Journal articles on the topic 'Youth Justice Service (Queensland)'
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1
Mathieson, Brenna, and Angela Dwyer. "Unnecessary and disproportionate: the outcomes of remand for indigenous young people according to service providers." Journal of Children's Services 11, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2015-0016.
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Purpose – While research often elaborates on outcomes of youth remand more broadly, the specific impact that remand has on indigenous young people can be overlooked, particularly in Australia. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses interview data gathered from eight individual service providers from six community youth organisations in a city in Queensland, Australia. Findings – Participants reported the specific effects of remand for indigenous young people and their families, noting especially the negative impact on the young people’s emotional, social and psychological development. Originality/value – Results strongly suggest there is a blurring of the welfare and justice systems inherent within remand processes with indigenous young people, with remand employed so frequently that it has itself become a form of social support.
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Hutchinson, Terry. "Making the Fun Stop: Youth Justice Reform in Queensland." Deakin Law Review 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2014vol19no2art343.
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In 2013 the newly elected conservative Liberal National Party government instigated amendments to the Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld). Boot camps replaced court ordered youth justice conferencing. In 2014 there were more drastic changes, including opening the Children’s Court proceedings to the public, permitting publication of identifying information of repeat offenders, removing the principle of ‘detention as a last resort’, facilitating prompt transferral of 17 year olds to adult prisons and instigating new bail offences and mandatory boot camp orders for recidivist motor vehicle offenders in Townsville. This article compares these amendments to the legislative frameworks in other jurisdictions and current social research. It argues that these amendments are out of step with national and international best practice benchmarks for youth justice. Early indications are that Indigenous children are now experiencing increased rates of unsentenced remand. The article argues that the government’s policy initiatives are resulting in negative outcomes and that early and extensive evaluations of these changes are essential.
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Price, Stephanie, Tim Prenzler, Nadine McKillop, and Susan Rayment-McHugh. "The evolution of youth justice conferencing in Queensland, 1990–2021." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 34, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2021.1988248.
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Chen, Bruce. "The Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld): Some perspectives from Victoria." Alternative Law Journal 45, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19899661.
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The Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) is modelled on Victoria’s dialogue model for human rights protection, the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic). This article provides a Victorian perspective on the operative provisions of Queensland’s Human Rights Act, particularly those which bind public entities, courts and tribunals when applying legislation (sections 13, 48, 58 and 59). The potential impacts of amendments by the Act to the Corrective Services Act 2006 (Qld) and Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) are also considered.
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O'Connor, Ian. "The new removals: Aboriginal youth in the Queensland juvenile justice system." International Social Work 37, no. 3 (July 1994): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289403700302.
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Curtis, Christopher A. "Facilitating youth development through service-learning: Social justice implications for underserved youth." Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 15, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746197918789404.
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The implications of how service-learning participation can enhance civic knowledge and engagement among young people are discussed at length in the existing literature. However, research that explores the utility of formalizing service-learning as a means of enriching civic education for underserved and minority youth is lacking, particularly within the context of secondary education. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discourse around increasing the use of service-learning programs as a means of supplementing existing methods that facilitate well-rounded youth development (e.g. school curricula, afterschool programs, mentorship) and enhance well-being among underserved youth within a social justice framework. The aims of this article are met by first illuminating the risk factors facing minority and underserved youth. The social justice implications of service-learning participation for youth are then discussed. Finally, the feasibility of utilizing service-learning as a protective factor for marginalized youth is explored.
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Kapoor, Anjani, Michele Peterson-Badali, and Tracey Skilling. "Barriers to Service Provision for Justice-Involved Youth." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 12 (August 22, 2018): 1832–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818794754.
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Despite robust evidence for the efficacy of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) framework, the needs of youth on community supervision, as identified by risk–need assessments, are frequently not reflected in the services they receive. Potential barriers to recommended service were examined in 219 Canadian youths who were court-ordered to receive forensic assessments. Decreased service was associated with certain criminogenic needs (e.g., antisocial attitudes, substance abuse) that were treatment impeding in nature. Lower treatment receipt was also associated with youth whose parents were detached from the probation process. Furthermore, odds of recidivism increased when youth experienced more lifestyle destabilizers, capacity issues, and systemic barriers, even after accounting for the effect of receiving intervention for identified criminogenic needs. Results suggest the importance of addressing both criminogenic and noncriminogenic factors during probation sentences and call for greater adherence to, and expansion of, the responsivity principle to include the assessment and management of destabilizing and systemic factors.
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Yoder, Jamie R., Kelly Whitaker, and Camille R. Quinn. "Perceptions of Recidivism Among Incarcerated Youth: The Relationship Between Exposure to Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Status, and the Protective Effect of Mental Health Services in Juvenile Justice Settings." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21305.
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Research suggests that youth involved the juvenile justice system have trauma histories that are two times higher than the general youth population. Juvenile justice-involved youth also have high rates of mental health symptoms. Fewer studies have examined how trauma links to mental health symptoms among youth offenders, and even less research focuses on how mental health status and service delivery can impact their perceived likelihood for success. This study examines the effects of mental health screening and service delivery on perceived future criminal justice interactions— arrest and incarceration—among adjudicated youth (n=7,073) housed in correctional facilities. Secondary data were used to examine trauma histories, mental health needs, and mental health screening and service delivery. Significant relationships between traumatic events and mental health problems were found, along with relationships between mental health problems and mental health screening and service delivery. Most interestingly, results pointed to the strong inverse relationship between mental health service delivery and youth’s perceived likelihood for recidivism. These findings show the promise of juvenile justice systems appropriately responding to the mental health concerns of youth.
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Jeffries, Samantha, William R. Wood, and Tristan Russell. "Adult Restorative Justice and Gendered Violence: Practitioner and Service Provider Viewpoints from Queensland, Australia." Laws 10, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10010013.
