Academic literature on the topic 'Youth – Employment – Europe'
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Journal articles on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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Zainieva, Lilia, Aigul Abzhapparova, and Elmira Suimbayeva Suimbayeva. "Youth Vector of Europe: Strategic, State and International Communication." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 54 (January 30, 2023): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/nnuh7157.
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Abstract. The article emphasizes that the implementation of youth policy depends on many factors, primarily on its implementation at all levels: international, regional and national. This article is devoted to the study of youth policy issues in line with the last two levels. It is based on the materials of the European Union and a number of states in this region. Such issues as the creation and establishment of the activities of pan-European structures are being considered. Moreover, this process is analyzed not only at the level of state bodies, but also non-governmental organizations, especially youth. Special attention is paid to international cooperation in the field of youth policy. A significant part of the article is occupied by materials related to work among young people in specific European countries. They summarize the experience in the field of education, employment and other main areas of the young generation's life, highlight the features of this experience in order to use it by other states. The analysis showed that European countries have accumulated sufficient potential in working with young people. The achievements of the European Union as a whole are also of interest, especially in the development of integration processes, the unification of organizational, legal and material resources. Key words: youth, Youth 2030 Strategy, level of youth policy, international cooperation, education, employment, Council of Europe, European Union.
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Lewis, Paul, and Jason Heyes. "The changing face of youth employment in Europe." Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17720017.
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This article examines trends in youth employment across the EU-15 countries during 2002–2006 and 2007–2011. Drawing upon microdata from the EU Labour Force Survey it examines changes in contract type, hours worked and occupation by level of education. Although the financial crisis creates a discontinuity in numbers employed, and despite certain country specificities, the authors observe common structural changes across the two periods. They find an increasing shift from permanent full-time to temporary part-time contracts, the ‘hollowing out’ of traditional mid-skill level occupations and evidence of ‘occupational filtering down’ whereby the higher-educated are substituted for the lower-educated in low-skilled occupations. The authors observe some growth in ‘professionals’ following the crisis, but little evidence of the rise of a new knowledge economy. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate policy approaches to education and training and labour market regulation if European nations are to provide high-quality employment opportunities for their young people.
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Stasiuk, Nazar, and Tetiana Kharchuk. "Raising youth unemployment as one of the consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2021, no. 2 (December 2021): 238–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2021.02.328.
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For studying the excess of youth unemployment in comparison with other age groups in Europe and selected world regions, the authors hypothesized the high efficiency of government employment policy, taking into account the possible consequences of displacing other age groups. The aim of the study is to formulate proposals for reducing youth unemployment in Europe and selected world regions in accordance with the identified specific causes of this phenomenon. The main objectives of the study are: - consideration of macroeconomic indicators of Europe and selected world regions in 2015 to 2020 and the peculiarities of their interconnection; - identification of the most specific causes of youth unemployment excess in comparison with other age groups in Europe and selected world regions; - formation of proposals for reducing youth unemployment and justification of their feasibility. To achieve the purpose, special and general scientific methods were used, including: graphic method, comparison, formalization, systematization, generalization, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis. Based on a study of employment in selected world regions in 2015 to 2020, it was found that there is a significant excess of youth unemployment compared to the general unemployment rate. However, unemployment may be less of a problem for young people than for adults, as it tends to be shorter. Moreover, young people may simply change jobs more often, so the higher unemployment rate observed is mainly functional and therefore not particularly harmful. Reducing youth unemployment is a difficult task, but complete inaction in this area or attempts to solve unemployment problems in other age groups at the expense of youth employment can lead to more severe economic consequences. In general, the hypothesis of the high efficiency of government employment policy, taking into account the possible consequences of displacing other age groups, is proven. Among the main motives prompting scientists to further study the problems of youth unemployment are the economic and social difficulties that the economically active population faces when they lose their jobs. In the future, concrete steps can be developed by states in the framework of employment policy, which can include individual counseling procedures, as well as systemic interventions based on the analysis of social circles in which young people are involved (for example, families and couples, not just individuals). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomic indicators of Europe and selected world regions is examined. In particular, the dynamics of real GDP and employment rates during 2012-2020 are reflected. It was found that young workers in Europe were more prone to job losses during the crisis than the elderly population. However, the downward trend in youth employment affects not only Europe but also other regions of the world, including developing countries, where youth unemployment can be three times higher than the general rate. A number of reasons for low youth employment are identified, including a barrier to entry the labor market due to the lack of experience, insecurity of jobs, high frequency of voluntary dismissals and a tendency of youth unemployment towards over-cyclicality.
