Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Youth participation'
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Lamb, Matthew. "Young Conservatives, Young Socialists and the great youth abstention : youth participation and non-participation in political parties." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/518/.
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This thesis is an investigation into participation and non-participation by young people in British political parties. Falling turnout in British elections has lead to concern about the level of popular participation in the political system, especially amongst the young. Those between 18 and 25 are less likely to involve themselves in political activity than any other age group. This thesis argues that political parties and their grassroots members are still vital to British democracy and that the failure of both parties to recruit young members is leading to increasingly aged and inactive parties. Even measuring the extent of youth membership of the main parties is problematic due to a lack of accurate membership figures. The figures available show that whilst neither the Labour nor the Conservative Party has enjoyed unqualified success in recruiting young members, Labour has enjoyed comparative success in increasing its youth membership in the period 1970-2001 both absolutely and as proportion of the total membership. I have argued that whilst there is research on participation and non-participation there is little specific on the particular area of young people and political parties. I have suggested and evaluated competing explanations of this problem and I have been able to develop and test a youth-specific model of participation and non-participation. This model builds on the general incentive model developed by Seyd and Whiteley but provides a more comprehensive, and youth specific, model of both participation and non-participation. This new model builds considerably on our understanding of why young people choose to join, or not join, a political party. However, a static sample only takes me so far. A study of the Labour and Conservative youth organisations also shows that they have contributed to their relative success or failure through popular perceptions of their image and through the relationship with their parent parties. My improved model of participation and non-participation is complemented by a consideration that the mobilisation model contributes to understanding trends in membership. Those youth organisations that are able to recruit actively with support from the parent party are more likely to succeed than those who are not. I have provided a detailed and critical study of the Labour and Conservative youth organisations, the first such study since 1970. From this study I have helped explain the comparative success of the Labour Party and the comparative failure of the Conservative Party in recruiting young members. Both party’s youth organisations suffered from poor perceptions of extremism, infighting and unfashionability at certain times in the period under study which helped deter potential members. These problems were often compounded by a poor relationship between the youth organisation and the parent party. However, whilst, eventually, the Labour Party was able to solve these problems to a certain extent, the Conservative Party has yet to find a solution to its recruitment problems amongst young people.
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Dano, Nqaba. "Investigating youth perceptions of youth participation in development: a focus on community engagement as a platform for youth/student participation at Rhodes University." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1444.
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The main objective of the study is to investigate youth perceptions of youth participation in development with a focus on the Rhodes Community Engagement programme as a platform for youth participation. The study was inspired by trying to locate the position that youth put themselves in when they regard their own participation in development. It was further motivated by trying to gain perspectives from the youth themselves because most discourses on youth rarely feature their own voices. The study utilized a qualitative methodology with an interpretive paradigm, which used semi-structured in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The theoretical framework used was the notion of participatory development. The literature consulted was broken up into participation in development which looked at the history of participation and the need for participation, the importance of participation and the limits of participation and the type of participation. It looked at youth participation, the definition of youth as a group in society and the discourses that surround how youth are defined; lastly it looked at community engage in higher education, the role students place in community engagement and the nature of Rhodes Community engagement. The data was discussed and analysed following the above mentioned themes which were participation in development, youth participation and community engagement. From the data collected it was made evident that if youth are given more spaces and chances to actively participate they could challenge prominent discourses that treat them as irresponsible minors and exclude them from decision-making processes that directly affect them and the society within which they live.
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Giovengo, Melinda Ann. "Determinants of program participation for homeless youth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7914.
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Seto, Ming-wai, and 司徒明慧. "Youth work organizations and the nurturing of future youth leaders forpolitical participation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46776138.
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Leung, Pui-yiu Irene. "The impact of participation in community organizations on the political attitudes and behaviours of youths." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13115364.
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Alm, Josef. "Youth political participation in an emerging democracy : A case study of political participation among Tanzanian youths in urban Mwanza." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46052.
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This thesis is based on a case study of Tanzanian youths’ political participation in urban Mwanza. The purpose of this study is to examine how urban youths understand their participation in various political activities in an emerging democracy like Tanzania. The research question guiding the study is how youths understand and value voting in elections in comparison to other forms of political participation. The study focuses on three different political activities; to vote, to contact a politician and to participate in a demonstration. The three political activities are combined with Verba et al.’s (1995) theory of the attributes of political activities into a theoretical analysis model. The thesis uses a qualitative methodology based on 19 semi-structured interviews with Tanzanian youths living in urban Mwanza. The results indicated that the youths in Mwanza understood voting as their prime opportunity to communicate their political voices to politicians. However, the youths expressed that political activities beyond voting facilitate them with opportunities to communicate more specific political messages to politicians multiple times.
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Luke, Anne. "Youth culture and the politics of youth in 1960s Cuba." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/20492.
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The triple coordinates of youth, the Sixties and the Cuban Revolution interact to create a rich but relatively unexplored field of historical research. Previous studies of youth in Cuba have assumed a separation between young people and the Revolution, and either objectify young people as units that could be mobilized by the Revolution, or look at how young people deviated from the perceived dominant ideology of the Revolution. This study contends that, rather than being passive in the face of social and material change, young people in 1960s Cuba were active agents in that change, and played a role in defining what the Revolution was and could become. The model built here to understand young people in 1960s Cuba is based on identity theory, contending that youth identity was built at the point where young people experienced – and were responsible for forging – an emerging dominant culture of youth. The latter entered Cuban consciousness and became, over the course of the 1960s, a part of the dominant national-revolutionary identity. It was determined by three factors: firstly, leadership discourse, which laid out the view of what youth could, should or must be within the Revolution, and also helped to forge a direct relationship between the Revolution and young people; secondly, policy initiatives which linked all youth-related policy to education, therefore linking policy to the radical national tradition stemming from Martí; and thirdly, influence from outside Cuba and the ways in which external youth movements and youth cultures interplayed with Cuban culture. Through these three, youth was in the ascendancy, but, where young people challenged the positive picture of youth, moral panics ensued. Young people were neither inherent saints nor accidental sinners in Cuba in the 1960s, and sought multiple ways in which to express themselves. Firstly, they played their role as activists through the youth organisations, the AJR and the UJC. These young people were at the cutting edge of the canonised vision of youth, and consequently felt burdened by a failure to live up to such an ideal. Secondly, through massive voluntary participation in building the Revolution, through the Literacy Campaign, the militias and the aficionados groups, many young people in the 1960s internalised the Revolution and developed a revolutionary consciousness that defines their generation today. Finally, at the margin of the definition of what was considered revolutionary sat young cultural producers – those associated with El Puente, Caimán Barbudo and the Nueva Trova, and their audience – who attempted to define and redefine what it meant to be young and revolutionary. These groups all fed the culture of youth, and through them we can start to understand the uncertainties of being young, revolutionary and Cuban in this effervescent and convulsive decade.
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Phaswana, Edith. "Youth participation : The influence of approaches and setting on youths experiences in South Africa." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506713.
