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Journal articles on the topic 'Youth tobacco control'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Dunn, Caroline L., and Phyllis L. Pirie. "Empowering Youth for Tobacco Control." American Journal of Health Promotion 20, no. 1 (September 2005): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-20.1.7.

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Purpose. To investigate common youth group activities and how they relate to young people's attitudes of empowerment around tobacco control. Design. A mailed survey was administered to 940 Minnesota youth involved in locally organized tobacco prevention groups. By multivariate linear regression, participation in eight tobacco-related activities and selected personal characteristics were examined in relation to youths' perceived influence on youth smoking. Results. Two activities–developing materials with antismoking messages and taking action to change school smoking policies—were associated with significantly higher perceived influence scores for the youth involved (p < .05). Youth in groups who had worked to raise awareness of how the tobacco industry targets teens also had significantly higher influence scores (p < .001). Associated personal factors included high involvement in extracurricular activities (p < .001), having never experimented with smoking (p < .01), leadership experience (p < .001), and being white (p < .01). Discussion. Some youth group activities and strategies may be particularly effective at instilling attitudes of empowerment for tobacco control among youth.
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2

Czaplicki, Lauren, Siobhan N. Perks, Michael Liu, Alison Cuccia, Minal Patel, Donna Vallone, and Barbara Schillo. "Support for E-cigarette and Tobacco Control Policies Among Parents of Adolescents." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 7 (December 3, 2019): 1139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz222.

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Abstract Introduction Parents are essential stakeholders for policy implementation. However, data on parents’ support for e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies is limited. This study examines parents’ support for five e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies targeted to prevent youth initiation and exposure to industry marketing practices. Methods Data were from a 2018 nationally representative sample of US parents of 11- to 18-year-old middle and high school students. Weighted adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of support for policy outcomes, controlling for demographics. Analyses were performed among the full sample (n = 2743) and among current tobacco users (n = 355). Results The majority of parents, including current tobacco users, supported tobacco control efforts to protect adolescents. More than 90% of all parents supported restrictions on e-cigarette marketing to youth and 75% supported a ban on flavored e-cigarette sales. Additionally, more than 80% of all parents supported increasing the age of tobacco product sale to 21, limiting tobacco retailer density near schools, and keeping tobacco products out of view where youth shop. Presence of strict home tobacco rules or reporting a high priority to prevent child’s e-cigarette use were significantly associated with higher odds of policy support. Results were similar among current tobacco users. Conclusions Parents are an important group of tobacco control stakeholders and should be utilized to garner support for tobacco control policies in the context of the recent growth in youth tobacco and e-cigarette use. Parents’ public support for tobacco control policies, particularly regulations on e-cigarette sales and marketing, can motivate advocates and policymakers to advance tobacco control policy agendas. Implications Youth tobacco and e-cigarette use in the United States has increased in recent years. Parents are important stakeholders to inform policy agendas and advance efforts to restrict youth access and exposure to tobacco products. This study provides evidence that parents of adolescents are highly supportive of youth-centered tobacco control policies, particularly those that restrict access to youth-targeted e-cigarette marketing and the sale of youth-appealing flavored e-cigarettes. Utilizing policy support to mobilize parents may be an important advocacy strategy to advance tobacco control policy agendas and curb rising rates of youth e-cigarette and tobacco use.
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Ross, Hana, Lisa M. Powell, Joseph E. Bauer, David T. Levy, Richard M. Peck, and Hye-Ryeon Lee. "Community-Based Youth Tobacco Control Interventions." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 5, no. 3 (2006): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00148365-200605030-00003.

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4

Holden, Debra J., Peter Messeri, W. Douglas Evans, Erik Crankshaw, and Maureen Ben-Davies. "Conceptualizing Youth Empowerment within Tobacco Control." Health Education & Behavior 31, no. 5 (October 2004): 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104268545.

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5

Soldz, Stephen, Peter Kreiner, Thomas W. Clark, and Milly Krakow. "Tobacco Use among Massachusetts Youth: Is Tobacco Control Working?" Preventive Medicine 31, no. 4 (October 2000): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0727.

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6

Soldz, Stephen, Peter Kreiner, Thomas W. Clark, and Milly Krakow. "Tobacco Use among Massachusetts Youth: Is Tobacco Control Working?" Preventive Medicine 33, no. 1 (July 2001): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2001.0885.

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7

Trisnowati, Heni, Djauhar Ismail, and Retna Siwi Padmawati. "Health promotion through youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior: a conceptual paper." Health Education 121, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-09-2020-0092.