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Tosun, Jale, Felix Hörisch, and Paulo Marques. "Youth employment in Europe: Coordination as a crucial dimension." International Journal of Social Welfare 28, no. 4 (July 25, 2019): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12403.
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Baranowska, Anna, and Michael Gebel. "THE DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT IN THE ENLARGED EUROPE." European Societies 12, no. 3 (July 2010): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616690903165434.
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Ayllón, Sara. "Youth Poverty, Employment, and Leaving the Parental Home in Europe." Review of Income and Wealth 61, no. 4 (April 2, 2014): 651–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12122.
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Zbrytska, Tetyana, and Vladislav Minin. "Problems of youth in the labor market in modern conditions." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 2(77) (June 30, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.2(77).2021.55-65.
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The article investigates a modern state of youth employment in the labor market. The purpose of the article is to consider of youth segment in the labor market, to study the dynamics of youth employment in recent years and to develop proposals for improving the state of youth employment in Ukraine. Current trends in youth employment and unemployment in the labor market are analyzed. In the process of analysis, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization were used, which made it possible to ensure the validity of the study. Based on the results of youth employment issues analysis, the main problems faced by young people in finding a job (specific problems in the youth segment of the labor market) are determined, namely: imperfection of the legal framework that regulates labor relations; young people after graduation cannot put their skills and abilities into practice; imbalance in the professional and qualification structure of the labor supply, which does not correspond to the demand in the labor market; lack of professional experience among young people; gender inequality by sex and age; labor migration due to the non-competitiveness of wages in Ukraine compared to wages in Europe. For a systematic solution to the problems of youth labor market, it is necessary to improve the existing mechanism for increasing the level of youth employment, thereby a new impetus will appear for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of improving the state regulation of the youth segment of the labor market in Ukraine are proposed, namely: the creation of effective interaction between public employment agencies, business and education. An improvement and systemic implementation of the mechanism for increasing youth employment will reduce the outflow of labor force abroad and ensure the competitiveness of the national economy in the long term.
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Sava, Simona. "FROM EDUCATIONAL POLICIES TO ACTUAL PRACTICES: YOUNG NEETS IN ROMANIA." Journal of Pedagogy - Revista de Pedagogie LXVIII, no. 2 (December 2020): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26755/revped/2020.2/105.
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According to Eurostat data, the young NEETs (Not in education, employment or training) rate in Romania is one of the highest in Europe. It ranks 4th in Europe in 2019 (after Italy, Greece, and Slovenia) (Eurostat, 2020), with 11.5% for men, and 27.8% for women (while the EU average is 12.2% for men, and 20.8% for women). In addition, Romania has one of the highest rates of ’other NEETs’, not registered by public employment agencies: only 4.8% were registered in 2018, and received the NEETs benefits (CE, 2018). Recent data show the low performance of Romania in monitoring the school to work transition of youths, in accessing the European funds to support young people entering the labor market, or for offering the Youth Guarantee (Beadle et al., 2020). Even so, Romania, like all other member states, cannot afford to lose the youth capital, while it faces sharp population ageing and outgoing migration. During the last decade, we saw emerging a strong know-how for understanding and addressing the NEETs issue. Reflecting on the research data from different reports and studies, from various findings in large scale H2020 research and innovation projects on NEETs, the paper elaborates on proactive or remedial integrative solutions for improving the situation of young NEETs in Romania, building up on the good practices in atracting NEETs, at national and European level, while using the theoretical framework of the governmentality studies applied to the youth field (Besley, 2010).