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Youth participation as a theoretical, practical and policy approach is increasing globally. This thesis examines the experiences of elected youth leaders' participating in three selected settings (school councils, youth councils and youth organisations) in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to explore different projects (activities) and approaches (ways of involving youth) taken to participation; and to investigate the influence of approaches and settings (the environment where youth participate) on youths' experiences. A qualitative interpretive approach was adopted to conduct this research. Twenty-two indepth interviews and five focus group discussions were held with a purposively selected sample of elected youth leaders aged 15-34 years in Limpopo, South Africa. Additional interviews were done with staff members who worked directly with the youth leaders. To explore the approaches, a model suggesting possible approaches to participation was adapted and used to tease out various approaches at the study site. By focussing on a specific project, alternative approaches were identified across the sample: youth autonomy, adultyouth partnerships, youth-led collaboration and adult-led collaboration. When youth leaders reflected on their experiences, it was apparent that an opportunity for social learning was created, and this had a positive impact on them. However, there were relational experiences across all settings that are likely to affect youth in a negative way. Their observations of, and encounters with, different adults within these settings challenge professionals working with youth to review their practices. The findings also provide an insight into the setting-specific challenges that need to be taken into account to promote meaningful engagement of youth. The study contributes to the field of community youth development by providing empirical evidence of the importance of institutional characteristics that need to be taken into account in programme action. Youth leaders' accounts add to literature on youth participation by providing an alternative (youth) perspective of participation practices and experiences in a developing country context. This perspective emphasises how traditional notions of being young clashes with the principles of youth participation. Contextual factors are also likely to constrain meaningful engagement of youth in this context.
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Callingham, Christina. "Youth Engagement in Northern Communities: A Narrative Exploration of Aboriginal Youth Participation in a Positive Youth Development Program." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32869.
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This qualitative study aimed to enhance our understanding of youth engagement experiences from the perspective of Aboriginal youth living in the Canadian North, as positive youth development programs can foster community engagement among youth and may have implications for Aboriginal youth involvement in community healing. With an asset-based orientation that recognizes that youths’ strengths co-exist with, and are understood in relation to, environmental challenges, narrative inquiry was used to explore the experiences of six Aboriginal youth who participated in a program that promotes community engagement. Rich participant accounts resulted in better understanding youth engagement as a profound culture-bound process rather than simple participation in a program, and illuminates the importance of positive relationships, adult support, and pre-program community involvement to building subsequent engagement. This study has implications specific to Aboriginal youth as having a role in promoting health and healing in their communities through their engagement.
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BRIDGLAND, SORENSON Judith, and jbridgland@ ecu edu au. "CONSTRAINTS TO YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN THE CURRENT FEDERAL POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT." Edith Cowan University. Community Services, Education And Social Sciences: School Of International, Cultural And Community Studies, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0008.html.
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This research explores the constraints to youth participation through the mechanism of the National Youth Roundtable. In 1999 the National Youth Roundtable was established as the centrepiece of the Federal Government's `Voices of Youth' initiative, designed to go to the grass roots of the youth population and seek their participation on matters of policy development. This was to be the new interface between young people and the Australian government, replacing the peak body for youth affairs as a more effective participation mechanism.
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Gutierrez, Sanchez Braulio Francisco. "Hej Åsikter! : An Ecosystem of Child and Youth Participation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89306.
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One of the major contributions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child(UNCRC) to the context of children’s rights was the introduction of participation.In addition to the right to provision and protection, participation gives children theright to express their opinions in all matters affecting them. Furthermore, theyhave to be provided the opportunity to be heard. As part of their continuedcommitment towards children’s rights, Sweden has now decided to incorporatethe UNCRC to its legislation. Based on this context and drawing from literatureabout children's rights and participation, and a study case of youth participationand culture, the project seeks to create a model that promotes and improvechildren’s and young people’s participation an influence. Thus, the project aimsto contribute to the applied research field and inform on practical approaches tochildren’s participation and influence. As a result, the project proposes HejÅsikter! An ecosystem for children’s and young people’s participation, wheredifferent stakeholders benefits from collaborative and coordinated work andultimately achieve children’s acknowledgement and empowerment.
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MacLeod, Iain M. "Youth participation and the Scottish Parliament : accessibility and participation for children and young people." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/508.
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The Scottish Parliament which (re)convened in 1999 was designed to engender a new style of political practice. This ‘new politics’ was intended to address perceived failures within the ‘Westminster approach’ to policy‐making and the ‘democratic deficit’ believed to have emerged during the 1980s in Scotland. Key to achieving this were four principles around which the Parliament’s operations were designed: power‐sharing; accountability; accessibility and participation; and equal opportunities. Citing accessibility and participation as the ‘cornerstone’ of their work, the Parliament’s institutional architects (the Consultative Steering Group) argued that devolution should deliver a participatory democracy, with proactive efforts to be made by the Parliament to involve groups traditionally excluded from the policy process. Due to the increasing prominence in recent years of discourse relating to young people’s disillusionment with organised politics and the CSG’s recommendation that every effort should be made to include them in the new Parliament’s work, this research examines the degree to which greater accessibility to and participation in the Parliament’s work has been delivered for children and young people during the Parliament’s first two terms (1999‐2007). Findings are based upon a mixed‐methodological case‐study approach, involving an audit of the Parliament's activity and qualitative input from MSPs, Parliament staff, representatives of youth charities / organisations / advocacy groups, and young people themselves. The thesis argues that progress has been more pronounced in relation to accessibility than participation for younger people. The neoinstitutionalist theoretical framework suggests that insufficient rule specification in relation to the value of public participation and younger people has resulted in the emergence of hybridised logics of appropriate behaviour, particularly among parliamentarians. The result is the persistence of attitudes and practices which appear to reinforce aspects of Westminster practice and an adultist approach to young people’s role in politics. Drawing upon recent developments in neoinstitutionalist theories of reliable reproduction, institutional breakdown and gradual change, the thesis examines the institutional logic behind the failure to consolidate the Parliament’s founding vision.
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Maynard, Karen Kimberly. "Fostering youth engagement:." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2830.
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Dean, Jon. "Cultures of participation: delivering youth volunteering in contemporary Britain." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592016.
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The 'big society' policy agenda of the United Kingdom coalition government has come under immense criticism. From being 'a cover for cuts' to mere 'aspirational waffle', the big society has provoked debate and anger across the political spectrum. If it is to succeed however, how the next generation of citizens, those aged 16 to 25, respond to programmes aimed at increasing their civic and community engagement will be vital. Drawing on qualitative research with volunteer brokerage workers and young volunteers in two localities in England, this research addresses what role volunteering currently plays in the lives 'of young people. Through situating volunteering policies within a governmentality framework, as part of a history of population development and control by the state, we see how young people have been increasingly implored to become 'responsible' citizens through volunteering. Utilising both Foucauldian and Bourdieuian social theory, it is demonstrated that social class is a significant determinant in young people's relationships to volunteering and wider participation, and that the current delivery of volunteering programmes for young people exacerbates this divide. This is witnessed between a largely instrumentalised middle·class engagement, and Significant cultures of inhabited alienation within working-class youth. Concurrently, through taking an approach inspired by Bourdieu and Mills of reflexive sociology, and drawing on the author's own biography and emotional response to the fieldwork, this research seeks to understand epistemological questions of subjectivity. It will be argued that biographical reflection needs to be built into research methodology in order to produce honest, accessible, and Scientifically rigorous public sociology.
