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Jia, Zhao, Borhannudin Bin Abdullah, Roxana Dev Omar Dev, and Shamsulariffin Bin Samsudin. "Influence of Football basic technical training on youth soccer players in Shanxi province, China." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i2.5658.
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The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of fifteen-week basic soccer training and education by coaching youth soccer players who are under eight (U8) and under ten (U10) years old. This study has included 24 children (U8 and U10) who have participated in the physical fitness sessions of football at school. Twelve participants in the experimental group (EG) undertook intervention training in games. Twelve young players served as a control group (CG) undertook traditional training methods used in Dali Football Club. Experimental groups indicated greater improvements than control groups (P<0.05) at four tests of basic technical education of football. The results indicated that soccer education and training four times a week can improve the basic skills of football of U8 and U10 children. Study concluded that the training in games methods considered in this study might be suitable to design an effective coaching methods and training sessions aimed at the development of the fundamental skills in youth soccer players.
Keywords: Soccer training; coaching, Games; effective coaching methods, Sports Education, Physical Education
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Pfirrmann, Daniel, Mark Herbst, Patrick Ingelfinger, Perikles Simon, and Suzan Tug. "Analysis of Injury Incidences in Male Professional Adult and Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.6.03.
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Context: The incidence of injury for elite youth and professional adult soccer players is an important concern, but the risk factors for these groups are different. Objective: To summarize and compare the injury incidences and injury characteristics of male professional adult and elite youth soccer players. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science using the search terms elite, international, European, soccer, football, injury, injuries, epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, not female, not American football, and not rugby. We also used the search terms professional for studies on professional adult soccer players and high-level, soccer academy, youth, adolescent, and young for studies on elite youth soccer players. Study Selection: Eligible studies were published in English, had a prospective cohort design, and had a minimum study period of 6 months. To ensure that injury data were assessed in relationship to the athlete's individual exposure, we included only studies that reported on injuries and documented exposure volume. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and assessed the quality of the studies. Data Synthesis: A total of 676 studies were retrieved from the literature search. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 for elite youth and 12 for professional adult soccer players. Conclusions: Injury rates were higher for matches than for training for both youth and adult players. Youth players had a higher incidence of training injuries than professionals. Efforts must be made to reduce the overall injury rate in matches. Therefore, preventive interventions, such as adequately enforcing rules and focusing on fair play, must be analyzed and developed to reduce match-related injury incidences. Reducing training injuries should be a particular focus for youth soccer players.
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Zendler, Jessica M., Ron Jadischke, Jared Frantz, Steve Hall, and Grant C. Goulet. "Emergency Department Visits From 2014 to 2018 for Head Injuries in Youth Non-Tackle Football Compared With Other Sports." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 232596712097540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120975402.
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Background: Non-tackle football (ie, flag, touch, 7v7) is purported to be a lower-risk alternative to tackle football, particularly in terms of head injuries. However, data on head injuries in non-tackle football are sparse, particularly among youth participants. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of emergency department visits for head injuries due to non-tackle football among youth players in the United States and compare the data with basketball, soccer, and tackle football. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury data from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Injury reports coded for patients aged 6 to 18 years and associated with basketball, football, or soccer were extracted. Data were filtered to include only injuries to the head region, specifically, the head, ear, eyeball, mouth, or face. Football injuries were manually assigned to “non-tackle” or “tackle” based on the injury narratives. Sports & Fitness Industry Association data were used to estimate annual sport participation and calculate annual injury rates per 100,000 participant-years. Results: A total of 26,770 incident reports from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. For head region injuries in non-tackle football, the head was the most commonly injured body part, followed by the face; the most common diagnosis was a laceration, followed by concussion and internal injury (defined as an unspecified head injury or internal head injury [eg, subdural hematoma or cerebral contusion]). The most common contacting object was another player. The projected national rate of head region injuries was lowest for non-tackle football across the 4 sports. In particular, the projected rate of injuries to the head for non-tackle football (78.0 per 100,000 participant-years) was less than one-fourth the rates for basketball (323.5 per 100,000 participant-years) and soccer (318.2 per 100,000 participant-years) and less than one-tenth the rate for tackle football (1478.6 per 100,000 participant-years). Conclusion: Among youth in the United States aged 6 to 18 years who were treated in the emergency department for injuries related to playing non-tackle football, the most common diagnosis for injuries to the head region was a laceration, followed by a concussion. Head region injuries associated with non-tackle football occurred at a notably lower rate than basketball, soccer, or tackle football.
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Ahmad Al Masri, Safa’a, and Siti Musliha Mat Rasid. "Performance Related Parameters Determining the Selection of Youth Players in Soccer." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2020.5.1.244.
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In the current study, a total of 86 soccer’s players with mean age of 14 years drawn from Terengganu soccer academy were tested in performing 10 parameters aiming at determining the performance of those players based on assessing the contribution of each activity and its corresponding significant level. The 10 performance related parameters involved anthropometry (BMI), fitness test (agility, coordination, muscular endurance (push and sit up), power, YoYo level), and football skill test (dribbling with ball, dribbling without ball and juggling). All the parameters testing is carried out based on international standard and performed by well-trained staff. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to achieve the objective in this study. Result shows a positive correlation between the two types of muscular parameters; the power is influenced by BMI and coordination; the specific football tests are highly impacted by the power and agility. The coefficient of determination and the significance level -values show that the parameters that can be significantly considered are the anthropometric BMI (0.020), agility (0.025), muscular endurance (0.039 and 0.043), power (0.039), special football test without the ball (0.041), and juggling (0.046). The coordination, YoYo, football special test with the ball were not found to be significantly accounted for preparing the young players to achieve the required performance. Based on the results of the coefficient of determination and the significance -values of the parameters, a model was proposed to determine the highest and lowest parameters that play important roles in the selection of young players.
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Redhead, Steve. "SOCCER CASUALS: A SLIGHT RETURN OF YOUTH CULTURE." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs31201210474.
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This essay reports from a long-term research project<a href="http://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ijcyfs/author/submit/3?articleId=10474#_edn1">1</a> which interviewed participants in a post-war U.K. youth culture called “casuals” about all aspects of its history, especially the styles of music and fashion and its connection to British soccer spectatorship from the late 1970s to the present day. Original interview and ethnographic material from the project is presented and discussed, and situated within a context of the sociology of youth culture in general and soccer fandom in particular. The essay suggests some theoretical and methodological signposts for the future study of youth culture whilst outlining some specific aspects of the research conducted. This new work on youth culture also rethinks earlier work on rave culture and football hooligan subcultures in the light of appreciation and critique of such work in various recent youth subcultural theory debates. The research reported on here mapped the history of the “moments” of the birth of casual in the late 1970s and the coming together of the football hooligan and rave subcultures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as well as the later remixing, recycling and “mash up” of these moments in a present in which “pop culture” is said by some to be “addicted to its own past” (Reynolds, 2011).
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Lee, Inje, Hee Seong Jeong, and Sae Yong Lee. "Injury Profiles in Korean Youth Soccer." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145125.