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Vysotskaya, Volha, Máté Kun, Petronella Doszpoly, Zsuzsanna Dabasi-Halász, and Katalin Lipták. "Youth transition to the labour market during employment mobility. Employment and inequality of young people in Europe." Tér és Társadalom 31, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.31.4.2888.
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Transition from study to work is considered as the end of youth. How do young people prepare to enter the labour market? What are the strategies young people utilise to become employed if it occurs in another country, as in the case of employment mobility? To answer these questions, the proposed article focuses on how young people move and enter the employment in other destination countries. Alongside with the literature on youth and transition we also observe that young people equally experience challenges of matching their skills in the destination countries. They relate to inequalities on the job market depending on their skills, their qualifications, the type of jobs, their working experiences, etc. The discussions in this paper thus first touch upon the topic of inequality with regard to the process of recruitment and becoming employed. Second, they draw attention to the inferior positioning that young people are prepared to put themselves into when entering the labour market for the first time and emphasise the fact that young people often experience discrimination and unequal treatment when they complete education and apply for jobs, on the grounds of being young and inexperienced. As a result, such a positioning often puts young people in a vulnerable situation, which they accept and endure as long as they are promised work. Furthermore, by focusing on how young people enter the labour market in the receiving country, the paper also explores strategies that young people apply for being employed, becoming integrated in the labour market, overcoming inequalities in employment and finding ways to cope with these challenges in the labour market, as well as their own social lives in the destination country.
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Ermolieva, Eleonora. "The Spanish youth: the plight today and uncertain perspective for tomorrow." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2017-1-34-40.
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Recent studies reveal that a significant part of the European youth is still in difficult circumstances as a result of the protracted economic crisis. The situation is particularly hard in the south of Europe, where the level of youth un-employment is still high, and it seems uncertain whether it improves in the future. In addition, there is a growth in the share of so-called NEET generation, i.e. young people neither in employment nor in education or training. It leads to a dramatic waste of national human capital. Statistical data proves that the Spanish case study is one of the most complicated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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Veilahti, Antti V. P. "'Financial' crises in Europe : multilevel analysis of youth, employment and the economy of wellbeing from 2007 to 2012." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/18875/.
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The economic crisis in Europe is often articulated as a direct consequence of Lehman Brothers’ collapse. Yet it was only in Europe that the real economic crisis was sustained in a peculiar, prolonged way. In this comparative study of the EU-27, I examine the different manifestations of the crisis with an emphasis on employment, marginalisation and inequality. Questions: How to locate the crisis and the people the most affected by it; how can different policy responses (stimulation, social investment, active labour market policies) be viewed in connection with the crisis? Methods: Using multilevel methods I analyse how individual experiences are linked to and explained by national differences. Multiple correspondence analysis is used to model subjective experiences. Results: First, there is no correlation between fiscal, financial and welfare-related aspects of the crisis. Therefore, the imbalances of the public economy do not straightforwardly justify the recent cuts to social protection. Second, and coincidently, in countries where expenditure on social protection has been maintaned, economic difficulties have been less emphatic. Non-social stimulation bears no similar benefits. Third, in the so-called post-Fordist, education-intensive economies the subjective effects of the crisis are systematically stronger. These effects are the most emphatic among the young, indicating vast sustained consequences into adulthood. However, the attitudes of young adults are straying further. The unemployed young and those working in fixed-term contracts relate differently to insecurity, lacking shared, generation-wide experiences and representations of conflict. Conclusions: Qualitative changes in the conditions of work make the crisis present everywhere in Europe, including Protestant countries where the effects of the banking crisis were limited. As a possible alternative explanation my thesis then frames the crisis as a crisis of ‘post-Fordist’ work, asking whether it is primarily ‘financial’ except as a rhetorical construct. I then discuss its broad implications to welfare and inter-generational equity.