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This paper presents findings from a study exploring the experiences and viewpoints of conventional criminal justice actors, social and legal service providers, and restorative justice (RJ) conference facilitators/convenors regarding the use of adult RJ conferencing in cases of intimate partner, domestic, family (IPDFV) and sexual violence (SV). Results indicated strong views about what IPDFV/SV victims needed from a system of justice, perceived failings of conventional justice systems in this regard, and the potential of RJ to deliver more efficacious justice. Nevertheless, using RJ in these cases posed concerns and challenges. Research participants identified steps that could be taken to overcome these issues through an RJ best practice framework underpinned by a victim-centred approach committed to victim empowerment, safety, healing, and practitioner training.
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Church, Abere Sawaqdeh, David K. Marcus, and Zachary K. Hamilton. "Community Service Outcomes in Justice-Involved Youth: Comparing Restorative Community Service to Standard Community Service." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 1243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211008488.
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Traditional mandated community service (CS) typically consists of picking up trash or performing manual labor, distanced from the community. Some juvenile justice programs have begun to implement restorative community service (RCS) programs that enable youth to complete meaningful CS projects in a shame-free manner alongside community members. This study compared RCS with a standard community service (SCS) program in two counties in Washington State on psychosocial outcomes, including attitudes, peer relationships, school conduct, academic performance, and substance use. Recidivism was also examined. RCS was associated with reduced substance use and fewer school conduct difficulties compared with SCS, and also positively influenced peer relationships and attitudes. These findings suggest that adding a restorative component to CS may improve psychosocial outcomes for justice-involved youth, but there was no evidence that adding a restorative component to CS led to reduced recidivism. Additional systematic studies are needed to determine whether these findings replicate.
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Walsh, Tamara, and Robin Fitzgerald. "Youth Justice, Community Safety and Children’s Rights in Australia." International Journal of Children’s Rights 30, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 617–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-30030009.
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Abstract Australian children have few legal rights and in the context of youth justice, community safety tends to be prioritised over the best interests and wellbeing of children. “Tough on crime” approaches to youth justice law and policy have been influenced by penal populism, whilst the voices of practitioners who work with young people who commit offences remain largely ignored. We interviewed 92 practitioners who work in criminal law settings in a low socioeconomic area in Queensland, Australia, to ascertain their views on the effectiveness of criminal law interventions in their community. Practitioners recognised the need to ensure the safety of the community when dealing with the offending behaviour of children, but they felt that current criminal law responses do not achieve this goal. Instead, they were in favour of interventions that prioritised children’s wellbeing so that the causes of their offending behaviour were addressed. Whilst they did not use rights-based language, their suggestions for reform were consistent with the protection of children’s fundamental rights as recognised by international law.
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Trotter, Christopher John. "Working with families in youth justice." Probation Journal 64, no. 2 (February 17, 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550517692057.
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There is considerable evidence that family relationships are a factor in youth offending and that working with families of young offenders can improve family relationships and reduce the likelihood of re-offending. There is less evidence that frontline youth justice staff can successfully deliver family interventions to the families of young people on court orders. This study examines a project which involves the delivery of collaborative family work by youth justice workers in New South Wales, Australia, to young people and their families as part of a statutory youth justice service. The paper first outlines the literature, which supports the value of working with the families of young offenders. It then outlines the aims and methodology of the study followed by a discussion of the results, limitations and implications.
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Stewart, Anna, Hennessey Hayes, Michael Livingston, and Gerard Palk. "Youth justice conferencing and indigenous over-representation in the Queensland juvenile justice system: a micro-simulation case study." Journal of Experimental Criminology 4, no. 4 (October 29, 2008): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-008-9061-5.
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Stewart, Anna Louise, and Frances Smith. "Youth justice conferencing and police referrals: The gatekeeping role of police in Queensland, Australia." Journal of Criminal Justice 32, no. 4 (July 2004): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.04.005.
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O'Brien, Grace, and Michelle Trudgett. "School House to Big House." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 49, no. 1 (August 29, 2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2018.13.
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In 1991, the Australian Government released the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody Report. Of the 339 recommendations, Recommendation 62 identified that there was an alarming over-representation of Indigenous youth in contact with the criminal justice system. The report called for immediate action by governments to develop strategies that would urgently reduce retention rates of Indigenous youth within the prison system. Analysis of the literature indicates that almost three decades after the release of this report, the high numbers of Indigenous youth who are incarcerated, or who have come into contact with the juvenile justice system remains the same. Although there is a good deal of literature investigating the criminological characteristics of this phenomena; there is a substantial gap in the literature surrounding the educational exclusion of young Indigenous males from the formal education system. This paper focusses specifically on the literature surrounding student exclusion from state schools and how this may provide some insight into the subsequent over-representation of young Indigenous males within the Queensland juvenile justice system.
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Bright, Charlotte Lyn, Jill Farrell, Andrew M. Winters, Sara Betsinger, and Bethany R. Lee. "Family Centered Treatment, Juvenile Justice, and the Grand Challenge of Smart Decarceration." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 5 (September 20, 2017): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517730127.
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Purpose: Responding to social work’s grand challenge of smart decarceration, this study investigated whether Family Centered Treatment (FCT), a home-based service for juvenile court-involved youth, is more effective than group care (GC) in reducing recidivism. Outcomes are juvenile readjudication and commitment to placement, and adult conviction and sentence of incarceration. Method: Data were drawn from service provider and state administrative databases. Propensity score matching was used to create a sample of 1,246 FCT youth and 693 GC youth. Cox proportional hazard models estimated time to the four outcomes. Results: FCT participants had a significantly lower risk of adult conviction and adult incarceration relative to youth who received GC. The findings for juvenile outcomes were nonsignificant. Discussion: FCT shows more favorable adult criminal justice outcomes than GC, making it a potentially effective community-based service to support smart decarceration for juvenile court-involved youth.
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Gavriliuk, Vera V. "Justice and solidarity in the perceptions of working-class youth in service industries." Siberian Socium 6, no. 1 (2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2022-6-1-33-43.
