Academic literature on the topic 'Youth suicide rates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Youth suicide rates"
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Berkelmans, Guus, Rob van der Mei, Sandjai Bhulai, Saskia Merelle, and Renske Gilissen. "Demographic Risk Factors for Suicide among Youths in The Netherlands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041182.
Full textAbstract:
In 2000 to 2016 the highest number of suicides among Dutch youths under 20 in any given year was 58 in 2013. In 2017 this number increased to 81 youth suicides. To get more insight in what types of youths died by suicide, particularly in recent years (2013–2017) we looked at micro-data of Statistics Netherlands and counted suicides among youths till 23, split out along gender, age, regions, immigration background and place in household and compared this to the general population of youths in the Netherlands. We also compared the demographics of young suicide victims to those of suicide victims among the population as a whole. We found higher suicide rates among male youths, older youths, those of Dutch descent and youths living alone. These differences were generally smaller than in the population as a whole. There were also substantial geographical differences between provinces and healthcare regions. The method of suicide is different in youth compared to the population as a whole: relatively more youth suicides by jumping or lying in front of a moving object and relatively less youth suicides by autointoxication or drowning, whereas the most frequent method of suicide among both groups is hanging or suffocation.
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Park, B. C. Ben, Jeong Soo Im, and Kathryn Strother Ratcliff. "Rising Youth Suicide and the Changing Cultural Context in South Korea." Crisis 35, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000237.
Full textAbstract:
Background: South Korean society faces a serious challenge in the increasing rates of youth suicidal behavior. There is a need both to gain a better understanding of the causes of this behavior and to develop strategies for responding to this critical public health issue. Aims: This article analyzes how psychological, sociopsychological, and subcultural factors influence suicidal proneness among Korean youth as well as makes suggestions for developing social policies that could reduce Korean youth suicidal behaviors. Method: Correlation and multivariate regression analyses on suicide proneness and depression were employed using a sample of 172 South Korean youths (aged 18–24) selected from the 2009 General Social Survey collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: Young people’s suicidal proneness is associated with depression, a tolerant attitude toward suicide, strained family relations, living in rural areas, being female, and being closely related to survivors of suicide or potential suicides. Conclusion: The findings from this study reveal the significance of social and cultural factors as influences on recent youth suicidal behavior in Korea. The analysis suggests that the underlying risk factors of suicidal behavior are embedded in the changing social and cultural context of Korean society. Thus, suicide prevention efforts should involve more than merely treating any underlying psychiatric disorders.
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Fajkic, Almir, Orhan Lepara, Martin Voracek, Nestor D. Kapusta, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Leena Amiri, Gernot Sonneck, and Kanita Dervic. "Child and Adolescent Suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina Before and After the War (1992–1995)." Crisis 31, no. 3 (May 2010): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000021.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Evidence on youth suicides from Southeastern Europe is scarce. We are not aware of previous reports from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which experienced war from 1992 to 1995. Durkheim’s theory of suicide predicts decreased suicide rates in wartime and increased rates afterward. Aims: To compare child and adolescent suicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina before and after the war. Methods: Data on youth suicide for prewar (1986–90) and postwar (2002–06) periods were analyzed with respect to prevalence, sex and age differences, and suicide methods. Suicide data from 1991 through 2001 were not available. Results: Overall youth suicide rates were one-third lower in the postwar than in the prewar period. This effect was most pronounced for girls, whose postwar suicide rates almost halved, and for 15–19-year-old boys, whose rates decreased by about a one-fourth. Suicides increased among boys aged 14 or younger. Firearm suicides almost doubled proportionally and were the predominant postwar method, while the most common prewar method had been hanging. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate the need for public education in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the role of firearm accessibility in youth suicide and for instructions on safe storage in households. Moreover, raising societal awareness about suicide risk factors and suicide prevention is needed.
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Campbell, Anita, Murray Chapman, Cate McHugh, Adelln Sng, and Sivasankaran Balaratnasingam. "Rising Indigenous suicide rates in Kimberley and implications for suicide prevention." Australasian Psychiatry 24, no. 6 (September 26, 2016): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216665281.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: This audit examined the demographics of Indigenous Australians dying by suicide in the Kimberley region of Western Australia during the period 2005–2014. Methods: This is a de-identified retrospective audit of reported suicide deaths provided to Kimberley Mental Health and Drug Service during the period 2005–2014. Variables such as age, sex, method of suicide, previous engagement with mental health services, locality and ethnicity were assessed. Results: Indigenous suicide rates in the Kimberley region have dramatically increased in the last decade. There is also an overall trend upwards in Indigenous youth suicide and Indigenous female suicides. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for culturally informed, and youth focussed, suicide prevention interventions within the Kimberley region.