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We aimed to analyze injury profiles and injury severity in Korean youth soccer players. Data on all injuries that occurred in U-15 youth soccer players during the 2019 season were collected from 681 players of 22 teams through a medical questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on injury surveillance procedures of the Federation International de Football Association Medical and Research Centre and International Olympic Committee, and it comprised questions on demographic characteristics, training conditions, and injury information. Among all players, defenders accounted for 33.0%, followed by attackers (30.7%), midfielders (26.8%), and goalkeepers (7.9%). Most players played soccer on artificial grounds (97.4%). Injuries occurred more frequently during training (56.3%) than during matches (43.7%). Recurrent injury rate was 4.4% and average days to return to full activities were 22.58. The ankle (26.6%) and knee joints (14.1%) were the most common injury locations, and ligament sprains (21.0%), contusions (15.6%), and fractures (13.9%) were the most frequent injury types. In conclusion, Korean youth soccer players have a high injury risk. Therefore, researchers and coaching staff need to consider these results as a key to prevent injuries in youth soccer players and injury prevention programs may help decrease injury rate by providing injury management.
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Mujika, Iñigo, Juanma Santisteban, Paco Angulo, and Sabino Padilla. "Individualized Aerobic-Power Training in an Underperforming Youth Elite Association Football Player." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 3 (September 2007): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.3.332.
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A 7-week, 10-session individual training program was implemented with a youth elite football (soccer) player who had been underperforming because of poor aerobic fitness. The intervention focused on developing aerobic power and high lactate production and contributed to a 32.3% improvement in a football-specific performance test. The player was able to return to play and exceed expected performance levels during competitive match play.
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Nasrulloh, Ahmad, Sumaryanto Sumaryanto, Yudik Prasetyo, Sulistiyono Sulistiyono, and Rina Yuniana. "Comparison of Physical Condition Profiles of Elite and Non-Elite Youth Football Players." MEDIKORA 20, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v20i1.39547.
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Performance of a football player in a competitive match is influenced by good physical condition in training, competing, or in everyday life. Comprehensive ability is the hope of all football coaches. The study was conducted to determine how the comparison of the physical condition profile of youth football players in the elite and non-elite categories at the provincial level football federation, especially in SSB in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this study were students or soccer athletes in elite and non-elite youth football players. The population that the researchers determined was elite and non-elite youth football players at football schools or football clubs in the DIY Province. The sampling technique was carried out by means of purposive random sampling. The instrument in this study used the MFT / Yoyo Intermitent Test, Vertical Jump Test, 30 meter Sprint Test, Illinois Test, and Sit And Reach.Based on the results of the study, it shows that the body mass index component with an average of 19.53 elite players and 19.78 non-elite players. Flexibility, elite players 34.40 and non elite players 31.14. The leg power of elite players is 45.52 and for non-elite players is 45.28. The speed component is 4.48 for elite and non-elite players, 4.95. For coordination, the elite players are 53.04 and the non-elite players are 51.20. The agility of the elite players is 18.68 and the non-elite players are 18.99. Meanwhile, the aerobic endurance for elite players was 39.85 and non-elite players were 37.97. So it can be concluded that the physical condition of soccer players which includes body mass index, flexibility, leg power, speed, coordination, agility and endurance, elite players show better results compared to non-elite players.
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Schreiber, Sebastian, Oliver Faude, Barbara Gärtner, Tim Meyer, and Florian Egger. "Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from on-field player contacts in amateur, youth and professional football (soccer)." British Journal of Sports Medicine 56, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104441.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of transmission among potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2-positive football players while participating in training or matches at amateur, youth and professional levels.MethodsBetween August 2020 and March 2021, football players who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and participated in matches or training during the period of potential contagiousness were identified through media search (professional level) and a nationwide registry in Germany (amateur and youth level) to determine symptoms, source of infection and hygiene measures adopted. The definition of potentially infectious players was based on the time of a positive PCR testing and symptom onset. Transmission-relevant contacts on the pitch were evaluated through doubly reviewed video analysis.ResultsOut of 1247 identified football matches and training sessions (1071 amateur and youth level, 176 professional level), 104 cases (38 training sessions, 66 matches) with 165 potentially infectious players were detected. Follow-up PCR testing at the professional level (44 cases) revealed no transmission. At the amateur and youth level, the combination of partial PCR testing (31 of 60 cases) and symptom monitoring within 14 days post-exposure (46 of 60 cases) identified 2 of 60 matches in which follow-up infections occurred that were attributed to non-football activities. This is consistent with the video analysis of 21 matches demonstrating frontal contacts were <1 per player-hour (88%, 30 of 34 players), each lasting no longer than 3 s.ConclusionOn-field transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in football is very low. Sources of infections in football players are most likely not related to activities on the pitch.
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Komarudin, Komarudin, Suharjana Suharjana, Yudanto Yudanto, and Moh Nanang Himawan Kusuma. "The different influence of speed, agility and aerobic capacity toward soccer skills of youth player." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 26, no. 6 (October 28, 2022): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0604.
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Background and Study Aim. The significant influence of speed, agility and aerobic fitness on youth soccer performance is described by current football literature. The sensitive phases of age development of students have been stated to have a different influence compared to professional players. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of speed, agility and aerobic fitness on soccer skills to the Student Activity Units (UKM) of Football.
Material and Methods. The method used in the correlation research study is a descriptive-quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population study was all 35 members of UKM football players and the sample was selected through purposive methods sampling. Furthermore, the instruments to be applied are (1) speed with 30 meters sprint test; (2) agility through a 5-meters shuttle run; (3) aerobic endurance by using the 20m Beep-test protocol; (4) soccer skill using David Lee’s test. The SPSS 28 program was used for the statistical operations in the analytical data technique, followed by prerequisite analysis tests, namely the normality test and homogeneity test, as well as a hypothesis test to confirm the hypothesis.
Results. The result shows that there is a correlation in positive values between both the independent and dependent variables. Statistical analysis confirms that there is a correlation and positive impact of speed, agility and aerobic capacity of football skills. Significant differences in correlations were found in the speed, agility and aerobic capacity of the participants (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Physical activity based on the anaerobic system has a positive effect on individual skills. In contrast, aerobic capacity plays a role more in the complex skills of football games in real situations.
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Schwebel, D. C., M. M. Banaszek, and M. McDaniel. "Brief Report: Behavioral Risk Factors for Youth Soccer (Football) Injury." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 32, no. 4 (October 3, 2006): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsl034.
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Fenton, Sally A. M., Joan L. Duda, and Timothy Barrett. "The Contribution of Youth Sport Football to Weekend Physical Activity for Males Aged 9 to 16 Years: Variability Related to Age and Playing Position." Pediatric Exercise Science 27, no. 2 (May 2015): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2014-0053.
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The aims of this study were (1) to determine minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and vigorous PA accrued in youth sport football (also internationally referred to as soccer), and the contribution toward daily weekend moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA for males aged 9-16 years, and (2) to investigate variability in these outcomes related to age and playing position. One hundred and nine male grassroots footballers (Mean age = 11.98 ± 1.75 years) wore a GT3x accelerometer for 7 days. Weekend youth sport football participation and playing position were recorded. Youth sport football moderate-to-vigorous PA (M = 51.51 ± 17.99) and vigorous PA (M = 27.78 ± 14.55) contributed 60.27% and 70.68% toward daily weekend moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA, respectively. Overall, 36.70% of participants accumulated ≥60 min moderate-to-vigorous PA and 69.70% accrued < 20 min of vigorous PA during youth sport. For participants aged 13 to16 years, youth sport football moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA were significantly higher, and contributed a greater amount toward daily weekend moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA than for participants aged 9-12 years (p = >.01). Youth sport football is an important source of moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA at the weekend for male youth, and particularly for adolescents. Participation may offer opportunity for weekend engagement in vigorous PA toward health enhancing levels.