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The modern approaches to the concepts of solidarity and justice that are basic for society have been examined in the article. In the Russian intellectual tradition, solidarity practices were considered within a moral and axiological dimension. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the specifics in the perceptions of new working-class youth involved in service sector of the economy of social justice and solidarity, interconnection of class self-awareness and corporate solidarity practices. The article contains an analysis of the original empirical material obtained by the implementation of qualitative sociological research tools. The object of the study was the working-class youth employed in the service sector of the economy, both in the field of customer service and in the infrastructure field of industrial production. Novelty of the article lies within generalization of this youth’s perceptions of justice, types and forms of solidarity. The research yielded such conclusion that the most significant and recognized issues of justice and solidarity for the working-class youth are in the field of industrial relations. As it was revealed during the research, the youth of the service sector is objectively vulnerable to the highest precarity of industrial relations. However, its actual dangers have not yet gained enough recognition of public consciousness and are not studied by Russian sociologists. Issues of the first employment of the youth, discrepancy between professional qualifications and labor markets, intergenerational crisis in industrial relations remain the most acute problems of justice. The respondents view solidarity as relations in a particular workforce, usually in a passive manner; the awareness of class solidarity is virtually nonexistent. The working-class youth demonstrates indifference towards political forms of solidarity and to political life.
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Seymour, Kathryn. "Building on strengths: A new framework for positive youth development program practice." Queensland Review 24, no. 1 (June 2017): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2017.3.
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AbstractThis article introduces a new strengths-based approach to youth development program practice developed in Queensland, Australia. This approach is encapsulated in a good practice framework, its six principles, their underlying indicators and examples of action. The framework is a wholly new synthesis of academic, youth and practitioner expertise, and demonstrates the complex ecological nature of youth programs and the bi-directional links between the diversity of staff and youth needs, and contributions made within the program environment. I introduce the framework by discussing each of the six principles, which focus on the themes of learning and development; leadership and decision making; an inclusive ethos; community service; partnerships and networking; and ethical promotion. Taken together, the principles presented here embody an innovative, comprehensive and comprehensible framework for volunteer and paid youth practitioners, service providers and youth studies scholars.
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Graham, Thomas L. Crofoot, and Kevin Corcoran. "Mental Health Screening Results for Native American and Euro-American Youth in Oregon Juvenile Justice Settings." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1053.
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Mental health needs of Native American youth in the Oregon juvenile justice system are compared to those of Euro-American youth. The comparison is between 109 Euro-American youth and 22 Native American youth drawn from two samples of youth adjudicated to community service and incarcerated. The youth completed a mental health history and indices of mental health and health status. Native American youth are disproportionately represented in the Oregon juvenile justice system. Mental health profiles of Native American youth reflect problems at least as severe as those of Euro-American youth, and both Native American and Euro-American youth in the juvenile justice system had profiles different from those of youth not referred for clinical services. More Native American youth .(42.5%) compared to Euro-American youth (27.5%) reported considering suicide in the past 12 months. Mental health screenings for both Native American and Euro-American youth are indicated.
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Butcher, Luke, Andrew Day, Garry Kidd, Debra Miles, and Steven Stanton. "Community engagement in youth justice program design." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820933332.
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Aboriginal young people from rural areas in Australia are significantly over-represented in the youth justice system, and yet there is little evidence to indicate that current programs are having measurable success on rates of re-offending, suggesting alternative approaches are required. Drawing on new directions in human service policy that emphasise the importance of involving community in program design, this study reports the findings of a consultation with Aboriginal community members from one rural community to identify how the ecological validity of youth justice programs may be increased to be more responsive to local need. Eighteen Aboriginal community members from a town in Western New South Wales participated in semi-structured interviews, guided by a culturally informed research methodology. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify key themes that the community saw as important in program design, highlighting the need for consistent levels of support for local and community-driven solutions. Proposed conditions to enhance the ecological validity of programs are discussed.
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Danzi, Jane. "The Reality of Youth in Isolation." Children Australia 16, no. 04 (1991): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012566.
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Weipa is a small mining town with a population of 3,000, located on the west coast of far North Queensland. The mining of bauxite and kaolin by Comalco Mineral Products provide the reason for Weipa’s existence. Frequently described as a ‘closed town’, Weipa has no local government authority. All housing is supplied by Comalco and most of the working population is employed by the company. Those not employed by Comalco are mostly government employees or service personnel. Now twenty-six years old, Weipa is facing a possible change from company control to local government management, a move referred to as ‘normalisation’, and one which has evoked mixed feelings.
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Kennedy, Heather, Jill Elnicki, Dayna Torrieri, and Elaine Scallan Walter. "Increasing the Capacity of Youth-Serving Professionals: Evaluation of the Online Social Justice Approach to Youth Engagement Course." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 8, no. 1 (November 4, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23733799211053883.
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There has been increased commitment to youth engagement in public health. However, those seeking to engage youth often lack the knowledge and skills to sustain meaningful youth engagement, constraining the potential positive impacts. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of training programs for practitioners who seek to increase their capacity to engage youth authentically. Given the need to train adults who work with youth, we developed and evaluated an online course to support public health and social service professionals in a social justice approach to youth engagement. During this 7-week course, grounded in social justice youth development theory, participants analyzed how power, privilege, and oppression operated in their own lives and engaged in conversations about disrupting systems of power that oppress young people. Fifty-eight participants completed the course as part of four cohorts, and 41 participants completed a survey (71% response rate) at all four time points (pre, post, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up). Paired t tests showed that participants experienced significant changes ( p < .0001) in their confidence to implement practices and curricula associated with social justice youth development, critique and provide evidence-informed recommendations to their organizational setting, and describe and disrupt adultism—the systematic subordination of youth by adults. Effects were sustained 6 months post course. Qualitative responses to survey items further supported the positive benefit of the course on their professional youth work. This course provides a promising model for training public health and social service professionals on how to authentically work with youth through a social justice lens.
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Johnson, Lee Michael, Susan M. Lebold, and Paul Elam. "Use of Research Evidence by Juvenile Justice and Youth Service Professionals." Criminal Justice Policy Review 27, no. 4 (August 27, 2014): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403414548314.
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Howarth-Lees, Danielle, and Kevin Woods. "Eliciting and integrating views of children and families within the work of youth justice services: What can educational psychologists contribute?" Educational and Child Psychology 39, no. 2 (June 2022): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2022.39.2.121.
