines the presence of cointegration between South African gold mining index and USD/ZAR exchange rate. The results show that gold index and USD/ZAR exchange rate series are both I(1) and are cointegrated. The Granger causality test shows a two-way directional causality between gold index and USD/ZAR exchange rate for the period 9 June 2005-9 June 2015. By accounting for possible structural breaks, the Zivot-Andrews unit root test suggests two different breaking points in the data. By using the breaking dates to divide the dataset into 3 sub-periods, the results show that gold index and USD/ZAR exchange rate series are not cointegrated. The Granger causality test shows no causality between the two variables. This finding suggests that gold mining index does not play a key role in explaining the trends in the exchange rate and likewise exchange rate does not affect gold mining index. Keywords: USD/ZAR exchange rate, gold mining index, unit root tests, breaking points, cointegration. JEL Classification: F3, F4, F63, O47

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Coats, Karen. "Gem & Dixie by Sara Zarr." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 70, no. 8 (2017): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2017.0323.

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Stevenson, Deborah. "Goodbye from Nowhere by Sara Zarr." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 8 (2020): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2020.0304.

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Yar, Mustafa, Syed Waqas Haider, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Tufail, and Sajid Rahman. "Reservoir Characterization of Sand Intervals of Lower Goru Formation Using Petrophysical Studies; A Case Study of Zaur-03 Well, Badin Block, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss3.2019.320.

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Present study deals with petrophysical interpretation of Zaur-03 well for reservoir characterization of sandintervals of Lower Goru Formation in Badin Block, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. Early Cretaceous Lower GoruFormation is the distinct reservoir that is producing hydrocarbons for two decades. Complete suite of wireline logsincluding GR log, Caliper log, SP log, Resistivity logs (MSFL, LLS, LLD), Neutron log and Density log along withwell tops and complete drilling parameters were analyzed in this study. The prime objective of this study was to markzones of interest that could act as reservoir and to evaluate reservoir properties including shale volume (Vsh), porosity(ϕ), water saturation (Sw), hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) and net pay thickness. Based on Petrophysical evaluation threezones have been marked in Lower Goru Formation, A Sand (1890m to 1930m), B-sand (1935m to 2010) and C-sand(2015m to 2100m). The average calculated parameters for evaluation of reservoir properties of Zaur-03 well depicts anaverage porosity of 8.92% and effective porosity of 4.81%. Water Saturation is calculated as 28.54% and HydrocarbonsSaturation is 71.46%. Analysis shows that Sh in Zaur-03 well is high so the production of hydrocarbons iseconomically feasible.

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Yar, Mustafa, Syed Waqas Haider, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Tufail, and Sajid Rahman. "Reservoir Characterization of Sand Intervals of Lower Goru Formation Using Petrophysical Studies; A Case Study of Zaur-03 Well, Badin Block, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i3.320.

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Present study deals with petrophysical interpretation of Zaur-03 well for reservoir characterization of sandintervals of Lower Goru Formation in Badin Block, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. Early Cretaceous Lower GoruFormation is the distinct reservoir that is producing hydrocarbons for two decades. Complete suite of wireline logsincluding GR log, Caliper log, SP log, Resistivity logs (MSFL, LLS, LLD), Neutron log and Density log along withwell tops and complete drilling parameters were analyzed in this study. The prime objective of this study was to markzones of interest that could act as reservoir and to evaluate reservoir properties including shale volume (Vsh), porosity(ϕ), water saturation (Sw), hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) and net pay thickness. Based on Petrophysical evaluation threezones have been marked in Lower Goru Formation, A Sand (1890m to 1930m), B-sand (1935m to 2010) and C-sand(2015m to 2100m). The average calculated parameters for evaluation of reservoir properties of Zaur-03 well depicts anaverage porosity of 8.92% and effective porosity of 4.81%. Water Saturation is calculated as 28.54% and HydrocarbonsSaturation is 71.46%. Analysis shows that Sh in Zaur-03 well is high so the production of hydrocarbons iseconomically feasible.

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Fuentes, Abraham, Benjamín Vargas, Celso E. Cruz, Verónica Estrella, Irineo P. Zaragoza, and Miriam Aguilar. "Efecto del calor de entrada sobre la microestructura y microdureza en uniones soldadas GTAW-P robotizadas para acero HSLA." Quimica Hoy 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/qh10.2-119.