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Schwebel, David C., D. Leann Long, and Leslie A. McClure. "Injuries on the Youth Soccer (Football) Field: Do Additional Referees Reduce Risk? Randomized Crossover Trial." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa050.
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Abstract Objective Youth soccer injury can be prevented through various means, but few studies consider the role of referees. Following previous research suggesting children take fewer risks when supervised intensely, this randomized crossover trial evaluated whether risky play and injuries decrease under supervision from three referees instead of one referee. Methods Youth soccer clubs serving a metropolitan U.S. area participated. Boys’ and girls’ clubs at under age 10 (U10) and under age 11 (U11) levels were randomly assigned such that when the same clubs played each other twice in the same season, they played once with one referee and once with three referees. A total of 98 games were videotaped and subsequently coded to obtain four outcomes: collisions between players, aggressive fouls (involving physical player-to-player contact) called by the referee(s) on the field, aggressive fouls judged by trained coders, and injuries requiring adult attention or play stoppage. Results Poisson mixed model results suggest players in the 98 games committed fewer aggressive fouls, as identified independently by referees (rate ratio [RR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.96) and by researchers (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.90), when there were three referees versus one referee. Collisions (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.86–1.12) and injury rates (RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.60–2.19) were similar across conditions. Conclusion When the same youth soccer clubs played with three referees rather than one, they committed fewer aggressive fouls. More intense supervision created better rule adherence. Injury rates were unchanged with increased supervision. Results raise questions concerning whether financial investment in additional referees on youth soccer fields yields safety benefits.
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Fuhre, Jan, Arild Øygard, and Stig Arve Sæther. "Coaches’ Criteria for Talent Identification of Youth Male Soccer Players." Sports 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10020014.
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Introduction: The main aim of this study was to examine which criteria coaches considered in the talent identification of youth male soccer players aged 13–16. The second aim was to describe how the coaches considered these criteria when identifying players for their club or regional teams and how these criteria take the impact of the relative age effect into consideration. Methods: We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with six male coaches from a professional club academy or a regional team within the Norwegian Football Federation. Results: In line with earlier research, the results showed that the coaches considered the technical, tactical, and mental factors as the most important in talent identification. Further in line with earlier research, they considered that the physiological and sociological factors were of secondary importance, while anthropometric measures were considered the least important. Regarding the relative age effect, the coaches were aware of the effect and its consequences, while few of them had ways to reduce the effect and its impact on their talent identification process. Even so, the coaches highlighted the importance of considering a holistic approach to talent identification. Conclusion: The results show similarities with earlier research, but there is still a need for more longitudinal studies that investigate criteria for talent identification in youth football.
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Williams, Craig A., Jon L. Oliver, and James Faulkner. "Seasonal Monitoring of Sprint and Jump Performance in a Soccer Youth Academy." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6, no. 2 (June 2011): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.264.
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Purpose:The aim of the study was to longitudinally assess speed and jump performance characteristics of youth football players over a 3 y period.Methods:Two hundred players across five age squads (U12–U16) from an English Football League academy participated. Sprint performance (10 and 30 m) and countermove-ment jump height were assessed at 6 mo intervals. Pairwise analyses determined the level of change in performance between consecutive intervals.Results:Sprint performance changes tended to be greatest during the early teenage years, with observed changes exceeding the smallest worthwhile effect (1.0% for 10 and 30 m sprints). Changes in jump performance were above the smallest worthwhile effect of 1.8% for all but one interval. Large individual variability in the magnitude of change in sprint and jump performance, perhaps due to the confounding effect of growth and maturation, revealed few significant differences across the 6 mo intervals. Cumulative changes in performance demonstrated strong linear relationships, with a yearly rate of change of 6.9% for jump height, and 3.1 and 2.7% for 10 m and 30 m sprint time respectively. The magnitude of change in performance tended not to differ from one interval to another.Conclusions:The results of this study may primarily be used to monitor and predict the rate of progression of youth football players. In addition, these results may be used as a benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of a current training program.
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Pérez-González, Benito, Jairo León-Quismondo, José Bonal, Pablo Burillo, and Álvaro Fernández-Luna. "The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships." Children 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8121117.
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In 2019, numerous championships of youth categories soccer national teams were held. In the present study, we analyzed the existence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) in four major male championships that, due to their importance and participating teams, most likely brought together the great bulk of the players who will dominate professional soccer in the next decade. Participants were professional and amateur youth male soccer players who participated in the last international championships: UEFA European Under-21 Championship (2017–2019); UEFA European Under-19 Championship (2019); South American Youth Football Championship (also known as Conmebol U-20) (2019); and FIFA U-20 World Cup (2019), with 823 players (20.25 ± 0.84 years). In the four championships analyzed, the existence of RAE was found for all players (p < 0.001). Analyzing the players when considering their position on the pitch and their championship, RAE was found, statistically significant, in 10 of the 16 classifications. New generations of elite soccer players arrive with a clear bias in the selection of talent; an unfair bias, based on unequal opportunities in early categories, which should be reviewed by sports authorities.
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Adams, David, Brendan Cropley, and Richard Mullen. "Developing Specialised Youth Soccer Coaching Qualifications: An Exploratory Study of Course Content and Delivery Mechanisms." International Sport Coaching Journal 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0148.
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The purpose of the current study was to empirically examine the potential course content, structure, and delivery mechanisms for a dedicated elite youth coach education programme in football (soccer) in the UK. By achieving this aim it was the intention of the authors to use the findings of this study for the future development of a customised coach education programme. Fifteen elite coaches, working in youth football at the time of the study, participated in one of three focus groups. Emerging from content analysis procedures, the findings placed specific importance on the development of an athlete-centred coaching philosophy, a focus on behaviours and activities associated with positive youth development, a movement away from traditional practices, and the development of the skills required to learn through reflective practice. In addition, a range of pedagogical approaches, including social approaches to learning, mentoring, and blended learning, were highlighted as ways to better deliver education programmes.
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Solana-Sánchez, Antonio, Sergio Lara-Bercial, and David Solana-Sánchez. "Athlete and Coach Development in the Sevilla Club de Fútbol Youth Academy: A Values-Based Proposition." International Sport Coaching Journal 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2015-0085.
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Professional youth football (soccer) academies face a number of challenges related to the contrasting and at times competing nature of their goals. Marrying long-term development of players with success in youth competitions and combining the development of young people as athletes with their growth as human beings are some examples. Professional football clubs and those tasked with leading their academies have to make key decisions as to how these challenges will be addressed. In this paper we argue that those decisions must be made based on a clearly shared philosophy and accompanying set of values. We present some of the key principles governing the work of the Sevilla Club de Fútbol Youth Academy and the rationale behind them. These principles span from developmental, methodological and pedagogical choices to the building of an internal long-term approach to coach development.
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Al-Shebany, Mabrouka Amhamed, Jazya Moftah Amshaher, and Hana Mohammed. "Soccer Team Performance Forecasting using artificial neural network." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i1.1306.