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Lellock, John Slade. "Socioeconomic Status and Youth Participation in Extracurricular Arts Activities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24785.
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A growing amount of research finds that the accumulation of, investment in, and mobilization of certain cultural resources are significant predictors of children's advantageous social development in both institutional settings and interpersonal relationships. Several theories and empirical analyses illustrate the importance of children's leisure-time activities in the accumulation of valuable resources. These cultural resources confer advantages to children, especially in educational settings (e.g. teachers' perception of students, intellectual development, and academic outcomes) because these arenas are often key spaces for social mobility. However, few research studies attempt to empirically pinpoint the socioeconomic origins of children's cultural (dis)advantages. This notable gap in the research literature can be addressed by examining family-level predictors of the accumulation and transmission of these cultural resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between family-level socioeconomic status and children's participation in structured, extracurricular, arts-based activities as well as cultural performance attendance. Drawing on Bourdieu's (1984) concept of 'cultural capital' and Lareau's (2002; 2003) concept of 'concerted cultivation', this study explores whether or not socioeconomic status is a significant predictor of children's participation in extracurricular arts activities as well as attendance of cultural performances using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Child Development Supplement (CDS-II). I evaluate Lareau's class analysis and expand upon it by disaggregating the key dimensions of socioeconomic status and identifying which are the most salient for increased participation in arts-based activities among children in the United States context. I provide a detailed analysis and discussion of the nuanced relationships between socioeconomic status measures and youth participation in the arts.Master of Science
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Kvedaraite, Goda. "Youth participation in NGOs in post-soviet country Lithuania." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21728.
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This paper focuses on youth volunteering in the post – communist societies, more specifically, in the post- soviet country Lithuania. Volunteering as a formal action performed by organizations is well known in Western Europe for ages, but in Eastern European countries, especially in Baltics it has been a new phenomenon after the collapse of the former Soviet Union.During the communist regime, volunteering was compulsory for young and for old generations. In this period of time not only the volunteering was under Soviet Union control but also the civil society, which was the keystone of voluntary activities. After the fall of the communist regime volunteering levels in Eastern Europe have decreased. However, in Lithuania volunteering in NGOs has recently become one of the most popular culture movements of youth. This research paper aims to raise an awareness on the positive and negative impacts of it. Chapter first addresses to the significance of the topic; chapter second critically reviews the existing theoretical underpinnings related to the theme; chapter three represents the story of Lithuania; chapter four is focused on the research carried out. Addressing the issues of youth engagement in NGOs this paper concludes that research made together with literature review can be sufficient enough to justify the negative reasons of the youth engagement in NGOs in post- soviet state.
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Rufino, De Oliveira Neto G. (Gilberto). "Empathy as a social change factor through youth participation." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811233103.
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This Bachelor’s thesis is a theoretical work based on an integrative literature review which explores empathy as determining factor for youth participation towards social change, bringing together an interdisciplinary understanding of empathy as a phenomenon and introduces the definition for youth participation. This thesis combines literature from authors such as Roman Krznaric, Barry Checkoway, M. Alex Wagaman, etc. that discuss the role of empathy and youth participation for social change from historical, educational, evolutionary and psychological standpoints, among others. After thorough review and discussions which combine research on empathy and youth participation together, examples are examined considering real events which illustrate all that has been brought up in terms of the role of empathy as social change factor through youth participation. Finally, the thesis analyses the essential role empathy has on altruistic behavior and finds an important element for engagement that youth experiences when participating: psychological empowerment. Considering youth as important agents of social change, empathic capacity development is a key to impact positively the society as well as the young people themselves. The aim of this thesis is to raise awareness on the importance of developing the empathy capacity in a more in-depth and in a wider diversity of contexts.
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Eriksson, Lilly. "Participation and disability : a study of participation in school for children and youth with disabilities /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-831-2/.
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Booker, Angela Norvelle. "Learning to get participation right(s) : an analysis of youth participation in authentic civic practice /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Morozumi, Tatsuhei. "Reinterpretation of Youth Participation : Longitudinal and International Comparative Study on Youth Policy in Sweden and Japan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147344.
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There is a growing concerns about reconstructing youth policy in many parts of the world in reflection to the issue on youth. Especially, in the post industrialized countries such as Sweden and Japan, young people's participation became one of the prioritized theme of national youth policy. Despite the implementation of youth policy and local practices in regards to youth participation in both of the countries, there is a clear difference in young people's notion and behavior in participation into society. The paper attempted to answer a question: what is the factor that shapes young people's different notion on participation? This qualitative study had investigated modern national youth policy documents in Sweden and Japan with focus on youth participation. Thematic contents analysis was employed as a methodology of this research in order to conduct comparative analysis. To grab context of youth participation in the respective countries, key concepts: youth participation and youth policy as well as historical development of youth policy in each countries were described. Analysis with self-organized framework found that the two countries shares several commonalities in youth policy such as rights perspectives, cross sectorial approach, social inclusion of risky young people and promotion of independence. However, policies in reality for participation of young people are implemented in differently, which reflects different recognition on youth participation in the contexts of the respective countries.
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Pagano-Therrien, Jesica. "Research Participation Decision-Making Among Youth and Parents of Youth with Chronic Health Conditions: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/44.
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The purpose and aims of this qualitative descriptive study were to describe how past experiences with research (including communication, information, values and support) may contribute to research fatigue among youth and parents of youth with HIV, CF, and T1D. Eighteen parents and youth were purposively recruited from outpatient subspecialty clinics at a major academic medical center. They took part in qualitative interviews, completed a demographics form, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. Youth participants also completed the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory. Two major themes emerged: blurred lines and hope for the future. Research fatigue was not found in this sample. Results point to challenges with informed consent in settings where research and clinical care are integrated, and suggest that protective factors allow for continued participation without excess burden on youth and parents. Strategies to minimize research fatigue and support engagement in research are offered.
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Niba, Jude A. "Examining extrinsic rewards and participation motivation in male youth soccer." Thesis, United States Sports Academy, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3582358.
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This study purposely examined the types of extrinsic rewards in male youth soccer programs and measures those that are most preferred by players to influence their participation motivation. It also checked if young soccer players skew towards programs that provide more reward opportunities. For this reason, 1000 teenage soccer players were randomized in an online survey administered by a community-based organization. 800 chose programs that provided extrinsic rewards and identified fame, trophies, travel, scholarship, exposure opportunities and money as the six main rewards that influenced their decision to join soccer programs.
A Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) was then modified using the identified factors and issued to 400 participants between ages 14-18 years, randomly selected from 20 Las Vegas soccer clubs in another survey to rank extrinsic rewards according to importance. Data was collected and entered into the SPSS 17.0 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Cronbach alpha was applied to measure internal consistencies based on the demographics and attitudes towards participation motivation. One way ANOVA sought to determine the extent to which the identified extrinsic rewards affected participation motivation, and regression analysis examined the relationships across all factors.
