Dissertations / Theses: 'Youth – Nutrition'

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Vandergriff, Stephanie Lynne. "Characterizing the Nutritional Health of Unaccompanied Homeless Youth." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492533054010052.

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Yoshinaga, Allyson M. "Snacking in Youth Sports." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785139.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors that influence parents in selecting post-workout team snacks for children playing in an organized basketball program. Additionally, this study investigated parental perception of the current snack environment and explored how parents define “healthy snack.” Parents of children participating in the Orange Coast Optimist’s youth basketball organization were eligible to participate. A survey containing closed and open-ended questions was created to answer research questions. Parents were recruited on site the day of their child’s practice. A total of 99 survey responses were obtained. Commonly identified drivers for snack selectin included: health, convenience, child’s snack preference, and cost. A majority of parents did not wish to see changes made to current team snacks. Parents often stated fruit was an acceptable snack, whereas snacks high in added sugar and/or contained common allergens should never be given.

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Moline, Mary Elise. "Adolescents'interests and concerns regarding food, nutrition and eating /." View online, 1986. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880876.pdf.

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Williams, Beth J. "Testing Two Food Frequency Questionnaires and Stage-based Newsletters with Economically Disadvantaged Young Adults." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WilliamsBJ2003.pdf.

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Childers, James W. IV. "Evaluating parental opinions of healthy snack guidelines for youth soccer." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10169560.

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Currently there is limited research investigating parental perceptions regarding snack items provided to participants of organized youth sports. The current study investigated parental perceptions towards typical snacks offered by parents to teams in youth sports, and parental receptiveness to a snack guideline that would promote healthy snacking after youth sport events. This study focused on analyzing seven open ended questions included in the survey, which explored perceived importance of guidelines to promote healthy snacks, changes in snacks resulting from the guidelines, and additional informational needs. Survey responses for each open ended question were analyzed for a priori themes and emergent themes by two independent reviewers, using the sensitizing concepts approach. Responses across survey questions indicated that participants related snacking guidelines in youth sports with improved health. Many of the respondents gave answers that revolved around general health, bringing less candy, adding more fruits and vegetables, and basic nutrition facts and values. Another common theme was that the guidelines provided some form of structure to the snacking process, and can help guide parents with selection appropriate snack choices. Through qualitative analysis of the survey responses, it became clear that having nutritional guidelines to promote healthy snacks was valued by the participants of the current study, and resulted in some behavioral changes. This study is a step towards understanding practices that affect food consumption and food selection of youth involved in sports, both physically and nutritionally. Youth sports is a promising setting to promote physical activity and dietary habits, but considerable room for improvement exists for promoting healthful eating in the youth sports setting.

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Fink, Carol J. "Effect of nutrition curriculum in out-of-school environments and the nutrition differences between youth and their parent/guardian /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Bou, Khalil Cynthia. "Emerging obesity and dietary habits among James Bay Cree youth: 3 communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32356.

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ABSTRACT The present project provides information on the nutritional health of James Bay Cree children and youth who have been deeply affected by nutrition transition and are now at risk for overweight and poor diet quality. The current thesis found that 63.2% of the Cree youth aged 9 to 18 years old were at risk of overweight while 47.2% were overweight. Almost all of the participants reported consuming high-sugar and high-fat foods which accounted for 12.8% and 40% of their total energy intake respectively. Furthermore, all youth had notably lower fruit and vegetable and milk and milk product consumption than recommended. Traditional food consumption was low. However, youth who consumed traditional food at least once a week had a significantly lower BMI percentile and a higher fruit and vegetable intake than those who consumed traditional food less frequently. The findings highlight the urgent need for dietary interventions among Cree youth. It is hoped the project will build awareness and capacity to effectively deal with the obesity epidemic in Cree communities and also be of value to other communities affected by this global obesity epidemic-recently referred to as "globesity" by the WHO.
RÉSUMÉ Cette étude vise principalement à souligner les problèmes nutritionnels auxquels font face les Cree de la Baie James qui souffrent aujourd'hui d'un taux élevé de surpoids et qui ont été profondément affecté par les changements qu'ont subis les conditions de vie, notamment en matière d'alimentation et l'accès aux biens de consommation. Les résultats du projet suivant montrent que 63.2% des Jeunes Cree âgés entre 9 et 18 ans se sont avérés en risque de surpoids tandis que 47.2% souffrent de surpoids. Environ tous les participants ont affirmé avoir consommé des aliments riche en sucre et en gras, qui représentent respectivement 12.8% et 40% de leur énergie totale. D'ailleurs tous les jeunes ont généralement une consommation de fruits et légumes et lait et produits laitiers plus faible que celle recommandée. La consommation d'aliments traditionnels est en générale faible. Néanmoins, les jeunes qui ont consommé au moins 1 aliment traditionnel par semaine ont en moyenne un BMI percentile plus bas et ont démontré une consommation plus élevée de fruits et légumes. Ces conduites appellent au besoin urgent d'interventions nutritionnelles a l'égard des Jeunes Cree. Il est espéré que ce projet va alerter les gens au sujet de surpoids et mieux guider les interventions pour combattre l'obésité dans les communautés Cree ainsi que dans les autres communautés affectées par l'épidémie d'obésité.

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Mark, Sean. "Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92287.

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Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were: (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Québec youth using a representative sample; (ii) examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D{25(OH)D}, the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium and dairy foods.
To describe vitamin D status, we used data from a cross-sectional survey representative of Québec youth aged 9, 13 and 16, the Québec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS). For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8-11 whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and physical activity was assessed by accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a sample of 8960, 9-18-year-olds representative of Canadian youth for whom a single 24 hour dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic and information on food insecurity were available.
Greater than 90% of youth had sub-optimal vitamin D levels {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} at the end of winter and beginning of spring in both the QUALITY and QCAHS study. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) than younger youth and girls from low income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D corresponding to 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages amongst low income boys and food insecure girls.
Population wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.
Il y a peu de connaisances concernant le statut vitamin D des jeunes Canadiens. Nos objectifs étaient de: (i) décrire le statut vitamin D des jeunes Québécois en utilisant un échantillon représentatif; (ii) examiner la contribution de la diète, l'activité physique et l'adiposité a expliquer la variance du 25-hydroxyvitamin D, {25(OH)D.}, le meilleur biomarqueur du statut vitamine D; et (iii) examiner l'influence du statut socio-économique et l'insécurité alimentaire sur le consommation des produits laitiers, du calcium et de la vitamine D alimentaire.
Pour décrire le statut vitamine D on a utilisé les données transversales d'un échantillon représentatif des jeunes Québecois agés de 9, 13 et 16 ans. Pour le deuxième objectif, 159 jeunes, âgés 8-11 ans avec des parents (au moins un) qui étaient obèses ou avaient le syndrome métabolique etaient utilisés pour une analyse transversale dans l'étude Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Le tissu adipeux a été mesuré avec le dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) et l'activité physique était mésurer par accéléromètre. Finalement, on a utilisé des données du Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), un échantillon de 8960 jeunes, agés de 9-18 ans qui avaient un rappel alimentaire de 24 heures, le poids et la taille mesuré, l'information sociodémograhique et le statut de sécurité alimentaire.
Dans l'étude QUALITY et le QCAHS plus de 90% des jeunes avaient un statut de vitamine D sub-optimal {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} à la fin de l'hiver et au début du printemps. Dans l'étude QCAHS, les adolescents avaient une prévalence de déficience de vitamine D élevé {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) et les filles venant des foyers défavorisés avait des niveaux de vitamine D plus bas. Dans l'étude QUALITY, un augmentation d'un écart-type de la consommation du lait et l'activité physique était associée avec une augmentation du niveau de vitamin D de 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L respectivement. Dans l'étude CCHS nous avons remarqué que les garçons de milieux défavorisés et les filles avec une insécurité alimentaire consommaient moins de lait et le lait étaitremplacé par les breuvages sucrés.
Des mesures pour augmenter la consommation de vitamine D parmi les jeunes Canadiens devraient être examinées.