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PurposeThis paper aimed to review globally the empowerment programs for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths, to examine the role of empowerment in health promotion, to explore the stages of health promotion through community empowerment strategies including planning, implementation and evaluation. Finally, this paper will develop a model of youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior that reflects theory and experience drawn from the literature.Design/methodology/approachThis review synthesized articles on community empowerment and health promotion, youth empowerment programs for tobacco prevention and control globally from books and electronic databases from the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) library in the publication period 2000–2020. Relevant literature was selected and critically reviewed which reflected the role empowerment in health promotion, stage of community empowerment strategy as described by Laverack and youth empowerment concept in tobacco control as described by Holden.FindingsDocuments that specifically discuss empowerment programs for smoking prevention and control are still limited. The findings document that youth empowerment in tobacco control do not fully integrate the theory empowerment as described by Laverack and Holden. This paper provides information about the stages of youth empowerment, and a conceptual framework of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior. Youth empowerment is done through the direct involvement of youth in programs starting from program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. Indicators of the success of the empowerment process are reflected in the increase in the empowerment domain. Meanwhile, the output of empowerment can be seen from the individual- or group-level changes.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a model of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths based on theory and experience in the field.
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8

Tauras, John A., Frank J. Chaloupka, Matthew C. Farrelly, Gary A. Giovino, Melanie Wakefield, Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O’Malley, Deborah D. Kloska, and Terry F. Pechacek. "State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking." American Journal of Public Health 95, no. 2 (February 2005): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2004.039727.

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9

Crawford, M. A. "Responses to tobacco control policies among youth." Tobacco Control 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.11.1.14.

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10

Mishra, Arima, Monika Arora, Melissa H. Stigler, Kelli A. Komro, Leslie A. Lytle, K. Srinath Reddy, and Cheryl L. Perry. "Indian Youth Speak About Tobacco: Results of Focus Group Discussions With School Students." Health Education & Behavior 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104272332.

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This article discusses the findings of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) that were conducted as a formative assessment for Project MYTRI (Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco Related Initiatives in India), a randomized, multicomponent, school-based trial to prevent and control tobacco use among youth in India. Forty-eight FGDs were conducted with students ( N = 435) in sixth and eighth grades in six schools in Delhi, India. Key findings include: (a) students in government schools reported as “consumers” of tobacco, whereas students in private schools reported as “commentators”; (b) parents and peers have a strong influence on youth tobacco use; (c) chewing gutkha is considered less harmful and more accessible than smoking cigarettes; (d) schools are not promoting tobacco control activities; and (e) students were enthusiastic about the role government should play in tobacco control. These findings are being used to develop a comprehensive intervention program to prevent and control tobacco use among Indian youth.
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11

MUKERIA, Miriam, Besik KIKNADZE, and Tengiz VERULAVA. "The impact of the tobacco control law on youth tobacco use." Archives of the Balkan Medical Union 55, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31688/abmu.2020.55.1.12.

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12

Dai, Hongying, and Jianqiang Hao. "The effects of tobacco control policies on retailer sales to minors in the USA, 2015." Tobacco Control 27, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053408.

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BackgroundUnder the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been routinely inspecting tobacco retailers' compliance with under-age sales laws. We seek to identify factors associated with Retail Violation Rate for sale to minors (RVRm).MethodsWe collected the tobacco retailer inspection data for 2015 from the FDA compliance check database. RVRm was calculated at the census tract level and overlaid with tobacco regulations and youth smoking prevalence at the state level. Multi-level spatial analysis was performed to examine the impacts of tobacco jurisdiction variations, youth smoking rates and neighbourhood social characteristics on RVRm.ResultsA total of 136 816 compliance checks involving minors conducted by the FDA in 2015 were analysed. A higher RVRm was associated with higher youth smoking prevalence (aRR=1.04, p<0.0001). Tobacco regulations show significant relationships with RVRm. For every one dollar increase in cigarette tax per pack, the likelihood of retail violations was reduced by 2% (aRR=0.98, p=0.03). For every 10% increase in tobacco prevention spending towards Centers for Disease Control recommended funding targets, the likelihood of retail violations was reduced by 1% (aRR=0.99, p=0.01). RVRm increased in states that enacted stronger smoke-free air policies (aRR=1.08, p<0.0001).ConclusionWe observed associations of tobacco regulations and neighbourhood social characteristics with tobacco retailers’ compliance with under-age sales laws. This study provides evidence to support stronger tobacco regulations and control policies in reducing youth access to tobacco products.
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13

Ghose, S., and S. S. Datta. "Perception of Tobacco in Young Adults of Urban India: A Qualitative Exploration and Health Policy Analysis." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 198s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.80100.

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Background: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death globally. An emerging body of evidence shows that tobacco is 1 of the identified causes of cancer contributing to 50% of cancers in men and 20% in women and the same is estimated to kill 10 million people by 2030. The epicenter of this epidemic is the low and middle income countries with 80% of the 1 billion smokers in the world coming from there. India is home to 275 million tobacco users and is the second largest producer and user of tobacco products after China. Many of the users demonstrate a very early smoking debut and a significant proportion of India's population falls in this group. Prevention of early tobacco debut and use of tobacco in youth is 1 of the critical ways of reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the world. There is very limited information on how today's youth perceive using tobacco products, and what they think of the anti-tobacco campaigns and legislative measures. Aim: The qualitative arm aims to bridge some of the knowledge gaps related to tobacco use in today's urban youth; to understand the perceptions of the youth about tobacco. The policy piece evaluates relevant tobacco control legislations in India using a prevalidated policy analysis framework. It critically analyses the gaps of the national tobacco control mechanisms responsible for impacting the tobacco use in the youth. Methods: A qualitative grounded theory approach was followed. In a university in India, 30 young undergraduate students were recruited. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observations. The policy section critically analyzed relevant parts of the India's tobacco control law taking its lead from the qualitative data, compared it with the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC), and identifies barriers and gaps to understand how its impacting the use of tobacco in youth. Results: Peer influence and social desirability emerged as major influencers for tobacco debut. Stress, exams, depression, family problems and symptoms of stress for example headache, sleeplessness etc. were other influencers for debut. The other major theme was the perceptions and concepts on tobacco addiction and quitting. Knowledge among youth on available quitting or cessation support was very little. Most of the study participants believed that the current tobacco control measures are not effective. The policy analysis of national tobacco control measures revealed significant gaps that are currently being exploited by the tobacco industry as they continue to promote tobacco products and increase production capacity. Conclusion: This study recommends amending the Indian tobacco control law to address the gaps and implement a more stringent legislation commensurate to the tobacco use patterns and existing barriers.
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14

