Journal articles on the topic 'Yule's Q'

The research analysis is related to the influence of religious understanding and media literacy skills on the tendency to spread hoax news in the Surabaya Mengaji Community. This study uses a quantitative research approach, with a population of participants in the Sunday routine study at the Jami Mecca Bendul Merisi Mosque in Surabaya under the auspices of the Surabaya Mengaji Community. for statistical data analysis using the Yule's Q statistical formula. Based on the results of Yule's Q statistical calculations it shows that the correlation of religious understanding to the spread of hoax news is -0.178, which means it has a "low negative relationship", the correlation of media literacy skills to the spread of hoax news reaches -0.431 which can be interpreted as having a "moderate negative relationship", and the correlation of religious understanding and media literacy skills to the spread of hoax news, is tested through explanation, this is because in this study Qxy Tied T is smaller than zero order, -0.552 as Qxy Tied T, and -0.748 as zero order, and the difference is more than 0.10. So it can be analyzed that religious understanding and media literacy skills still have an important and meaningful relationship.

Abstract Patterns of caregiver responses to client adaptive behavior were compared between adults with intellectual disabilities with and without self-injurious behavior. Participants with moderate to profound intellectual disability and self-injury (n = 89) and age/IQ matched control participants (n = 20) were selected from a large sample of adults living in a regional residential center. Approximately 45 minutes of direct observation data were collected for each participant during unstructured leisure time. Data were sequentially analyzed and Yule's Q scores derived and compared among groups. Results indicated that caregivers were more responsive to prosocial initiations and adaptive engagement among individuals with severe self-injurious behavior than to those with mild or no self-injurious behavior and that these responses were more likely to be in the form of a demand.

Article presents the algorithm which models the categorical multicollinear data by providing the balance in model accuracy on test data and number of selected features in the model. In all scientific fields, multicollinear data is being generated, where obviously some variables are noise and some are influential reference to response variable. Features and response appeared to be categorical in mathematical and statistical modeling of public health data. These datasets usually appeared to collinear, where partial least squares (PLS) is the potential method, which is not feature selection at its default level and deals with quantitative features. Recently, categorical PLS (Cat-PLS) is introduced. We have implemented the regularized feature selection in Cat-PLS where filter-based feature selection and categorical mean through Cramer’s V, Phi coefficient, Tschuprow’s T coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, and Yule’s Q and Yule’s Y are used. Monte carlo simulation with 100 runs indicates Cramer V ∗ VIP is the better choice in terms of better model performance, number of feature selection, and interpretations for modeling the stillbirths, which is taken as the case study. The framework can be used in related areas to explore and model the related data structures.

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Some of the current methodologies used in this field to study developmental processes include Yule’s Q, state space grids, time series analysis, and lag analysis. The data collected in this field are often time-series-type data. Applying association rule mining in developmental psychology is a new concept that may have a number of potential benefits. In this paper, two sets of infant-mother interaction data sets are examined using association rule mining. Previous analyses of these data used conventional statistical techniques. However, they failed to capture the dynamic interactions between the infant-mother pair as well as other issues relating to the temporal characteristic of the data. Three approaches are proposed in this paper as candidate means of addressing some of the questions that remain from previous studies. The approaches used can be applied to association rule mining to extend its application to data sets in related fields.

Nearly 450 Margattea specimens were collected from 27 locations in China and their morphology was examined. Then 68 Margattea COI sequences were obtained and used to carry out phylogenetic analyses as well as species delimitation analyses using General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), and Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). GMYC analysis resulted in 21 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) (confidence interval: 20–22), which was completely consistent with the result of the bPTP. There were 15 MOTUs using the ABGD method. The number of MOTUs was slightly different from the assigned morphospecies (16). As to the incongruence between molecular and morphological results, we checked the specimens again and made sure that most morphological differences were determined to be intraspecific differences (except the difference between M. angusta and M. mckittrickae), although a large genetic distance existed. Finally, 16 Margattea species from China were defined in this study, of which, seven new species are established, i.e. Margattea deltodonta J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., Margattea cuspidata J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., Margattea caudata J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., Margattea paratransversa J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., Margattea disparilis J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., Margattea transversa J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov., and Margattea bicruris J-J He & Z-Q Wang, sp. nov.