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Rossi, Maria M. "Assessment of a pilot nutrition education program for Hispanic youth and their parents." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219861942/.

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Luna, Danny. "Preventing obesity among foster youth through nutrition and outdoor activities| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527981.

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The purpose of this project was to write a grant for an obesity prevention program for foster care youth. An extensive literature review was performed to investigate the best ways to reduce the increasing rate of obesity and promote awareness of its physical and psychological effects. The program consists of three components: 1. Education 2. Nutrition and physical fitness, and 3. A week-long camping retreat. As many as 140 foster care youth would be served.

The Foundation for California Community Colleges was selected as the best potential funder because it funds similar programs throughout the state providing life-skills training to youth transitioning from foster care. If funded, the program would take place at community colleges in Los Angeles. The program is expected to enable foster care adolescents to live a healthy lifestyle leading into adulthood. The actual submission of the proposal was not a requirement for the thesis project.

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Brussee, Sandra Ellan. "Dietary Patterns of Mediterranean Adolescents." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrusseeSE2005.pdf.

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Stokes, Strong Kristen Rae. "The Effectiveness of the Teens Reaching Youth 4-H Model in a Childhood Nutirition and Physical Activity Education Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/457.

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Childhood obesity rates are on the rise. There are detrimental physical and psychological health effects associated with childhood obesity. Society needs proven methods of delivering nutrition and physical activity education to children. The Teens Reaching Youth (TRY) 4-H model has been shown to be effective at delivering curriculum in a variety of topics. To assess the effectiveness of the TRY 4-H model at delivering nutrition and physical activity education to youth, grades third through sixth. The program's objectives were to increase youth participants' nutritional knowledge, improve youth participants' eating and fitness habits, and improve leadership and life skills of the teens involved in the TRY 4-H program. We compared three groups of youth grades third through sixth in Northern Utah. We looked at the youth's nutrition knowledge and food preferences as well as their parents/guardians' behaviors. Then two of the groups participated in a nutrition and physical activity education program. One group was taught by TRY 4-H teams and the other group was taught by adult volunteers from the community. After participating in the program, the youth's nutrition knowledge and food preferences and their parents/guardians' behaviors were re-assessed. The control group was unavailable for re-assessment due to limited access. Teen leadership was assessed using a teen leadership and life skills assessment tool. At baseline, the three samples had no statistical differences. The TRY 4-H treatment and Adult Volunteer treatment were found to produce statistically similar nutrition knowledge out-comes. Parents/guardians reported improvements in youth participant nutrition and physical activity habits. Teen members of the TRY teams experienced an increase in leadership and life skills. Teens from the TRY 4-H program are as effective as adult volunteers at teaching younger youth about nutrition. This education delivery method should be utilized in additional communities to aid in the fight against childhood obesity.

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Reese, Felicia Lorene. "Implementation and Evaluation of a Community Gardening and Nutrition Program among at-risk Youth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23121.

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Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been recommended as an effective approach to engage communities in implementing research projects relevant to their needs and interests. Following this approach, the Dan River Partnership for a Healthy Community was formed to address regional obesity concerns in the Dan River Region, a health disparate area located in south central Virginia and north central North Carolina. Community gardens were identified as a priority, and the development and implementation of this study continues previous collaborative efforts in evaluating the effectiveness of community gardens within this region.
Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine if applying the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to an adapted curriculum throughout a 10-week gardening and nutrition education intervention would increase youths\' willingness to try fruits and vegetables (FV), self-efficacy for eating and asking for FV and gardening, knowledge of nutrition and gardening, and outcome expectations for FV. Secondary aims were to determine if age groups or attendance rates would positively influence outcome measures and to qualitatively evaluate youths\' perceptions about their experiences and opinions about the program.
Methods: Utilizing a pre-post design, researchers delivered this program once weekly with 60 minutes of interactive nutrition or gardening education and 30 minutes of experiential gardening. Questionnaires included validated and novel measures. Repeated measure ANOVA analyses were used to determine changes in outcome measures. Post-program interviews were conducted with youth and qualitative data was coded and analyzed.
Results: Of the 43 enrolled youth, 42 were African American. Although willing to try FV did not change significantly, there were significant improvements in self-efficacy for asking for FV from 1.70 (0.34) to 1.83 (0.29) (F=7.07; p=.013) and overall gardening knowledge from 14.53 (3.45) to 15.74 (3.90) (F=7.67; p=.01). There were also significant improvements in some of the knowledge subcategories for gardening and nutrition, including plant parts and my plate (p<0.05). Qualitative findings indicated the majority of the participants expressed positive perceptions of the program with the most liked components including food sampling, games and gardening experiences.
Discussion and Implications: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing and implementing an adapted theory-driven community gardening and nutrition education program for low socioeconomic youth in public housing. It implicates the need for future research on youth community gardens using the CBPR approach. Findings were shared with community partners and future efforts will expand this program.

Master of Science

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Johnson, Olivia. "Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model in the evaluation of a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/647.