Friend, Karen, Maria Carmona, Philip Wilbur, and David Levy. "Youths' Social Sources of Cigarettes: The Limits of Youth-Access Policies." Contemporary Drug Problems 28, no. 3 (September 2001): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090102800309.

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Federal, state, and local policies aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco have been successful at increasing retail compliance, but they have had limited impact on actual youth smoking rates. One of the reasons that retail-based policies have failed to significantly reduce youth smoking rates is attributable in part to youths, substituting social or non-retail sources of cigarettes for retail supply. The widespread availability of cigarettes through social sources, such as borrowing, stealing, or buying cigarettes from parents, older siblings, and peers, and requesting older strangers to purchase them, highlights the difficulty of eliminating all supplies of youth cigarettes. Strategies should be implemented that are developed specifically to reduce access from social sources. More generally, a comprehensive approach to tobacco-control policies that targets the entire population is necessary to curb youth smoking.
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15

Razak, HL, A. Rahmat, AW Abd Harris, BK Lim, SY Ho, Hafilah Said, and Salasiah Yusoff. "Empowering Youth in Tobacco Control Efforts in Malaysia." Tobacco Induced Diseases 3, no. 1 (2005): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-3-21.

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16

Glied, Sherry. "Youth tobacco control: reconciling theory and empirical evidence." Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00118-7.

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17

Ickes, Melinda J., Shannon Sampson, Josh Parsons, Mary Kay Rayens, Min Xiao, Amy Fisher, Monica Mundy, and Ellen J. Hahn. "Tobacco-Free Ambassador Partnership: Empowering Youth Advocates in Appalachian Communities." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 1_suppl (January 2020): 98S—109S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919880563.

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Kentucky youth (14.3%) smoke more cigarettes as compared to the U.S. average (8.8%), and Appalachian communities suffer disproportionately from tobacco-related diseases such as lung cancer. Training youth to become advocates is an effective strategy to improve health equity. This article describes the development and impact of a youth advocacy program to promote tobacco control policies in Appalachian Kentucky. Phase I (2017-2018): two ½-day trainings followed by monthly meetings with one high school ( n = 20 youth). Trainings provided information on tobacco use, consequences, industry tactics, evidence-based tobacco control, and advocacy skills. Results provided support for expansion to Phase II (2018-20119): A 1-day training followed by monthly information sharing implemented in three counties ( N = 80). Youth were surveyed before and 6-months posttraining during both phases. Phase I: At posttraining, 85% of youth believed they could reduce the amount of tobacco use in their community versus 66% at baseline. More students tried at least once to convince school or government officials to be more concerned about tobacco use (77% vs. 47%). Phase II: More students supported tobacco policies at posttraining survey and realized policies are an effective strategy to reduce tobacco use. At posttraining survey, students reported greater interpersonal confidence talking with others about tobacco-related issues, with a 24% increase in confidence talking with adults in their communities, as well as greater advocacy self-efficacy. Youth in Appalachia demonstrate desire to influence tobacco use and policy to improve health equity. Findings reinforce the need for collaborative public health interventions to promote ongoing training and support for youth living in high-risk communities.
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18

Ross, Laurie. "Sustaining Youth Participation in a Long-term Tobacco Control Initiative: Consideration of a Social Justice Perspective." Youth & Society 43, no. 2 (May 7, 2010): 681–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10366672.

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This article presents an in-depth case study of the Healthy Options for Prevention and Education Coalition’s Teens Tackle Tobacco initiative, a 3-year community-based participatory research (CBPR) project about the distribution of tobacco vendors and tobacco advertising in Worcester, Massachusetts. Using two theoretical frameworks, positive youth development (PYD) and social justice youth development (SJYD), the case reveals personal and community conditions that drove youth to get engaged in this project, how CBPR guided the group’s research and action strategy, and results of the work to date. Analysis of this case highlights factors that facilitate and pose barriers to active youth involvement in a long-term, tobacco-related community change initiative. Specifically, to affect oppressive community conditions, a blend of PYD’s focus on individual skill building, participation, and empowerment— joined with SJYD emphasis on community organizing and building youth’s self-awareness of how race, class, and other dimensions of power affect their lives on a daily basis—is needed.
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Ruokolainen, Otto, Hanna Ollila, Kristiina Patja, Katja Borodulin, Tiina Laatikainen, and Tellervo Korhonen. "Social climate on tobacco control in an advanced tobacco control country." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 35, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518767750.