Results from data analysis revealed that, exposure opportunities constituted the most important extrinsic reward that influenced young male soccer players' decision to join soccer programs. Scholarship, travel, fame, money and trophies followed suit. One-way ANOVA showed that race had a significant effect on scholarship, exposure opportunities, and fame. Multivariate regressions revealed that young players that are more motivated by scholarship, fame and travel tended to have higher ability levels. These effects were held even after adjusting for grade and age.
Results from the online survey also concluded that more young players tend to be attracted to soccer programs that provide extrinsic reward opportunities. Thus, extrinsic rewards should be considered and included in programs to enhance motivation.
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Powley, Terry. "The concept and practice of participation in the youth service." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357015.
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Dominski, Hilke G. "LGB,T youth experiences of bullying : power, intersectionality and participation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49332/.
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The ensuing thesis is the result of an in-depth interrogation of the following research question: What are the school experiences of LGB,T youth? Despite much research on homophobic bullying in school, little is known about how power intersects and prolongs a bullying event after the initial victimization is over. This study sheds a light on this issue, examining how LGB,T youth understand bullying, their capacity within individual events, while uncovering how power shapes a bullying incident. The first part of the thesis forms the central argument demonstrating key principles underpinning challenges sexual minority youth face while at school. Interrogating political and neoliberal influences, this thesis introduces young people’s stories through multiple lenses. This thesis uncovers schools ineffectual use of inclusion policy revealing policy and practice are failing young people. Furthermore, LGB,T young people’s human rights are also largely overlooked in policy practice. Not treated as having the same rights as other students interferes with their education, and therefore, their human rights. The first two chapters are grounded in present literature as demonstrated in chapter three, which is followed by methodologies in chapter four, rounding out the first section. Chapters five through seven establish the second part of this thesis. Here the reader is introduced to young people’s accounts unpacking bullying incidents. Introducing critical incidents revealed through narrative inquiry, leads to an interrogation of bullying and how power punctuates, intersecting a single event. While chapter eight concludes this thesis. Up to thirty young people participated in sessions, ranging in ages from sixteen to nineteen. Eighteen filled out a questionnaire, while surveys ranged from eight to seventeen participants. Eighteen participated with the one-to-one interview lasting from 30 to 60 minutes. Interviews revealed all young people had experienced bullying at school while several were severely physically bullied and harmed. Girls reported experiencing and identifying bullying differently than boys, while boys reported struggling with homophobic bullying representing their lost male privilege suggesting girls and boys experienced, perceived and defined bullying and power differently. Results revealed not everything defined as bullying, is understood as such. Additionally, power exerted onto the victim during a bullying incident came from multiple sources. First, it came rom the initial attacker then moved to the teacher attempting to resolve the incident, and then to the administration. How they interrogated bullying informed and prolonged a bullying incident long after the initial event ceased. This thesis will reveal how bullying is understood and addressed in schools is ineffective due to its universal ideology considering all experience as the same, and is faulty.
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Baker, Razan. "Online social networks and Saudi youth participation in physical activity." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14522.
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Previous studies targeting youth participation in physical activity have argued that self-motivation is the main key to increasing participation. However, few studies have focused specifically on the role of structural factors in prompting youth participation in physical activity. The structure may include people, and institutions that are introducing, providing and facilitating physical activity to youth. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of the structure surrounding youth. The study takes youth in Saudi Arabia aged 15-24 as its subjects in order to examine the use of three online social networks (OSNs), i.e., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, for communication and exchange of resources and the influence on participation of key decision makers such as home (parents and siblings), school (Ministry of Education and PE teachers), physical activity and sports clubs (General Authority of Sports [GAS]), and friends. The study uses mixed methods and follows the social network structural theory to examine how the exchange of resources (e.g., information, emotional support, financial support, and facilities and services) takes place between agent and structure. The main findings are that the structure plays a role in influencing participation among Saudi youth. Friends are of great influence, as they occupy the longest hours of youth time both at school, where friends interact in person, and outside of school, where friends communicate through OSNs. An Islamic and conservative society prevails in Saudi Arabia, where 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. Therefore, in addition to the structural factors noted above, religion is also investigated. Indeed, Islam drives motivation in this large conservative group as individuals learn to obey and implement the religious advice and Islamic teachings of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), including those messages with relation to becoming a healthy and strong Muslim. Finally, the study also focuses on the participation of Saudi female youth in physical activity. Due to cultural reasons preventing women from participating in physical activity as freely and equally as their male peers in the country, Saudi Arabia has seen an increasing percentage of obese women. The main aim of this research is to understand the relationship between agency and structure and thereby to identify the role of structure in increasing the participation of youth in physical activity. The research question (How do OSNs facilitate Saudi youth participation in physical activity?) investigates the relationship between agency and structure to delineate the pattern of information exchange regarding resources for involvement in physical activity. Through the use of mixed methods including face-to-face interviews, online survey and digital ethnography, the researcher investigates how youth social networks function both offline and online. The study concludes that decision makers in the field of physical activity participation in Saudi Arabia vary in their level of encouragement, influence and communication. Family members do not seem to communicate with youth via online platforms, but they do play a crucial role in offline social networks. Private institutions are becoming very active in OSNs, and public institutions are following the trend, albeit at a slower pace. The study shows that physical activity facilitators in Saudi Arabia are still failing to effectively reach youth and encourage them to participate in physical activity. Various policies need to be reviewed and enhanced if the public institutions do indeed want to reach more youth and benefit youth and the community, including the female youth, who make up more than half of the population. The study shows that the way to develop these policies is to communicate with youth via OSNs and to provide youth with more facilities, venues and services in the country that are suitable for both genders.
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Robertson, F. M. "A study of youth political participation in Poland and Romania." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18725/.
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Although perceived changes in political participation patterns amongst young people in recent years have attracted much academic research in established democracies this remains an understudied area in the newer post-communist democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. In established democracies, researchers have shown that although many young people are increasingly shunning traditional forms of political involvement, such as voting and political party membership, instead they are turning to more direct methods such as volunteering and protest. Despite evidence that young people in newer democracies may also have low levels of electoral participation and party membership, there is little understanding of whether this is due to communist legacies of forced participation, economic and social hardship or indeed reflects trends in established democracies. As active political participation plays a vital role in the improvement of the quality of democracy, this represents an important gap in our knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to start to address this by analysing the logics behind youth political participation in two contrasting newer democracies, Poland and Romania. To do this, I employ a multi-method comparative approach which combines qualitative findings of fieldwork and quantitative data on electoral turnout. The thesis assesses electoral participation, party membership and involvement in informal forms of participation such as volunteering and protest. It finds that many young people in postcommunist democracies choose to opt out of traditional forms of political participation because, as in established democracies, they feel alienated from formal political agents. However, this exit from formal methods of participation is not generally coupled with active participation in informal forms of involvement. The thesis concludes that despite sharing some important characteristics with young people in established democracies, legacies of communism and the rapid nature of post-communist political and socioeconomic transformation continue to negatively influence youth political participation in Poland and Romania.