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El efecto del calor de entrada (Qnet) sobre la calidad, microestructura y dureza Vickers en uniones soldadas con doble cordón robotizadas GTAW-P en acero aleado variando la corriente de soldadura, voltaje del arco, velocidad de soldadura y precalentamiento fue evaluado mediante inspección visual, estereoscopia, microscopia óptica y prueba de microdureza. Los resultados indicaron que Qnet alto (0.600 kJ/mm) favoreció unión GTAW5 con adecuada calidad, sin defectos, menor ancho de zona afectada por calor recalentada (ZACR) promedio (2.43 mm) con formación de ferrita de grano grueso y martensita con mayor microdureza promedio de 597 HV, mientras que en metal de soldadura se observaron agujas finas de martensita y granos alargados de ferrita primaria resultando la mayor dureza (644 HV). Sin embargo, con el mayor Qnet (0.645 kJ/mm) se generó corrida GTAW7 produciendo mayor ancho de ZAC (4.41 mm) con socavado y microestructura de ferritas idiomorfica y de grano fino resultando la menor dureza (536 HV), así como soldadura conteniendo ferritas acicular y primaria generando 540 HV. Se encontraron dos perfiles de microdureza: tipo A donde la ZACR alcanzo mayor dureza que metal de soldadura y tipo B con mayor endurecimiento en soldadura que en ZACR

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Shingwenyana, Rhulani, Ayanda N. Shabalala, Ryneth Mbhele, and Vhahangwele Masindi. "Techno-Economic Analysis of the Reclamation of Drinking Water and Valuable Minerals from Acid Mine Drainage." Minerals 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121352.

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The concept of circular economy in wastewater treatment has recently attracted immense interest and this is primarily fueled by the ever-growing interest to minimise ecological footprints of mining activities and metallurgical processes. In light of that, countries such as the Republic of South Africa, China, Australia, and the United States are at the forefront of water pollution due to the generation of notorious acid mine drainage (AMD). The disposal of AMD to different receiving environments constitutes a severe threat to the receiving ecosystem thus calling for prudent intervention to redress the prevailing challenges. Recent research emphasises the employment of wastewater treatment, beneficiation and valorisation. Herein, the techno-economic evaluation of the reclamation of clean water and valuable minerals from AMD using the Magnesite Softening and Reverse Osmosis (MASRO) process was reported. The total capital expenditure (CAPEX) for the plant is ZAR 452,000 (USD 31,103.22) which includes ZAR 110,000 (USD 7569.37) for civil works on a plant area of 100 m2. The operational expenditure (OPEX) for the pilot is 16,550,000 ZAR (South African Rand) or USD 1,138,845.72 in present value terms (10 years plant life). The plant reclaimed drinking water as specified in different water quality standards, guidelines, and specifications, including Fe-based minerals (goethite, magnetite, and hematite), Mg-gypsum, and calcium carbonate. These minerals were verified using state-of-the-art analytical equipment. The recovered valuables will be sold at ZAR 368/kL (USD 25.32), ZAR 1100/t (USD 75.69), and ZAR 2000/t (USD 137.62) for water, gypsum, and limestone, respectively. The project has an NPV of ZAR 60,000 (USD 4128.75) at an IRR of 26%. The payback period for this investment will take 3 years. The total power consumption per day was recorded to be 146.6 kWh, and 103,288 kWh/annum. In conclusion, findings of this work will significantly contribute to improving the sustainability of the mining sector by proposing economically feasible solutions for wastewater streams treatment, beneficiation, and valorisation.

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Shandu, Philani, Gideon Boako, and Paul Alagidede. "Price leadership in the South African foreign-exchange market: an empirical analysis." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 87–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-07-2016-0173.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the information-based microstructure theory’s effectiveness in explaining short-term disturbances in currency prices by determining whether the price discovery process in the US dollar (USD) and South African rand (ZAR)-USD/ZAR spot market is led by an individual market agent, around an exogenous news event. Design/methodology/approach The influence of central bank intervention-related events on USD/ZAR volatility is investigated through the application of Brown-Forsythe variance equality tests on individual dealer and market quotes. Furthermore, the study applies bivariate Granger-causality tests to individual dealers’ USD/ZAR spot rate quotes, in an effort to determine whether certain dealers can be established as price leaders around an exogenous news event. Findings The study finds significant evidence to suggest the USD/ZAR market price leadership of Nomura forex (FX) prior to the public announcement of a South African Reserve Bank intervention-related news event. This finding supports microstructure theory’s assertions regarding the existence of foreign-exchange market characteristics such as trader heterogeneity and private information. Research limitations/implications The paper is conducted on a sample of eight USD/ZAR market agents, of which six are offshore dealers, and only two are located locally. Although these proportions are somewhat relatable to the locations of rand turnover, it would still be interesting to investigate the existence of price leadership solely amongst South African authorised FX dealers. Practical implications The results suggest the existence and price relevance of private information, as well as the heterogeneous nature of USD/ZAR market participants, based on informational asymmetries. The outcomes of the paper are useful to market participants, researchers, and central banks alike. Originality/value Though the study does not impugn the body of work related to the orthodox macroeconomic approaches to exchange rate determination, it seems apparent that much more microstructure-related research still has to be conducted in the context of emerging market currencies. It is this void that the current study has attempted to provide for in contribution to literature.