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Recently a large effort was spent on forecasting the outcome of sporting events. Due to forecasting perspective, the presence of competition introduces particular modeling challenges, which in turn limit the applicability of standard techniques. The objective of this study is to create a soccer team performance-forecasting model based on Artificial Neural networks that is capable of forecasting soccer players’ performance depending on teams’ history and behavior in previous matches as an input. The proposed model was trained and tested using a dataset including the features of Egypt Telecommunications club 15 years soccer team participating in the Egyptian Football Association Youth Dorian. Simulation results indicated that the proposed model could be classified as a stable predication model especially for soccer team’s status and performance, achieving high accuracy rate up to 95%.
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Platvoet, Sebastiaan WJ, Katrijn Opstoel, Johan Pion, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser, and Chris Visscher. "Performance characteristics of selected/deselected under 11 players from a professional youth football academy." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 5-6 (May 11, 2020): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120923980.
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This study aimed to determine whether players selected for the under 11 team of a professional youth football academy outperform their deselected peers in physical, technical and gross motor coordination skills, or in psycho-social capacities. Of the young players active at different amateur clubs yearly 2% were scouted to participate at trainings and matches from an academy before the first objective baseline testing (season 1 n = 54 boys, season 2 n = 49, age: 9.25 ± 0.46). Most of the scouted players ( n = 103) were born in the first quarter of the year (47.6%) and started playing football at a young age (4.80 ± 0.84). Mann–Whitney U tests showed that the selected under 11 players ( n = 31) from the reduced pool outperformed their deselected peers ( n = 72) in the 30-m slalom sprint, dribble test and Loughborough soccer passing test, and on sport learning-, motor-, creative- and interpersonal capacity ( P < 0.05). A discriminant analysis resulted in a significant discriminant function (Wilks’ Λ = 0.673, df = 16 and P = 0.002) with 69.6% of players classified correctly. In sum, the current system, tends to scout 9-year old soccer players with multiple years of soccer experience, and well-developed motor skills, who are predominantly born in the first quarter of the year. Of those players, the ones with better physical and technical skills, who are believed to have most potential to become elite in the future are selected. However, 25 of the players with a high probability of being selected were deselected. Whether this system is appropriate serves a broader ethical discussion within contemporary society.
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Simon, Claude, Fraser Carson, Irene Renate Faber, and Thorben Hülsdünker. "Low prevalence of relative age effects in Luxembourg’s male and female youth football." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 23, 2022): e0273019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273019.
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The relative age effect (RAE) is a well-established phenomenon in football. However, while the majority of previous studies focussed on established football nations, it remains unclear if the constraint of a limited population of soccer players in smaller countries associated with less strict selection procedures may reduce the risk of RAE. This study aims to investigate the RAE in Luxembourg that follows an ‘open-door’ selection policy in youth football due to the limited pool of players. Birthdates from all licensed and actively playing Luxembourgish youth footballers including all players of the youth national teams (396 girls and 10981 boys) competing in the season 2018/2019 were analysed and categorised into birth quarters and semesters. To further investigate a performance dependence of the RAE in amateur leagues, success was determined based on the teams’ rankings at the end of the season. Differences between observed and expected birthdate distributions were calculated across all licensed players and age groups, within the national teams, and for the top- and bottom-tier football teams using chi-square statistics. While a RAE was absent across all age groups (except U7), significant RAEs with high effect sizes were observed in the top-level and national teams. These findings contrast the substantial RAE effects in large football nations and suggest that open selection systems might reflect an environmental constraint that limit the prevalence of RAE in football. Further, this study indicates that a performance dependence of the RAE is not limited to high level football but already occurs on an amateur level.
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Baker, Marty K., Jeffrey A. Graham, Allison Smith, and Zachary T. Smith. "Sport-Specific Free Play Youth Football/Soccer Program Recommendations Around the World." International Sport Coaching Journal 6, no. 2 (May 2019): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0044.
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Nesterenko, N., and A. Porohnyavyi. "The influence of football means on the movement ability of 18 -19year students in physical education classes." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(149) (April 20, 2022): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.4(149).17.
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Physical training of student youth, along with improving the elements of football technique, the ability to properly perform technical and tactical actions and show a certain result, is one of the most important components of the educational process. Insufficient level of physical fitness of students, namely, speed and strength abilities, speed endurance, which does not allow to effectively realize their own potential in football lessons. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of physical exercises aimed at mastering the elements of game technique, as well as the development and improvement of motor skills that activate the various systems and functions of the student's body. All second- and third- year students had the same level of preparation at the time of the study and studied with one trainer. Accordingly, the number of training sessions and their conditions were the same for all subjects. During the study, a set of tools and methods was used to develop motor skills of students aged 18-19 exercises. Changes in indicators of physical and technical readiness of students were studied. For a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the use of the method, tests were selected to assess the level of development of motor skills. The following tests were used: running 10 meters from a low start, running 30 meters from a high start, jumping up from a place, shuttle running 7x50 m, long-range soccer ball shots, precision soccer ball shots. It is proved that the results of the test of the impact of a soccer ball on the accuracy of 61.1% increased the most significantly. The long-range test of the soccer ball improved by 15.5%. According to the jump-up test, the results were better by 11.6%. This is due to the fact that they used special preparatory exercises. The lowest growth rate of results was established by the results of the test "Running 30m - 8%. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method of football, which has a positive effect on the body of student youth aged 18-19 years.
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Yu, Lin, Joshua Newman, Hanhan Xue, and Haozhou Pu. "The transition game: Toward a cultural economy of football in post-socialist China." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 6 (November 21, 2017): 711–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217740114.
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Following decades of significant economic and political reform, a once-closed China has emerged as the world’s fastest growing and arguably most interconnected political economic system. In the context of what has been termed a “post-socialist” transition, China’s sport system has similarly undergone rapid marketization (bringing in market actors and action). In this article, we examine the changing state and function of football (soccer) within this period of post-socialist transition. We provide a critical analysis of recent (c. 2010–2017) private and state-based initiatives to develop the commercial viability, international interconnectivity, and cultural significance of football (soccer). Drawing upon theories of cultural economy as developed by the globalization theorist Arjun Appadurai, we provide an historical and conceptual investigation of the strategic efforts to nationally imagine football culture as, and within, transitioning China. To do this, we examine how state actors and private intermediaries have leveraged increases in high-profile player transfers, domestic franchise valuations, investment in foreign teams, development of player academies, overall youth and adult participation, and expanded media rights agreements to simultaneously economize Chinese football culture and culturalize the logics of commercial sport and free market capitalism more generally. In so doing, we map the various “scapes” through which people, capital, images, technologies, and ideologies have been set aflow and thereby frame new imaginings of mass privatization, mediation, and consumerism for a national football consuming public.
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Gilic, Barbara, Jelena Kosor, David Jimenez-Pavon, Josko Markic, Zeljka Karin, Daniela Supe Domic, and Damir Sekulic. "Associations of Vitamin D Levels with Physical Fitness and Motor Performance; A Cross-Sectional Study in Youth Soccer Players from Southern Croatia." Biology 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080751.