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Aims: Finland has implemented a gradually tightening tobacco control policy for decades. Recently the objective of a tobacco-free Finland was introduced. Still, the population’s acceptance of tobacco control policy has not been measured. More knowledge is needed on differences in attitudes and factors associated with tobacco control opinions for future policy-making. Methods: A population-based study with quantitative analysis. Attitudes on smoking and tobacco control policy were assessed within the National FINRISK 2012 Study in Finland involving 25–74-year-old adults ( N = 4905). In analyses, smoking status groups were compared. Results: In general, attitudes differed systematically by smoking status. Differences increased or decreased when moving from never smokers to other smoking groups. Similarities in attitudes were found particularly on youth smoking, while differences between smoking groups were notable on statements regarding smoking on balconies and availability of tobacco products. The adjusted analysis showed that smoking status was most strongly associated with attitudes on different tobacco control policy measures. Daily smokers viewed stricter tobacco control policy and workplace smoking bans more negatively than others, though they viewed societal support for quitters and sufficiency of tobacco control policy more positively compared with others. Differences were vast compared with non-smokers, but also occasional smokers differed from daily smokers. Conclusions: Tightening tobacco control and workplace smoking bans were supported by the Finnish adult population, but societal support for quitters to a lesser extent. Attitude change, where smokers are seen as deserving help to quit smoking, is important.
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Livingood, William C., Carolyn D. Woodhouse, Judy Jopling Sayre, and Peter Wludyka. "Impact Study of Tobacco Possession Law Enforcement in Florida." Health Education & Behavior 28, no. 6 (December 2001): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800606.

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This study of tobacco possession law enforcement was conducted in four selected counties in Florida, the first state to report statistically significant annual declines in youth tobacco use during the 1990s. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of possession enforcement on youth attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors by comparing results of a survey administered in high-enforcement counties with results from low-enforcement counties and by examining the survey results for relationships of tobacco use to perceptions and awareness of laws and enforcement activity. The survey was administered to a sample of 2,088 randomly selected youth, in conjunction with a qualitative study of law enforcement officials reported elsewhere. Findings indicate that possession enforcement, as a component of comprehensive tobacco control, appears to help reduce youth tobacco use and may be a critical component of the most successful youth tobacco prevention program, documented in the previous decade.
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Kim, Samuel C. J., Jason E. Martinez, Yanjun Liu, and Theodore C. Friedman. "US Tobacco 21 is Paving the Way for a Tobacco Endgame." Tobacco Use Insights 14 (January 2021): 1179173X2110503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x211050396.

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The battle against tobacco usage is being fought on all fronts. On December 19, 2019, a measure to raise the minimum age to buy tobacco products to 21 from 18 was passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Donald Trump. This instated banning the sale of all tobacco products and electronic cigarettes to anyone in the US under the age of 21. This follows the raising of the age to buy tobacco in California to 21 in 2016. According to the California Tobacco Control Program: in 2016, roughly 10% of high-school students were smoking cigarettes, but by 2018, only 2%. The percentage of retailers selling tobacco to underaged youth dropped dramatically. These data show that the CA Tobacco 21 law was effective in decreasing the obtainability and usage of tobacco by youth. We expect that US Tobacco 21 will be similarly effective in reducing tobacco use by youth leading to less tobacco addiction in the US.
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Warner, K. E. "Innovative approaches to youth tobacco control: introduction and overview." Tobacco Control 12, no. 90001 (June 1, 2003): 1i—5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.suppl_1.i1.

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23

Lolley, Katherine, Esha Sharmila Marhe, William Seymour, and Johanna Lakhisaran. "Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to tobacco control policy in Suriname." Salud Pública de México 59 (March 31, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/7850.

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Objetivo. Utilizar evidencia de la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes (EMTJ) para comunicar las políticas de control del tabaco en Surinam. Material y métodos. Las EMTJ se desarrollaron en los años 2000, 2004 y 2009 entre estudiantes de secundaria (de entre 13 y 15 años de edad) mediante diseño muestral en dos etapas. Resultados. Participaron en total 2 744 estudiantes. De 2000 a 2009, los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de “uso actual de cigarrillos” y “otros productos de tabaco” en mujeres (31 y 98%). Asimismo, se evidenció un alto grado de exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco en hogares (56.6 a 46.6%) y en lugares públicos (67.8 a 53.3%), además de la exposición a publicidad protabaco (periódicos/revistas: 76.3 a 54.0%; vallas publicitarias: 77.4 a 52.6%). Menos de la mitad de los estudiantes que participaron fueron instruidos sobre los peligros de fumar en las escuelas. Conclusión. La prevalencia nacional de tabaquismo coincide con la tendencia regional. Los resultados de la EMTJ proporcionan evidencia exhaustivas sobre la legislación del control de tabaquismo aprobada en 2013. Futuras EMTJ pueden promover y moni- torear la implementación de la norma y su progreso en la consecución de los objetivos de OMS y el Convenio Marco para el Control de Tabaco.
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Landman, Anne, Pamela M. Ling, and Stanton A. Glantz. "Tobacco Industry Youth Smoking Prevention Programs: Protecting the Industry and Hurting Tobacco Control." American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 6 (June 2002): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.6.917.