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Background: The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is an effective and adaptable program planning tool that has been widely used in the design, implementation and evaluation of health promotion programs. Objective: To retrospectively apply the constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model to a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program (Champ Camp) and to identify and describe how the program can be improved based on the findings of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model evaluation. Design: A systematic application of the nine phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model applied retrospectively to evaluate and improve the Champ Camp program. Setting: Children participating in Champ Camp offered through a seven-week summer camp coordinated by Burlington Parks, Recreation and Waterfront of Burlington, Vermont. The summer camp served as a licensed childcare program for children entering first through fifth grade. Measures: Improvements in nutrition knowledge and fitness scores measured biweekly. Additionally, the retrospective application of the planning model determined valuable demographic, behavioral, environmental, and policy information about the community. Statistical Analysis: A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to determine if there was a statistically significant change over time in nutrition knowledge and physical fitness. Statistical analysis was also performed to determine if there were potential correlations between nutrition knowledge and performance on each fitness assessment individually. Results: The Champ Camp program significantly improved nutrition assessment scores for males. Additionally, there were statistically significant improvements in the fitness assessment scores for the ball throw within third through fifth grade males and females across the seven-week program. The retrospective application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model proved to be successful in identifying the demographic, behavioral and environmental influences, and resources and invested parties of the target population. Most importantly the model emphasized the use of SMART program goals and objectives within successful health promotion programs. The model also stressed the necessity for appropriate and validated nutrition and fitness assessment tools that would offer more generalizable data. Moreover, the model also emphasized the need for stronger program evaluation by including more process evaluative measures and defining the determinants in which the programs' effectiveness and efficiency would be measured. Conclusions: The unique application proved to be a valuable and fruitful method for evaluating and identifying areas for improvement within a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program. This research not only serves to improve the existing Champ Camp program but to highlight the importance of program planning models and the critical components of successful health promotion programs.

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Grier, Karissa Niphore. "Feasibility of an Experiential Community Garden and Nutrition Program for Youth Living in Public Housing:Exploring Outcomes from Youth, Parents and Site Leaders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48901.

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Background: Community gardens have existed in America since the late 1800s and have served multiple purposes from food subsidies to neighborhood beautification. The use of community gardens has grown in popularity and has been recommended as a way to encourage healthy eating habits in youth. Though the health benefits of having a diet high in fruits and vegetables is well known, youth in the United States do not meet recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake. Under-consumption of fruits and vegetables is problematic in youth, as eating habits are established in childhood. Community gardens have been successfully used to improve access, self-efficacy, preference, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, few published community garden studies have focused on low socioeconomic youth. The Dan River Partnership for a Healthy Community (DRPHC) was developed according to community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. With a mission to reduce obesity using healthy lifestyle initiatives, community gardens are an evolving DRPHC initiative. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility (i.e., demand, acceptability, implementation, and limited-effectiveness testing) of a 10-week experiential theory-based gardening and nutrition education program targeting youth living in two public housing sites in the Dan River Region. Methods: Using pre- and post-program questionnaires/interviews, demand and acceptability were measured among youth, parents and site leaders. Implementation was measures via field notes and attendance. Limited-effectiveness was measured among youth using a pre-post design. Three researchers independently coded the qualitative transcripts, met to resolve disagreements, and built consensus through discussion of the codes. Similarly, field notes were reviewed and evaluated for reoccurring themes regarding barriers, facilitators, and other observations. For the quantitative measures, descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables and Cronbach's alphas used to assess the reliability of each scale at baseline. Overall effects were tested with repeated measures ANOVA. An intent-to-treat analysis using the last observation carried forward method was used. A critical value of .05 was used for significance testing. A standard equation for reporting effect sizes on a single-group, pre-post study design is also reported. Results: Program enrollment included 43 youth, primarily African American. The positive demand and acceptability findings indicate the potential of the program to be used and suitable for the youth, parents, and site leaders. Field notes revealed numerous implementation facilitators and barriers. Youth weekly attendance averaged 4.6 of 10 sessions. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were found for some (e.g., FV asking self-efficacy, overall gardening knowledge, knowledge of MyPlate recommendations), but not all limited-effectiveness measures (e.g., willingness to try FV, FV eating self-efficacy). Study Implications: This study addresses recommendations for utilizing CBPR in community garden efforts and builds on community identified research priorities of the DRPHC. Results demonstrate the feasibility of a gardening and nutrition program targeting youth in public housing. Lessons learned are being used to adapt and strengthen the program for future efforts targeting FV behaviors. Findings will be shared with local community stakeholders and used to adapt and strengthen the program for future efforts in the Dan River Region targeting of fruit and vegetable behaviors.
Master of Science

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Cull, Brooke J. "Youth wellness promotion for development of positive dietary and physical activity behaviors." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35734.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Human Nutrition
Sara Rosenkranz
This dissertation examined the impact of wellness-promotion interventions on health-related behaviors in youth, including dietary intake and physical activity (PA) levels. Additionally, the impact of wellness-promotion interventions on health-promoting opportunities for youth in an out-of-school setting was investigated. In study 1 (Chapter 2), the feasibility and preliminary impact of a 12-week, home-based wellness coaching intervention for changes in behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical outcomes in normal-weight female children was evaluated. The two intervention conditions included a general health education condition, and one that implemented skills-building components in the areas of PA and healthy eating. Results showed that both intervention conditions were feasible and well-accepted by participants. There were no changes in the behavioral outcomes of PA levels or fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but girls who received the skills-building coaching condition showed an increase in emotional quality of life and a reduction in body fat percentage. Findings suggested that a home-based wellness coaching intervention was feasible and was potentially effective for impacting psychosocial and biomedical outcomes in normal-weight female children. Study 2 (Chapter 3) examined the impact of Girl Scout leader wellness training on implementation of wellness-promoting practices and opportunities for girls during troop meetings. This study compared the effectiveness of in-person versus online leader wellness training, specifically assessing opportunities for wellness-promoting behaviors, including FV consumption and PA during meetings. Study results indicated that leaders who received the wellness training in person increased their implementation of wellness-promoting practices significantly more than those who received the wellness training in an online format. Analyses regarding dissemination revealed that adoption of wellness-training principles occurred in approximately 43% of troop leaders, and that lower-income leaders were more interested in receiving the wellness training, as compared to higher-income leaders. Overall, results indicated that in-person wellness training was effective for improving wellness-promoting opportunities for girls, but a more cost-effective and further-reaching training method was needed for a larger public health impact. Therefore, study 3 (Chapter 4) evaluated the impact of online, video-based wellness training on Girl Scout leaders’ wellness-promotion self-efficacy, intention, and knowledge. These factors are established determinants of behavior change, including offering opportunities in the areas of PA and FV consumption. Results showed that leaders who received the video-based wellness training had a significant increase in self-efficacy for overcoming barriers related to PA and FV practices, as well as increased self-efficacy for offering vegetables during troop meetings. Both groups showed increased intention for offering both fruit and vegetable opportunities during upcoming meetings. These results showed that online, video-based wellness training was effective for impacting determinants of behavior change in Girl Scout troop leaders, which may improve the wellness opportunities for girls during troop meetings. Overall, the findings from this dissertation collectively contribute to the existing literature by providing evidence regarding effective interventions for improving wellness-promoting opportunities and experiences for youth. If disseminated and implemented widely, evidence-based interventions and practices similar to those discussed within this dissertation may lead to improvements in health-related behaviors among youth, increased wellness-promoting opportunities, and ultimately have a positive impact on population health.