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Gerharz, Elmar W. "Putin und der Zar." Uro-News 26, no. 10 (October 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00092-022-5500-2.

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Jackson, Donald A. "Biostatistical Analysis.Jerrold H. Zar." Quarterly Review of Biology 73, no. 3 (September 1998): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420409.

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Kohli-Lynch, Ciaran N., Agnes Erzse, B. Rayner, and Karen J. Hofman. "Hypertension in the South African public healthcare system: a cost-of-illness and burden of disease study." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e055621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055621.

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ObjectivesTo quantify the health and economic burden of hypertension in the South African public healthcare system.SettingAll inpatient, outpatient and rehabilitative care received in the national public healthcare system.ParticipantsAdults, aged ≥20 years, who receive care in the public healthcare system.OutcomesWorksheet-based models synthesised data from multiple sources to estimate the burden of disease, direct healthcare costs, and societal costs associated with hypertension. Results were disaggregated by sex.ResultsApproximately 8.22 million (30.8%, 95% CI 29.5% to 32.1%) South African adults with no private health insurance have hypertension. Hypertension was estimated to cause 14 000 (95% CI 11 100 to 17 200) ischaemic heart disease events, 13 300 (95% CI 10 600 to 16 300) strokes and 6100 (95% CI 4970 to 7460) cases of chronic kidney disease annually. Rates of hypertension, hypertension-related stroke and hypertension-related chronic kidney disease were greater for women compared with men.The direct healthcare costs associated with hypertension were estimated to be ZAR 10.1 billion (95% CI 8.98 to 11.3 billion) or US$0.711 billion (95% CI 0.633 to 0.793 billion). Societal costs were estimated to be ZAR 29.4 billion (95% CI 26.0 to 33.2 billion) or US$2.08 billion (95% CI 1.83 to 2.34 billion). Direct healthcare costs were greater for women (ZAR 6.11 billion or US$0.431 billion) compared with men (ZAR 3.97 billion or US$0.280 billion). Conversely, societal costs were lower for women (ZAR 10.5 billion or US$0.743 billion) compared with men (ZAR 18.9 billion or US$1.33 billion).ConclusionHypertension exerts a heavy health and economic burden on South Africa. Establishing cost-effective best practice guidelines for hypertension treatment requires further research. Such research will be essential if South Africa is to make progress in its efforts to implement universal healthcare.

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Opfermann, A. "ZAIR, NICHOLAS: Oscan in the Greek Alphabet." Kratylos 66, no. 1 (2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29091/kratylos/2021/1/6.

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Asri, A., A. Aittaleb, and J. M. Duplan. "LA RACE BOVINE MAROCAINE BLONDE D'OULMÈS-ZAËR." Animal Genetic Resources Information 8 (April 1991): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003102.

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RÉSUMÉLa race bovine marocaine Blonde d'Oulmès-Zaër, race traditionnelle et originale du Moyen-Atlas, est exploitée pour son lait et sa viande en conditions difficiles. Comptant 8000 vaches environ dans les communes de Boukachmir et d'Oulmès, dans la province de Khemisset, elle est l'objet d'un programme de conservation et d'amélioration génétique cohérent pouvant servir de point de départ à la revitalisation de cette région attachante.

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MAHMOOD, AHMED. "Emplacement of the zoned Zaer pluton, Morocco." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 7 (1985): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<931:eotzzp>2.0.co;2.

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Luković, Slađana, Aleksandar Baucal, and Branka Tišma. "Dinamičko procenjivanje zone narednog razvoja testom za ispitivanje prvaka-1 (TIP-1)." Primenjena psihologija 6, no. 4 (December 26, 2013): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2013.4.371-383.

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Osnovni predmet rada jeste ispitivanje mogućnosti primene instrumenta TIP-1 za dinamičko procenjivanje zone narednog razvoja. U okviru istraživanja su za svako dete dobijeni podaci o zoni aktuelnog razvoja (ZAR) i, uz odgovarajuće modifikacije procedure ispitivanja, o zoni narednog razvoja (ZNR). Rezultati pokazuju da su ZAR i ZNR u pozitivnoj korelaciji (r = .50), što je veća ZAR veća je i ZNR i obrnuto, što je slabije samostalno postignuće u manjoj meri dete napreduje i u saradnji sa kompetentnijim odraslim. Rezultati su u skladu sa očekivanjima formulisanim na osnovu teorije Vigotskog, kao i sa rezultatima nekih prethodnih istraživanja. Na osnovu istraživanja definisane su i praktične preporuke za psihologe koji se bave predškolskim testiranjem zrelosti za polazak u školu.