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Vitamin D level is known to be a factor potentially influencing physical fitness, but few studies have examined this phenomenon among youth athletes. We aimed to evaluate the associations of vitamin D levels (as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations—25(OH)D) with various physical fitness and motor performance tests in youth football (soccer) players. This cross-sectional study included a total of 52 youth soccer players (15.98 ± 2.26 years old) from Southern Croatia. The participants were evaluated at the end of the winter period and data were collected of anthropometric measures (body mass and body height), vitamin D status (25(OH)D levels), physical fitness tests (sprints of 10 and 20 m, 20 yards test, the countermovement jump, the reactive strength index (RSI)) and motor performance tests (the soccer-specific CODS, the soccer-specific agility, and static balance). Among the studied players, 54% had 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency, showing a lack of 25(OH)D is widespread even in youth athletes living at a southern latitude. The 25(OH)D level was correlated with sprint 20 m, 20 yards tests, and RSI, showing a greater role of 25(OH)D in physical fitness tests where energetic capacity is essential than in sport-related motor performance tests where skills are crucial. Our results support the idea that vitamin D can play a determinant role in physical fitness tests with a clear physiological component, but is not crucial in motor performance tests related to specific sports where skills are a key component. Future studies should investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the performance in physical fitness and motor performance tests among youth athletes.
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Murata, Yuki, Suguru Torii, Yukako Iida, Kensuke Noma, and Satoshi IIzuka. "The growth and development of lower extremities in junior youth soccer football players." Japan Journal of Human Growth and Development Research 2012, no. 57 (2012): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5332/hatsuhatsu.2012.10.
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Serpiello, F. R., A. Cox, L. Oppici, W. G. Hopkins, and M. C. Varley. "The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test has impractical criterion validity in elite youth football." Science and Medicine in Football 1, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1254810.
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TAGLIARI, CARLA CRISTINA, Ivete Balen, Birgit Keller, Carlos Alberto Afonso, and André L. F. Rodacki. "Comparison Of Penalty Kick Performance Between Youth Experienced And Beginners In Football Soccer." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000476487.40893.2c.
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Thongnum, Pattarapol, and Yanyong Yanyong Phanpheng. "Effectiveness of Complex Agility Training Program for Amateur Male Soccer Players." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 22, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.06.
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Background. The ability to quickly change direction has been considered an important physical quality related to success in youth soccer.
The study purpose was to investigate the training effect of a complex agility training program on amateur male soccer players.
Materials and methods. The participants were 60 amateur male football players (aged 18-22) divided into two groups and selected by using purposive random sampling. Thirty athletes aged 19.7±1.34, BMI 21.8±1.75 performed a complex training program (CTG) combined with sprint, agility or CoD, and plyometric session. While 30 participants of the control group (CG) aged 19.3 ± 1.31, BMI of 21.2 ± 1.02 followed a general football training program. In both groups, each training session lasted 120 minutes, a 30-minute period, 3 times a week, a total of 6 weeks. The Arrowhead Agility Test was scheduled at the baseline, for the 4th and 6th weeks. The mean and standard deviation of the data was calculated. The inferential statistic was repeated measure ANOVA. A Newman-Keuls post hoc test was calculated if the group x time interactions were significant (p < 0.05).
Results. After training, agility was a statistical difference within the CTG, when comparing baseline and the 6th week (p = 0.03), there were no significant changes in agility when comparing between-group. Therefore, this shows that complex training programs can improve agility in amateur male soccer players.
Conclusions. This integrated training program can be applied to amateur male soccer players. The training program should be specific and varied. It can help soccer players improve their agility that is related to overall soccer performance.
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Trajković, Nebojša, Marko Gušić, Slavko Molnar, Draženka Mačak, Dejan M. Madić, and Špela Bogataj. "Short-Term FIFA 11+ Improves Agility and Jump Performance in Young Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062017.
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Studies dealing with the effectiveness of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ prevention program to improve performance outcomes in children aged < 14 years are limited. This study aimed to point out the effects of the application of short-term FIFA 11+ warm-up program on physical performance in young football players. Participants were 36 youth male football players, divided into a FIFA 11+ (n = 19; mean (SD) age: 11.15 (0.79) y) and a control group (CG: n = 17; age: 10.87 (0.8) y) and trained for 4 weeks. Before and after the training period, standing long jump performance, agility, repeated sprint ability, sit and reach, and “30–15” intermittent fitness tests were assessed. A mixed ANOVA showed significant differences between the groups in the standing long jump test (FIFA 11+: 5.6% vs. CG: −1.9%) in favor of FIFA 11+ over CG. Additionally, the FIFA 11+ performance of the Illinois agility test was significantly better compared to the CG performance (FIFA 11+: −1.9% vs. CG: 0.03%). The main findings of this study suggest that just 4 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ improves physical performance compared with traditional warm-up routines in young soccer players.
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Harwood, Chris. "Developmental Consulting in a Professional Football Academy: The 5Cs Coaching Efficacy Program." Sport Psychologist 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.1.109.
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The purpose of this article is to present practitioners and applied researchers with specific details of a developmental sport psychology program and coaching intervention at a professional football (soccer) academy in Great Britain. Based on a positive youth development agenda, initial consulting work with players and parents focused on education and monitoring of the 5Cs of football: Commitment, communication, concentration, control, and confidence. This was subsequently followed up with an educational and behavioral coaching intervention related to integrating the 5Cs in training and practice situations. The 4-month program aimed to specifically enhance a coach’s efficacy in shaping positive psychological and interpersonal skills in young players ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. Six coaches responsible for the development of 95 young players were involved in the program. The results of the intervention are presented for each individual coach and supplemented by interview data. Insights are provided into the role, value, and methodology behind applying sport psychology in youth-sport settings.
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Denham, Bryan E. "Alcohol and Marijuana Use among American High School Seniors: Empirical Associations with Competitive Sports Participation." Sociology of Sport Journal 28, no. 3 (September 2011): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.28.3.362.
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Drawing on data gathered from high-school seniors in the 2008 Monitoring the Future Study of American Youth (N = 2,063), this research examined the explanatory effects of competitive sports participation on alcohol consumption and marijuana use using race and noncompetitive exercise frequency as controls. Among males, competitive sports included baseball, basketball, football, soccer, track and field, and weightlifting, and among females, sports included softball, basketball, soccer, swimming and diving, track and field, and volleyball. White males reported greater alcohol consumption than Black and Hispanic respondents, with competitors in baseball, football and weightlifting consuming alcohol more frequently. The use of marijuana did not depend on race, but baseball players and weightlifters reported significantly more use. Among females, race differences did not emerge in ordinal regression models testing effects on alcohol consumption, but participants in every sport reported drinking alcohol more frequently. White female athletes also appeared to smoke marijuana more frequently. Overall, results suggested comparably strong effects for female sport environments while male behaviors varied by race, noncompetitive exercise frequency, and sports competition. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are offered.
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Krolo, Ante, Barbara Gilic, Nikola Foretic, Haris Pojskic, Raouf Hammami, Miodrag Spasic, Ognjen Uljevic, Sime Versic, and Damir Sekulic. "Agility Testing in Youth Football (Soccer)Players; Evaluating Reliability, Validity, and Correlates of Newly Developed Testing Protocols." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010294.