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Perez, Leanna F. "Relationships among Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Weight Status in Adolescents with Mood Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492619439075734.

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Wang, Jiawei. "Consumption of added sugars and development of metabolic syndrome components among a sample of youth at risk of obesity." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119631.

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Previous evidence showed controversial links between added sugar intake, diet quality and increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (abdominal adiposity, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, reduced high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) and hypertriglyceridemia) in youth, and most studied only its liquid source of sugar–sweetened beverages (SSB). To better understand the extent of the detrimental effects of added sugars from both liquid and solid sources to diets in terms of nutrient and food intake and metabolic consequences in children, three studies were undertaken to (i) quantify the associations of added sugar intake with overall diet quality and adiposity indicators; (ii) assess whether excess weight and glucose tolerance status modifies the associations between consumption of added sugars and MetS components; and (iii) evaluate whether consumption of added sugars predicts the development of MetS components over time.Data for these studies were obtained from the QUébec Adiposity and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort. Caucasian children (8 to 10 years at baseline, n = 630) with at least one obese biological parent were recruited from 1,040 Québec primary schools and followed–up 2 years later (n = 564). Dietary intake, including added sugars (liquid vs. solid) and Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was assessed in three 24–hour recalls at baseline. Adiposity indicators included measured height and weight for body mass index (BMI), BMI Z–score, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (by dual–energy X–ray absorptiometry). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting and by oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) and the Matsuda IS index (Matsuda–ISI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), concentration of triglycerides and HDL–C were measured by standard instruments. Multivariate linear regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status (by Tanner stage), energy intake, fat mass and physical activity (by 7–day accelerometer). The main findings include: (i) higher consumption of added sugars from SSB or solid sources was associated with lower nutrient density and lower HEI-C. Positive associations with adiposity indicators were observed with consumption of added sugars from liquid sources only; (ii) higher SSB consumption was associated with higher HOMA–IR and higher SBP among overweight children (≥ 85th BMI percentile), as well as higher SBP and higher WC among children with impaired glucose tolerance. These associations with metabolic indicators were not observed among children whose BMI was below 85th percentile; (iii) no association with added sugar intake was observed for 2–year changes in adiposity, but higher consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with higher fasting glucose, higher fasting insulin, higher HOMA–IR and lower Matsuda–ISI. In conclusion, this thesis suggested that consumption of added sugars from both solid and liquid sources was associated with a lower overall diet quality, but only added sugars from liquid sources was associated with adiposity indicators. Cross–sectional links with higher levels of SSB intake and MetS components were more evident among overweight/obese and glucose–intolerant children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity over 2 years, but was clearly associated with development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. This thesis presents further evidence on the nutritional and metabolic consequences of consuming added sugar from liquid and solid sources.
Les preuves antérieures ont montré des liens controversés entre la consommation de sucre ajouté, la qualité du régime alimentaire et l'augmentation de la prévalence du syndrome métabolique (SM) composants (adiposité abdominale, dysglycémie, pression artérielle élevée, cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité réduite (HDL-C) et l'hypertriglycéridémie) chez les jeunes, et plus étudié que sa source liquide de boissons sucrées. Afin de mieux comprendre l'impact de la consommation de sucres ajoutés sur l'alimentation des enfants tant en termes des apports alimentaires que des apports nutritionnels, ainsi que les conséquences métaboliques de cette consommation, une série d'études ont été réalisées. Les objectifs de ces études visaient tout d'abord à quantifier les associations entre la consommation de sucres ajoutés (sources liquides et solides) et la qualité du régime alimentaire global de même que les indicateurs d'adiposité, ensuite à déterminer si l'excès de poids et l'état de la tolérance au glucose modifient les associations entre la consommation de sucres ajoutés et les composantes du SM, et finalement, à déterminer si la consommation de sucres ajoutés prédit l'apparition des composantes du SM.Les données utilisées dans les présentes études proviennent de l'étude de cohorte QUébec Adiposity and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Dans le cadre de cette étude QUALITY, des enfants de race blanche, âgés de 8 à 10 ans (n = 630) et ayant au moins un parent biologique obèses ont été recrutés (n = 564). Les données ont été colligées à l'entrée à l'étude et au suivi de deux ans. L'apport alimentaire, y compris les sucres ajoutés (liquide ou solide) et l'indice canadien de la saine alimentation (HEI-C) a été évaluée dans trois rappels de 24 heures au départ.Les indicateurs d'obésité incluaient la hauteur et le poids mesurés pour le calcul de l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC), l'IMC Z–score, le tour de taille (TT) et la masse grasse (absorptiométrie bi–énergique à rayons X). Les taux de glucose plasmatique et d'insuline à jeun ont été mesurés ainsi que des tests de tolérance au glucose par voie orale pour le calcul de l'évaluation du modèle d'homéostasie de résistance à l'insuline (HOMA–IR) et de l'indice de Matsuda (Matsuda–ISI). En outre, la pression artérielle systolique, la concentration plasmatique de triglycérides et les taux des HDL–C ont été mesurés à l'aide de méthodes standardisées. Des modèles de régression linéaires multivariés ont été utilisés, ajustement pour l'âge, le sexe, le stade pubertaire (stade de Tanner), la consommation d'énergie, la masse grasse et l'activité physique (accéléromètre 7 jours).Les principales conclusions sont les suivantes augmentation de la consommation de sucres ajoutés provenant de sources boissons sucrées ou solide a été associée à la densité nutritionnelle plus en plus bas HEI-C. Les indicateurs d'adiposité ont été positivement associés à la consommation de sucres ajoutés liquides. Une plus grande consommation de boissons sucrés a été associé à plus HOMA–IR et plus la pression artérielle systolique chez les enfants en surpoids, ainsi que plus la pression artérielle systolique et plus TT chez les enfants présentant une intolérance au glucose. Ces associations avec des indicateurs métaboliques n'ont pas été observés chez les enfants de poids normal. Aucune association avec la consommation de sucre ajouté a été observé des changements dans l'adiposité, mais la consommation élevée de sucres ajoutés provenant de sources liquides a été associé à une glycémie à jeun supérieure, l'insuline à jeun élevée, supérieur HOMA–IR et inférieur Matsuda–ISI. En conclusion, cette thèse présente une preuve supplémentaire sur les conséquences nutritionnelles et métaboliques de sucre ajouté consommation provenant de sources liquides et solides.

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Lopez, Martha Gloria. "Quarterly nutrition curriculum for California women, infants, and children participants." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2922.

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There is a lack of public awareness in regards to nutrition education because of the limited amount of visits made to the WIC office by these participants. Take home material was designed to reinforce the curriculum taught in the WIC classroom. Learning the skills provided, these WIC families will discover new ways to promote family togetherness and opportunities to discuss and implement healthy eating and living habits.