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Wagner, Martin, and Benjamin Conrad. "Scheine drucken, Schätze evakuieren. Kontingenzbewältigung in Russland angesichts der Bedrohung St. Petersburgs 1812." Historische Zeitschrift 312, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 62–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2021-0003.

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Zusammenfassung Im Sommer 1812 sah das Russische Reich einer militärischen wie finanziellen Katastrophe entgegen. Noch bevor die napoleonische Grande Armée russisches Territorium betrat, hatte sich das Russische Imperium, erschüttert durch vergangene Kriege, in einer tiefen Schuldenkrise befunden. Mit dem Vormarsch der französischen Truppen geriet das Zarenreich zudem an den Rand der militärischen Niederlage. Russland stand einer doppelten Krise gegenüber – dem drohenden Staatsbankrott wie der erwarteten Eroberung seiner Hauptstadt. Denn anders als die Meistererzählung jüngerer Darstellungen nahelegt, gingen Zar Alexander I. und seine Berater davon aus, Napoleon werde St. Petersburg – und nicht etwa Moskau – angreifen und erobern können. Wie bewältige Zar Alexander I. die Kontingenz der Krise? Der Ungewissheit über den Fortgang des Krieges und der Unsicherheit seiner finanziellen Verteidigungsressourcen, zweier ineinander verschränkter Bedrohungen, begegnete der Zar durch aktives Zukunftshandeln: Binnen weniger Tage verordnete er, Schätze und Geldreserven aus St. Petersburg zu evakuieren und Assignaten in großer Stückzahl zur Kriegsfinanzierung zu drucken. Die Strategien finanzpolitischer und evakuatorischer Prävention lassen erkennen, wie der Zar seinen Staat verstand, wie es seinen Beamten gelang, die Verteidigungs- und Regierungsfähigkeit des Reiches zu wahren und welchen Anteil die zivile Verwaltung daran hatte, die Niederlage Russlands 1812 abzuwenden.

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Gibbs, Naomi, Colin Angus, Simon Dixon, Charles DH Parry, Petra S. Meier, Micheal Kofi Boachie, and Stéphane Verguet. "Equity impact of minimum unit pricing of alcohol on household health and finances among rich and poor drinkers in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 1 (January 2022): e007824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007824.

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IntroductionSouth Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol would be an effective policy, but high levels of income inequality raise concerns about equity impacts. This paper quantifies the equity impact of MUP on household health and finances in rich and poor drinkers in South Africa.MethodsWe draw from extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) methods and an epidemiological policy appraisal model of MUP for South Africa to simulate the equity impact of a ZAR 10 MUP over a 20-year time horizon. We estimate the impact across wealth quintiles on: (i) alcohol consumption and expenditures; (ii) mortality; (iii) government healthcare cost savings; (iv) reductions in cases of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and household savings linked to reduced health-related workplace absence.ResultsWe estimate MUP would reduce consumption more among the poorest than the richest drinkers. Expenditure would increase by ZAR 353 000 million (1 US$=13.2 ZAR), the poorest contributing 13% and the richest 28% of the increase, although this remains regressive compared with mean income. Of the 22 600 deaths averted, 56% accrue to the bottom two quintiles; government healthcare cost savings would be substantial (ZAR 3.9 billion). Cases of CHE averted would be 564 700, 46% among the poorest two quintiles. Indirect cost savings amount to ZAR 51.1 billion.ConclusionsA MUP policy in South Africa has the potential to reduce harm and health inequality. Fiscal policies for population health require structured policy appraisal, accounting for the totality of effects using mathematical models in association with ECEA methodology.

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Michaux, Geneviève, Albert Mwembo-Tambwe, Zakaria Belrhiti, Francis Monet, and Bart Criel. "Développement des Zones de Santé d’Apprentissage et de Recherche en République Démocratique du Congo : enseignements utiles d’une évaluation qualitative des expériences antérieures en Afrique Subsaharienne." Global Health Promotion 27, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975918784537.