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25

Diaz, Megan C., Elexis C. Kierstead, Domonique Edwards, Yoonsang Kim, Shyanika W. Rose, Sherry Emery, Bushraa Khatib, Michael Liu, and Ganna Kostygina. "Online Tobacco Advertising and Current Chew, Dip, Snuff and Snus Use among Youth and Young Adults, 2018–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084786.

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Objective: To understand the relationship between exposure to online tobacco advertising and current smokeless tobacco use in the context of tobacco control policies. Methods: Three waves of a national probability-based sample of (n = 15,985) youth and young adults were used. Analysis consisted of GEE logistic models controlling for social media use, demographics, tobacco use, average price of smokeless tobacco inclusive of taxes, smoke-free indoor air laws (SFIA) and state tobacco control expenditures. Results: Frequent exposure to tobacco advertising on social media is associated with greater odds of current smokeless use (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.60). Higher prices and SFIA coverage were associated with reduced current smokeless use when examined separately from other tobacco policy variables (aOR: 0.79, CI: 0.73, 0.85; aOR: 0.44, CI: 0.28, 0.70). Conclusions: Greater exposure to tobacco advertising online is associated with greater odds of smokeless use among surveyed youth and young adults. This effect of social media marketing exposure on smokeless use outweighs the mitigating impact of existing tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the need for strong advertising regulation of evolving tobacco products, including smokeless products, on social media and surveillance of digital marketing tactics to young people.
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Male, Denis, Shirley Kansabe, Hafsa Lukwata, Alexander Rubanga, Kamran Siddiqi, Linda Bauld, Ann McNeill, and Fiona Dobbie. "Smokeless Tobacco in Uganda: Perceptions among Tobacco Control Stakeholders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063398.

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The use and sale of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is prohibited in Uganda under the Tobacco Control Act (TCA), 2015. Nonetheless, SLT products remain available, and there are limited and inconsistent data on SLT users. Additionally, the perceptions of tobacco control stakeholders on SLT are unknown, making it difficult to determine barriers to enforcing the ban. This study examined perceptions of tobacco control stakeholders regarding SLT in Uganda. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders who were purposively selected from ministries, semi-autonomous government agencies and Civil Society Organizations. Interviews explored knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of SLT appeal, and user demographics. Data were analysed using Nvivo V.12 software. Participants demonstrated a general lack of awareness of SLT product types and the extent of their use. They believed SLT use was increasing among females and minors and was as harmful to health and the economy as smoking. SLT products were thought to be cheaper than cigarettes and to appeal to minors. Discreet use was thought to help users overcome the cultural aversion towards tobacco use among women and youth in Uganda. There is an urgent need to strengthen the implementation of the SLT ban whilst also increasing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking.
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Warren, Charles W., Juliette Lee, Veronica Lea, Ann Goding, Brandon O'hara, Michelle Carlberg, Samira Asma, and Matthew Mckenna. "Evolution of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) 1998–2008." Global Health Promotion 16, no. 2_suppl (September 2009): 4–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975909342181.

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Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given that country-specific international data on tobacco use were limited or nonexistent, in 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) initiated the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) to assist countries in establishing tobacco control surveillance and monitoring programs. GTSS includes collection of data through three school-based surveys: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) for youth; the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS), and the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) for adults; and one household survey: the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) for adults. The GTSS provides a globally implemented and consistent framework for conducting surveillance including standard sampling procedures, core questionnaire items, training in field procedures and analysis of data consistent across all GTSS countries. The GTSS also enhances the role of the nongovernmental sector by supporting participation of civil society agencies in surveillance, monitoring, and policy and program development. The synergy between countries passing tobacco control laws, regulations or decrees, ratifying and complying with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and conducting GTSS surveys offers a unique opportunity to develop, implement, and evaluate comprehensive tobacco control policy that can be helpful to each country document the development, growth, and collaboration in sustaining the GTSS. The report highlights countries’ involvement in tobacco control measures and the establishment of comprehensive tobacco control programs worldwide. This report can assist countries in prioritizing and developing tobacco control programs, including surveillance, evaluation, and policy development. (Global Health Promotion, 2009; Supp (2): pp. 04-37)
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D’Onofrio, Carol N., Joel M. Moskowitz, and Marc T. Braverman. "Curtailing Tobacco Use Among Youth: Evaluation of Project 4-Health." Health Education & Behavior 29, no. 6 (December 2002): 656–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019802237937.

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This article reports the development and evaluation of Project 4-Health, a theory-driven, research-based program to prevent tobacco use among youth enrolled in 4-H clubs throughout California. Additional goals were to involve youth in discouraging others’tobacco use and to develop youth leadership for tobacco control. To assess program effectiveness, 72 clubs were matched and randomly assigned to the program or control condition. Of 1,853 eligible club members, 88.6% completed the pretest. Of these, 79.5% completed a posttest 4 months after conclusion of program delivery, and 77.6% completed a second posttest 2 years later. Short-term effects were found on 7 of 24 outcome measures, indicating changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention, but not in social influence variables or behaviors. No long-term effects were observed. Discussion considers how the challenges of designing, delivering, and evaluating the intervention influenced results and implications for preventing tobacco use through community-based youth groups.
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KC, Bhakta, Laxmi Kumari Oli, and Nawa Dahal. "Awareness and Implementation Status of Tobacco Policy Provisions among Students of Public Schools in Budhanilkantha Municipality, Nepal." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v3i2.30783.