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Jensen, J. Keith. "Assessment of Calcium, Milk, and Non-Milk Beverage Intake of Multiethnic Youth Aged 10 to 18 Years." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5507.

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Achieving and maintaining maximal peak bone mass is critical to the prevention of osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake during youth is a major aspect of proper bone mass development. Because of the importance of calcium, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that estimates calcium intake of 10- to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and white youth living in the western United States was developed. This new FFQ was shown to accurately and reliably estimate calcium intake of these youth. Accuracy among Hispanics, however, was low and requires further evaluation. A second study examined intake of calcium, milk, and non-milk beverages of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children aged 10 to 11 years and 15 to 18 years living in Utah. Milk fat percentage and source of beverage procurement were considered. Studies assessing the intake of calcium, calcium-rich foods, and foods that may interfere with calcium intake of youth in the United States were reviewed.

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Jenny, Lee. "The Relationship between Food Monitoring and Dietary and Blood Pressure Changes in Youth Participating in a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention focused on a DASH-type Diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243020223.

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Peterson, Caitlin M. "Qualitative Evaluation of an After-School Youth Leadership Program Based on the Perceptions of the Program Participants." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603415.

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Currently, there is limited research investigating participant perceptions of after-school program impacts. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of an after-school leadership program for adolescent females. Specifically, this study assessed adolescent perceptions of program impacts on changes in dietary behavior, body image, and self-esteem. Data was gathered through a series of semi-structured questions posed during a focus group. The focus group transcript was coded using the qualitative analysis technique of theoretical thematic analysis. Six major themes related to youth perceptions of program impacts emerged as follows: practicing healthy behaviors, applications at home, focus on health and inner beauty, awareness of false media messages, embracing true self, and realizing capabilities. Additionally, participants identified several components, such as hands-on activities, field trips, and structured “sharing moments” to have enhanced their experience. The perceived positive impacts demonstrate the potential benefits of programs to address common concerns in this audience related to nutrition, body image, and self-esteem.

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Follaco, Clark Rochelle A. "Anthropometry, Metabolic Control and Dietary Intake of Youth with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5310.

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The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic. The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for effect on anthropometric parameters. It was found that the group generally fell within normal distribution patterns for all growth parameters when compared to control data. Level of metabolic control, duration of diabetes and age at onset of disease had no significant effect on the anthropometric parameters studied. Duration of diabetes had no effect on level of metabolic control. The study group consumed most nutrients in amounts consistent with the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances, with the exception of vitamin B6 , folacin, iron and zinc. Consumption of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol were in excess of the current recommendations for diet in diabetes, and proportion of total energy from carbohydrate tended to be lower than recommended. Mean intakes of vitamins A, C, B 6 and s12 , thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorous, iron, magnesium and protein appeared to be higher than mean intakes of the same nutrients reported from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (1977-78) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-80) for corresponding age groups. It was suggested that since young diabetic individuals usually have close supervision of their dietary intake, their intakes are somewhat superior nutritionally than those of non-diabetic individuals. The study sample reported use of a number of special dietetic foods other than dietetic soda and sucrose-substitutes. Foods used for treatment of hypoglycemic reactions included candy, fruit and juices, regular pop, frosting and special glucose preparations designed specifically for use with insulin-dependent diabetes.

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Yohannes, Sennait. "Traditional food consumption, anthropometry, nutrient intake and the emerging relationship between Inuit youth and traditional knowledge in a Baffin Island community." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116062.

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In 2006 a youth health survey was conducted in Pangnirtung, Nunavut as part of a community collaboration. The survey assessed food use, nutrient status and anthropometry. Thirty four percent of youth were above healthy weight; soft drink consumption averaged 1 litre per day; and nutrient intake distributions showed likelihood of inadequacies in the diet. Traditional food (TF) consumption, however, had a beneficial effect on nutrient status as iron, vitamin A and protein intake was significantly higher among those who consumed TF.
Elder stories about TF were used as a pilot intervention aimed to promote TF by increasing traditional knowledge (TK) to community youth. Stories were played on a DVD and pre/post questionnaires were administered; independent and paired t-tests revealed a significant transfer of TK to youth. Qualitative analysis further revealed deep respect for TK, indicating that future initiatives should consider incorporating TK in health promotion strategies.

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Almohanna, Amal Sami. "Food Availability and Behavior of Youth EFNEP Participants in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80487.

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Low-income and minority youth are disproportionately affected by low food access, low dietary quality, and high levels of obesity. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is designed specifically to assist limited resource youth and adult audiences to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and changed behavior necessary for nutritionally sound diets, and to contribute to their personal development and improvement of the overall family diet and nutritional well-being by using a peer-education model (USDA, 2012). To date, little published research exists on dietary patterns and food access among youth who participated in EFNEP. The specific research goals of this study were to: 1) explore baseline dietary and physical activity self-efficacy and behaviors of youth EFNEP participants and compare to national trends, 2) examine differences in self-efficacy and behaviors based on socio-demographic factors and food availability, and 3) determine the association between food availability and dietary behavior. This study consisted of conducting surveys with 1,864 low-income youth, ages 7 to 14 years old, across Virginia prior to participation in an obesity-prevention program. The survey consisted of a 55-item written pre, post-test instrument that had been previously tested for validity and reliability. Most participants reported availability across all food groups, with the exception of meat and beans (41.4%) and dessert (48.3%). Significantly less than half of participants reported not meeting dietary behavior thresholds for the following food groups: grains (27.0%); whole grain (19.7%); low-fat milk (31.5%); vegetables (18.2%); colored vegetables (15.3%); and baked foods (31.7%). Availability of meats and beans and fruits were higher among Latinos than non-Latinos. Younger participants reported a higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and screen time; however, the children had participated in physical activity. Participants who reported a higher availability of fruits and vegetables at home also participated in physical activities at least once a day. This study provided insight into the availability of food, as well as food consumption among low-income audiences across Virginia, based on youth EFNEP reporting. The results highlighted the importance of strategic interventions to improve the availability of nutritious foods and obesity prevention strategies to enhance self-efficacy and intake of nutritious foods among low-income youth.
Ph. D.

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Blevins, K., Elizabeth F. Lowe, Jamie Branam Kridler, and Mary R. Langenbrunner. "The Impact of a Nutrition Education Curriculum on the Life Skills Knowledge of Juvenile Offenders in a Youth Center." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5870.

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Stern, Madeline Melissa. "Does Blood Nutrient Concentration Correlate with ADHD and Emotional Dysregulation Symptom Severity?:Exploring the Effects of Multinutrient Supplementation in ADHD Youth." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595508918067648.

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Williams, Kelli J. "Cultural perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight among rural Appalachian youth." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155042766.

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Metcalf, Sandra. "Associations of Youth Weight Status Categories and Cholesterol Levels: Analysis of Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/212.