bl 'kks/k&i= esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd lewps fo’o esa fo|eku izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds nksguksa ¼VsªLM QqVfizaV½ ds QyLo:Ik fo’o tyok;q Ik)fr vO;ofLFkr gks tkrh gSA tks {ks=h; leL;kvksa lesr fo’o tyh; pØ dks vkSj vf/kd rhoz djus ds fy, mRrjnk;h ekuh tk ldrh gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa ty larqyu fun’kZ ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr esa tyh; {ks= ds ekeys esa bl rF; dks le>us dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa dh xbZ tk¡p ls eq[;r% lewps Hkkjr ds tyh; QyDlksa ij bulks@yulks flXuy ds tyok;q laca/kh nwj laidZ ds izHkkoksa dh tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ gSA It is reported that the traced footprints across the world are the consequences of the perturbed world climate system that might be responsible in intensifying the world hydrological cycle with regional implications. An attempt is made here to understand this fact in case of hydrological regime over India through water balance model. The investigation mainly addresses the climate teleconnection impacts of ENSO/LNSO signal on the hydrological fluxes for All India.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: 1) investigar a responsividade materna em uma amostra brasileira; 2) analisar a responsividade materna para vocalizações com e sem estresse de bebês; 3) analisar a relação entre responsividade materna, escolaridade da mãe e nível socioeconômico da família. Participaram da pesquisa 30 díades mãe-bebê de 5 meses, que foram filmadas em suas residências por 60 minutos. Para análise da responsividade foram utilizados os programas SDIS e GSEQ. Entre outros aspectos, verificou-se que as mães respondem de modo contingente às vocalizações com estresse dos bebês com atividades de cuidado (Yule Q = 0,71; p

Abstract Objective Digital subtraction imaging (DSI) decreases the risk of intravascular injection during cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI); however, sequence acquisition and interpretation are operator-dependent skills. This study tests the reliability of a grading system to determine adequate DSI during CTFESI. Setting Academic tertiary medical center. Methods A grading scheme for adequate DSI quality during CTFESI was created by the study authors based on patient positioning, mask image, and volume of contrast injected. The inter-rater and intrarater reliability values of this grading scheme were tested using 50 DSI images evaluated by three raters during two distinct sessions separated by four weeks. Based on a power analysis, a sample of 50 scans was sufficient to detect significant correlations. Inter-rater reliability was determined by percent agreement between graders for dichotomized categories of “quality of DSI is adequate for safe C-TFESI” vs “quality of DSI is inadequate for safe C-TFESI.” The percentage of agreement was reported, along with Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC). The intrarater (pre/post) correlation was assessed using Yule’s Q statistics. Results Correlation coefficients were interpreted as follows: 0.00–0.19 “very weak,” 0.20–0.39 “weak,” 0.40–0.59 “moderate,” 0.60–0.79 “strong,” and 0.80–1.00 “very strong.” Inter-rater reliability analyses demonstrated that the patient position category had “very strong” agreement, contrast volume had “strong” agreement, and mask image had “moderate” agreement. The overall inter-rater reliability was “moderate.” All of the raters demonstrated “very strong” intrarater reliability. Conclusions The proposed grading system for adequate-quality DSI during CTFESI showed overall “moderate” and “very strong” inter- and intrarater reliability, respectively. This scheme provides an objective measure of DSI quality for CTFESI. Refinement is needed to improve the reliability of this scheme.