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Cachapa, Filipa C. "Depois do ensino superior: transições para a vida adulta dos jovens europeus perante o mercado de trabalho." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18139.
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Nas últimas décadas a sociedade assistiu a processos de mudança profunda que conduziram a novos comportamentos e a novas formas de ser e estar. Ao contrário do
que se verificou em gerações passadas, a idade cronológica é cada vez menos uma referência e importa questionar como é hoje feita pelos jovens a transição para a vida
adulta. Actualmente, o espaçamento entre o momento de terminar a frequência do
sistema de ensino (nomeadamente, o superior), arranjar um primeiro emprego e todos
os restantes acontecimentos que tradicionalmente se seguiam, torna-se maior. No
presente estudo, procuramos compreender como é que o contexto social, económico e
demográfico dos países europeus, e a frequência do ensino superior, contribuem para
‘novos’ comportamentos dos jovens na transição para a vida adulta, nomeadamente, no que diz respeito ao impacto da questão da empregabilidade. Para isso, numa análise multidisciplinar, que envolve a Sociologia, a Economia e a Demografia, e através de uma metodologia essencialmente quantitativa, procuraremos identificar indicadores que poderão compreender aquelas relações na Europa; ABSTRACT: In recent decades society has suffered deep changes that lead to new behaviours in transition to the different stages along the life course. Contrary to past generations, the
chronologic age is no longer a reference; thus, it is crucial to understand how young
people do their transition to adulthood. In the past, childhood was followed by a rapid
transition to the adulthood in which the majority of individuals, almost sequentially,
entered the labour market, left the parental home, got married and had children.
Currently, the spacing between the time to complete full education (including higher
education) and getting a first job becomes larger. In the present study, we will try to
understand how the social, economic and demographic conditions of the European
countries and the participation in higher education contribute to "new" behaviours of
young people in transition to adulthood, namely, in what concerns employability.
Following a multidisciplinary analysis, which involves Sociology, Economy and
Demography, and trough a quantitative approach we will try to identify indicators that
can describe the relationship between the social and economical background, higher
education participation and transition to adulthood in Europe.
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Deganis, Isabelle. "A dialogue across paradigms : the European Commission's autonomous power within the open method of coordination." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a7f66cca-a998-4981-8c9c-cb295c27dcd7.
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This research project seeks to gauge the autonomous power of the European Commission within the Open Method of Coordination (OMC), a new mode of governance coined at the Lisbon European Council in March 2000 and based on the principle of the voluntary cooperation of Member States. Two cases form the basis of this inquiry, namely, quality in work, a policy issue addressed under the banner of the European Employment Strategy, and child poverty and social exclusion, a key item on the agenda of the OMC for Social Inclusion. A primary impetus at the heart of this project is one of ontological pluralism. Rejecting a zero-sum interpretation of the rationalist/constructivist debate, this study constitutes a plea for a conversation across paradigms. The domain-of-application model employed here works by preserving the integrity of individual theories while specifying a particular scope condition under which constructivist and rationalist insights are likely to prevail. Selecting two cases on the basis of the critical scope condition of issue sensitivity, a central postulate informing this integrative research design is that high issue sensitivity (quality in work) invites strategic interaction among pre-constituted social actors driven by a behavioural logic of utility-maximization, while low issue sensitivity (child poverty and social exclusion) allows for a fundamentally norm-guided behaviour. Concretely, in effecting this theoretical dialogue, two sets of causal hypotheses are examined. On the one hand, rational choice institutionalism (principal-agent theory) offers a number of suppositions about the Commission’s institutional power, that is, its ability to transform the conditions of action of self-seeking national governments. On the other hand, sociological institutionalism conceptualizes the Commission’s productive power (i.e. its power to constitute the interests and identities of individual agents) through the lens of discourse analysis. Testing theoretical predictions against collected data makes plain the superior explanatory value of independent variables and causal mechanisms of rationalist lineage in capturing the essence of the Commission’s autonomous power in the case of quality in work and the congruity of sociological institutionalism’s original conjectures in the area of child poverty and social exclusion. Crucially, this strict correspondence corroborates the pertinence of the critical scope condition of issue sensitivity in delineating the explanatory ambit of both theories and attests to the co-existence of different forms of autonomous power wielded by the Commission within the framework of the OMC.