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ABSTRACT SANDRA C. METCALF Associations of Youth Weight Status Categories and Cholesterol Levels: Analysis of Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (Under the direction of RODNEY LYN, PhD, Assistant Professor) Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, however studies specific to overweight youth and dyslipidemia are scarce. Nonetheless, expert bodies have established BMI at the 85th percentile or greater as the threshold for “at risk” in youth and advocate for lipid screening. This study analyzed associations of weight categories and occurrence of dyslipidemia among a multi-racial sample of youth 6 to 18 years of age. In this NHANES cohort, overweight youth were at significant increased risk of dyslipidemias of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Obese children and adolescents demonstrated even higher risk. This study supports the hypothesis that overweight youth are at increased risk for dyslipidemia. Despite the increased risk, test agreement for overweight and dyslipidemia was poor. BMI at the 85th percentile did not provide good discrimination in detecting children with dyslipidemia and use of this threshold warrants further review.

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Lemon, Alison K. "The Effect of a Nutrition and Fitness Program on the Dietary Habits, Fitness Level, and Health Status of Ute Indian Youth." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1987.

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Lifestyle changes from traditional diet and activities to modem diets high in fat and sugar, and sedentary habits have increased inherited health risk for diabetes and obesity among Native American youth. Nutrition education and physical activity programs have been recommended to help reduce health-risk factors. This study evaluated a summer nutrition education and fitness program for effectiveness in improving the dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, fitness level, and health status of American Indian children ages 9-14 living on or near the Uintah-Ouray Reservation in Uintah and Duchesne Counties of Eastern Utah.

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Whati, Lindiwe Harriet. "The development of a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire and performance-rating scale for urban South African adolescents participating in the 'Birth-to-Twenty' study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16624.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Birth to Twenty (BTT) study involves the monitoring of the health status and related factors of urban-born children from birth until age twenty. When the cohort reached age 13 years in 2003, nutrition knowledge assessment was identified as an important new priority and a nutrition knowledge questionnaire was required for these purposes. Subsequently a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire was developed for the BTT study. This process started with the development of a conceptual framework of nutrition-related issues facing urban South African adolescents and identification of related nutrition concepts. A pool of potential questionnaire items reflecting the concepts was subsequently developed. These items were evaluated by an expert panel to ensure content and face validity before being structured into a questionnaire. The resulting 88-item questionnaire was completed by adult and adolescent samples, each age group comprising subgroups of those likely to have good nutrition knowledge and those likely to have poor nutrition knowledge. The data obtained from the completion of the questionnaire by these groups was used to refine the questionnaire through the determination of difficulty and discriminatory indices of the items, and the deletion of items that did not meet the stated criteria. The construct validity of the remaining 63 items was assessed using the same data set. To assess the internal consistency reliability (ICR) of the 63-item questionnaire it was completed by an adolescent sample population considered to be representative of the BTT cohort, after which the questionnaire underwent further steps of refinement. The result was a 60-item questionnaire of which the ICR and construct validity was reassessed and found to be satisfactory. However, to ensure the accurate interpretation of scores obtained by testees, the development of a performance-rating scale was necessary. A norm-referenced performance-rating scale (norms) was developed by administering the nutrition knowledge questionnaire to a sample population similar to the BTT cohort (norm group) and transforming their performance scores to z-scores. The z-scores ranges were then categorised into stanines, thereby resulting in a norm-referenced performance-rating scale that can be used to rate the performance of the BTT cohort. The validity of the norms was assessed by administering the nutrition knowledge questionnaire to three validation groups that comprised groups who were expected to obtain different performance-ratings on the questionnaire based on their varying levels of nutrition knowledge. The validation groups performed as expected, with significant differences in performance-rating profiles found among the three groups, indicating the validity of the norms. The study was successful in developing a reliable and valid nutrition knowledge questionnaire for use on the urban adolescents who participate in the BTT study. A norm-referenced performance-rating scale for use with the questionnaire was also successfully developed. The questionnaire and norms will be useful in assessing nutrition knowledge as well as in comparing the changes in knowledge of the BTT cohort as they move from lower to higher school grades.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die “Birth to Twenty” (BTT)-studie behels die monitering van die gesondheidstatus en verwante faktore van kinders wat in stedelike gebiede gebore is van geboorte tot twintigjarige ouderdom. Toe die kohort in 2003 dertienjarige ouderdom bereik het, is die evaluering van die voedingkennis van die kinders as ‘n belangrike nuwe prioriteit geïdentifiseer. ‘n Toepaslike voedingkennisvraelys is vir hierdie doeleindes benodig en gevolglik is ‘n geldige en betroubare vraelys vir gebruik in die BTT-studie ontwikkel. Hierdie proses is begin deur die ontwikkeling van ‘n konseptueleraamwerk oor voedingverwante vraagstukke wat stedelike Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente in die gesig staar, asook die identifisering van verwante voedingkonsepte. ‘n Poel van potensiële vraelysitems wat die konsepte reflekteer is daarna ontwikkel. Die items is eers deur ‘n paneel van kenners evalueer om inhoud- en gesigsgeldigheid te verseker alvorens dit in ‘n vraelys omskep is. Die produk was ‘n vraelys wat 88 items ingesluit het wat vervolgens deur volwasse en adolessente groepe voltooi is. Die groepe het subgroepe ingesluit van diegene met verwagte goeie voedingkennis en diegene met verwagte swak voedingkennis. Die data wat tydens hierdie stap gegenereer is, is gebruik om die vraelys verder te verfyn deur die bepaling van die moeilikheids- en diskriminatoriese-indekse van die items. Die items wat nie aan vooraf gestelde kriteria voldoen het nie, is weggelaat. Die konstrukgeldigheid van die oorblywende 63 items is bepaal deur dieselfde datastel te gebruik. Om die interne-konsekwensie-betroubaarheid (IKB) van die vraelys te bepaal, is dit deur ‘n steekproef van adolessente, wat verteenwoordigend van die BTT-kohort is, voltooi. Hierna is die vraelys verder verfyn. Die uitkoms was ‘n 60-item vraelys waarvan die IBR en konstrukgeldigheid weereens bepaal is. Dit is gevind dat dié twee indikatore van geldigheid en betroubaarheid bevredigend is. Om akkurate interpretasie van die punt wat deur ‘n respondent vir die toets behaal te verseker, is die ideal om ‘n skaal te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word om dié punt te takseer. ‘n Norm-gebaseerde prestasietakseringskaal is ontwikkel deur die voedingkennisvraelys deur ‘n steekproef wat verteenwoordigend is van die BTT-kohort (normgroep), te laat voltooi. Die prestasiepunte is getransformer na z-tellings wat vervolgens getransformeer is na stanneges, wat ‘n norm-gebaseerde prestasietakseringskaal opgelewer het wat gebruik kan word om die prestasie van die BTT-kohort te takseer. Valideringsgroepe met verskillende vlakke van voedingkennis, wat dus na verwagting verskillend getakseer behoort te word indien die norme toegepas word, het die voedingkennisvraelys voltooi om die geldigheid van die norme te bepaal. Dié valideringsgroepe het soos voorspel presteer, met betekenisvolle verskille in die prestasieprofiele van die verskillende groepe. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat die norme geldig is. Die ontwikkeling van ‘n geldige en betroubare voedingkennistoets vir gebruik in die BTT-studie is suksesvol in hierdie studie deurgevoer. ‘n Norm-gebaseerde prestasietakseringskaal vir gebruik saam met die vraelys is ook suksesvol ontwikkel. Die vraelys en norme sal van waarde wees vir die evaluering van die voedingkennis van die BTT-kohort. Dit sal ook met sukses gebruik kan word om die verandering in die voedingkennis van die kinders soos wat hulle ouer word, te bepaal.