Mortality is a continuous force of attrition, tending to reduce the population, a prime negative force in the balance of vital processes (Bhasin and Nag, 2004). Sample Registration System (SRS) serves as the only source of annual data on vital events on a full scale from 1969-70 in India. Few studies have examined the trends and patterns of mortality across time and regions in India (Preston and Bhat, 1984). The Under 5 Mortality Rates (U5MR) can be seen to decrease by more than half from 1970 to 2017 but in contrast little is known about the mortality patterns of the older children (5-9) and young adolescents (10-14), and not many studies have been done on their changing trends (Masquelier et al., 2018). Using the annual data for the 5-14 age, the trend of decline in the mortality patterns is studied from 1970 to 2013. The linear trend in the time series plot suggests analysis using time series models AR(p), MA(q), ARMA(p,q), Box- Jenkins ARIMA(p,d,q) and Random Walk with drift models to get the best fit to the trend of the data. The order of the time series models have been calculated by studying the ACF, PACF plots and the coefficients have been derived using the Yule-Walker equation matrix. An in-sample forecast of the years 2014-17 are taken. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as a measure of accuracy is used to determine the best fit model. ARIMA(3,1,1) produced lower values making it the best-fit model. Out-of-sample forecasting was done for 2018-2025. The forecast value shows that at the current trend, India would have 0.03 deaths per 1000 population in the 5-14 age group in 2025 showing that the government’s policies and health care interventions towards realization of the MDG4 goal is working positively.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the search of new pedagogical technologies for the formation, preservation and reproduction of traditional cultural values in the socio-cultural space. The aim of the article is to analyse the educational potential of extracurricular activities in the English language involving the elements of palaeontology for secondary school students. Materials and methods: 1) study of due normative documents and scientific methodological literature; 2) organisation of two expert interviews with worldclass palaeontologists; 3) questioning encompassing sixty-four 8th-year pupils of two schools of Karaganda region, Kazakhstan; 4) experimental work aimed at introduction of a series of extracurricular activities in the English language with elements of palaeontology; 5) methods of mathematical processing of research results: Yule’s coefficient of association (Q), Pearson’s contingency coefficient (Cc), Fisher’s angular transformation criterion (φ), McNemar test (χ2). Results. A number of factors were revealed testifying that the palaeontological discoveries on the territory of Kazakhstan represent a cultural component which heightens the interest to the history of the native land, develops patriotism, improves the quality of education, as well as draws attention to the problem of imbalance between the interest in palaeontological finds of Kazakhstan on the part of the world scientific community and the lack of knowledge in Kazakh young people about the richness of the country’s ancient flora and fauna. The study of the regulatory framework revealed some inconsistencies and gaps in the biology curriculum for 7th-9th year school learners, which were filled only with the help of extracurricular activities in the English language with the inclusion of elements of palaeontology. The cumulative assessment formed by the means of analysis of two expert interviews makes one conclude on the interest of the global palaeontological community in the ancient flora and fauna of Kazakhstan as well as on the motivational, educational and socio-cultural potential of palaeontological content in school’s educational activities. Some statistically significant differences were revealed in respect of preference of extracurricular activity types in 8th-year learners (χ2exp =7.719; p≤0.05), on the ways to increase motivation to participate in such extracurricular activities (φemp=2.353 with p≤0.05) and regarding the extension of vocabulary on palaeontology in English (χ2 = 9.524 with p≤0.05). Conclusions. The evidential base of the educational potential of palaeontological elements in extracurricular activities at classes of English at secondary middle school can be used in interdisciplinary extracurricular activities at all educational levels.