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Reactive agility (RAG) and change of direction speed (CODS) are important determinants of success in football (soccer), but there is an evident lack of information on reliable and valid football-specific testing procedures which will be applicable in defining sport-specific RAG and CODS in youth players. This study evaluated reliability and construct validity of newly developed tests of football-specific RAG (FS_RAG) and CODS (FS_CODS), which involved the ball kicking football technique. Additionally, factors associated with FS_RAG and FS_CODS were evaluated. The participants were youth football players (n = 59; age: 13.40 ± 1.25 years) divided according to their age into U13 (11–12 years of age; n = 29), and U15 (13–14 years of age; n = 30) categories. Additionally, performance levels (starters [first-team] vs. non-starters [substitutes]) were observed in each age category. The dependent variables were newly developed FS_RAG and FS_CODS tests. The independent variables were sprinting capacities over 10 and 20 meters (S10M, S20M), countermovement jump (CMJ), the reactive strength index (RSI), and a generic CODS test of 20 yards (20Y). The newly developed FS_CODS and FS_RAG were observed as dependent variables. Results showed appropriate intra-testing and inter-testing reliability of the FS_RAG and FS_CODS, with somewhat better reliability of the FS_CODS (ICC=0.82 and 0.79, respectively). Additionally, better reliability was evidenced in U15 than in U13 (ICC: 0.82–0.85, and 0.78-0.80 for U15 and U13, respectively). Independent samples t-test indicated significant differences between U13 and U15 in S10 (t-test: 3.57, p < 0.001), S20M (t-test: 3.13, p < 0.001), 20Y (t-test: 4.89, p < 0.001), FS_RAG (t-test: 3.96, p < 0.001), and FS_CODS (t-test: 6.42, p < 0.001), with better performance in U15. Starters outperformed non-starters in most capacities among U13, but only in FS_RAG among U15 (t-test: 1.56, p < 0.05). Multiple regression calculations indicated nonsignificant association between independent and dependent variables in U13 (FS_CODS: 19%, FS_RAG: 21% of the explained variance, both p > 0.05), but independent variables explained significant proportion of both dependent variables in U15 (FS_CODS: 35%, FS_RAG: 33% explained variance, both p < 0.05). The study confirmed the applicability of newly developed tests in distinguishing studied age categories of players. Results indicate that superiority in all studied fitness capacities is translated into performance level in U13. Meanwhile, FS_RAG seems to be important determinant of quality in U15.
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Keller, Brad S., Annette J. Raynor, Fiona Iredale, and Lyndell Bruce. "Tactical skill in Australian youth soccer: Does it discriminate age-match skill levels?" International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (February 26, 2018): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778.
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Objectives Football Federation Australia (FFA) has identified that Australian athletes are proficient physically, however often lack the technical and tactical skills to excel internationally. The aim of the current study was to assess if a video-based decision-making test could discriminate different age-matched skill levels of talent in Australian soccer. Design Cross-sectional observational. Methods Sixty-two youth male soccer players completed a video-based decision-making test. Results An ANOVA test showed that the video-based test significantly discriminated between all three groups, with the national elite athletes selecting more correct responses than the state elite (65.3 ± 8.1%; 56.0 ± 9.1%, respectively). The state elite were more accurate than the sub-elite (45.9 ± 8.8%). Conclusions Results suggest that a video-based test may be a suitable tool to use in the selection of athletes as a measure of decision-making skill. The low accuracy scores, even for the national elite cohort, suggest that decision-making skill at the youth level has room for improvement and should be prioritised as an area for development.
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Longo, Umile Giuseppe, Rocco Papalia, Sergio De Salvatore, Alessandra Greco, Martina Marino, Marco Bravi, Fabio Santacaterina, and Vincenzo Denaro. "Lower limb risk prevention in athletes: evaluation and strategies." International Journal of Bone Fragility 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.57582/ijbf.220201.033.
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Risk prevention of sports-related lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in adult and youth athletes is an important topic encompassing health and economic factors. For example, muscle injuries in professional football players could expose these athletes to recurrence, creating a significant economic problem for the football club. Such observations have led to the development of prevention programs, predominantly exercise-based injury prevention strategies, which may be multi-component or single-component. These programs focus on intrinsic risk factors, such as strength deficits, lack of flexibility, poor balance, coordination, endurance, previous injury, body size, anatomical alignment issues, foot shape, age, and sex. The FIFA 11+ program is an important example of an exercise-based program. It was developed under the leadership of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association with the aim of evaluating and, where necessary, implementing preventive training routines for soccer players. Despite the program being designed for soccer players, it has shown efficacy in other sports too. Many studies also emphasize the importance of identifying and avoiding extrinsic risk factors related to type and level of activity, shoe type, bracing equipment, etc. Understanding of the incidence, the severity, and the etiology of a specific injury is required in order to provide adequate prevention measures and to reduce the need for surgery. The present study focuses explicitly on identifying and evaluating possible interventions for lower limb injuries.
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CARDOSO, FABRÍCIO LUZ, ENRICO DE LOSSO SENEME, MARCOS VINÍCIUS MURIANO DA SILVA, MARCOS HENRIQUE FERREIRA LARAYA, JOSÉ ANTONIO GALBIATTI, and RICARDO HIDEKI YANASSE. "FROM GARRINCHA’S LEGS TO NEYMAR’S LEGS: THE GENU VARUM AND VALGUM IN SOCCER. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND UPDATE." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 29, no. 5 (October 2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220212905242471.
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ABSTRACT The presence of abnormalities in knee alignment (genu varum and genu valgum) is extremely common in soccer. It can occur in the junior league / youth academy and perpetuate itself throughout the professional career. The consequences of years of high-level sports practice in players with genu varum / genu valgum can be harmful to the knees. By observing football matches of the present and the past, the authors of the article noted that great Brazilian soccer players were, or are, affected by the malalignment of the knees: Garrincha (the most famous), Leandro, Dunga, Romário, Rivaldo and Neymar. This study aims to discuss the relationship between high-performance sport and the development of these orthopedic deformities, serving as a tool for updating the trauma-orthopedic knee subspecialty. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.
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Kalinowski, Paweł, Jakub Myszkowski, and Jakub Marynowicz. "Effect of Online Training during the COVID-19 Quarantine on the Aerobic Capacity of Youth Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126195.
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Motor abilities, such as endurance and the optimal level of physical activity, play a fundamental role in football as they are necessary to maintain the high effectiveness of the training process. The aim of this study was the observation of the trend of changes in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance of young football players in a one-year cycle overlapping with the COVID-19 lockdown and an assessment of the impact of the training intervention during home confinement. The participants of the study were 24 young football players. We analysed the results of the study in a one-year training cycle (lockdown from 11 March 2020 to 6 May 2020). The cardiorespiratory endurance was measured using the Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run test—Beep Test. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used in the study. Detailed comparisons were made using Tukey’s HSD test. Statistically significant differences were noted in endurance in a one year cycle: F(5.115) = 22.65; p < 0.001; partial Eta-squared = 0.50. An increase in the level of endurance by mean = 179.17 m, SD ± 189.87 m was noted between T1 and T6. After the break caused by the COVID-19 restrictions, a decrease in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was noted. Only after two training mesocycles was a significant increase in the mean value noted compared to the period before the pandemic (p < 0.05). With the negative impact of restrictions in mind, coaches and physiotherapists should exercise caution when planning training, taking into consideration the level of physical activity during the pandemic.