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32

Lustic, Melissa K. "The Effects of a Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome on At-Risk Youth in an Appalachian Community." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1237317305.

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33

Bruck, Demaree K. "Effectiveness of a Participatory, School-Based Program to Promote Nutrition and Physical-Activity Among Urban Elementary School Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377870562.

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34

Alexander, Ramine Carrice. "Using a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach to Improve Health Disparities among Youth and Adults in the Dan River Region." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70913.

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As defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services, health disparities are "a particular type of health differences that are closely linked with social or economic disadvantages." These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, unequal access to quality health care and health information. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people based on racial or ethnic group, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, mental health, cognitive, sensory, or physical disability, sexual orientation, geographic location, or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion. To address the root cause of health disparities there has been a call for more comprehensive frameworks for detecting, understanding, and designing interventions that will reduce or eliminate health disparities. One such framework is a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. CBPR is an orientation to research that focuses on relationships between academic and community partners, with principles of co-learning, mutual benefits, and long term commitment. CBPR also focuses on aspects of importance to the community with the aim of combining knowledge and action for social change to improve community health and eliminate health disparities. The overall goal of this dissertation is to build capacity and address health disparities among youth and adults in the Dan River Region. This region is federally designated as a medically under-served area/population and is located in the health disparate region of south central Virginia and north central North Carolina. This research draws on two CBPR projects, including an 8-week community garden program lead by the Dan River Partnership for a Healthy Community (DRPHC) and a 3-month childhood obesity treatment program, iChoose, led by the Partnering for Obesity Planning and Sustainability (POPS) Community Advisory Board (CAB). Since one of the primary aims for CBPR is to increase community capacity, this approach is the ideal process for engaging communities that suffer from health disparities. Thus, engaging community members as collaborators, our studies reported on the relevance and application of CBPR while simultaneously addressing health and capacity outcomes in the health disparate Dan River Region.
Ph. D.

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Wong, Siew Sun. "Development and Evaluation of an Electronic Food Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Calcium Intake among Multiethnic Youth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5513.

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Youth consuming inadequate amounts of calcium are at risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. To better assess dietary calcium intakes and the efficacy of dietary intervention strategies to improve bone health among youth, it is important to develop calcium intake assessment tools that are reliable, accurate, and interactively engaging for a new generation of youth who have a higher computer literacy and are more technologically knowledgeable than preceding generations. The goal of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate an electronic food frequency questionnaire ( eFFQ) that measures calcium intake among 11-to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and White youth. Enhancing this tool was the inclusion of 100 original digital color food photographs portraying the foods listed in the eFFQ. A formal evaluation study, as well as formative and summative evaluations of food photos and the eFFQ, was accomplished.

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Clevenger, Kimberly A. "Impact of the Teaching HENRY (Healthy Exercise and Nutrition Recommendations for Youth) Intervention on Physical Activity Knowledge and Behavior in Rural Appalachia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428876396.

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Calloway, Joanne Jewell. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITION EDUCATION USING A COMPUTERIZED DIET ANALYSIS PROGRAM WITH SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT COOLIDGE CENTRAL SCHOOL (HOME ECONOMICS, METHODOLOGY, MEDIA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275323.

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Danforth, Elizabeth J. "Adolescence is an Ocean: A Biocultural Investigation of Youth Food Consumption in Tanzania." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3059.

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This study investigates adolescents' relationships with food and other community and household members' perceptions of youth and their food consumption to understand the multifactorial dynamic processes which create nutritional outcomes among urban and rural youth in central Tanzania. Youth are an important and demographically large population in developing countries. The identities created during this distinct stage of cultural production can be reflected in youths' food consumption and relationships with food. Nutrition likely affects how youth transition through a variety of states, including their growth and development stages, primary to secondary to higher education, child to parent, or unemployed to employed. Food and nutrition are in transition in many developing countries such as Tanzania. Here, many adolescents experience undernutrition, in addition to increasing access to low-nutrient, high-calorie foods and increased risk for overweight and obesity during their lifespan. Little data exists in these contexts regarding food security, food consumption and nutritional outcomes. This study utilizes a biocultural approach which constructs adolescence as a socially distinct and culturally variable period between childhood and adulthood with unique roles and responsibilities. This framework draws upon political economy theory, with influences from political ecology, evolutionary theory and an adaptive perspective to investigate youths' relationships with food within the larger context of their lives, households and communities. This study explores the ways that gender, poverty and locality affect youth and their relationships with food through qualitative and quantitative methodology. A mixed-methods approach is used at two field sites in central Tanzania: rural Haydom Ward and urban Singida Municipality. Methods employed in this study include semi-structured interviews, pile sorts, focus groups, a quantitative survey, food frequency questionnaire, anthropometry, and participant observation. Qualitative data help to gain an in-depth understanding of adolescent health and nutrition in urban and rural areas of Tanzania, and provide a foundation for a quantitative survey, which aims to provide an overview of adolescent food consumption, nutritional status, and health-related behaviors on a larger scale. Youth food consumption and nutrition in central Tanzania is imbedded within a web of social, biological and environmental processes and influenced by gender, population density, school enrollment, household structure and poverty. Food security risks and consumption patterns vary by field site, where seasonality and drought negatively impact rural adolescents' health and food consumption patterns, while lack of money and increased food cost affect urban adolescents more. Boys are especially vulnerable; they report consuming less food and exhibit poorer nutritional status than girls. School attendance offers unique challenges to food consumption. Urban schools do not offer breakfast or lunch, so most students go the entire day without a meal. In rural areas, schools may provide food through mandatory `contributions' required for student enrollment, but these enrollment requirements can act as a barrier for poorer households. Additionally, rural schools are often far from students' homes, forcing many to live at the school in rented poor-quality shacks far from markets and potable water sources. Parents and other community members view adolescents as essential members of the household who perform important tasks in the household and community. They also construct youth as problematic, and link food insecurity to culturally problematic behaviors where food insecurity leads adolescents to migrate to larger urban areas. Here, they may experience extreme poverty, engage in transactional sex, and abuse alcohol and drugs. Adolescent food consumption is imbedded within multifactorial challenges related to education, globalization, and household and community relationships. Strategies to address adolescent health or livelihood issues in Tanzania and elsewhere must engage a holistic approach where all aspects of adolescents' lives are considered.