В последние десятилетия распространенность хронического гнойного среднего отита (ХГСО) заметно выросла. Значительная роль при воспалении, в том числе в патогенезе ХГСО, отводится клеточным медиаторам - цитокинам. Доказана роль полиморфизма генов цитокинов в развитии заболеваний, ассоциированных с воспалительными процессами. Цель работы - проанализировать взаимосвязь полиморфизма генов IL1В (С3953Т, С511Т, Т31С), IL10 (G1082A, C592A, C819T), IL6 (С174G) и TNFА (G308A) с развитием ХГСО и возрастным фактором начальных его проявлений. Методика. Распределение генотипов аллельных вариантов генов цитокинов (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 и TNF-α) анализировали у 299 пациентов с ХГСО в зависимости от сроков начала заболевания (в возрасте до 14 лет, от 15 до 30 лет, старше 30 лет). Контрольную группу составили 183 здоровых добровольца с сопоставимым распределением по полу и возрасту. Для определения полиморфных вариантов генов IL1В (-3953, -511, -31), IL10 (-1082, -592, -819), IL6 (-174) и TNFА (-308) применяли метод ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Об ассоциации генотипов с заболеванием судили по величине отношения шансов (Odds Ratio (OR)) и коэффициентов Юла (Q) и контингенции (Фи, Φ). За критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез принимался p≤0,05. Результаты. Выявлено, что к развитию ХГСО предрасполагают полиморфные варианты генов цитокинов IL1В, IL10 и TNFА. Наиболее значимыми в формировании предрасположенности к развитию заболевания являются генотипы С/С полиморфизмов С3953Т и Т31С гена IL1В, А/А полиморфизма G1082A и Т/Т полиморфизма С819Т гена IL10. Полиморфные варианты генов IL1В (генотип C/C полиморфизмов С3953Т и Т511С) и IL10 (генотип А/A полиморфизма G1082A) сочетаются с дебютом ХГСО в возрасте до 14 лет. Полиморфизм C174G гена IL6 не оказывает предрасполагающего влияния на развитие болезни. Протективный эффект в отношении развития ХГСО связан с носительством гомозиготного генотипа Т/Т полиморфизмов С511Т и Т31С гена IL1В и гомозиготного генотипа G/G полиморфизма G1082A гена IL10. Заключение. К развитию ХГСО предрасполагают полиморфизмы генов про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов, дисбаланс которых обусловливает патологическое течение иммунного ответа и раннюю (в детском возрасте) клиническую манифестацию болезни. In recent decades, prevalence of chronic purulent otitis media has increased markedly. A significant role in inflammation, including the pathogenesis of chronic purulent otitis media, is assigned to the cellular mediators, cytokines. The predisposing role of cytokine gene polymorphism in development of inflammatory-associated diseases has been proven. Aim. To analyze the relationship of IL1B (C3953T, C511T, T31C), IL10 (G1082A, C592A, C819T), IL6 (C174G), and TNFA (G308A) gene polymorphisms with development of chronic purulent otitis media and the age of its primary manifestation. Methods. Distribution of genotypes of allelic variants in cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) genes was analyzed in 299 patients (129 men and 170 women aged 38.0 ± 4.3) based on the age of disease onset (with chronic purulent otitis media diagnosed at age of 14, from 15 to 30, and older than 30). The control group consisted of 183 sex- and age matched healthy volunteers. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood leukocytes. Real-time PCR was used for determination of polymorphic variants in IL1B (-3953, -511, -31), IL10 (-1082, -592, -819), IL6 (-174), and TNFA (-308) genes. The association of genotypes with the disease was evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) and the values of Yule (Q) and contingent (Phi, Φ) coefficients. The critical significance level for the statistical hypotheses tests was taken as <0.05. Results. IL1B, IL10, and TNFA cytokine gene polymorphisms predisposed to development of chronic purulent otitis media. The genotypes C/C of C3953T and T31C polymorphisms in the IL1B gene, A/A of G1082A polymorphism, and T/T of C819T polymorphism in the IL10 gene are the most significant ones in the predisposition to disease development. Polymorphic variants of IL1B (C/C genotype of C3953T and T511C polymorphisms) and IL10 (A/A genotype of G1082A polymorphism) genes are associated with the onset of chronic purulent otitis media at age of 14. The C174G polymorphism in the IL6 gene does not predispose to the disease. Protection from the development of chronic purulent otitis media is associated with carriage of the T/T homozygous genotype of C511T and T31C polymorphisms in the IL1B gene and the G/G homozygous genotype of G1082A polymorphism in the IL10 gene. Conclusion. Polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes predispose to the development of chronic purulent otitis media. An imbalance of these cytokines results in a pathological course of immune response and early (children) clinical manifestation of the disease.