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Lester, David, and Michael L. Frank. "Youth Suicide and Illegitimacy Rates." Psychological Reports 61, no. 3 (December 1987): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.954.
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Pritchard, Colin. "Youth Suicide and Gender in Australia and New Zealand Compared with Countries of the Western World 1973–1987." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072096.
Full textAbstract:
Based upon standardised mortality figures, between 1973–1987, Australian male suicide rose by 39%, and New Zealand male suicide by 53%. In both countries there were even greater increases in male youth suicides (15–24 years), 66% and 127% respectively. The female suicide statistics were more varied with a fall of −24% in Australia, but an increase of 26% in New Zealand. In both countries however, female youth suicide, relative to their general rates, increased. A comparison of youth suicide in the western world demonstrated that Australia and New Zealand were unique as they were the only countries in which male and female youth suicide levels were higher than their average rates.
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Beautrais, Annette L. "Methods of Youth Suicide in New Zealand: Trends and Implications for Prevention." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (June 2000): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00690.x.
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Objective: One commonly suggested approach to reducing suicide is to restrict access to potentially lethal means of suicide. This paper summarises recent trends in methods of suicide among young people in New Zealand and examines the feasibility of suicide prevention through restricting access to methods of suicide. Method: Data derived from official mortality statistics were used to examine trends, from 1977 to 1996, in methods of suicide among young people aged 15–24 years. Results: During the last two decades, male youth suicide rates in New Zealand doubled, from 20.3 per 100 000 in 1977 to 39.5 per 100 000 in 1996. This increase was accounted for, almost entirely, by increased use of hanging (71% of total increase) and vehicle exhaust gas (26% of total increase). Suicide rates among young females also increased, from 4 per 100 000 in 1977 to 14.3 per 100 000 in 1996. As for males, the increased female suicide rate was largely accounted for by increased rates of hanging and vehicle exhaust gas. Conclusions: The marked increases in rates of youth suicide in New Zealand during the past two decades are accounted for, almost wholly, by increases in rates of suicide by hanging and, to a lesser extent, vehicle exhaust gas. In 1996 the majority (79.7%) of youth suicides were accounted for by these two methods: hanging (61.5%) and vehicle exhaust gas (18.2%). Both methods are widely available and difficult to restrict, implying that limiting access to means of suicide is a strategy which is unlikely to play a major role in reducing suicidal behaviour among young people in New Zealand.
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Disley, Barbara, and Carolyn Coggan. "Youth Suicide in New Zealand." Crisis 17, no. 3 (May 1996): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.17.3.116.
Full textAbstract:
It is increasingly acknowledged that suicidal behavior has a considerable impact on both individuals and society in terms of acute physical and mental health problems, long-term disability, and death, as well as quality of life and resource provision. In recent years there has been increasing concern about youth suicide rates. The escalation in suicide rates among individuals in the 15-24-year age group began around 1980 and has continued to rise. While this trend is evident in most OECD countries, the increase in New Zealand has been more substantial and sustained than in other countries. This article examines the occurrence of youth suicide in New Zealand. Next, an outline of New Zealand government and nongovernmental responses to youth suicide are presented. Finally, a variety of intervention options which take into account New Zealand societal conditions are outlined.
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Lester, David. "Youth Cohort Size and Suicide Rates." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.306.
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Youth suicide rates by state in 1970 were positively associated with their proportion in the population but not in 1989 Changes in the youth suicide rate over the 20-yr. period were not associated positively with changes in their cohort size.
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Lester, David. "Demographic Determinants of Youth Suicide Rates." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 180, no. 4 (April 1992): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199204000-00011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Youth suicide rates"
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Prosser, Anna Kristina, and n/a. "Having their say : some young men's beliefs and attitudes about being a man." University of Canberra. Teacher Education, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061106.161423.
Full textAbstract:
Western societies are increasingly becoming aware of the many problems facing boys and men. In
Australia these problems include one of the highest youth suicide rates in the world, a high divorce
rate, with most divorces being instigated by women, the breakdown of the family, and conflicting
messages about what it is to be 'a man'. This study examines and describes how a group of 15-17
year old young men, who attend a private single sex school in Canberra, describe their beliefs and
attitudes about becoming adult men. Participants were asked to respond to questions posed in a
survey designed specifically for this research. These questions looked at relationships, gender roles,
family, fatherhood, work and leisure and whether impending manhood appeared confusing. The
context in which participants are situated is one of cultural and social flux; it was the current
discourse and debate in Australia about how to be a man, men's issues, and the perception of men
in crisis, which gave this study its broad contextual frame.