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Background: The tobacco epidemic was responded globally with the enforcement of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), a first public health treaty, on 27 February 2005. As a party and signatory country to FCTC, Nepal ratified the tobacco product (control and regulation) act in 2011. After endorsement of the act and other related tobacco policy documents, it is necessary to measure awareness level and the implementation status among different stakeholders including adolescent students. This study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation status of tobacco policy provisions in the students of Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 378 students were recruited from five schools of Budhanilkantha municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. The self-administered questionnaires were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) tool of the World Health Organization and youth-tobacco survey tool of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect the data. Results: The study showed that less than half of the participants (45.8%) knew that there is a tobacco product (control and regulatory) act in Nepal. Similarly, two-thirds (65.9%) of the participants responded that they were aware of the selling of tobacco products to a person below 18 years was legally prohibited in Nepal. In terms of tobacco laws enforcement, 66.2% of the participants were not prevented from buying tobacco products because of their age. Conclusions: More than half of the students were found unaware of tobacco control policies of Nepal, despite the students are the key target stakeholders of tobacco control policies. Additionally, implementation of policy provisions related to protecting the students from tobacco in school or home is not effectively enforced although Nepal has comprehensive tobacco control policies.
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Cofer, Jennifer, Alex N. Hurst, Tiffany Winter, Mark Moreno, Paul M. Cinciripini, Michael T. Walsh, Jennifer Tektiridis, and Ernest Hawk. "A Comprehensive Program to Reduce Tobacco-related Cancers Through Actions by a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center." Cancer Control 29 (January 2022): 107327482211387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221138713.

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Tobacco use accounts for 30% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide and 20% in the US, despite effective, evidence-based interventions for reducing tobacco use and tobacco-related cancers and deaths. In 2012, to reduce the burden of tobacco-related cancer and associated population-level risks across Texas, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center initiated the EndTobacco® program to promote statewide cancer control activities. We created evidence-based initiatives, established selection criteria, and implemented actions involving policy, education, and tobacco treatment services. As a result, EndTobacco has supported, educated, and convened local and state coalitions in policymaking; provided tobacco treatment education to health professionals; implemented Texas’ only certified tobacco treatment training program; and led an initiative to enhance the tobacco-free culture of the state’s publicly funded university system. Supported by commitments from MD Anderson, we developed and implemented evidence-based actions for tobacco control tailored to the center’s mission, values, expertise, resources, and partnerships. By 2021, the adult smoking rate in Texas dropped from 19.2% (2014) to 13.2%. Contributors to this drop include state tobacco control policies, programs and services from multiple agencies and associations, and EndTobacco activities that complement the statewide effort to prevent youth smoking initiation and increase quit attempts among youth and adults.
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Kreisler, Ann, B. Alan Snider, and Nancy Ellen Kiernan. "Using Distance Education to Educate and Empower Community Coalitions: A Case Study." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 17, no. 2 (July 1997): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/49af-7lat-eybw-mfh7.

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This article focuses on a community activism program about the issue of youth tobacco control across fourteen communities. The article highlights an interesting and innovative methodology to provide staff development workshops to each community site where participants received consistent messages with preparation for coalition building and local action planning to address youth tobacco control issues. The article concludes with recommendations for educators considering the use of distance education technologies to educate and empower collective activism in a limited time period.
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Warren, Charles W., Veronica Lea, Juliette Lee, Nathan R. Jones, Samira Asma, and Matthew Mckenna. "Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey." Global Health Promotion 16, no. 2_suppl (September 2009): 38–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975909342192.

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Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the world; yet little is known about the levels or patterns of youth tobacco use on a global basis. The purpose of this paper is to focus on change in youth tobacco use using data from 100 sites that have conducted repeat Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS). The GYTS is a school-based survey that collects data from students aged 13–15 years using a standardized methodology for constructing the sample frame, selecting schools and classes, and processing data. GYTS is conducted in school classes using self-administered anonymous data collection. The GYTS sample produces representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates for each sampling frame. Of the 100 sites surveyed, 61 reported no change over time in prevalence of cigarette smoking, likewise in 50 of the 97 sites with data on use of other tobacco products there was no change. However, 34 sites reported an increase in other tobacco use. This appears to be attributed to waterpipe, an emerging trend in tobacco use. Evidence was found supporting the idea that tobacco use among adolescent girls is likely increasing. The global tobacco control effort continues to face many challenges in reversing the tobacco epidemic. Few countries have implemented comprehensive tobacco control legislation laid out by the World Health Organization. The few countries that have adopted some of these proven policies can serve as examples in achieving positive results in curbing the tobacco epidemic. (Global Health Promotion, 2009; Supp (2): pp. 38–90)
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Luke, D. "State youth-access tobacco control policies and youth smoking behavior in the United States." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19, no. 3 (October 2000): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00196-3.

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Tauras, John, Jidong Huang, and Frank Chaloupka. "Differential Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Youth Sub-Populations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2013): 4306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10094306.