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Trois Zones d’Apprentissage et de Recherche (ZAR) sont développées par le programme RIPSEC en République Démocratique duCongo (RDC). Cette stratégie consiste à utiliser un district sanitaire comme substrat pour former des managers des districts de santé et mener des recherches sur les systèmes de santé. L’objet de cet article est d’explorer les principes, les effets et les conditions de succès de cette stratégie à travers une évaluation qualitative des expériences ZAR antérieures en Afrique Subsaharienne. Elle concerne quatre expériences, deux menées au Niger, une en RDC et une au Congo-Brazzaville. Les données proviennent des témoignages de responsables du développement des expériences, présentés dans un séminaire en 2014 et approfondis par des entretiens en 2015, et des publications traitant des expériences. Les faits communs aux quatre expériences sont la diffusion nationale et souvent internationale des bonnes pratiques et des modèles organisationnels, leur développement inscrit dans le long-terme et l’implication des managers des ZAR dans tous les volets de leur transformation. Le centrage de la recherche sur les problèmes de la ZAR et la promotion de la réflexivité dans les décisions managériales sont importants pour cette transformation. L’utilisation des résultats par le programme RIPSEC, les logiques imbriquées dans le concept ZAR et l’apport potentiel de l’implication d’écoles de santé publiques nationales dans leur développement sont ensuite discutés. La validité de l’étude est limitée mais renforcer le leadership des managers des districts sanitaires est un défi fréquent pour les systèmes de santé aux ressources limitées. Cet article peut aider à développer une stratégie pour le renforcer.

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Chicco, Adam J., Micah S. Johnson, Casey J. Armstrong, Joshua M. Lynch, Ryan T. Gardner, Geoff S. Fasen, Cody P. Gillenwater, and Russell L. Moore. "Sex-specific and exercise-acquired cardioprotection is abolished by sarcolemmal KATP channel blockade in the rat heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, no. 5 (May 2007): H2432—H2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01301.2006.

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The present study was conducted to determine whether the infarct sparing effect of short-term exercise is dependent on the operation of the myocardial sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exercised on a motorized treadmill for 5 days. Twenty-four hours following the training or sedentary period, hearts were isolated and exposed to 1 h of regional ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion on a modified Langendorf apparatus in the presence or absence of the sarcolemmal KATP channel antagonist HMR-1098 (30 μM). Following the ischemia-reperfusion protocol, infarct size was determined as a percentage of the total ischemic zone at risk (ZAR). Short-term exercise reduced infarct size by 24% in males (32 ± 2% of ZAR; P < 0.01) and by 18% in females (26 ± 2% of ZAR; P < 0.05). Sarcolemmal KATP channel blockade abolished the training-induced cardioprotection in both males and females, increasing infarct size to 43 ± 3% and 52 ± 4% of ZAR, respectively. In the absence of HMR-1098, infarct size was significantly lower in sedentary females than in males (33 ± 4% vs. 42 ± 2% of ZAR, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the presence of HMR-1098 abolished this sex difference, increasing infarct size by 58% in the sedentary females ( P < 0.01) but having no effect on infarct size in sedentary males. This study demonstrates that the sex-specific and exercise-acquired resistance to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is dependent on sarcolemmal KATP activity during ischemia.

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Al-Adawi, Samir H., Rodger G. Martin, Ahmed Al-Salmi, and Harith Ghassani. "Zar: Group distress and healing." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 4, no. 1 (May 2001): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674670124303.

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Jackson, Donald A. "Biostatistical Analysis. Jerrold H. Zar." Quarterly Review of Biology 75, no. 4 (December 2000): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393742.

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Van Heerden, Chris, and André Heymans. "The relationship between the forward and realised spot exchange rate in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i1.312.

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It is well known that the forward exchange rate and the realised future spot exchange rate differ. This phenomenon is better known as the exchange rate puzzle. Two approaches were followed to ascertain whether this difference is due to the weak explanatory ability of current economic fundamentals or whether the use of an ineffective econometric approach to model exchange rate theories is to blame. The first approach makes use of stationary economic time series data to model the ZAR/USD realised future spot exchange rate, while the second uses non-stationary level economic data to model the ZAR/USD realised future spot exchange rate. While the first approach reported weak results, the second approach illustrated that economic fundamentals are able to explain the ZAR/USD realised future spot exchange rate. These results also confirm that the exchange rate puzzle is a pseudoproblem.

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Kong, V., C. Aldous, J. Handley, and D. Clarke. "The cost effectiveness of early management of acute appendicitis underlies the importance of curative surgical services to a primary healthcare programme." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 4 (May 2013): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588413x13511609958415.