Contrary to the conventional wisdom about boys/young men who attend elite private schools, the
participants in this study emerged as egalitarian and flexible in their attitudes with regard to
relationships, gender roles, parenting and work. This study therefore in part refutes the stereotypes,
which surround students at private boys' schools, including those that purport that these students
will hold predominantly hegemonic, traditional views about masculinity and their role as men.
This thesis presents the voices of some three hundred young men, adding to an area of research,
which is contested and vigorous in its development. By exploring the beliefs and attitudes of a
group of Australians who are on the brink of manhood tentative insights have been offered, and,
believe, some illumination gained. The dilemmas posed for meaningful adulthood for young men in
Australia are very real. We need to listen to what young men have to say.
Books on the topic "Youth suicide rates"
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Tse, Jeanie, Larissa Lai, and Sharon Sorrentino. Transition-Age Youth. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
As young people become adults and establish their independence, they make critical choices about relationships, education, and vocation. This transition is even more challenging for young people with histories of trauma, mental illness, and poor social supports, such as many youth aging out of the foster care system. Dishearteningly high rates of school dropout, homelessness, incarceration, and suicide in the 15- to 25-year-old age group have focused increasing attention on the needs of this population. This chapter presents strategies to engage these transition-age youth. Flexible but reliable, youth-led and future-oriented care breaks down treatment barriers so that youth can develop and achieve personal goals. Attention to the housing, vocational, and social support needs of these young people is crucial to their survival and success.
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Foster, Cynthia Ewell, Carlos E. Yeguez, and Cheryl A. King. Children and Adolescents With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.35.
Full textAbstract:
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth ages 10–19 in the US, with rates on the rise despite a surge in prevention and advocacy initiatives over the last decade. Suicide risk factors may include demographic characteristics, as well as clinical, family, and contextual factors. Best practices in screening and risk assessment and a variety of prevention strategies are reviewed, including universal, selected, and indicated prevention approaches. The evidence for psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments and crisis intervention strategies is reviewed. The suicide prevention field faces a number of research challenges, including the need for studies with sufficient statistical power, risk management considerations, and a growing understanding of the heterogeneity of youth at risk for suicide. Future directions include continued research collaborations, development of adapted/tailored screening and intervention approaches that account for youth heterogeneity, and the dissemination of suicide-specific evidence-based practices within healthcare and other youth-serving agencies.
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Phillips, Katharine A. Suicidality and Aggressive Behavior in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0013.
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This chapter reviews suicidality and aggressive/violent behavior in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and presents clinical cases, which reflect the extreme suffering that BDD often causes. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are common in BDD. This has been found in both clinical and epidemiologic samples and in adults as well as youth. More severe BDD symptoms are independently associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Suicidality appears more common in BDD than in obsessive-compulsive disorder and other clinical samples with which BDD has been directly compared. Although data are limited, the rate of completed suicide appears markedly elevated; indeed, individuals with BDD have many risk factors for completed suicide. Physical aggression and violence are less well studied but appear to commonly occur as a consequence of BDD. Surgeons, dermatologists, and other clinicians who provide cosmetic treatment may be at particular risk. Additional studies designed to investigate these topics are urgently needed.
Book chapters on the topic "Youth suicide rates"
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Harkavy-Friedman, Jill, and Herbert Hendin. "Targeted Youth Suicide Prevention Programs." In Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders, edited by Herbert Hendin, 507–14. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.003.0023.
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This chapter reviews examples of selective suicide prevention programs that have been developed for adolescents identified, or presumed, to be at increased risk for suicidal behavior. Although the youth targeted by such programs are considered to be particularly vulnerable to suicide, in most cases they had not yet exhibited specific signs of suicidal ideation and behavior. Discussed here are programs for five specific youth populations, each of which has shown elevated rates of suicidal behavior: Native American youth, youth with recent exposure to a suicide in the school or community, youth who have access to firearms in the home, youth who have been detained in the juvenile justice system, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Relatively few intervention programs for these populations have been developed to date. This chapter describes programs developed for each group, gives examples, and discusses the assumptions under which these programs operate.