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35

Conlisk, Elizabeth, Scott K. Proescholdbell, and William K. Y. Pan. "Support for Tobacco Control Policies among Youth in North Carolina." North Carolina Medical Journal 67, no. 3 (May 2006): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.67.3.175.

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LeRoy, Lisa, Dana Jones Benet, Theresa Mason, W. David Austin, and Sherry Mills. "Empowering Organizations: Approaches to Tobacco Control through Youth Empowerment Programs." Health Education & Behavior 31, no. 5 (October 2004): 577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104268548.

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Andersen, Peter A., David B. Buller, Jenifer H. Voeks, Ron Borland, Donald Helme, and Erwin P. Bettinghaus. "Predictors of Government Officialsʼ Support for Youth Tobacco Control Policies." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 13, no. 6 (November 2007): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phh.0000296139.94670.ef.

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38

Karle, Heather, Edmond Shenassa, Christine Edwards, Don Werden, John Elder, and Lorraine Whitehorse. "Tobacco control for high-risk youth: Tracking and evaluation issues." Family & Community Health 16, no. 4 (January 1994): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199401000-00004.

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Tworek, Cindy, Ryoko Yamaguchi, Deborah D. Kloska, Sherry Emery, Dianne C. Barker, Gary A. Giovino, Patrick M. O’Malley, and Frank J. Chaloupka. "State-level tobacco control policies and youth smoking cessation measures." Health Policy 97, no. 2-3 (October 2010): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.04.009.

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40

Leão, Teresa, Julian Perelman, Luke Clancy, Laura Hoffmann, Jaana M. Kinnunen, Nora Mélard, Paulien A. W. Nuyts, et al. "Cost of youth tobacco-control policies in seven European countries." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz150.

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Abstract Background Tobacco-control policies have been suggested to reduce smoking among adolescents. However, there is limited evidence on the real-world costs of implementation in different settings. In this study, we aimed at estimating the costs of school smoking bans, school prevention programmes and non-school bans (smoking bans in non-educational public settings, bans on sales to minors and bans on point-of-sale advertising), implemented in Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Portugal, for 2016. Methods We retrospectively collected costs related to the inspection, monitoring and sanctioning activities related to bans and educational activities related to smoking prevention programmes. We used an ‘ingredients-based’ approach, identifying each resource used, quantity and unit value for one full year, under the state perspective. Costs were measured at national, regional, local and school-level and were informed by data on how these activities were performed in reality. Results Purchasing power parities adjusted-costs varied between €0.02 and €0.74 (average €0.24) per person (pp) for bans implemented outside schools. Mean costs of school smoking bans ranged from €3.31 to €34.76 (average €20.60), and mean costs of school educational programmes from €0.75 to €4.65 (average €2.92). Conclusions It is feasible to estimate costs of health policies as implemented in different settings. Costs of the tobacco control policies evaluated here depend mainly on the number of person-hours allocated to their implementation, and on the scale of intervention. Non-school bans presented the lowest costs, and the implementation of all policies cost up to €36 pp for 1 year.
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Caine, Julie, and Kabi Pokhrel. "Stories From the Field." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_2 (November 2011): 199S—206S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911419295.

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“Stories From the Field” is a series of short profiles of tobacco control programs and their leaders, showcasing promising technical assistance and training models in Louisiana, Puerto Rico, the Cherokee Nation, West Virginia, the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands. The series illuminates key themes of collaboration with diverse stakeholders, elimination of health disparities, building tobacco control coalitions, engaging youth to reduce commercial tobacco use, sustaining tobacco control efforts, and the use of the media to raise public awareness that are highlighted in the Health Promotion Practice Supplement Theme Issue, Training and Technical Assistance: Lessons Learned to Sustain Social Norm Changes in Tobacco Control. Common tobacco control strategies bind the stories together. Local knowledge, coalition building, community involvement, innovative partnerships, and educational outreach are at the core of all of these tobacco control projects.
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Phetphum, Chakkraphan, and Narongsak Noosorn. "Effects of a Youth-Engaging Intervention on Illegal Sales by Tobacco Retailers Near Schools in Thailand." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 6-7 (July 22, 2020): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520942686.

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This study assessed the effects of youth-engaging interventions on illegal sales by tobacco retailers near schools in Thailand. The youth were educated and engaged in the planning and implementation of a program to reduce tobacco retailers’ illegal sales in the Uttaradit Municipality, Thailand. Intervention components included community education, retailer education, and direct approaches to tobacco retailers. A study included a pretest-posttest control group. The 6-month intervention focused on 114 tobacco retailers. The posttest showed that the percentage of tobacco retailers violating the retail law decreased: tobacco product displays at points of sales decreased from 67.5% to 23.7%, single cigarette sales declined from 71.1% to 36.0%, and tobacco sales to minors decreased from 74.6% to 5.3%. Asking for identification or the buyer’s age before selling tobacco increased from 33.3% to 78.1%. The intervention led to a significant reduction in the violation of tobacco retail laws near schools.
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Richard, Lucie, Lise Gauvin, Louise Potvin, Jean-Louis Denis, and Natalie Kishchuk. "Making Youth Tobacco Control Programs More Ecological: Organizational and Professional Profiles." American Journal of Health Promotion 16, no. 5 (May 2002): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-16.5.267.