A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). 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Studies of emotional-cognitive sequences are the growing body of research area in educational context. These studies focus on how emotions change during the learning-teaching process due to their dynamic nature. In affect transition studies, the change of emotion depending on the event and time is analyzed by using Lag sequential analysis (LSA), D’Mello’s L metric, L* metric and Yule's Q metric. However, there are various methodological criticisms in the literature for the sequential analysis methods. In this study, it is aimed to comparatively examine Lag analysis, L metric, L* metric and Yule’s Q in terms of proportion of invalid values, maximum transition metrics, minimum transition metrics, and analysis results. For this reason, in a teacher training simulator (SimInClass), the emotional states of the fifteen prospective teachers were collected every 0.5 sec with EEG (Electroencephalogram), GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) and Microsoft Kinect, and their emotions were labeled. The dataset was contained 17570 emotions that emerged as a result of labeling the data received from the sensors. After the dataset was created, data were analyzed by applying LSA, L, L* and Yule's Q. The results were showed that LSA has the most proportion of invalid results. In addition, it was observed that the proportion of invalid values increased as the segment length became shorter for all analysis methods. When the maximum and minimum transition metric values were examined, it was found that as the sequence length increased in D'Mello's L and L* analyzes, the metrics value approached 1, which is the largest value they can reach. However, it was noted that the LSA maximum-minimum transition metrics fluctuate independently of the sequence length. It was concluded that there were differences in the analysis results produced by the four sequential analysis types with the same functions. It was thought that this situation might be due to the different invalid results produced by the analyzes. When the results were compared with the studies in the literature, it was thought that it would be beneficial to pay attention to the nature of the data (emotional or behavioral), the data type (singe modality or multimodal modality), the amount of data (short sequences or long sequences), the environment in which the dataset was created (computer-based or not), and the sampling rate (automated data collection tool or observation) when choosing sequential analysis methods.

AbstractRemembering an experienced event in a coherent manner requires the binding of the event’s constituent elements. Such binding effects manifest as a stochastic dependency of the retrieval of event elements. Several approaches for modeling these dependencies have been proposed. We compare the contingency-based approach by Horner & Burgess (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(4), 1370–1383, 2013), related approaches using Yule’s Q (Yule, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 75(6), 579–652, 1912) or an adjusted Yule’s Q (c.f. Horner & Burgess, Current Biology, 24(9), 988–992, 2014), an approach based on item response theory (IRT, Schreiner et al., in press), and a nonparametric variant of the IRT-based approach. We present evidence from a simulation study comparing the five approaches regarding their empirical detection rates and susceptibility to different levels of memory performance, and from an empirical application. We found the IRT-based approach and its nonparametric variant to yield the highest power for detecting dependencies or differences in dependency between conditions. However, the nonparametric variant yielded increasing Type I error rates with increasing dependency in the data when testing for differences in dependency. We found the approaches based on Yule’s Q to yield biased estimates and to be strongly affected by memory performance. The other measures were unbiased given no dependency or differences in dependency but were also affected by memory performance if there was dependency in the data or if there were differences in dependency, but to a smaller extent. The results suggest that the IRT-based approach is best suited for measuring binding effects. Further considerations when deciding for a modeling approach are discussed.