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This study aims to explore why and how the views of others are elicited and integrated within youth justice work, and how educational psychologists (EPs) may support this. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) (United Nations, 1989) highlights the right for all children and young people to express their views, thoughts and feelings on issues affecting them and for these views to be seriously considered.Youth justice services work within a ‘child first’ principle and upholding of this is partly achieved through the elicitation and integration of children’s views. Similar to this, EPs aim to ensure participation and advocacy is integral to their own work. Their experiences of working across a wide age and developmental range means EPs are well placed in eliciting and integrating views from a diverse range of groups. Semi-structured interviews with staff from two English youth justice services are used, albeit both services did not have any prior experience of educational psychology services. Thematic analysis of data identifies three global themes addressing the facilitators and barriers of eliciting and integrating views, as well as how youth justice professionals view EPs supporting them in their work.The paper concludes that there is scope within the EP role for supporting youth justice services. Future research could identify how different youth service roles might differentially utilise educational psychology service.
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McCalman, Janya Robyn, Ruth Fagan, Tina McDonald, Semara Jose, Paul Neal, Ilse Blignault, Deborah Askew, and Yvonne Cadet-James. "The Availability, Appropriateness, and Integration of Services to Promote Indigenous Australian Youth Wellbeing and Mental Health: Indigenous Youth and Service Provider Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010375.
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Concerns about the complexity, fragmentation and inefficiency of Australia’s current youth mental health service systems have led policy makers to seek improvements through a shift to community-based solutions. However, there is little evidence of how communities can make this shift. This paper examines the efforts of one Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter, respectfully, Indigenous) community—Yarrabah in north Queensland—to develop strategies for mental health and wellbeing service system improvements for school-aged youth (5–18 years). The research was co-designed with Yarrabah’s community-controlled health service and explores the perceptions of Yarrabah youth and service providers. Iterative grounded theory methods were used to collect and analyse data from 32 youth aged 11–24 years and 24 service providers. Youth were reluctant to seek help, and did so only if they felt a sense of safety, trust, relationality and consistency with providers. Young people’s four suggestions for improvement were access to (1) information and awareness about mental health; (2) youth facilities, spaces and activities; (3) safe and available points of contact; and (4) support for recovery from mental illness. Service providers highlighted an appetite for youth-guided community change and recommended five improvement strategies: (1) listening to youth, (2) linking with community members, (3) providing wellbeing promotion programs, (4) intervening early, and (5) advocating to address the determinants of youth mental health. Overall, both groups realised a disjunct between youth need and service provision, but a willingness to work together for systems change. This study demonstrates the importance of community-driven efforts that harness both youth and service providers’ perspectives, and suggests a need for ongoing dialogue as the basis for co-designing and implementing improvements to wellbeing supports and mental health services for Indigenous youth.
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Ellem, Kathy, and Kelly Richards. "Police Contact with Young People with Cognitive Disabilities: Perceptions of Procedural (In)justice." Youth Justice 18, no. 3 (August 14, 2018): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225418794357.
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The interactions of police with young people with cognitive disabilities (YPWCD) have seldom been considered in research, even though this group is over-represented in the criminal justice system. This article presents the results of a qualitative study into YPWCD’s experiences with police in Queensland, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with service providers who work with YPWCD and YPWCD themselves. The procedural justice perspective was used as an analytic framework to provide an insight into YPWCD’s relationships with the police. Findings point to ways in which police can better respond to YPWCD in procedurally just ways, as well as to the role that family and service providers might play in supporting this outcome.
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Creaney, Sean, and Roger Smith. "Youth justice back at the crossroads." Safer Communities 13, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection on the current trajectory of youth justice policy. The paper offers fresh insight into the changing face of youth justice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a range of sources, including published journal articles and statistical evidence. In so doing it critically reviews relevant academic literature. Findings – Three critical insights arise from the review. First, there are promising approaches emerging in youth justice organised around the principle of avoiding formal processing of young people where possible; such as, for example, Triage, the Youth Restorative Disposal, Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion schemes, the Swansea Bureau and the Durham Pre-Reprimand Disposal. Thus there is evidence of an emerging consensus, across the domains of policy, practice and legislation which seem to endorse the idea of community-based minimum intervention, supported by principles of offender rehabilitation and restoration. Second, whilst they have not intruded to any great extent in the sphere of youth justice so far, there is no doubt that the government is keen to extend the remit of Payment by Results schemes. Perhaps most concerning is the issue with private sector organisations engaging in “gaming activities” where maximising profit becomes the intention over enhancing the well-being of the young person. Third, it is argued that in order to reconcile the lack of user-led engagement of offenders, and experiences of disempowerment, the priority should be, throughout the Youth Justice System, to involve young people in assessment and decision-making processes. Research limitations/implications – As an exploratory paper, it does not set out to provide a blueprint on “how” the issues outlined should be resolved. Rather, it provides a basis for further discussion, and highlights some examples of promising practice, particularly around the issues of offender engagement, participation and rights compliance. This is particularly important considering that the UK government will report to the United Nations this year (2014) on its progress in implementing and complying with the children's right agenda. Practical implications – The paper highlights the issues and ambiguities facing practitioners working within a payment by results framework which is contextualised by what appears to be a more liberal tone in public policy. It also explores the challenges delivering participatory approaches. Originality/value – The paper investigates a neglected area in youth justice, namely that of participatory approaches. It argues that, although there are resource pressures and time constraints, service user participatory techniques should be encouraged, particularly as they promote positive engagement and motivation, principally by offering a sense of control over choice.
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Doolan, Mike. "Practice Notes: Understanding the purpose of youth justice in New Zealand." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 20, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol20iss3id343.
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The administration of justice can become an arid procedural concern when practitioners lose sight of purpose. This article focuses on the purposes of the youth justice provisions of the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989. After traversing New Zealand’s historical responses to children who offend and contrasting the conceptual underpinnings of those approaches with current legislation, the article identifies the three key aims of youth justice reform which took place during the late 1980s – providing due process guarantees; finding alternatives to enmeshing young people and their families in the formal criminal justice system; and promoting culturally respectful processes. The author argues that almost all of the procedures of the legislation link to one or other of these aims and by understanding these linkages, all youth justice practitioners – judges, legal advocates, coordinators, social workers, police and community service providers – can ensure the intentions of the law are not lost in the exigencies of the day-to-day activity. The article concludes by proposing that all youth justice practitioners, in addition to their role-specific functions, have a collective responsibility to ensure the mandate of the law is given effect.