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Anam, Khoiril, Limpad Nurrachmad, Anies Setiowati, Nanang Indardi, Yuwono, Fajar Awang Irawan, Preeyaporn Gulsirirat, Nugroho Susanto, and Nuridin Widya Pranoto. "Application of FIFA 11+ Kids: Method to minimize sports injuries in youth football." Journal Sport Area 7, no. 2 (August 18, 2022): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2022.vol7(2).9467.
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Football is one of the sports with the highest risk of injury, with injuries to children around 3% per year with serious injuries occurring at only 0.69% per year. The objective of the study is to investigate the application of FIFA 11+ Kids in minimizing sports injuries in youth football through enhancement components of physical condition, namely, leg muscle power and muscle flexibility. This study is an quasi-experimental research by using a pre-test - post-test control group design. The sample in this study are 20 people, divided into control and treatment groups. In this study, the sample is determined using a purposive sampling technique, with the following inclusion criteria: 1) male, 2) 11-12 years old, 3) practicing football regularly, 3) willing to be a research sample. In contrast, the criteria exclusion is experienced injured and unwilling to be a research sample. The distribution of control and treatment groups using matching subject ABBA technique. Instruments used in this research are the standing broad jump test to measure leg muscle power and sit and reach test to measure muscle flexibility. The data analysis is a t-test regression analysis with a level of 5% significance. This study found that the application of FIFA 11+ Kids can be used as a method to minimize sports injuries in youth football. The limitation of this study is that the sample is limited to only 20 children. This research is important because it contributes to the science of football coaching in terms of preventing injuries to children. Future research is expected to thoroughly examine the components of other physical conditions related to injury prevention, and use a larger sample from various age groups of soccer school students.
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Serpiello, Fabio, Grant Duthie, Codey Moran, Damian Kovacevic, Erch Selimi, and Matthew Varley. "The Occurrence of Repeated High Acceleration Ability (RHAA) in Elite Youth Football." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 07 (June 5, 2018): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0608-4738.
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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Repeated High-Acceleration Ability (RHAA) bouts in elite youth football games using 10-Hz GPS devices and two relative thresholds derived from players’ actual maximal acceleration. Thirty-six outfield soccer players (age 14.9±0.6 years) participated in the study. Players wore 10-Hz GPS units during 41 official games. High accelerations were defined as efforts commencing above a threshold corresponding to 70% (T70%) or 80% (T80%) of the average 5-m acceleration obtained during a 40-m sprint test; RHAA bouts were defined as ≥3 efforts with ≤45 s recovery between efforts. Results were analysed via generalised linear mixed model and magnitude-based inferential statistics. On average, 8.0±4.6 and 5.1±3.5 bouts were detected in an entire game using T70% and T80%, respectively. When all positions were analysed together, there was a very-likely small difference in the number of RHAA bouts between first and second half for T70% and T80%, respectively. RHAA bouts occur frequently in elite youth football, with small differences between halves and between playing positions within the first or second half in most variables assessed.
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Cushion, Christopher, and Robyn L. Jones. "Power, Discourse, and Symbolic Violence in Professional Youth Soccer: The Case of Albion Football Club." Sociology of Sport Journal 23, no. 2 (June 2006): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.2.142.
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A sociological analysis was conducted into the collective nature of coaching as manifest in the triangular interaction between coach, athlete, and context within English professional youth soccer. The work of Pierre Bourdieu is predominantly used to interpret data collected ethnographically over the course of a 10-month season. Findings show how an authoritarian discourse is established and maintained, how it is structured by and subsequently structures the coaching context, and how accompanying behaviors are misrecognized as legitimate by both coaches and players. We conclude by reflecting on the limits of such work and its implications for future coaching education.
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Larsen, Carsten H., Dorothee Alfermann, Kristoffer Henriksen, and Mette K. Christensen. "Preparing Footballers for the Next Step: An Intervention Program From an Ecological Perspective." Sport Psychologist 28, no. 1 (March 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0015.
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The purpose of this article is to present practitioners and applied researchers with specific details of an ecological-inspired program and intervention in a professional football (soccer) club in Denmark. Based on an ecological agenda, the aim is to reinforce the culture of psychosocial development in the daily practice of a professional football academy, provide the skills required to succeed at the professional level and create stronger relations between the youth and professional departments. The authors suggest six principles as fundamental governing principles to inform an intervention inspired by the holistic ecological perspective. Descriptions of the intervention program and findings are presented in four interconnected steps. Insights are provided into delivery of workshops, the supervision of the coach, on-pitch training, evaluation of the program, and integrating sport psychology as a part of the culture within the club.
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Abarghoueinejad, Maryam, Adam Baxter-Jones, Thayse Gomes, Daniel Barreira, and José Maia. "Motor Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies." Sports 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9040053.
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The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available information regarding longitudinal data addressing young soccer players’ motor performance changes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in three databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS. The following descriptors were used: football, soccer, youth, young, player, athlete, physical performance, motor performance, longitudinal. The inclusion criteria were original articles in English with longitudinal data of young males (aged 10–18 years), with the aim to investigate motor performance serial changes. The initial search returned 211 records, and the final sample comprised 32 papers. These papers covered the European continent, and used mixed and pure longitudinal design with variation in sample size and age range. The reviewed studies tended to use different tests to assess the motor performance and aimed to identify changes in motor performance in several ways. In general, they indicated motor performance improvements with age, with a marked influence of biological maturity, body composition, and training stimuli. This review highlights the need for coaches and stakeholders to consider players’ motor performance over time whilst considering biological maturation, biological characteristics, and training stimuli.
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Almeida, Carlos Humberto, Paulo Cruz, Ricardo Gonçalves, Rui Batalau, Paulo Paixão, José António Jorge, and Pedro Vargas. "Game criticality in male youth football: Situational and age-related effects on the goal-scoring period in Portuguese national championships." Retos 46 (August 22, 2022): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94275.
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Abstract. Research crossing the effects of situational variables with the temporal analysis of goals scored in football is scarce, particularly in youth football. Hence, the present study aimed to (1) analyse the effects of match location, match status, team quality, goal criticality, and age group on match periods in which goals are scored in male youth football, and (2) examine whether the age group (U17, U19, and U23) influences the emergence of critical moments in matches from the Portuguese national championships. The sample consisted of 2,591 goals scored in the U17, U19, and U23 Portuguese national championships during the 2019/2020 season. Chi-square tests revealed that match location, match status, goal criticality, and age group were significantly associated with the goal-scoring period. During the first halves, more goals were scored (1) when playing at home, (2) when teams were tied or losing by one goal (critical circumstances) and (3) by U17 teams. A multinomial logistic regression model revealed that the chances of scoring in the sixth period (vs the first) significantly decreased when playing at home, and in U17 and U19 matches. The U23 teams were more likely to score in the last period regardless of goal criticality. However, the interaction effect of team quality x age group suggests that U17 and U19 teams are more prone to score in later match periods when team ability is equated. These findings enable coaches to improve the tactical, physical, and psychological preparation for competitive youth matches depending on the target age group. Keywords: goal, critical moments, contextual variables, temporal analysis, soccer.
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Carapinheira, António, Pedro Mendes, Pedro Guedes Carvalho, Miquel Torregrossa, and Bruno Travassos. "Career Termination of Portuguese Elite Football Players: Comparison between the Last Three Decades." Sports 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040155.