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Whitehead, Jennifer N. "Factors Influencing Racially Ethnic Minority Youth Participation in Snow Sports." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7845.
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Low participation of racially ethnic minority youth in snow sports activities may be caused by racism through structural and symbolic factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of teachers from school-based programs and resort ski school programs as well as coaches from afterschool club and community-based organizations regarding the structural and symbolic influences on the participation of racially ethnic minority youth in snow sports. Using critical race theory as the conceptual framework, a qualitative, phenomenological inquiry was centered on the experiences of ethnic minority youth related to potential racism in structural and symbolic factors regarding participating in snow sports activities. Participants were selected by a purposeful, homogenous sampling strategy, and data were collected from semistructured interviews of the 12 participants. Data were analyzed through the use of NVivo12 to search for codes, categories, and themes related to racism and the structural and symbolic factors that influence racially ethnic minority youth participation in snow sports activities. The findings of this study help bring an increased understanding of why there continues to be a lack of racially ethnic minority youth in snow sports through themes, such as exposure and access, cultural representation, and racism, which may be useful to schools, resorts, clubs, and similar organizations who educate youth and promote snow sports activities. The results of this study may help bring about positive social change by supporting culturally responsive practices throughout the snow sports industry, which aim to provide fair, equitable, and inclusive opportunities for racially ethnic minority groups to participate in snow sports.
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Bridgland, Sorenson Judith G. "Constraints to youth participation in the current Federal political environment." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/10.
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This research explores the constraints to youth participation through the mechanism of the National Youth Roundtable. In 1999 the National Youth Roundtable was established as the centrepiece of the Federal Government's `Voices of Youth' initiative, designed to go to the grass roots of the youth population and seek their participation on matters of policy development. This was to be the new interface between young people and the Australian government, replacing the peak body for youth affairs as a more effective participation mechanism.
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PEREIRA, LUCILEIA. "YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND RIGHTS: YOUTH PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THEIR PARTICIPATION ON THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROJECT PROJOVEM (NATIONAL PROGRAM OF INCLUSION OF YOUNG: EDUCATION, QUALIFICATION AND COMMUNITARIAN ACTION)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11064@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEsta dissertação aborda as percepções de jovens sobre sua participação no PROJOVEM. O estudo foi realizado em seis estações da juventude na cidade do Rio de Janeiro onde o programa foi implantado. A reflexão é acerca do direito à participação da juventude nas políticas públicas de promoção da cidadania, conforme proposto pela Constituição Federal de 1988, pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990 e pelo Estatuto da Juventude de 2004, nos quais as políticas públicas para este segmento são concebidas como um direito. A análise da participação e direitos à juventude brasileira da atualidade, se impõe como necessidade perante o grande contingente jovem e à situação de vulnerabilidade que se encontra grande parte desse contingente. A pesquisa demonstra que o PROJOVEM é percebido pelos jovens entrevistados não somente como um direito, mas também como um favor. Em alguns aspectos os jovens reconhecem benefícios nesta iniciativa do governo, no entanto, não acreditam que venha promover uma mudança em sua condição de vida, pois não atende suas expectativas de direitos igualitários. Os jovens demonstram estar conscientes de seus direitos, participação e responsabilidades.
This dissertation explores the perception of youth about their participation on the Federal Government Project known as PROJOVEM. The research took place in six different establishments where the project was implemented in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The main focus is on the right to participation for youth guaranteed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, in the National Statute for Children and Youth created in 1990 and also by the Youth Statute from 2004. The analyses of youth participation and their rights have a particular importance considering the number of youth in Brazil living in vulnerable situations. The research has demonstrated that the youth interviewed perceives PROJOVEM as a right but at the same time as a favor. Even though they recognize that this federal project offer alternatives in general they feel that it won´t change their life conditions. The youth demonstrated to have a good understanding of their rights and responsibilities.
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Matsela, Tebatso. "Exploring youth participation in community development organisations in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13743.
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The aim of the study was to explore youth participation in Community Development Organisations and its implications for positive youth development from the perspective of a select sample of Youth in the Western Cape. A purposive sample of 18 youth respondents between the ages (14-35) from five communities in the Western Cape were approached. The study used Lerner (2004) and Lerner et al.'s (2005) Positive Youth Development model (PYD), and the Critical Youth Empowerment model (CYE) by Jennings et al (2006). The study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach, using a structured interview schedule for face to face interviews with the young people. The findings revealed that young people volunteer in youth-initiated organisations within their communities because they are able to occupy instrumental roles. The findings also revealed that young people participate because they want to see positive change in their communities. Additionally, youth participation in community development has a positive impact on young people's lives (skills acquisition, personal growth, opportunities made available, connection to their communities and community members). Lastly, the findings revealed that young people are capable of making a positive contribution by getting involved in meaningful activities in their communities. The study's main recommendation is for increased efforts in education institutions, community councils and development organisations to involve young people in effective and instrumental participation in community development initiatives. Another recommendation is for the adoption of the Positive Youth Development approach in community and youth development programmes/strategies across the country.
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Sheridan, Louise Ann. "Youth participation practice in North Ayrshire, Scotland from a Freirean perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9085/.
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There is a desire in policy, to encourage young people to take part in Youth Participation Practice (YPP). More insight is needed in approaches to YPP that enable meaningful and positive experiences for young people and communities. This qualitative study investigates youth participation practice in North Ayrshire Council in Scotland. Theories and principles from Paulo Freire (1996; 2000) form the framework for analysis. The study examines what young people and youth workers define the purpose of YPP to be; investigates the approaches that are used; and analyses what participants define as the benefits and outcomes of YPP for young people and communities. Through two focus groups with young people, 22 semi-structured interviews with young people, youth workers and Ruth Maguire, an elected member in North Ayrshire, themes were identified. These include the notion of young people feeling ‘connected’, being ‘enabled’ and feeling ‘transformed’ through their involvement in YPP. Freire’s notion of armed love has been interpreted and redefined as the term ‘alfirmo’, which is the act of caring for, nourishing and supporting people, while asserting belief in their ability as agents of change. This study found that ‘alfirmo’ is embodied by youth workers and noticed by young people who have taken part in YPP in North Ayrshire Council. Through the embodiment of ‘alfirmo’, young people in this study feel connected to peers and youth workers and enabled to undertake many tasks such as presenting in front of peers and adults. Through their experiences in YPP, young people expressed that they have gone through a personal transformation, with a greater sense and feeling of confidence as a key example.
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Åkerström, Jeanette. ""Participation is everything" : young people's voices on participation in school life." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35795.