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Heidari, Wahid, and Umba Nsabimana. "Minimilöners effekter på ungdomssysselsättning inom EU." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177341.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka minimilöners effekter på ungdomssysselsättning inom Europeiska unionen (EU). De åldrar som undersöks är ungdomar (15–24), vilket vidare delas in i tonåringar (15–19) och unga vuxna (20–24). I analysen används panelregressioner med fasta effekter för 17 EU-medlemsländer (inklusive Storbritannien) med lagstadgade minimilöner under perioden 2000 till 2018. Vi finner att minimilöner har signifikanta negativa sysselsättningseffekter för ungdomar inom EU och att dessa effekter är mer kraftfulla för tonåringar än för unga vuxna. Med hänsyn till resultatet drar vi slutsatsen att minimilöner inom EU bör handskas med försiktighet eftersom de kan leda till mindre sysselsättning bland ungdomar.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of minimum wages on youth employment in the European Union (EU). The main study group is youths between 15-24 which is then further divided into teenagers (15–19) and young adults (20-24). We employ panel regression methods with fixed effects for 17 EU countries (including the UK) that have statutory minimum wages using data from 2000 to 2018. We find that minimum wages have significant negative employment effects for youths in the EU and that the effects are stronger for teenagers compared to young adults. We reach a conclusion that minimum wage policies in EU countries should be handled with caution as they can lead to lower youth employment.
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VAN, ALPHEN Stan. "Just enough education to perform : the labour market integration of early school leavers in a European cross-national perspective." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14509.
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Defence date: 28 May 2010Examining Board: Fabrizio Bernardi (EUI); Jaap Dronkes (formerly EUI/Univ. Maastricht, Supervisor); Markus Gangl (Univ. Wisconsin, in absentia); Irena Kogan (Univ. Mannheim)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis concerns the labour market outcomes of early school leavers in a European, cross-national perspective. More specifically, it deals with the way country level factors shape the disadvantages these early school leavers experience on the European labour market, when compared with those who have at least upper secondary education. To the extent that country level variation in the labour market integration of early school leavers can be attributed to specific institutional and macro-structural characteristics, it enriches the single cross-national definition of early school leaving, and points towards best practices that can be learned from. The overarching research question that runs through this thesis is twofold. To what extent is the labour market integration of early school leavers in Europe obstructed by the country-specific macro-structural factors underlying a knowledge economy? And, second, can the various education and labour market policies across the European countries help to decrease the relative labour market disadvantage of early school leavers? The concept of early school leaving, the process of ranking and rating countries on the basis of institutional and macro-structural characteristics, and the increasing availability of standardised country level indicators have all developed through a cross-fertilisation of academic research and EU policy making, which is why this thesis draws upon both the empirical literature and the Lisbon objectives when arguing the relevance of the research and formulating its conclusions. Using the ESS, the ECHP, and the EU-SILC, this thesis addresses the cross-level influences of educational expansion, skill-biased occupational change, the type and quality of the education and training system, and labour market policies. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the three most relevant findings in this research. These are (1) the downside of an equitable educational system, (2) the benefit of a higher educational quality, and (3) the influence of durable active labour market policy.
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Anastasiadis, Katerina. "The Case of high unemployment among young post-secondary graduates in Greece and the context of the Greek fiscal crisis." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4270.