ABSTRACT ObjectivesThough an effective drug to treat heart failure and heart rhythm abnormalities, digoxin has side effects, such as confusion. Adverse drug events (ADEs) are major public health issues, but signal detection of ADEs is challenging for healthcare professionals. The objectives of this study is to evaluate if data-driven techniques can be used to detect ADEs, specifically examine the best method to detect the known event of confusion in patients prescribed digoxin from electronic primary care records and generate evidence for unknown ADEs. ApproachIn this study, we analysed 195,454 patients from a general practitioner (GP) database Wales, UK held in the SAIL (Secured Anonymised Information Linkage) databank with 51,920 patients prescribed digoxin and the rest acted as controls. All diagnostic events within 1 year after taking digoxin were considered. We used different data-driven analytic techniques - the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the information component (IC), and the Yule’s Q (YULE) to detect signal of a statistical association between digoxin and associated adverse events. ResultsThe YULE detected the highest number of 544 signals, the IC the lowest number of 117 signals, and they commonly identified 83 same signals. All ROR based signals were included in the YULE based signals. It detected that 8.09 people per 10,000 who took digoxin suffered from the side effect of confusion including acute confusional state of cerebrovascular origin and others. All 4 methods can detect the confusion event with the values of IC =5.35 (standard deviation =0.312), PRR=1407.2 (95% confidence interval=[993.72, 1992.71]), ROR== 2813.39 (95% confidence interval=[1692.443, 4676.776]), and YULE=0.99 (95% confidence interval=[0.9992892, , 0.9992895]) respectively. Also some unknown signals, such as “carcinoma in situ of rectum”, were identified by the 4 methods. One common signal detected which was not clearly mentioned in clinical guideline is “digoxin poisoning” with the values of IC =1.87 (standard deviation =0.0946), PRR=214.71 (95% confidence interval=[68.75, 670.56]), ROR=215.67(95% confidence interval=[69.05, 673.63]), and YULE=0.99 (95% confidence interval=[0.9907,0.9908]) respectively. This finding is consistent with the previous study that digoxin can sometimes have toxic effects, particularly at high blood concentrations, because it normally takes a long time to be broken down by the body. ConclusionData-driven analytic methods are a valuable aid to signal detection of ADEs from large electronic health records for drug safety monitoring. This study finds the methods can detect known ADE and so could potentially be used to detect unknown ADE.

AbstractWe assessed several agreement coefficients applied in 2x2 contingency tables, which are commonly applied in research due to dichotomization. Here, we not only studied some specific estimators but also developed a general method for the study of any estimator candidate to be an agreement measurement. This method was developed in open-source R codes and it is available to the researchers. We tested this method by verifying the performance of several traditional estimators over all possible configurations with sizes ranging from 1 to 68 (total of 1,028,789 tables). Cohen’s kappa showed handicapped behavior similar to Pearson’s r, Yule’s Q, and Yule’s Y. Scott’s pi, and Shankar and Bangdiwala’s B seem to better assess situations of disagreement than agreement between raters. Krippendorff’s alpha emulates, without any advantage, Scott’s pi in cases with nominal variables and two raters. Dice’s F1 and McNemar’s chi-squared incompletely assess the information of the contingency table, showing the poorest performance among all. We concluded that Cohen’s kappa is a measurement of association and McNemar’s chi-squared assess neither association nor agreement; the only two authentic agreement estimators are Holley and Guilford’s G and Gwet’s AC1. The latter two estimators also showed the best performance over the range of table sizes and should be considered as the first choices for agreement measurement in contingency 2x2 tables. All procedures and data were implemented in R and are available to download from Harvard Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HMYTCK.

Introduction : En traumatologie, la ceinture pelvienne stabilise le bassin en réduisant le volume pelvien, ce qui permet de tamponner l’hémorragie. L’objectif principal de l’étude était d’évaluer le respect des indications théoriques de pose de ceinture pelvienne dans la prise en charge des traumatisés sévères en préhospitalier. Méthode : Une étude rétrospective, monocentrique, observationnelle a été réalisée en 2017–2018 afin d’évaluer les pratiques professionnelles en termes de respect des indications d’immobilisation et la fiabilité de l’évaluation clinique. Les critères d’inclusion étaient les interventions prenant en charge des patients pour accident de la route ou chute. L’analyse de la concordance entre pose de ceinture pelvienne et indication théorique a été réalisée avec un test du kappa de Cohen. L’intensité de la liaison entre cette évaluation et la confirmation d’une fracture par tomodensitométrie a été analysée par le coefficient Q de Yule. Résultats : Cent soixante-seize dossiers ont été analysés, dont 98 ont été inclus dans l’étude. La ceinture a été posée chez 26 % d’entre eux. Le coefficient d’agrément kappa de Cohen était de à 0,08, avec un pourcentage d’agrément de 57 %. L’intensité de la liaison entre l’évaluation clinique et la présence d’une fracture à la tomodensitométrie était très forte avec un coefficient de Q de Yule calculé à 0,92. Conclusion : Il n’y avait pas d’agrément entre l’indication théorique et la décision de poser la ceinture démontrant un recours insuffisant à la contention pelvienne lors de la prise en charge des patients traumatisés sévères en préhospitalier.