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Introduction Appendicitis in the developing world is a cause of significant preventable morbidity. This prospective study from a regional hospital in South Africa constructs a robust cost model that demonstrates the cost effectiveness of an efficient curative surgical service in a primary healthcare-orientated system. Methods A prospective audit of all patients with acute appendicitis admitted to Edendale Hospital was undertaken from September 2010 to September 2011. A microcosting approach was used to construct a cost model based on the estimated cost of operative and perioperative interventions together with the associated hospital stay. For cost analysis, patients were divided into the following cohorts: uncomplicated appendicitis, complicated appendicitis with localised intra-abdominal sepsis, complicated appendicitis with generalised intra-abdominal sepsis, with and without intensive care unit admission. Results Two hundred patients were operated on for acute appendicitis. Of these, 36% (71/200) had uncomplicated appendicitis and 57% (114/200) had perforation. Pathologies other than appendicitis were present in 8% (15/200) and these patients were excluded. Of the perforated appendices, 45% (51/114) had intra-abdominal contamination that was localised while 55% (63/114) generalised sepsis. The mean cost for each patient was: 6,578 ZAR (£566) for uncomplicated appendicitis; 14,791 ZAR (£1,272) for perforation with localised intra-abdominal sepsis and 34,773 ZAR (£2,990) for perforation with generalised intra-abdominal sepsis without intensive care admission. With intensive care admission it was 77,816 ZAR (£6,692). The total cost of managing acute appendicitis was 4,272,871 ZAR (£367,467). Almost 90% of this total cost was owing to advanced disease with abdominal sepsis and therefore potentially preventable. Conclusions Early uncomplicated appendicitis treated appropriately carries little morbidity and is relatively inexpensive to treat. As the pathology progresses, the cost rises exponentially. An efficient curative surgical service must be regarded as a cost effective component of a primary healthcare orientated system.

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Natvig, Richard. "Oromos, Slaves, and the Zar Spirits: A Contribution to the History of the Zar Cult." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 4 (1987): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219657.

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Olamijuwon, Emmanuel Olawale. "Characterizing low effort responding among young African adults recruited via Facebook advertising." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e0250303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250303.

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Multiple studies have successfully used Facebook’s advertising platform to recruit study participants. However, very limited methodological discussion exists regarding the magnitude of low effort responses from participants recruited via Facebook and African samples. This study describes a quasi-random study that identified and enrolled young adults in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa between 22 May and 6 June 2020, based on an advertisement budget of 9,000.00 ZAR (US $521.44). The advertisements attracted over 900,000 views, 11,711‬ unique clicks, 1190 survey responses, and a total of 978 completed responses from young adults in the three countries during the period. Competition rates on key demographic characteristics ranged from 82% among those who attempted the survey to about 94% among eligible participants. The average cost of the advertisements was 7.56 ZAR (US $0.43) per survey participant, 8.68 ZAR (US $0.50) per eligible response, and 9.20 ZAR (US $0.53) per complete response. The passage rate on the attention checks varied from about 50% on the first question to as high as 76% on the third attention check question. About 59% of the sample passed all the attention checks, while 30% passed none of the attention checks. Results from a truncated Poisson regression model suggest that passage of attention checks was significantly associated with demographically relevant characteristics such as age and sex. Overall, the findings contribute to the growing body of literature describing the strengths and limitations of online sample frames, especially in developing countries.

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Brown, David A., Korinne N. Jew, Genevieve C. Sparagna, Timothy I. Musch, and Russell L. Moore. "Exercise training preserves coronary flow and reduces infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in rat heart." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 6 (December 2003): 2510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00487.2003.

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The effect of endurance training on the resistance of the heart to left ventricular (LV) functional deficit and infarction after a transient regional ischemia and subsequent reperfusion was examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an endurance exercise training (Tr) group or a sedentary (Sed) control group. After 20 wk of training, hearts were excised, perfused, and instrumented for assessment of LV mechanical function, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded to induce a transient regional ischemia (1 h) that was followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Throughout much of the regional ischemia-reperfusion protocol, coronary flow rates, diastolic function, and LV developed pressure were better preserved in hearts from Tr animals. During the regional ischemia, coronary flow to myocardium outside the ischemic zone at risk (ZAR) was maintained in Tr hearts, whereas it progressively fell in Sed hearts. On release of the coronary artery ligature, flow to the ZAR was greater in Tr than in Sed hearts. Infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the ischemic ZAR, was significantly smaller in hearts from Tr rats (24 ± 3 vs. 32 ± 2% of ZAR, P < 0.05). Mn- and CuZn-SOD protein expression were higher in the LV myocardium of Tr animals ( P < 0.05 for both isoforms). Our data indicate that long-term exercise training leads to infarct sparing and better maintenance of coronary flow and mechanical function after ischemia-reperfusion.

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Gopane, Thabo J. "Volatility Behaviour of Bitcoin as a Digital Asset." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n2.510.

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The objective of this study is to use the South African financial markets (Johannesburg Stock Exchange or JSE and USD/ZAR) as a case study to understand the volatility spillover dynamics of Bitcoin as a digital asset. Methodologically, the study applies the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model, followed by a robustness check by applying the time-varying conditional correlation multivariate GARCH (VCC-MGARCH) model. The study utilizes the data set for the period 2011 to 2019, a period before the COVID‑19 pandemic. The research outcome revealed three interesting observations. First, Bitcoin and the South African stock market are independent of each other. Second, there is a bidirectional shock transmission between Bitcoin and USD/ZAR in the mean returns only, but not variance. Lastly, results confirm the existence of a bidirectional volatility spillover in both the mean and variance between the JSE stock market and the USD/ZAR market. The study outcome should enlighten investors who may want to consider Bitcoin as a diversifier in their investment and portfolio strategies.