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Tessman, Darcy. "Favorite Food Show Guide." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146490.

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30 pp.
The Favorite Food Show Guide provides basic information for 4-H youth and adults to better prepare for this event. Multiple illustrations make this guide very user friendly and information could be used as lessons for 4-H meetings.

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Stucke, Dea. "Association of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with inflammation and arterial stiffness in youth with type I diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592135011714719.

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Conn, Jennifer, and jennifer conn@deakin edu au. "Associations between growth and diet in adolescence." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.141236.

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There is much interest in the nature and quality of the diet consumed by adolescents. To determine whether there are significant associations between diet and gain in height and weight in this age group, the present study analysed data on food intake and weight and height obtained on three occasions over a 30-month period from a total of 326 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years. Information on sociodemographic and other lifestyle factors, including an indicator of physical activity, was also obtained. Energy intake was found to be a significant positive predictor of both height and weight gain. In addition intake of fat, calcium and riboflavin were found to be significant positive predicators of height gain and intake of carbohydrate and starch significant positive predictors of weight gain. After controlling for energy intake only riboflavin approached significance as a positive predictor of height gain. A food group analysis identified intake of dairy foods as a significant predictor of height gain. Although statistically significant the dietary predictors explained only a small proportion of the variability in height and weight (≤3.5%). Given the difficulties in obtaining complete dietary records from this age group and the generally adequate nature of the diet in the study group, the small proportion of height and weight gain explained by diet is not unexpected. Nevertheless the nutrient predictors identified are consistent with nutrient requirements for growth during adolescence and highlight the importance, for this age group, of an adequate intake of nutrients specifically provided by dairy foods. Few significant associations were found between growth rates and the sociodemographic and the lifestyle factors measured in this study. The ethnic diversity of the study sample may have contributed to this outcome.

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Maurer, Jaclyn. "Snack Attack." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146471.

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Rymut, Susan M. "Association of Dietary Intake and RBC Biomarkers of Omega-3 PUFAs with Psychological Wellbeing Among Homeless Youth." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574789863984722.

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Shroff, Siddhi Lalit. "IMPACT OF THE HEALTHY HUNGER-FREE KIDS ACT ON CHANGES IN THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF SCHOOL LUNCH MENUS AND IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION ON PROMOTING STUDENT IDENTIFICATION OF FOODS HIGH IN PHYTOCHEMICALS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/33.

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Concern that youth do not have enough fruit and vegetable intake lead to two strategies implemented to influence intake in the school environment: the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) and Fighting with Food: Battling Chemical Toxicity with Good Nutrition program (FF), which could influence phytochemical content and knowledge regarding phytochemicals, respectively. Individual food logs (n=468) were assessed upon completion of FF curriculum to determine whether students were able to correctly apply their nutrition knowledge regarding FF. Menus from one district were analyzed pre-HHFKA and post-HHFKA in elementary (n=156), middle (n=171), and high schools (n=171), for change in the frequency of fruit and vegetables, and for changes in select phytochemical and vitamin content. In food logs, students correctly identified fighting foods 71% of the time. School menus showed an increase in dark green, red/orange vegetables, with significant increases in carotenoid and flavonol content. Results suggest students are applying their nutrition knowledge. Also, more variety of fruit and vegetables are being offered, despite lack of a robust increase in all phytochemicals, which can help to lower inflammation and oxidative stress. Both strategies have the potential to work together as a multi-level intervention that can encourage more fruit and vegetable consumption among youth.

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Edington, Joy Lynn. "Investigating the Stability of Bootstrapped Confirmatory Factor Analysis Estimates for Multiple Dimensions of the 2010 National Youth Nutrition and Physical Activity Study using Linear Structural Relations (LISREL)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343847941.

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Geller, Karly Scott-Hillis. "Developmental and demographic differences in youth self-efficacy for fruit and vegetable consumption and proxy efficacy for fruit and vegetable availability." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1027.

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Dalton, William T. III, Karen Schetzina, and Elizabeth Conway-Williams. "A Coordinated School Health Approach to Obesity Prevention among Appalachian Youth: Middle School Student Outcomes from the Winning With Wellness Project." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/ijhse/vol2/iss1/2.

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The Winning With Wellness (WWW) project was a school-based obesity prevention program that was developed to promote healthy eating and physical activity in youth residing in rural Appalachia. The project was based on the Coordinated School Health model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013a) and used a community-based participatory research approach with an emphasis on feasibility and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported health outcomes for middle school students across the course of the intervention. Sixth grade middle school students (N = 149; 52% girls) from four schools in Northeast Tennessee completed a survey assessing demographic factors and health behaviors as well as the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL, Varni, Seid, & Kurtin, 2001) at baseline and follow-up, approximately 9-months after project implementation. Across the course of the intervention there were no statistically significant changes from baseline to follow-up in fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, or screen time. Further, there were no statistically significant changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The lack of change in health behaviors is similar to a recent study also emphasizing sustainability (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Hannan, & Rex, 2003). Unlike in the current study, Palacio-Vieira and colleagues (2008) found HRQoL to significantly decline with age in a population-based sample of Spanish youth. It will be important to examine whether or not obesity interventions may ameliorate this effect as well as to test the feasibility and school/structural support for sustained intervention implementation at a level that promotes lifestyle change.

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Bremer, Amy. "Fuel for Learning: Impact of a Mindfulness, Yoga, and Nutrition Program on Social Emotional Skills and Behavioral Risk Factors." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448716270.

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Brooks, Kimberlee. "Grade nine students and policy : perspectives of the school nutrition and physical activity environment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3114.

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The school environment is often the focus of healthy eating and physical activity policies intended to address childhood obesity. However, students are usually excluded from the development and implementation of such policies. The purpose of this study was to explore grade nine student perspectives regarding: supports and barriers to healthy eating and physical activity at school; strategies for improving the school nutrition and physical activity environments; and potential student contribution to the development, implementation, and evaluation of school-based policies. A qualitative approach utilizing focus groups and photovoice with 30 students from two schools in southern Alberta was used to collect data. Major themes included: access to healthy food choices; teacher influences; peer influences; access to physical activity opportunities; impact of marketing; and conflicting messages. Students can provide valuable insights to policy development, implementation and evaluation. Implications for future research and policy development are reviewed.
xi, 179 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

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Jensen, Emily. "Prevalence of Childhood Obesity: A Study on Bowling Green, KY Middle School Students." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/140.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Youth – Nutrition'

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