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Kessell, Barbara. "More than Service-Learning: What I Learned About Me, and You, and Them. Relationships Matter." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 2 (November 22, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v2i0.119.
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Here I was, a 48-year-old, recently divorced woman, returning to school to finally finish a college degree. As part of my Ethics requirement for an undergraduate degree in Psychology, I enrolled in the course Self, Community, and Service: Thinking and Action for Ethical Being. I teamed up with a community partner, Marin YMCA Youth Court as a Case Manager. My role as Case Manager was to help troubled teens who had broken the law. The Marin County Youth Court is an innovative restorative justice alternative to the traditional juvenile justice system. It is an early intervention program for first-time misdemeanor offenders. The program is designed to give youth between the ages of ten and seventeen, who have broken the law and admitted their guilt, a second chance. If the offender completes his/her sanctions within three months, his/her juvenile record is cleared. The Case Manager’s responsibilities include attending the youth’s hearing and meeting with the youth and his/her family immediately following the hearing. The Case Manager helps the youth find a non-punitive community service opportunity, ensures the youth attends all sanctioned youth court meetings, and makes weekly contact with the youth (usually via telephone) until completion of the sanctions, including community service hours. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I assumed this would be just another hurdle to jump over in my efforts to finish my college degree. It turned out to be so much more.
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Stack, Michelle. "Video Production and Youth-Educator Collaboration: Openings and dilemmas." Articles 44, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039038ar.
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Abstract This study explores a collaborative project between high school youth and adult educators (graduate students in education) to create public service announcements. How do young people and educators talk about media, politics, power, and social change? Based on my observations of participant interaction, I argue that power is not dichotomous, with adults necessarily exerting power over youth. The very act of creating a collaborative video can provide a meaningful pedagogical tool to mobilize the individuals involved to engage in conversations about the meaning of social justice and strategies for achieving greater social justice.
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Smith, Roger, and Patricia Gray. "The changing shape of youth justice: Models of practice." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818781199.
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This article reports on a two-year investigation, which maps out contemporary approaches to the delivery of youth justice in England, in light of substantial recent changes in this area of practice. The findings are derived from a detailed examination of youth offending plans and a series of corroborative semi-structured interviews with managers and practitioners from selected youth offending services. Our inquiry has enabled us to develop a detailed three-fold typology of youth justice agencies’ orientations towards practice, represented as ‘offender management’, ‘targeted intervention’ and ‘children and young people first’; as well as a small number of ‘outliers’ where priorities are articulated rather differently. Our findings enable us to reflect on this evidence to suggest that there are a number of ‘models’ of youth justice practice operating in parallel; and that there does not appear at present to be the kind of ‘orthodoxy’ in place which has sometimes prevailed in this field. We also raise doubts about previous representations of unified models of youth justice presumed to be operative at national or jurisdictional levels. We conclude with a number of further observations about the combined effect of current influences on the organization and realization of youth justice, including the growing emphasis on localized responsibility for delivery and increasingly complex expectations of the service context.
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Kosky, Robert J., and Pauline Dundas. "Death by Hanging: Implications for Prevention of an Important Method of Youth Suicide." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (October 2000): 836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00807.x.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with deaths by hanging among young people in Queensland, Australia. Method: An examination of coroner's reports for all deaths by hanging of people under 25 years of age that occurred in Queensland in the years 1995 and 1996. Results: All cases were recorded as suicides. Most were males and a quarter were indigenous persons. Half the deaths occurred in regional or rural areas. Unemployment, the experience of personal loss, psychiatric illness and alcohol use were possible precipitating agents. Early warning signs were the onset of uncharacteristic behaviours and threats of suicide. Conclusions: The private nature of hanging means that there are rarely opportunities to prevent it in the period immediately before the fatal event. Earlier interventions will have to be considered. To prevent hanging as a means of suicide, we need to understand more about the difficulties experienced by some young men who are living in rural areas. We need more information about the cultural problems experienced by indigenous youths in their teenage years. Young people in the justice system may need personal support. There is a pressing need to determine if young people, especially in rural areas, have adequate access to the professional expertise needed to diagnose and treat mental disorders.
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Creaney, Sean. "“Game playing” and “docility”: youth justice in question." Safer Communities 19, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-01-2020-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore young people's experiences of youth justice supervision with particular reference to the efficacy of participatory practices. This paper is based on findings from a study concerning the extent and nature of children’s participation in decision-making in youth justice. The paper uses Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, as a heuristic/practical device, to investigate children’s ability to express agency and shape or influence the content and format of interventions and approaches in youth justice. Design/methodology/approach The researcher’s interest in understanding the perceptions and experiences of youth justice supervision led to the adoption of the qualitative approach and specifically in-depth interviews and participant observations. The researcher interviewed front-line professionals (n = 14), operational managers (n = 6) and children under youth justice supervision (n = 20). This study involved 15 months of fieldwork undertaken between 2016 and 2017 at a youth offending service in England. Findings Several young people were seeking to exert minimal energy to achieve a type of passive compliance with court order requirements, adopting a “ready-to-conform” mindset. Professionals were concerned that they were also participating in this type of “game playing”. Practical implications A relationship-based practice that is conducive to meaningful participation can help to facilitate positive changes to lifestyles and circumstances. This paper exposes its pivotal role in bolstering children’s involvement in supervision, reducing passive compliance and preventing inauthentic transactional arrangements from forming. Originality/value In spite of the significant interest in the work of Pierre Bourdieu, his “thinking tools” have seldom been used to investigate the experiences, attitudes and behaviours of youth justice professionals and those under youth offending team supervision at.
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Kinchin, Irina, Komla Tsey, Marion Heyeres, and Yvonne Cadet-James. "Systematic review of youth mental health service integration research." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 4 (2016): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15114.