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Painter, Kirstin, and Maria Scannapieco. "Depressive Disorders." In Understanding the Mental Health Problems of Children and Adolescents, 64–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927844.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 provides an overview of the causes and prevalence of depression in children and adolescents, followed by a discussion of brain research and genetic susceptibility of depressive disorders. A description of the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and issues specific to children and adolescents is presented. Suicide rates in young people in the United States continue to rise. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth aged 10–14 and the second leading cause of death among those 15–24 years old. An overview of risk and protective factors for suicide, warning signs, and information on intervening with suicidal youth is presented. Eating disorders are addressed in this chapter due to the high co-occurrence of eating disorders with depression, suicide, and the serious health complications that accompany them. The chapter ends with real-life case studies followed by questions for consideration or class discussion.
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Hendin, Herbert. "Suicide Prevention International (SPI)." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 785–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0094.
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Suicide Prevention International (SPI) was developed with the intention of addressing the increasing rates of suicide and depression worldwide; with a specific focus on developing countries as well as large areas of industrialized countries. The organization is made up of an international network of experts in various areas related to suicide, mental health, and public health. SPI’s scientific advisory council includes representatives from 22 countries with expertise in suicide prevention, public health, healthcare economics, social medicine, youth suicide, suicide in the elderly, and in the problems of those who have lost a loved one to suicide. This chapter provides a description of the organization, as well as the important projects which are being undertaken by SPI in order to treat depression and prevent suicide.
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Kral, Michael J. "The Dynamics of Inuit Social Transformation." In The Return of the Sun, 1–46. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190269333.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses the social–historical background against which Inuit youth have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It takes a community, cultural, and historical perspective and considers the view that suicide is a symbol of social suffering. The chapter examines the dominant forms of sociocultural change among Inuit during the past several decades. Although White people arrived in the Arctic in the early 20th century as missionaries, police, and a large fur-trading company, the most significant force of change in Inuit history was the moving of Inuit from their land camps into crowded settlements in the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this imperialism/colonialism is discussed, as is hunting, sharing, and schooling.
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Deshpande, Saahil, and Jim Warren. "Self-Harm Detection for Mental Health Chatbots." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210118.
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Chatbots potentially address deficits in availability of the traditional health workforce and could help to stem concerning rates of youth mental health issues including high suicide rates. While chatbots have shown some positive results in helping people cope with mental health issues, there are yet deep concerns regarding such chatbots in terms of their ability to identify emergency situations and act accordingly. Risk of suicide/self-harm is one such concern which we have addressed in this project. A chatbot decides its response based on the text input from the user and must correctly recognize the significance of a given input. We have designed a self-harm classifier which could use the user’s response to the chatbot and predict whether the response indicates intent for self-harm. With the difficulty to access confidential counselling data, we looked for alternate data sources and found Twitter and Reddit to provide data similar to what we would expect to get from a chatbot user. We trained a sentiment analysis classifier on Twitter data and a self-harm classifier on the Reddit data. We combined the results of the two models to improve the model performance. We got the best results from a LSTM-RNN classifier using BERT encoding. The best model accuracy achieved was 92.13%. We tested the model on new data from Reddit and got an impressive result with an accuracy of 97%. Such a model is promising for future embedding in mental health chatbots to improve their safety through accurate detection of self-harm talk by users.
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Sepulveda, Aviril, Dean M. Coffey, Jed David, Horacio Lopez, Kamil Bantol, and Joyce R. Javier. "Creating a Culture of Mental Health in Filipino Immigrant Communities through Community Partnerships." In Leading Community Based Changes in the Culture of Health in the US - Experiences in Developing the Team and Impacting the Community. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98458.
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One out of five children in the United States has a mental, emotional, or behavioral health diagnosis. Behavioral health issues cost America $247 billion per year and those with mental health disorders have poorer health and shorter lives. Evidence-based parenting interventions provided in childhood have proven to be effective in helping parents to prevent disruptive, oppositional and defiant behaviors, anxiety and depressive symptoms, tobacco, alcohol, and drug misuse, aggression, delinquency, and violence. Yet, few parents participate in such programs, especially hard-to-reach, underserved minority and immigrant populations. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has identified a culture of health action framework that mobilizes individuals, communities, and organizations in order to examine ways to improve systems of prevention, invest in building the evidence base for such systems, and provide evidence-based information to decision makers. The overarching goal of this effort was to create a culture of mental health among Filipinos, a large, yet understudied immigrant community that is affected by alarming mental health disparities, including high rates of adolescent suicide ideation and attempts. Our impact project focused on increasing the reach of the Incredible Years® because maximizing the participation of high-risk, hard-to-engage populations may be one of the most important ways to increase the population-level impact of evidence-based parenting programs. If the approach succeeded with Filipinos, comparable strategies could be used to effectively reach other underserved populations in the U.S., many of whom are reluctant to seek behavioral health services. In this chapter we discuss 1) the state of the literature on the topic of Filipino adolescent mental health disparities; 2) our wicked problem and the impact project aimed at ameliorating this issue; 3) how our team formed and implemented our impact project; 4) outcomes and results of our efforts; 5) challenges we faced and how they were overcome; 6) the leadership and health equity skills that were most helpful in addressing our problem; and 7) a toolkit that could assist other communities addressing youth mental health and prevention of suicide and depression.