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Saayman, Andrea, and Melville Saayman. "Exchange rate volatility and tourism – revisiting the nature of the relationship." European Journal of Tourism Research 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v6i2.125.

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Tourism literature mainly argues that exchange rate volatility signals risk associated with a destination, which may cause tourists to refrain from visiting the destination and/or cancel their trips. This is especially true if the cause of volatility is seen as a result of political unrest or instability. However, not all volatility is due to country-specific factors and the volatility of the South African rand (ZAR) is an example of this phenomenon. Because of the floating nature of the currency, sharp depreciations in the value of the ZAR have been felt during crises times. Since the ZAR volatility is not always associated with adverse political conditions, it is postulated that volatility may influence spending in South Africa, and not only arrivals. This paper therefore investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and international tourism to South Africa. Volatility is modelled using GARCH models, while the influence thereof on tourism is modelled using an autoregressive distributed lag model (ADL) and a bounds test approach. Results support the notion that spending is more consistently influenced by volatility than arrivals.

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Kenyon, Susan M. "Zar as Modernization in Contemporary Sudan." Anthropological Quarterly 68, no. 2 (April 1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3318050.

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Mtshali, Nontobeko Nontokozo, Thokozani Patmond Mbhele, and Nkechi Dorothy Neboh. "Demand Planning Information Sharing: N ZAR." Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 8 (December 27, 2019): 1391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2019.08.122.

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Kosiński, Dariusz. "Teatr ZAR: Theatre Out of Death." TDR/The Drama Review 64, no. 1 (March 2020): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00896.

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Working in the building formerly inhabited by Grotowski's Polish Laboratory Theatre, Teatr ZAR has been struggling for years in the shadow of the master to achieve its own original theatre language and performance style.

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Stevens, Matt. "Construction item pricing for more profit and less risk." Construction Economics and Building 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i3.2743.

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Dey, Aditya, and Debalina Chakraborty. "Engineering the Band Structures of Zigzag Blue Phosphorene and Arsenene Nanoribbons by Incorporating Edge Corrugations: A First Principles Exploration." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 5929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19510.

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Using first principles calculations, we have presented a short study on modulation of band structures and electronic properties of zigzag blue phosphorene (ZbPNR) and arsenene nanoribbons (ZANR) by etching the edges of NRs. We have taken the width of both NRs as N = 8 and corrugated the edges in a cosine-like manner. Optimizing every structure and further investigating their stabilities, it was seen that both the etched NRs are energetically feasible. From the computed band structures, the band gaps were seen to be increased for both the NRs on increasing number of etched layers and direct gap semiconductor nature was recorded. Highest energy gap observed were 2.26 and 2.41 eV for ZbPNR and ZANR, respectively. On further application of electric field, we observed the very interesting semiconductor-to-metallic property transition which was explained by wave function plots. Being elements of same group, a similar trend of band gaps modulations was observed for both NRs. This fascinating method of electronic property tuning of the studied NRs can be useful in various nanoscale electronic applications.

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Stevenson, Deborah. "The Lucy Variations by Sara Zarr (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 66, no. 10 (2013): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2013.0428.

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Wildenboer, Liezl. "Raising the Yellow Flag: Legal Regulation to Contain the Spread of Smallpox and Other Contagious Diseases in The Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek." Fundamina 27, no. 2 (2021): 87–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/fund/v27/i2a4.

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Although the Cape had experienced frequent outbreaks of smallpox and other epidemics since the early eighteenth century, the first smallpox epidemic only started in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR) much later, in the 1890s. This contribution takes a closer look, first, at the regulation of the medical profession in the ZAR, and, secondly, at the government’s attempts to prevent the spread of the disease with the promulgation of the Contagious Diseases Law 12 of 1895. That law also attempted to prevent the spread of other diseases, such as syphilis and leprosy, although the latter would eventually be regulated in terms of the Leprosy Law 15 of 1897.

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Nurtazina, N., and A. Azmukhanova. "Islamic perspective on the social cataclysms in the history of Kazakhstan (on the example of the heritage of the school “Zar zaman”)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-132-3-87-99.