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Purpose. To identify the organizational and professional correlates of the integration of the ecological approach in Canadian public health organizations' tobacco control programs for youth. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Canadian public health organizations. Subjects. One hundred and ten tobacco control programs implemented in 90 organizations. The response rate for the organizations was 87%. Measures. Descriptions of programs were obtained by telephone interviews. An analytical procedure was applied to the program data to identify intervention settings, targets and strategies for each program. Using this information, a summary score of the integration of the ecological approach was estimated for each program. Organizational and professional variables were assessed by self-administered questionnaires to managers and professionals involved in these programs. Results. The level of integration of the ecological approach in programs was related to organizational (frequency of contacts and collaborations with external partners, team composition) and extraorganizational factors (size of the city in which the public health unit is located). Cognitive attributes of the practitioners (knowledge and beliefs) also emerged as significant predictors. Finally, positive associations were observed between practitioners' personal characteristics (educational achievement, working status in health promotion [full vs. part-time], previous experience, gender, and disciplinary/professional background) and cognitive predictors. Conclusions. Organizational environment and staff preparation play a critical role in the adoption of the ecological approach in tobacco control programs.
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Unger, Jennifer B., Frank J. Chaloupka, Donna Vallone, James F. Thrasher, Destiney S. Nettles, Tabitha P. Hendershot, and Gary E. Swan. "PhenX: Environment measures for Tobacco Regulatory Research." Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 1 (January 2020): s35—s42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054469.

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ObjectiveA Working Group (WG) of tobacco regulatory science experts identified measures for the tobacco environment domain.MethodsThis article describes the methods by which measures were identified, selected, approved and placed in the PhenX Toolkit.FindingsThe WG identified 20 initial elements relevant to tobacco regulatory science and determined whether they were already in the PhenX Toolkit or whether novel or improved measures existed. In addition to the 10 complementary measures already in the Toolkit, the WG recommended 13 additional measures: aided and confirmed awareness of televised antitobacco advertising, interpersonal communication about tobacco advertising, media use, perceived effectiveness of antitobacco advertising, exposure to smoking on television and in the movies, social norms about tobacco (for adults and for youth), worksite policies, youth cigarette purchase behaviours and experiences, compliance with cigarette packaging and labelling policies, local and state tobacco control public policies, and neighbourhood-level racial/ethnic composition. Supplemental measures included youth social capital and compliance with smoke-free air laws and with point of sale and internet tobacco marketing restrictions. Gaps were identified in the areas of policy environment (public and private), communications environment, community environment and social environment (ie, the norms/acceptability of tobacco use).ConclusionsConsistent use of these tobacco environment measures will enhance rigor and reproducability of tobacco research.
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Lantz, P. M. "Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies." Tobacco Control 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.9.1.47.

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Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Prakash C. Gupta, K. Srinath Reddy, Vinayak M. Prasad, Khalilur Rahman, Charles W. Warren, Nathan R. Jones, and Samira Asma. "Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2003 and 2006 Data to Tobacco Control Policy in India." Journal of School Health 78, no. 7 (July 2008): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00316.x.

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Wakefield, Melanie, George I. Balch, Erin Ruel, Yvonne Terry-McElrath, Glen Szczypka, Brian Flay, Sherry Emery, and Katherine Clegg-Smith. "Youth Responses to Anti-Smoking Advertisements From Tobacco-Control Agencies, Tobacco Companies, and Pharmaceutical Companies1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35, no. 9 (September 2005): 1894–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02201.x.

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Loyola, Enrique. "Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control." Preventive Medicine 47 (September 2008): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.08.004.

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Kilibarda, Biljana, and Dejana Vuković. "Smoking prevention among youth." Medicinski podmladak 71, no. 4 (2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mp71-28273.

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For majority of smokers, onset of smoking occurs during adolescence, period of intensive growth and development, and this early smoking initiation is associated with many adverse health effects. Smoking prevention measures include not only prevention of onset, but also prevention of transition from experimentation to chronic tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation. Effective preventive measures should be based on relevant theory and scientific evidence on behavior determinants. In this review article, we present evidence from researches on effectiveness of school programs, community-based programs, media campaigns and stress the importance of considering new challenges in tobacco control and other promising strategies, as well as the need for early detection of nicotine dependence signs among adolescents. In practice, many preventive measures are not based on theory and some interventions can be contra productive. Regardless of type of intervention and setting in which is implemented, it is of importance to take into account context for its implementation.
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Nikaj, Silda. "Peer Effects and Youth Smoking in the European Global Youth Tobacco Survey." Review of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0012.

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Abstract This paper investigates the effect of peer smoking on individual smoking among youths in 10 countries that participated in the European Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). I control for endogeneity in school selection and unobserved school-level characteristics through the use of school fixed-effects. I use instrumental variables to address the simultaneity in peer and individual behaviours. Identification arises by comparing students in different classes within the same school. On average, an increase in the share of classmates who smoke by 10 percentage points increases the probability that an individual in that class will smoke by 3 to 6.9 percentage points. The results imply that any policy intervention such as anti-smoking messages, smoking bans, or higher cigarette prices will be even more cost-effective because of the social multiplier effect of peers – policies affecting some individuals in a group will generate spillovers to others through the peer effect.
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