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This thesis shows that participation is an important and comprehensive concept for young people. The aim of the thesis is to explore young people’s perspectives on and experiences of participation in school. Young people are in this research project understood as competent participants and as valuable contributors in research. Young people (aged 13–19 years) are involved as both research partners and research respondents. The design is explorative and mixed methods are used. Study 1 describes an interactive research circle with young people as research partners. Participation and asymmetric responsibility are identified as integral to research with young people. Study 2 describes a youth survey about young people’s participation that was conducted by the research partners in the research circle. This study shows that young people’s opportunities and abilities to communicate are crucial to their participation. Supportive relations are an important aspect and the young people describe that they want adults to support them in taking responsibility themselves. Study 3 is based on the results of the youth survey and describes a model of young people’s perspectives on participation. Viewed from young people’s perspectives, participation is shown to include social, educational and decision-making dimensions. Communication is identified as a central participatory dimension. This study describes how participation in school is created in both horizontal and vertical relations. Study 4 is about participation and exposure to bullying and threats in school and is informed by the results of the youth survey. This study shows how students with disabilities and especially students with multiple disabilities are in a vulnerable situation. They face greater risks of being excluded from participatory dimensions in school or of being more exposed to degrading treatment if they do participate. Girls with multiple disabilities seem to be in an extra vulnerable situation. Overall, this research project shows that young people’s perspectives are an important complement to adults’ perspectives on participation in school.
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Freeman, Tyrone McKinley. "Youth input and participation in Reach for Youth's strategic planning for community-based youth and family social services." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217402.
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This creative project was developed as a supplement to the external stakeholder assessment component of the strategic planning process that Reach for Youth, Inc. (RFY)-a nonprofit youth organization located in Indianapolis, Indiana-adopted to create its strategic plan for 2002 to 2005. It supplemented the larger strategic planning process by positively engaging youth in focus group activities using surveys, creative exercises, and questionnaires, to attain their input and feedback, as program participants and primary stakeholders in the agency. As a result, youth participation validated the overall process, substantiated RFY's interest in expanding programs, influenced identification of critical issues that formed the basis of the plan, and sparked an organizational conversation about youth participation in the agency. The youth not only provided important feedback that informed RFY's strategic plan, they also were given a meaningful opportunity to express themselves as individuals, and had their roles in and contributions to the agency affirmed.Department of Urban Planning
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Baldursdóttir, Nína Guðrún. "Pathways of participation : Considering the case for empowering participation within humanitarian action." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-344192.
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When consulted, aid-recipients consistently report not feeling included or adequately consulted regarding the planning and execution of programmes. On top of a serious lack of opportunities to be engaged or empowered this seems to provide a sufficient reason to explore ways of making participation in humanitarian action an empowering experience in itself. This paper will explore how empowerment could be used in practice and employs the term empowering participation to refer to the desired process of including aid-recipients. To do so it uses a hypothetical example of how it might be accommodated in a programme’s feedback mechanism (FM), that controls a certain access to information and influence, identified as key to empowerment, as a case study to understand some of the potential, and limits, of empowerment as praxis. To get a better idea of how the special circumstances of different groups affect the process youth have been singled out as the programme’s hypothetical target group. The key finding is that for a FM to facilitate empowering participation a clear focus has to be on a commitment to, and recognition of, an incentive to see the relationship within it as one between experts. Requiring the reasons for entering into a communicative relationship to be clearly stated as well as clarifying the roles of those involved. Perversely, confusion or vagueness could frustrate or counter empowerment efforts. There are certainly challenges, but without confronting them we will not know what benefits could have been reaped and if we take serious the view that people should fundamentally be supported to help themselves, we should not shy away from asking and giving serious consideration to difficult questions.
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Ozdemir, Caner. "Economic, Social And Political Participation Of The Youth In Urban South-eastern Anatolia." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612547/index.pdf.
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This study aims to find out the patterns of economic, social and political participation of the youth in urban South-eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Analyses of the data reveal that youth in the South Eastern Anatolia Region does not and cannot participate in various dimensions of the society. Youth in South-eastern Anatolia cannot participate into the labour market. There are too limited job opportunities in the region. On the other hand, working young people are prone to low quality working conditions. Young people also cannot participate into the social life in the public sphere. Social and economic pressures and lack of opportunities are limiting young people in a social life mainly in the private sphere within a closed community. Finally, youth in South-eastern Anatolia Region are keeping themselves away from political mechanisms. Political structure is not attracting young people because of the negative experiences that the people participated in politics having for years.
One of the most important findings of the study is that different dimensions of participation namely participation in the labour market, participation in social life and political participation are dependent on each other. Another result is that both the level and experiences of youth participation are highly determined by the social characteristics such as gender, family background, education level and age.
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Bzdell, Wallace Brent. "Development of the parents' motivations for children's participation in sport scale." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/34480.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this study was to explore parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport and to develop a scale to measure the aforementioned motivators. The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase consisted of the development of items for the initial Parents' Motivations for Children's Participation in Sport Scale (PMCPSS). The second phase encompassed administeting the PMCPSS to parents from a range of sports and analyzing that data through factor and item analyses. The third phase consisted of qualitative analysis and using the PMCPSS to examine differences in parental motivations. The sample consisted of 405 parents with children participating in the following youth sports: ice hockey, soccer, baseball, basketball, figure skating, volleyball, swimming, and lacrosse. Exploratory factor analysis and item analyses revealed 8 factors labeled as: Life skills; Identification with the child/sport experience; Leam to perform and compete; Child Self-Acceptance; Physical and social development; Enjoyment and family bonding; Achievement and rewards; and Interpersonal skill development. In addition to the reliability coefficients for each factor, a coefficient alpha estimate was conducted to examine the entire scale's reliability. Based on the factor and item analysis, 65 items were retained and the PMCPSS had an overall alpha of .954 and the 8 factors accounted for 49.1% of the variance. Moreover, qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses supported the eight-factor structure of the PMCPSS. Independent-samples t tests were then run utilizing the 65 item PMCPSS to evaluate parental differences (mothers and fathers) on each of the eight factors. This study builds upon previous research in youth sport with four significant contributions. First, it represents an initial step toward understanding why parents encourage their children to participate in youth sport. Second, the results indicate that parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport are multidimensional. Third, it led to the development of an instrument (the PMCPSS) that measures parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport that can be used for future research . Fourth, it demonstrates how the PMCPSS can be used in future research.
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Chan, Ching-nar Easter. "The impact of voluntary participation of China activities on the national identity of the participants." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20125537.
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Meads, Holly L. Jackson John D. "An examination of the youth voter participation rates with individual level and election specific information." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Economics/Thesis/Meads_Holly_5.pdf.
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Spencer, Ronald Roy. "Youth Coaches' Perception of their Role in a Young Athletes' Continued Participation." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7194.
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Abstract
Youth sports have been shown to be beneficial to the overall development of children and adolescents. Research showed youth sports participation helps children develop academically, physically, and mentally. However, there is a high attrition rate of youth sports participants.
What coaches think about youth's attrition in sports and their role in fostering or hindering young athletes' participation is not well known. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore youth coaches' perception of their role in a young person's decision to continue participating in their sport of preference. The conceptualizations of autonomy-supportive coaching strategy and Erickson's developmental theory were used as the theoretical basis for this study. Twelve youth coaches were interviewed using semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using Moustakas' modification of Van Kaam's method of analysis. Six major themes emerged from the data: (a) sports are about having fun, (b) developing life skills, (c) coaching philosophy, (d) reasons kids quit sports, (e) good coaches keep kids engaged in sports, and (f) winning and losing. Results indicated that youth coaches believe they play a significant role in keeping kids engaged in sports. They emphasized the importance of having fun in playing sports; and they deemphasized the importance of winning as a major outcome. This study has the potential to promote a better environment for young participants by exposing the contributing factors leading to the attrition rate in youth sports. Results of this study inform coaches, parents, and administrators about the needs of the children in their sports programs.