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Quality mental health care is based on the integration of care across organisations and disciplines. The aims of this study were, first, to assess the extent, characteristics and reported outcomes of publications concerned with youth mental health service integration in Australia and internationally; and second, to investigate the study design quality of evaluative interventions and determine whether the studies report on the cost-effectiveness of the integration in order to inform the reform of youth mental health services by Queensland Health. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature and a narrative synthesis were undertaken of English language publications from 21 electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: published 1998–2014 (inclusive); peer-reviewed research; focused on mental health services integration; reported data for youth aged 12–25 years. The methodological quality of evaluative interventions was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria: one (4%) was classified as a measurement research, 13 (52%) as descriptive, and 11 (44%) as interventions including five (45%) evaluative interventions. Four out of the five evaluative interventions reported positive effects of youth mental health service integration. Particular problems included ambiguity of definitions, absence of economic or cost analyses and insufficient consumer involvement. The methodological quality of the interventions was variable with, on average, a moderate level of selection bias and study design. Despite a slight increase in the number of studies in the last couple of years, there are important gaps in the evidence base for youth mental health service integration processes. The relatively small number of evaluative studies and lack of economic evaluations point to the need for additional research in this important area.
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McCarter, Susan. "Intersection of Mental Health, Education, and Juvenile Justice: The Role of Mental Health Providers in Reducing the School-to-Prison Pipeline." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.21.1.7.
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The school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) describes the corridor between the education system and the justice system which is increasingly filled with children and youth who have mental health challenges. Approximately 22% of children (under 18 years old) in the general U.S. population have psychiatric disorders, as compared to approximately 70% of justice-involved children (Cocozza & Shufelt, 2006; Teplin et al., 2002). This article uses the differential behavior hypothesis and the differential selection/processing hypothesis to critically examine the intersection of the mental health, education, and juvenile justice systems and the overrepresentation of mental illness for justice-involved youth in the United States. Early identification, assessment, barriers to care and health disparities, school discipline, and the criminalization of children and youth with mental illness are explored with global implications. Recommendations and promising practices are offered including: improved data and service provider collaborations, community-based services and systems of care, diversion and decarceration, juvenile mental health courts, and juvenile crisis intervention teams.
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Scott, Terri, Shelley l. Brown, and Tracey A. Skilling. "Predictive and Convergent Validity of the Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument in a Sample of Male and Female Justice-Involved Youth." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 6 (April 21, 2019): 811–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819842585.
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Sufficient evidence exists that gender should and does matter in offender management. This study examined the predictive validity of risk and strength factors extracted from the Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument (YASI) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in a sample of 254 justice-involved youth (148 males, 106 females) from Ontario, Canada. Overall, total risk scores from both measures predicted recidivism (area under receiver operator characteristic curve [AUCs] = .62-.70). Domain-level analyses illustrated that criminal attitudes and associates (scored as risks or protective/strengths) were among the strongest predictors of recidivism in both genders. The YASI demonstrated strong convergent validity with the YLS/CMI. The results support the YASI and the YLS/CMI as viable risk assessment measures for justice-involved male and female youth. Given that the YASI includes both gender neutral and gender responsive items, it may be a particularly good choice for use with justice-involved females.
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Leviton, Susan, Marc A. Schindler, and Renee S. Orleans. "African-American Youth: Drug Trafficking and the Justice System." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.1078.
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Objective. To examine the role of the legal system in adolescent drug trafficking. Methods. Descriptive and analytic review of the literature and relevant legislation. Findings. Utilization of young adolescents by drug "kingpins" in drug trafficking is a new practice that is highly advantageous to the employer for several legal and economic reasons. From the perspective of the drug kingpins, juveniles are particularly useful in drug trafficking because they work for lower wages. Further, even if the youth are arrested, the juvenile justice system enables their rapid return for continued service in the drug trade. From the perspective of the youth, drug trafficking offers one of the few economic opportunities available to them. Further, the numbers suggest a tremendous racial disparity in the juvenile justice system. Conclusions. The mutual advantages to both employer and employee of using youths in drug trafficking increases the likelihood that this new practice will continue to flourish and with increasingly young children. Effective prevention and treatment interventions will need to be multifaceted, addressing the economic, educational, and social issues that have permitted the rapid emergence of adolescent drug trafficking. Finally, further investigation of the apparent racial disparities is necessary.
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Rodriguez, Nancy. "THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN REDUCING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 15, no. 1 (2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000152.
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AbstractIn recent years, we have witnessed various efforts by the federal government to advance our justice system and improve public safety. Collaborations across justice and service agencies and research on what works in criminal justice policy have been central in criminal justice reform activities. Within the juvenile justice arena, reducing rates of victimization and delinquency, as well as implementing strategies to reduce racial and ethnic disparities remain priorities. In this essay, I discuss how research on neuroscience and brain development, and racial and ethnic disparities in justice system outcomes has informed juvenile justice policy and procedural protections for youth. I also review how school policies and practices can perpetuate racial and ethnic disparities in justice outcomes. Throughout the essay, I discuss the federal government’s role in supporting research to advance policies and practices designed to reduce these harms. I highlight the implications of these activities and ways in which data and research can continue to play a key role in realizing equal opportunity and justice for all youth, especially as they are the most vulnerable members of society.
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Atilola, O., G. Abiri, and B. Ola. "The Nigerian juvenile justice system: from warehouse to uncertain quest for appropriate youth mental health service model." BJPsych International 16, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.37.
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Mental health service provision for youth within the juvenile justice system remains a topic of contemporary global discourse. To bring perspectives from under-resourced regions, we examine the current limitations of some globalised models for mental health services within the juvenile justice system in Nigeria. The important multi-systemic steps needed to reposition the system for modern mental health promotion and services are highlighted.
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Prenzler, Tim. "The Decay of Reform: Police and Politics in Post-Fitzgerald Queensland." Queensland Review 4, no. 2 (October 1997): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001501.