Objetivo: Analizar cómo la interacción de tríadas de preescolar les permite resolver un problema de manera colaborativa, utilizando como mediador un videojuego de plataformas. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, observacional. Se validó un manual de categorías utilizando primero jueces expertos y posteriormente, se utilizaron el Kappa de Cohen (k) y el porcentaje de acuerdo o confiabilidad inter-observador, para establecer el porcentaje de acuerdo y validar las categorías (ver Paniagua, 2016). Se utilizó el programa Analizador secuencial de propósito general (GSEQ por sus siglas en inglés), para analizar los videos de estudiantes de preescolar mientras resolvían problemas de manera colaborativa. Resultados: Las 18 personas estudiantes de preescolar muestran capacidad de resolver problemas de manera colaborativa. Se utilizó la Q de Yule y la Razón de Momio para describir relación estadística entre las categorías de análisis. Todos los Q de Yule fueron superiores a 0,6%, lo que indica anta relación entre categorías. Predomina la categoría Guía (34 y 31) en los niveles más difíciles y hay un aumento en la cantidad de categorías (42 en el primer nivel, 102 en el segundo). También disminuye el tiempo promedio de resolución (4,15 en escenario 1, 3,03 en el último, que es más difícil. Discusiones: La población presenta un nivel de desarrollo social, reflejado en la cantidad de verbalizaciones y gestos, que le permite la resolución colaborativa de problemas. Además, se plantea el uso que se puede dar a los videojuegos, como herramienta de investigación en psicología social.

English is not a one-to-one relationship between letters and pronunciation. There is mostly no correspondence between written word and spoken word. English pronunciation inconsistency made EFL learners erroneous while pronouncing. This phonology-based study discussed the English pronunciation inconsistency qualitatively. It identified the inconsistency of vowels and consonants pronounced in words and the areas of English pronunciation inconsistency. This study applied Yule, Finegan, and Kelly’s theories. <a> is sounded as /eI/ /@/ /æ/ /A:/ /O:/ /I/ /6/; <e> is sounded as /i:/ /e/ /@/ /A:/ /u:/; <i> is sounded as /2I/ /I/ /3:/ /A:/; <o> is sounded as /@U/ /6/ /2/ /A:/ /U/ /I/ /@/ /O:/ /w2/; and <u> is sounded as /jU/ /2/ /I/ /@/ /e/ /U@/. <c, d, g, j, n, p, s, t, w, x, y, z> are pronounced inconsistently. <c> is sounded as /s/ /tS/ /k/ /S/; <d> is sounded as /d/ /dZ/ /t/; <g> is sounded as /g/ /dZ/ /f/; <j> is sounded as /dZ/ /h/ /j/; <n> is sounded as /n/ /ŋ/; <p> is sounded as /p/ /f/; <q> is sounded as /k/; <s> is sounded as /s/ /z/ /S/ /Z/; <t> is sounded as /t/ /8/ /ð/ /tS/ /S/; <w> is sounded as /w/ /U/; <x> is sounded as /ks/ /kS/ /gz/ /z/; <y> is sounded as /@/ /i/ /ai/ /j/; and <z> is sounded as /z/ /ts/. The areas of inconstancy in English pronunciation occur in; same letter different sounds; same sound different letters; silent letters; and sound production with no letters