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This research focuses on an issue that has persisted in Greece over recent decades – long-term youth unemployment. The issue has worsened in the last few years, however, in particular following unprecedented historical times caused by a worldwide economic recession that hit Greece particularly hard. This recession that was triggered by events in the United States in 2008, set off a worldwide recession, the effects of which continue to affect countries like Greece today. It is in this context that the post-secondary graduate unemployment rate in the country soared to 20% in 2010 and has since continued to follow an upward trend. What is more, the Greek economy, with debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio reaching more than 140% in 2010 and 165% in 2011, is not showing signs of improvement. This situation is far from encouraging for unemployed Greek youth. Grounded theory (GT) methodology is undertaken in this study which borrows from both Glaserian and Straussian GT method approaches. A Constructivist Grounded Theory perspective is used to interpret findings as the thesis analyses barriers to employment, understandings and coping mechanisms in relation to Greek graduate unemployment and identifies prospects for the future. Six participants were recruited through convenience sampling and informed research through in depth interviews. Unemployed post-secondary graduates interviewed in this study offered uniquely grounded data to inform my analysis and shared timely information amidst the challenging context of the Greek fiscal crisis. The situation has gained much international attention and opened the door for re-thinking and new possibilities. Given that the economic situation in the Eurozone is inextricably linked to the conditions in its member states, this study considers employment policy in both Greece and the European Union (EU). The thesis concludes by suggesting some potential areas for further research.Graduate
Books on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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Pappadà, Gabriella, Rocco Lancellotti, and Valentina Berni. Promoting youth employment in Europe. Milano: Franco Angeli, 2012.
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Władysław, Adamski, Grootings Peter 1951-, and European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences., eds. Youth, education, and work in Europe. London: Routledge, 1989.
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W, Adamski Wladyslaw, Grootings Peter 1951-, and European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences., eds. Youth, education and work in Europe. London: Routledge for the European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences, 1989.
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Andreas, Walther, and Stauber Barbara, eds. Misleading trajectories: Integration policies for young adults in Europe? Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 2002.
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Estelle, Paquet-Vaultier, ed. Le chômage des jeunes en Europe. Paris, France: L'Harmattan, 1999.
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Lejeune, Rémi. L' Europe et l'insertion par l'économique. Paris: Syros, 1993.
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Pascual, Amparo Serrano. Tackling youth unemployment in Europe: Monitoring the European employment strategy. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute, 2000.
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Bernd, Steinmetz, Ries Heinz A, and Homfeldt Hans Günther, eds. Benachteiligte Jugendliche in Europa: Konzepte gegenJugendarbeitslosigkeit. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1994.
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Bernd, Steinmetz, Ries Heinz A, and Homfeldt Hans Gunther, eds. Benachteiligte Jugendliche in Europa: Konzepte gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1994.
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Gregory, DeFreitas, ed. Young workers in the global economy: Job challenges in North America, Europe and Japan. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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Mitter, Wolfgang. "Education and Employment in Western Europe: The German Case." In Youth, Education and Employment, 74–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003324928-7.
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Arnorsson, A., and G. Zoega. "Youth Employment and Social Capital in Europe." In Sustainable Growth in the EU, 9–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52018-6_2.
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Eichhorst, Werner, and Ulf Rinne. "Promoting Youth Employment in Europe: Evidence-Based Policy Lessons." In European Youth Labour Markets, 189–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68222-8_13.
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Capo, Marianna, Valentina Paola Cesarano, Maria Papathanasiou, and Maura Striano. "Telling Transversal Competences… to be Professionally Promoted." In Employability & Competences, 341–64. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.39.