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The 1989 Fitzgerald Report into police and governmental corruption in Queensland has been a model for public sector reform in Australia. It is especially timely to consider the impact of those reforms in light of the current overhaul of the largest police agency in Australia, the New South Wales Police Service, and of continuing problems with public sector probity in other states. Queensland made significant advances in improving electoral and administrative processes, and creating external independent oversight of the police. Nonetheless, unforeseen gaps in the Fitzgerald agenda allowed reactionary forces to dilute the reform process. Three primary areas remain ‘unreconstructed’. Reform has not been firmly established from the top down, beginning with progressing the system of representative democracy and opening up cabinet. Additionally, the Police Service appears to have successfully resisted the prescribed re-orientation away from law enforcement to community policing. Detection and control of misconduct also remain weak. A more interventionist Criminal Justice Commission is needed, with more proactive strategies for developing compliance with ethical standards.
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Appleby, Joanna. "Social work and service improvement: An example from the first youth forensic forum." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 32, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol32iss1id709.
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INTRODUCTION: This article focuses on the social work contribution to service improvement by reflecting on the establishment of the first youth forensic forum in Aotearoa New Zealand, held in October 2018.APPROACH: An exploration of the Aotearoa New Zealand context that led to the establishment of the first youth forensic workforce forum is presented. Issues included disjointed mental health care for young offenders who move between secure residences, concerns about over- assessment of vulnerable young people, silo-ed specialist youth forensic knowledge, and a disconnected workforce. Led by a social worker, youth forensic workforce issues were addressed through the inaugural national youth forensic forum in 2018. The aim of the forum was to bring a disparate workforce together in order to improve mental health assessment experiences for young people within youth justice residences. This initiative was grounded in social work approaches of Māori responsivity, networking, ecological systems and relational practice.CONCLUSION: Social workers have an important role in advocating for, and effecting, system change. The process for doing so within the youth forensic forum is presented. Social workers in all fields of practice are encouraged to consider how they work to make systems more responsive to the people they serve.
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Brereton, David, and Andrew Ede. "What has Reform Wrought? The Impact of the Fitzgerald Inquiry on Police Integrity in Queensland." Queensland Review 4, no. 2 (October 1997): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001537.
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On 24 September 1997 the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) released a comprehensive report entitled Integrity in the Queensland Police Service: Implementation and Impact of the Fitzgerald Inquiry Reforms, in line with its statutory obligation to report to Parliament on the implementation of the recommendations of the Inquiry. Earlier reports have examined the implementation of the Inquiry's recommendations relating to recruitment and training and the restructuring of the police service (see CJC 1993, 1994). This most recent report addresses issues such as whether the Fitzgerald reforms have enhanced the effectiveness of the complaints investigation process, led to improved standards of behaviour within the Queensland Police Service (QPS), reduced the incidence of corruption and weakened the influence of the police ‘code of silence’. In addition to providing a retrospective assessment of the ‘Fitzgerald reforms’, the report identifies key areas where further action is required by the QPS and provides a reference point against which to measure future progress. This article summarises the key findings of the report and briefly discusses the implications for further reform of the QPS and the role of the CJC in that process.
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Davidson, Emma. "Social justice or social control? An ethnographic study of detached youth work in Scotland." Scottish Affairs 29, no. 2 (May 2020): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2020.0318.
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This article examines the experiences of a newly formed detached youth work project in Scotland and its relationship to neo-liberal ideology. The growth of neo-liberalism has, as with other social professions, made detached youth work vulnerable to a deficit-based approach. This has come hand-in-hand with managerial practices focused on efficient, targeted interventions delivered through short term budgets. The article, drawing on ethnographic data, describe a team of youth workers challenged with reconciling their deep commitment to delivering a programme of relational youth work with the targeted focus of the project on ‘risky’ youth and associated local apparatus of community safety. Throughout youth work's history the dividing line between youth work and mechanisms of social control has been slippery to navigate. The article argues that emergent neo-liberal ideology presents a further professional challenge to youth work. In the context of austerity and a widening neo-liberal policy agenda from Westminster, Scottish youth workers are being required to work harder to demonstrate that the service is not simply there to target ‘risky’ social groups or ‘plug the gaps’ that the state can no longer provide. Youth workers, in this context, must continue to make the case in defence of well-resourced, universal youth work and its potential to contribute to tackling social injustice and inequality.
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Jin, J., C. Fuller, X. Liu, B. Fan, N. A. Ukonu, and P. Wu. "Racial disparities in treatment service utilization among U.S. adolescent substance abusers with criminal justice system involvement." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71768-0.
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IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that African American youth are over-represented in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Substance use problems are common among those with CJS involvement. However, less is known regarding racial disparities, among youth with CJS involvement, in receiving substance use treatment services.ObjectiveTo examine racial disparities with regard to receiving treatment services for substance use related problems, among youth with (CJS) involvement.MethodsData were obtained from the 2006–2008 United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in USA. Among White and African American adolescents (Ages 12–17) with recent CJS involvement and who met criteria for alcohol or illicit drug abuse or dependence (N = 602), racial differences in receiving treatment services for substance use problems were examined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of service access among the adolescents, to see if the racial disparity could be explained by individual-level, family-level, and criminal justice system involvement factors.ResultsWhile 31.2% of White adolescent substance abusers with CJS involvement had received treatment for substance use related problems, only 11.6% of their African American counterparts had received such treatment (P = 0.0005). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that access to treatment services can be predicted by substance use related delinquent behaviors, but that racial disparities in treatment still exist after adjusting for these factors (AOR = 0.24, 95%CI = (0.09,0.59), P = 0.0027).ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to reduce racial disparities in receiving substance use treatment among U.S. youth with CJS involvement.
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Clifford, Sarah, James A. Smith, and Benjamin Christie. "“You See the Very Sharp Edge of the Problems of Prejudice in Town”: Youth Service Providers’ Perceptions of a Regional Community Facebook Group." Social Media + Society 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 205630512090470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120904708.