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Wilson, James W. (James William) 1977. "Faith based institutions and youth participation in community development : issues and opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70746.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-40).
There is growing interest among schools, other public agencies, and secular non-profit organizations to involve young people in current community planning efforts. Missing from discourse, however are the roles churches and other faith-based institutions can play in involving youth. Across the nation, churches and church-affiliated community organizations provide adults opportunities to revitalize their communities. In this thesis, two types of challenges that hinder these organizations from providing similar opportunities to urban youth will be examined. One such challenge focuses on internal obstacles within faith-based organizations that dissuade new models of participation. The second challenge focuses on several relational obstacles that contribute to a disconnection between leadership of faith-based organizations and contemporary urban youth culture. In spite of these challenges, this thesis suggest that some churches and church-affiliated community organizations serving low-income communities are well positioned to include urban youth bring in their community planning efforts. This thesis will explore the merits of that claim. The goals of this thesis are (1) to identify the various institutional and relational challenges that impede collaborations between faith-based institutions and urban youth in community development; and (2) to draw the attention of youth serving- and other church-affiliated community organizations to innovative and progressive approaches for youth participation.
by James W. Wilson.
M.C.P.
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Eliasson, Isak, and Anna Lundström. "Participation in Organized Sports and Youth Adjustment: Mediating Role of Peer Support." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58772.
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Kasongo, Atoko Haydee AH. "Youth wage subsidy as a possible solution to youth unemployment in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4062.
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South Africa is characterised by its high and persistent level of unemployment, in particular
among the youth. The high youth unemployment is attributed to various reasons, ranging
from their lack of work experience, skills mismatch to employment and wage rigidities. The
South African government proposed the youth wage subsidy to be implemented in 2011, with
the primary aim of solving the youth unemployment problem. This study starts by providing a
literature review on the youth labour market trends since the transition; it emerged that there
is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on how youths fare in the labour market. Next, the
demographic and educational attainment characteristics of the youth narrow labour force,
employed and narrow unemployed are analysed under the narrow or strict definition, using
the 1995-1999 October Household Surveys (OHSs), the 2000-2007 Labour Force Surveys
(LFSs) and the 2008-2011 Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (QLFSs). With regard to
unemployed youths, it is found that they are more likely to be blacks, without Matric and have
never worked before. The main causes of youth unemployment are then discussed in detail,
before the thesis moves on to examine the various active and passive labour market policies
that could help to address the youth unemployment problem. The possible pros and cons of
the youth wage subsidy, one of the active policies and the focus of this study, are discussed in
greater detail. In particular, the claim by institutions such as COSATU that the introduction of
the subsidy would lead to elderly workers (who are not subsidised) being replaced by the
youth workers (who are subsidised) is not entirely correct, as these two groups of workers
could be complementary instead of substitutes, and the introduction of the subsidy
programme could result in an increase of demand for both elderly and youth workers. It is
concluded that, although the youth wage subsidy could be one of the feasible solutions to
stimulate demand for youth labour, it is not sufficient to address youth unemployment. It
needs to be complemented by the other policies, such as a job search subsidy (targeting
discouraged work seekers) and public employment programmes (e.g. Expanded Public Works
Programme); but it is most important to note that these policies could only be fully effective if
the root causes of youth unemployment are addressed by the government.Magister Economicae - MEcon
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Runeson, John. "Ways to Political Participation In Modern Day Ukraine." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269100.
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Building on interviews with young activists of the Euromaidan movement, this paper examines the possibilities for civil society engagement in today’s Ukraine. In Ukraine, the level of civil society engagement is one of the lowest in the postsoviet world, while at the same time millions of people take part in large protest movements. The material shows that, and present explanations to why, young people who are keen to engage do so in many ways, without this engagement resulting in a long-term civil society engagement.
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Södergren, Wall Emma. "Building Peace from Within : Perspectives of Syrian Youth." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389644.
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This study is based on the perspectives of Syrian youth, on how they can contribute to and participate in future peace initiatives for Syria. The purpose of the study is to investigate opportunities and barriers to youth’s participation for peace, as well as the instrumental role of education in learning about nonviolent pathways for change. Thus, the research is conducted through the collection of narratives with a digital survey-interview method, followed by a thematic analysis with primarily inductive approach, putting the views and ideas of the youth at the centre of the study. The results from the narratives show that the youth have agency and hope to act for positive change in their societies, although they simultaneously feel restrained by suffering, due to imposed restrictions, increasing deprivation, and the on-going violent conflict. Following the analysis, the final themes are discussed against existing research on the topics of peace, participation, and education. The importance of education as a tool for peace and nonviolence was confirmed by the research participants’ strong emphasis on the benefits of education. Additionally, the youth propose that education for peace should include practical elements, and that practical skills are also part of building peace. The barriers in the narratives are discussed as something that can restrict people’s opportunities to return at all, however, the worries are accompanied by strong beliefs in cooperation, dialogue, and intergroup networks of care and respect. The final conclusions include emphasis on the need to support existing local and grassroots initiatives for peace, ideally through multi-sectoral approaches, incorporating support both from the humanitarian and the peacebuilding sectors. Furthermore, the youth participants show a great will to partake in creating positive change and building sustainable peace, nonetheless, they also need support to manage current barriers, including to put an end to the violent conflict.
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Farthing, Rys. "What should child poverty policy look like? : disjunctures between what young people, policymakers and academics think." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5ce46498-772a-416a-9e0f-2eca3d4d3585.
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This research uses a novel policy writing method to explore young people’s subjective understandings of the problems of poverty. Working with five groups of young people, aged 11 – 21, from some of the most financially deprived areas of England, it sought to draw out and explore their “policy imaginary”, or the way they viewed the problems of poverty through a lens of ideal policy responses. It unpacks these young people’s policy imaginaries, and the life-narratives they discussed alongside these imaginaries, within a discourse of individualisation. Across four articles, it demonstrates and explores the complexities and ambiguities of these young people’s thinkings. This thesis begins by suggesting that many of the problems of poverty they identify as important to their lives are structural, and that they understanding the role of collective and political agency, rather than their own individual agency, in ending poverty. It then more specifically explores their understandings of their neighbourhoods and houses, which suggests that individualised factors often identified in other research, such as social contagion and epidemic neighbourhood effects, are not what they identify as most important in their local areas. It concludes by identifying a policy gap emerging along similar theoretical lines. Here, this research suggests that much of the policy directed towards these young people focuses on individualised problems, and their individual agency as a route of out poverty, but that this sort of policy response is not what these young people felt was needed. However, this is not to suggest that these young people downplayed or dismissed their own agency in charting their life-pathways. Indeed, as much previous literature has found, these young people spoke fluently about the agency and opportunities they have in their lives, often seeming ‘hyper-agentic’. However, this thesis suggests that exploring these young people’s policy imaginary appears to create a medium through which they can talk both about their agency and the constraints and limitations low-incomes generate. It allowed them to bridge their highly agentic biographies to their socially structured histories, as they saw them.