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This article introduces experimental reflection on the experiences at an ‘Employability Skills’ laboratory of a group of young volunteers from the National Civilian Service under the ‘Support and Inclusion’ project of the Employment Promotion Section (SPO in Italian) of the University of Naples Federico II SInAPSi Centre. Young volunteers were included as unstructured support figures in activities that sought mainly to assist and serve students with disabilities. More specifically, these activities included: accompaniment and support during lessons; digitization of teaching material; providing support for the assorted services offered by the University Centre; general training implemented by AMESCI staff; specific training implemented by SInAPSi operatives. The experiences, which were accomplished in cooperation with the Europe 2020 programme, included the creation of an integrated system to recognize and validate formal, non-formal, and informal skills, as a tool to promote youth employment (Striano, Capobianco 2016)
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Cueto, Begoña, Ángel Martín-Román, Alfonso Moral, and Almudena Moreno Mínguez. "Youth Employment in the Iberian Countries." In European Youth Labour Markets, 27–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68222-8_3.
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Cebrián, Inmaculada, and Gloria Moreno. "Youth Employment in Spain: Flows In and Out During the Great Recession and Employment Stability." In European Youth Labour Markets, 95–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68222-8_7.
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Skiadas, Dimitrios V. "EU Youth Policy and Employment." In Higher Education and Research in the European Union, 277–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85690-8_15.
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Ule, Mirjana, and Vesna Leskošek. "Transition from Education to Employment: Comparative Assessment of Youth Guarantee Policies in Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Latvia." In European Youth Labour Markets, 109–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68222-8_8.
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Xhumari, Merita Vaso. "Older Workers and Their Relations to the Labour Market in Albania." In Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes, 77–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_5.
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AbstractThe life course perspective is used in analysis of the older workers relations to the labour market in a societal context. Transition to the market economy of Albania has increased the vulnerability especially for two categories: the youngest, as the new entries into the labour market, and the oldest workers, who found it difficult to be adjusted to the labour market demand, after the failure of state enterprises, changes in working environments, social services, family, etc. The investigation of older workers in the labour market is focused on five dimensions: (1) the labour market structure and employment status of older workers; (2) the employment & VET policies; (3) the work-life balance with ageing; (4) health and (5) retirement.In the beginning of 1990s, the early retirement was the first policy intervention to cope with massive unemployment of older workers. Then, the parametric reforms of PAYG social insurance for increasing the retirement ages and the insurance period have had an impact on extending the working life of older workers of 10 years until 2018. However, the replacement rate was lowering from 74.2% in 1990, to 56% in 1993 when reform started, to further 41% in 2018 which impose pensioners to continue working or delaying the retirement. The increased youth unemployment, atypical and informal employment, has been new challenges for older workers to be adjusted to the labour market demand and only 10% of them can continue working after the retirement age. The development of employment services, VET, health care and social protection have been inadequate to promote social inclusion of older workers.In the framework of the EU integration, Albania has pursued a process of harmonization the legal framework with EU standards. National strategies have been enacted to guarantee human rights, gender equality, and an inclusive society. The social inclusion of older workers into the labour market is a complex issue that depended not only of the Government interventions, but also by the active engagement of other stakeholders. In the Albanian tradition family continues to be a strong supporting institution for older people and children, very likely to the Abbado’s idea in Italy.This chapter is based on an analysis of policy documents, research and statistics from INSTAT, Eurostat, World Bank, etc. The Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) 2015, and European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2016 are used to identify age and gender patterns regarding work-life balance and social inclusion. The analysis suggests that to fully address the complexity of the inclusion of older workers in the labour market, an integrated approach should involve all relevant policy areas such as education, health, employment, and social protection, as well as engagement of all community stakeholders.
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"Migration and mobility." In Youth Employment, edited by Mehtap Akgüç and Miroslav Beblavý, 145–76. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350347.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the changing and dynamic migrant reservoir in Europe, specifically looking at the labour market outcome of migrants with an emphasis on youth. Since the end of World War II, Europe has experienced large-scale migration both internally and from the outside of the EU. The descriptive analysis using aggregate country data suggests that even though migration from non-European countries is very substantial, the intra-European flows from Southern and Eastern Europe are non-negligible, with comparable emigration rates and differing trends and composition in the post-war period. The chapter then demonstrates that young migrants from both Eastern and Southern Europe are more likely to be overqualified than young native-born workers. To tackle issues of persisting native–migrant gaps in labour market performance, policies could be geared toward further integration and non-discriminatory treatment of foreign-born residents in the destination labour markets.