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The prolific growth of social media in recent years has provided new forums which allow engagement in local town discussions; particularly via community Facebook groups. This study seeks to understand the role of community Facebook groups in a regional town in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia; particularly how they are used to portray youth, and their relevance to a grassroots youth justice reinvestment process. This research arose due to direct concern from a community working group. Seventeen semi-structured interviews, with 18 participants, were conducted with service providers in Katherine, NT. The data was then inductively thematically analyzed, resulting in six themes: staying informed in a regional context; vilifying youth and combating this; racism; impact on youth; tensions in positioning youth: right versus left; and adopting a strengths-based approach to youth. Community Facebook groups were noted as an important factor for staying informed in a remote context. As a key medium within the town, Facebook groups should be considered a source of community discussion and an appropriate avenue to influence community opinion. The racialization of community discussions about “problem youth” indicates a segregation issue in the town, which has been noted for many years. Community education and the promotion of the youth justice work currently being implemented in the town were considered key in changing mindsets and ultimately behaviors. Importantly, research and community development programs alike should consider the community Facebook group as a medium for positive social action.
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Mogulescu, Sara, and Gaspar Caro. "Making Court the Last Resort: A New Focus for Supporting Families in Crisis." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.30.
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This article was originally published by the Vera Institute of Justice in December 2008. Until recently, youth who may be chronically disobedient but not committing crime were frequently referred to juvenile court and subject to the same punitive interventions as youth charged with criminal activity. To better help youth and their families, many status offender systems are implementing immediate, family-focused alternatives to court intervention, first referring at-risk young people and their families to social service programs in their communities and using the juvenile justice system as a last resort. The new paradigm is guided by the belief that given help and support, families have the potential to resolve issues without the courts. This paper highlights successful reforms based on this new paradigm in Connecticut, Florida, and New York.
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Hobson, Jonathan, Anamika Twyman-Ghoshal, Rebecca Banwell-Moore, and Daniel P. Ash. "Restorative Justice, Youth Violence, and Policing: A Review of the Evidence." Laws 11, no. 4 (August 15, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062.
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Restorative justice seeks to bring those that have created harm together with those that have been harmed, and often stands in contrast to retributive and punitive approaches to justice that centre the state in the responses to crime and harm. Restorative justice approaches are becoming increasingly integrated into parts of the criminal justice system, and this paper examines the evidence for such applications in the context of youth violence and policing. The evidence is built on work conducted for the Metropolitan Police Service, the UKs largest police force with over 30,000 officers serving 8 million people in and around London. It does this through a Rapid Evidence Assessment, which utilises the search and sifting principles of systematic reviews on a more limited basis, tailored to the needs of a specific audience, and conducted within a limited timescale. The results of the assessment are broken down into three areas: benefits, challenges, and deployment considerations. The studies identified through the assessment suggest that restorative justice and restorative practice can form an important part of an overall strategy to help reduce both incidents of youth violence as well as the longer-term impacts of that violence when it has taken place. We conclude that in the context of violence and young people, effective restorative justice police practice should embrace a whole-system approach that incorporates multi-agency working and consistently engages with young people at risk of becoming violent offenders or victims.
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Liebenberg, Linda, and Michael Ungar. "A comparison of service use among youth involved with juvenile justice and mental health." Children and Youth Services Review 39 (April 2014): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.02.007.
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McQuoid–Mason, David. "LEGAL AID IN NIGERIA: USING NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS PUBLIC DEFENDERS TO EXPAND THE SERVICES OF THE LEGAL AID COUNCIL." Journal of African Law 47, no. 1 (April 2003): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855303002001.
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At the National Consultative Forum on Transforming the Administration of Justice System in Nigeria, convened by the Federal Minister of Justice and the Federal Attorney-General in November 2001, it was decided to draft a National Action Plan on Justice Sector Reform in Nigeria and to produce a Justice Vision document. The Ministry of Justice and the Attorney-General's office identified the need to examine ways of (a) upholding the Constitution and the rule of law; (b) promoting justice, fairness and human dignity; and (c) incorporating and expanding community participation in the administration of justice. The Legal Aid Council of Nigeria could contribute to this process by establishing a public defender network using law graduates in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). It may be possible to use the NYSC scheme to expand dramatically the current level of legal aid in Nigeria by employing the services of NYSC law graduates more extensively as public defenders. In order to consider the feasibility of such a programme the following factors will be considered: (i) the availability of lawyers and law graduates; (ii) the duties imposed by the Nigerian Constitution; (iii) the function of the Legal Aid Council; (iv) the operation of the Legal Aid Council; (v) the provision of legal aid services by the Legal Aid Council; and (vi) the cost of establishing a structured NYSC public defender programme.
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O'Brien, Wendy. "Youth Justice: Challenges in Responding to Young People Convicted of Sexual Offences." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no1art97.
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The clinical and criminological literature on adolescents who have committed sexual offences indicates that the pathologisation of young people and a labelling or overly punitive response is likely to be more harmful than rehabilitative. Accordingly, therapeutic counselling and diversionary schemes are seen as preferable to custodial terms in most instances. For adolescents convicted of sex offences, clinicians identify the benefits of comprehensive therapeutic care which involves family and is sensitive to the young person’s context and culture. The benefits of this approach are documented and, although data are limited, indications are that recidivism is reduced where adolescents are provided with specialised counselling to encourage positive and non-abusive behaviours. In Australia, each state and territory has provisions for youth justice clients serving custodial or community orders for sexually abusive behaviours. Yet each jurisdiction experiences challenges in ensuring the delivery of equitable and comprehensive therapeutic services, particularly to regionally and remotely located youth. This paper draws on data from a national study of the therapeutic services to children and adolescents with sexualised or sexual offending behaviours. With attention to the difficulties in providing services to regionally and remotely located adolescents, this paper highlights challenges around lengthy remand terms, the provision of pre-offence diversionary programs, and the provision of specialised supervision for young people serving community orders. For example, jurisdictions with the largest geographic service areas face enormous difficulties in providing specialised supervision for community-based orders. At present, there are several jurisdictions where regionally and remotely located adolescents may serve the duration of a youth justice order without receiving specialised counselling to assist them in modifying their behaviours. The paper identifies the risks where specialised counselling cannot be provided, but also identifies specific initiatives designed to fill these gaps in service provision to youth justice clients.