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Riley, Allison Boester. "Mechanisms and Outcomes Associated with Disadvantaged Youth Participation in a Summer Sport-Based Youth Development Program: Getting the Parent Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282077472.
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Karlström, Matilda. "På trendspaning efter demokrati : En fallstudie av idétävlingen Ung C Sundbyberg." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180651.
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Medborgardialoger är ett allt vanligare inslag inom planering, och framhålls ofta som ett viktigt verktyg för att främja den lokala demokratin och medborgarnas inflytande över planeringen. Inte sällan finns det stora förväntningar på medborgardialogers potential, då inte bara för ökad demokrati, utan även på den ska bidra till en ökad effektivitet i planeringsprocessen eller ge legitimitet till ett planförslag. Samtidigt är syftena med specifika dialogprojekt ofta är oklart definierade, och många dialogprojekt lider av problem med bristande representativitet och lågt inflytande över den fortsatta planeringen. Stadskärnan i Sundbyberg norr om Stockholm ska genomgå stora förändringar i och med att Mälarbanan kommer dras ner i tunnel och Sundbybergs stad har arbetat med en vision för den nya stadskärnan sedan våren 2013. En del av det arbetet har handlat om att genomföra ett dialogprojekt för att ge Sundbybergsborna en möjlighet att bidra till visionen. För att bättre nå unga i det arbetet genomfördes idétävlingen Ung C Sundbyberg under våren 2015. Jag har gjord en kvalitativ fallstudie över Ung C Sundbyberg som ett atypiskt fall av ambitiösa dialogprojekt som riktar sig specifikt mot unga, med syftet att få en djupare förståelse för spelrummet i frågeställningen och motiven bakom dialogprocesser, då särskilt ungdomsdeltagande. Genom fältstudier där jag närvarat på, gjort observationer och till en begränsad del deltagit i fem workshopar som genomförts i den första deltävlingen i Ung C Sundbyberg söker jag svara på frågor om varför unga var en viktig grupp att nå, hur tävlingsuppgiften ramades in av processledarna och hur tävlingen förhöll sig till ideal om hur en ”god” dialog ska uppnås. Trots de initiala ambitionerna med tävlingen går det inte att förstå fallet som en medborgardialog som ska bidra till ett större demokratiskt inflytande över visionsarbetet för Sundbybergs nya stadskärna. En del av materialet tyder också på att intresset för ungdomar som grupp går att ifrågasätta, istället handlar det snarare om ett dialogarbete nära besläktat med marknadsundersökningar, med ambitioner att skapa uppmärksamhet kring stadsomvandlingen i Sundbyberg.Citizen dialogues are an increasingly common feature in planning, and are frequently declared to be an important tool to promote local democracy and citizens' influence in the planning. Not seldom, there are great expectations for the potential of citizen dialogue, not only for increased democracy, but also on contributions to an increased efficiency in planning or better legitimacy to a propose plan. At the same time the objectives of the specific dialogue projects are often vaguely defined, and numerous dialogue projects suffer from problems with lack of representativeness and low influence on the future planning. The city centre of Sundbyberg, north of Stockholm will undergo major changes when Mälarbanan will be drawn down into a tunnel, and Sundbybergs stad has worked with a vision for the new city centre since spring 2013. Part of the work has focused on implementing a dialogue project to give residents in Sundbyberg an opportunity to contribute to the vision. To better reach young people in the work with this vision, an idea competition called Ung C Sundbyberg was carried out in the spring of 2015. I have made a qualitative case study of Ung C Sundbyberg as an atypical case of ambitious dialogue projects aimed specifically at young people, with the aim to gain a deeper understanding of the scope of, and motives behind the dialogue process, and especially youth participation. Through field studies where I attended and made observations at, and to a limited extent participated in five workshops conducted in the first round of Ung C Sundbyberg I seek to answer questions about why young people was an important group to reach, how the competition task was framed by the process managers and how the competition is related to ideals of how a "good" dialogue can be achieved. Despite the initial ambitions of the competition, you cannot understand the case as a citizen dialogue that will contribute to greater democratic control over the visionary work of Sundbyberg's new city centre. Some of the material also suggests that the interest in young people as a group is questionable, rather it is more about the dialogue work is closely related to market research, with ambitions to draw attention to urban transformation in Sundbyberg.
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Anderson, Cheryl-Ann. "Does the Web create a pathway to political engagement for young people? : an examination into the effects of electoral websites on political attitudes, behaviour and cognitive engagement." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-the-web-create-a-pathway-to-political-engagement-for-young-people-an-examination-into-the-effects-of-electoral-websites-on-political-attitudes-behaviour-and-cognitive-engagement(9fa19efa-2853-4d2c-83fa-d27856c67fb6).html.
Full textAbstract:
This paper seeks to examine the impact of electoral websites on young people’s electoral engagement, focusing on the 2012 London Mayoral and US Presidential election. It does so by employing an innovative research design to connect the supply and demand side of the equation, including quantitative content analysis and an innovative experiment that allows for qualitative evaluation as well as for an examination of the causal effects of exposure to specific websites. The three specific types of websites examined in each election are: youth mobilization websites, the official candidate campaigning websites and Vote Advice Applications. We explore the effects of these websites on behavioural, cognitive and attitudinal aspects of engagement: likelihood of voting, attention to news, internal and external efficacy and political trust. Research to date on the effect of electoral websites on young people has produced mixed results on political engagement and efficacy (e.g. Tedesco, 2007; Xenos and Kyoung, 2008). We find no direct effect on young people for voting across the websites but we do find a number of significant effects across the other variables, which are occasionally found only amongst those with the lowest pre-existing levels of engagement. This leads us to conclude that the web can create a pathway to participation for young people but this is dependent on the specific type and attributes of the website, the election context and the young person themselves.
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Glenn, Fiel Fernandez. "Youth Council Participation in Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction in Infanta and Makati, Philippines." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199479.
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Johnson, Dustin M. "Coaches’ Influence on Male Adolescents’ Achievement Motivation, Psychological Factors, and Sport Participation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84226/.
Full textAbstract:
The motivational climate, as created by coaches, and athletes’ goal orientations are key constructs in understanding children’s experiences with sport. In this study, the relationship between the perceived motivational climates, male adolescents’ goal orientation, and their experiences of self-esteem, sport competence, enjoyment, and ultimately, intention to continue participating in sport was examined. Participants were 405 male adolescents (Sample A: n = 200; Sample B: n = 205) aged 13-15 years old. Structural equation modeling indicated an overall good fit to the structural model for both data sets. A task goal orientation was predicted by higher levels of coach-created task climate. Participants with higher task goal orientation had greater sport competence, self-esteem, and more enjoyment in sport; enjoyment was the only significant predictor of their intention to continue playing the sport they believe is most important over the next three years.