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Williams, Terry. "Afterword." In Teenage Suicide Notes, 185–208. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231177900.003.0011.
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I sing sometimes for the war that I fight, ’cause every tool is a weapon, if you hold it right. —Ani DiFranco, “My IQ” American kids are losing ground, showing all the symptoms of social, parental, and personal neglect. Many are left to fend for themselves, and barely manage. Teenage suicides continue and grown-ups do not seem to be getting the point. Our collective failure to confront the rate at which our teens are self-destructing is one of the reasons I have written this book. Although school shootings have opened the nation’s eyes to youth violence and have inspired a full-scale examination, teen suicide is still shrouded in denial, though it would be difficult to find an adult in America who does not know at least one seriously troubled or disturbed teenager—either within their own family or among the families of friends or relatives. And most would probably admit that they have no idea how to understand a problem that threatens to tear the American family apart....
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Romer, Daniel. "Conclusion: Successes Since the First Edition and Pressing Issues for the Future of Adolescent Mental and Behavioral Health." In Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders, 633–38. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.003.0032.
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Despite improvements in the delivery of care for adolescent mental and behavioral conditions since the first edition of this book, many challenges remain. This concluding chapter highlights some of the most pressing issues. These include the need for more mental health care practitioners, a greater evidence base for the treatment of adolescent conditions, and more focus on reducing family poverty. Given the high rates of gun violence, including homicides and suicides, efforts are needed to reduce access to these weapons. Promising directions in research and the need for a national youth development strategy are also discussed.
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Wright, Michelle F. "Cyberbullying." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 153–73. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4047-2.ch009.
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Cyberbullying has become a major focus of not only youths, educators, and researchers, but also among the general population, due to high profile cases of cyberbullying victimization involving suicide and the increasing prevalence of these behaviors. The purpose of this chapter is to examine cyberbullying among children and adolescents, referred to as “youths” throughout the chapter. An extension of traditional bullying, cyberbullying is a form of bullying which takes place by means of electronic technologies, such as email, instant messaging, social networking websites, and text messaging through mobile devices. Drawing on research from a variety of disciplines, such as psychology, education, social work, sociology, and computer science, this chapter describes the definition of cyberbullying, the electronic technologies used, the prevalence rates, characteristics and risk factors, negative psychosocial and academic difficulties, theoretical frameworks, recommendations, and future directions.
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"Adolescent Health Management." In Psycho-Socio-Physical Dimensions of Adolescent Health Management, 118–59. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7384-5.ch005.
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The present state of affairs of adolescent health status clearly shows that the condition of today's youth has significantly deteriorated as revealed by severe malnutrition, poor reproductive health, high aggression, increased depression, increased suicidal rates, drug use, substance abuse, etc., which are the clear indications of the challenges that adolescents are facing. No doubt that they are at risk because they lack social support to seek accurate information and services. In such a scenario, there is an urgent need to provide today's youth with new set of ways and systems to deal with the changing demands of life. It is essential that the adolescents be helped to develop skills inherently to handle a wide variety of choices, changes, and the stressors. It calls for a need of life skill education for adolescents so as to enable them to develop psycho-social competencies and interpersonal skills which help them to make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and develop coping and self-management skills so as to enable them to lead a healthy and productive life.
Reports on the topic "Youth suicide rates"
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Social cohesion and integration in schools reduces suicidal behaviour rate. ACAMH, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10659.
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Emerging data suggest that strengthening positive social bonds and improving social integration might reduce suicidal behaviours in youth to date; little research has studied the effect of social integration, on suicide behaviours, with reference to a young person’s social network structure — namely, an individual’s position within their network and the patterns of relationships among members of the network.