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The texts of traditional poetry «Zar zaman» («the era of sorrow») are a special reflection of the pessimistic, anti-colonial and religious sentiments of the Kazakhs in connection with the negative perception in the collective memory of the colonial system of the Russian Empire on the territory of Kazakhstan. These samples of poetry, which illustrate the Islamic self-consciousness of educated Kazakhs, such as the poets Shortanbai, Dulat, Murat, and others, remained insufficiently studied during the Soviet period. Although over the years of political Independence in Kazakhstan, an objective study of this topic has begun, but in the available studies, a philological approach prevails, and the connection with Islam is not considered. The spiritual heritage of the Kazakh school «Zar zaman» requires deep interdisciplinary research. It is not excluded that they can be used as alternative historical sources in the study of issues of religion, ethnic consciousness and culture of Kazakhs. In these works, created by the Kazakh poets of a religious and philosophical direction that are opposed to the political regime, a peculiar Kazakh historical self-consciousness is reflected, an interesting interpretation of the civilizational conflict between the empire and the nomads is given. At the same time, the general characteristic of the “Zar zaman” school is regret and lamentation over the fact of political defeat from tsarism and the moral degradation of the people in the spirit of the religious and eschatological ideas of Sharia and Sufism. The poetry texts “Zar zaman” are interesting in the context of the discourse on Kazakh Islamic identity related to the 19th century, since the assessment of social cataclysms in them is given in accordance with one of the main plots of the Muslim worldview - the expectation of the End of the World (“Akyr zaman”).

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Pram, Wandisile, Njabulo Kambule, and Omoseni Adepoju. "Probing the Financial Sustainability of Eskom’s Open Cycle Gas Turbines (OCGTs) Utilisation (2018–2021)." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169987.

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Contributing to achieving sustainability in South Africa’s energy sector, this study probes financial sustainability and its relationship to the environmental sustainability of Eskom. This is because, over the past three financial years (FY2018–2019 to FY2020–2021) of Eskom’s generating plants’ performance, the energy availability factor (EAF) has taken a deep dive, reaching an extremely low generation availability year-end performance of 64.2%, translating to approximately an average of 29,800 MW available generation capacity out of a nominal generation capacity of 46,466 MW in FY2020–2021. Therefore, the study employed a quantitative research methodology, where the relevant financial records were analysed, and the necessary energy calculations made using descriptive analysis in Microsoft Excel. The findings show that the volumes (GWh) produced by the OCGTs during this period far exceed the regulatory approved volumes, thus attracting substantial costs, amounting to ZAR 25.9 bn instead of ZAR 8.9 bn, that could have been spent on the OCGTs if the level of efficiency achieved in FY2016–2017 and FY2017–2018 was maintained. The analysis also revealed that the OCGTs’ long-term financial and environmental sustainability could be achieved through switching from diesel to natural gas, thus resulting in lower fuel costs and lower emissions. Further, potential savings of approximately ZAR 27 bn (excluding capital expenditure) at a 10% load factor can be realised over a ten-year period when the natural gas price is sitting at ZAR 85/GJ (minimum). Finally, in order to attain financial and environmental sustainability, it is recommended that both Eskom’s and the independent power producers’ (IPPs) OCGTs must switch fuel from diesel to natural gas and be run at a 10% load factor, allowing the OCGTs to be run as mid-merit generators.

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Bollig, Ben. "CortÃ¡zar and Music by Nicholas Roberts." Modern Language Review 116, no. 4 (2021): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2021.0034.

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Kenyon, Susan M., and Martin Zillinger. "New Work on Zar and Possession Rituals." Anthropology News 58, no. 4 (July 2017): e166-e168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.564.

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Graeme, Roland. "Der Zar lässt sich photographieren. Kurt Weill." Opera Quarterly 7, no. 4 (1990): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/7.4.180.

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Martin, Jimmy W. "Zar, Inc.: A Case in Earnings Quality." Issues in Accounting Education 17, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2002.17.4.419.

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Zar, Inc., a high-tech company, has recently experienced turnover in its CEO and CFO positions. Zar, like other firms in its industry, is undergoing a down year due to the declining economy. Thomas Brown, who has recently been hired as the CFO, quickly realizes that there is little he can do to avoid the firm's first loss in many years. However, Thomas also understands that there are things that he can do to pave the way toward greater profits in the future. You are invited to listen in on three separate conversations that the CFO has with the CEO, the firm's audit committee, and finally with Zar's independent auditor. After hearing each conversation, you will be asked to evaluate the CFO's ideas as well as those of other parties to the dialogue. Some of the questions are rather straightforward and can be answered by recalling or researching specific accounting standards. Other questions are more open-ended and will require your best judgment based on the facts given in the case. Some questions may require you to provide additional information before making a definite decision. All of the scenarios focus on earnings quality and should enhance your understanding of this critical and controversial issue that pervades financial reporting today.

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El Guindy, Howaida, and Claire Schmais. "The Zar: An ancient dance of healing." American Journal of Dance Therapy 16, no. 2 (September 1994): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02358570.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zār'

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