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The aim of this study was to explore the process of career termination of elite soccer players, comparing the quality and the resources to support career termination over the last three decades. To this end, was developed a questionnaire defined by four sections: (a) biographical data, (b) athletic career, (c) quality of career termination and (d) available resources at the moment of career termination. Ninety male former elite Portuguese soccer players participated in this study. The results highlighted a decrease in the length of athletic career as football players and an increase in the number of years as youth players over the last 30 years. The results also revealed that the quality of career termination was difficult. The analysis of resources for career termination revealed an increase in a high level of education over the years. Despite the evolution in the level athletes’ education in the last three decades, the athletic career termination remained difficult and it was reported that they did not plan their career termination. In line with previous studies, the results highlight that the lack of plans for career termination is one of the most important factors that constrain the quality of career transition.
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Fröberg, Andreas, Marie Alricsson, and Jonas Ahnesjö. "Awareness of current recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0329.
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Abstract Aim: Physical conditioning of youth has always been a controversial topic as it raises ethical, physiological, and medical issues. Current recommendations and guidelines suggest that strength training is a relatively safe and worthwhile method in conditioning youth. This, however, requires well-informed coaches who follow age-appropriate strength training recommendations and guidelines, compiles well-designed strength training programs, and provides qualified supervision and instructions. The purpose of this study was to investigate coaches’ awareness of current recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth. Method: A total of 39 football (US: soccer) coaches (34 males and 5 females) training boys in age groups 8–12 years were included in this study. Data were collected using an attitude statement questionnaire, and the assertions were based upon current recommendations and guidelines. Results: The results revealed significant differences among coaches in terms of knowledge of important aspects of strength training for youth. Conclusions: The results suggested that coaches in the present study were not aware of the latest recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth.
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Smothers, Neil, Brendan Cropley, Rhodri Lloyd, and Jon Oliver. "An exploration of the landscape of fundamental movement skills and strength development in UK professional football academies." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954121992522.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the landscape of Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) and strength development in professional football (soccer) academies in the UK. To achieve this, we interviewed 16 participants, whose primary responsibility was the physical development of youth players from a variety of Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP) categorised academies. Following abductive analysis, we identified that whilst all participants acknowledged the importance of FMS and strength development for young football players, there was variance across EPPP categories relating to: (a) the time dedicated to developing FMS and strength; (b) the number, level of qualification, and utilisation of staff; and (c) the integration of the evidence informed practice into programme design and delivery. Although the key foci of academy strength and conditioning programmes generally prioritised injury reduction, performance improvement, and building a physical base for future development, the methods used to achieve these outcomes were varied. Finally, participants reported how relationships between support staff and technical coaching staff had a direct impact on the implementation of FMS and strength programmes. We have provided rich insights into a range of factors that may facilitate or hinder FMS and strength development within youth football players and thus helped to advance understanding of the practical implications of focusing on these key skills within athlete development programmes.
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Moran, Ryan N., and Tracey Covassin. "King-Devick test normative reference values and internal consistency in youth football and soccer athletes." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 28, no. 12 (September 19, 2018): 2686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13286.
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Roe, Mark, Catherine Blake, Conor Gissane, and Kieran Collins. "Injury Scheme Claims in Gaelic Games: A Review of 2007–2014." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.07.
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Gaelic games (Gaelic football and hurling) are indigenous Irish sports with increasing global participation in recent years. Limited information is available on longitudinal injury trends. Reviews of insurance claims can reveal the economic burden of injury and guide cost-effective injury-prevention programs.Context: To review Gaelic games injury claims from 2007–2014 for male players to identify the costs and frequencies of claims. Particular attention was devoted to lower limb injuries due to findings from previous epidemiologic investigations of Gaelic games.Objective: Descriptive epidemiology study.Design: Open-access Gaelic Athletic Association Annual Reports from 2007–2014 were reviewed to obtain annual injury-claim data.Setting: Gaelic Athletic Association players.Patients or Other Participants: Player age (youth or adult) and relationships between lower limb injury-claim rates and claim values, Gaelic football claims, hurling claims, youth claims, and adult claims.Main Outcome Measure(s): Between 2007 and 2014, €64 733 597.00 was allocated to 58 038 claims. Registered teams had annual claim frequencies of 0.36 with average claim values of €1158.4 ± 192.81. Between 2007 and 2014, average adult claims were always greater than youth claims (6217.88 versus 1036.88), while Gaelic football claims were always greater than hurling claims (5395.38 versus 1859.38). Lower limb injuries represented 60% of all claims. The number of lower limb injury claims was significantly correlated with annual injury-claim expenses (r = 0.85, P = .01) and adult claims (r = 0.96, P = .01) but not with youth claims (r = 0.69, P = .06).Results: Reducing lower limb injuries will likely reduce injury-claim expenses. Effective injury interventions have been validated in soccer, but whether such changes can be replicated in Gaelic games remains to be investigated. Injury-claim data should be integrated into current elite injury-surveillance databases to monitor the cost effectiveness of current programs.Conclusions:
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Skinner, J. H. C., and S. J. Bobbili. "Coaches' knowledge and awareness of spit tobacco use among youth athletes: results of a 2009 Ontario survey." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 32, no. 3 (June 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.3.05.
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Introduction Public health professionals have become concerned that spit tobacco (ST) use among athletes is increasing. However, little is known about the issue in Canada, particularly among youth. Methods The Not to Kids Coalition and the Coaches Association of Ontario surveyed coaches regarding ST knowledge and awareness and their perceived roles as coaches in influencing ST use among their athletes. Surveys were distributed electronically to individuals who coached male and female youth aged 9 to 18 years in baseball, basketball, football, soccer, and track and field, in Ontario. Results Almost all of the surveyed coaches responded correctly to questions about the health effects of ST use, and about 80% of respondents answered correctly to the question about legislation associated with ST and youth. Conclusion Most coaches are interested in receiving information about ST, particularly the health effects of ST use and how to prevent ST use among athletes. Multiple formats should be used to provide information to coaches, including both electronic and hard copy materials.
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Dean, Francesca, Emma Kavanagh, Amanda Wilding, and Tim Rees. "An Examination of the Experiences of Practitioners Delivering Sport Psychology Services within English Premier League Soccer Academies." Sports 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10040060.
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Sport psychology has become increasingly recognized and accepted within professional sports, including soccer. To date, there is a lack of research that examines the provision of sport psychology within elite soccer, particularly from the experience of applied practitioners working within the field. The current study adopted a qualitative, inductive approach, to examine the experiences of practitioners responsible for sport psychology delivery within elite soccer academies in England. Seven participants (four females; three males), working within academies in the English Premier League, took part in semi-structured interviews about their experience of delivering sport psychology services within elite soccer academies. Results demonstrated that the provision of sport psychology is continually evolving, yet there are a number of factors that appear to inhibit the full integration of the discipline into academy soccer. Six key themes were identified: The breadth of sport psychology provision; what is sport psychology; the stigma surrounding sport psychology services; psychological literacy; the elite youth soccer environment; and the delivery of sport psychology under the Elite Player Performance Plan. Participants identified a lack of psychological literacy among coaches and academy staff, as well as a low level of guidance regarding the provision of psychology within the England Football Association’s guiding document—the Elite Player Performance Plan—leading to considerable variation in the nature of the sport psychology provision. Future research would do well to also sample from a range of staff working within English soccer academies, in order to assess their perception of the level of provision and understanding of psychology.