Conference papers on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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Mauleón, Begoña Sáiz, Lenin Guillermo Lemus Zuñiga, Jorge E. Luzuriaga, Miguel Angel Mateo Pla, Jose Vicente Benlloch Dualde, Olga Ampuero Canellas, Jimena González-del Río Cogorno, and Nereida Tarazona Berenguer. "Empowering Youth Employment through European Digital Bootcamps (EDIBO)." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10207.
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are transforming every area of economic and social life all around the world. New types of jobs different from the traditional ones are created rapidly. The demand for highly skilled staff who uses technology effectively has become a requirement for success of companies and the growing industry. However, the number of IT graduates is not keeping up with the current demand. In addition, companies have little or no training programs to develop ICT skills. Initiatives from the European Economic Area (EEA) and Norway Grants to support transnational projects for Youth Employment including European Digital Bootcamps (EDIBO) contribute to increase the job opportunities for young people outside of the labour market. In this way the Sustainable Development Goal 8 which aims to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all” could be fulfilled. Nowadays, EDIBO is developing different training labs in order to achieve a success model of all processes involved with the organization, execution and evaluation. The goal of this document is to allow a rapid replication of the intensive ICT training among the partners of the project as well to the social innovation community in general.
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Gökçek Karaca, Nuray. "Social Integration in Turkey and Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00870.
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In this study, social integration of Turkey was examined in comparison with the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). To examine social integration of Turkey in comparison with transition economies, we benefited from the Social Integration Dimensions which was developed by UNDP. As a comparison of Turkey with EU countries, we can say that Turkey has lower employment, youth unemployment, satisfaction with freedom of choice, satisfaction with job, trust in people, satisfaction with community, perception of safety and higher trust in national government than EU countries. Except the employment, youth unemployment and trust in national government, there is no certain difference between CEE and CIS countries that the performance of countries varies from indicator to indicator.
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Litoiu, Nicoleta. "USING ICT IN APPROACHING CAREER COUNSELLING PROCESS AND CAREER MANAGEMENT SKILLS' DEVELOPMENT." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-122.
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Over the last two years, the E.U. Member States have adopted a series of policy documents that draw up priorities in the fields of schools, vocational education and training, higher education, adult education, employment, youth and social inclusion. These priorities highlighted by the policy documents set up a general framework for action at European and national levels, mainly referring to: reducing early school-leaving; increasing learning mobility; making VET system more attractive; modernizing higher education; promoting adult learning and validation of non-formal and informal learning; combating youth unemployment; implementing flexicurity policies; fighting poverty and social exclusion. In this context, the Europe 2020 Strategy is designed to create 'smart, sustainable and inclusive growth' over the decade 2010-2020. The three main objectives for 2020 all require effective and efficient lifelong guidance policies. Based on the need to provide lifelong career counselling and guidance services, the present paper is aimed to analyze the use of appropriate ICT tools in delivering specific interventions in career counseling process, closely related to the career management skills' development and practice. From this perspective, the paper's approach tries to emphasize the benefits and limitations in using ICT in career counselling process, the role of the practitioner and the role of ICT, taking into consideration the key concepts like distance career counseling, social media, virtual career centers, and integrated ICT-based career resources and services. On the other hand, the paper is addresses to all education experts, teachers and counselling specialists and practitioners in order to stimulate their personal reflection on the cross-cutting nature of career counseling and career management concepts and to encourage initiative and further analysis. From this perspective, we try to investigate the general context, models and principles for developing the career management skills, bringing examples and comments of relevant practice based on a transversal and comparative curricular approach of Romanian education system's levels, with a specific reference to the curriculum area "Guidance and Counselling". Not the last, the role of experts and practitioners in career counselling domain is to mobilize all available resources with a view to enhancing lifelong career guidance policies and services at national and local levels. In line with all mentioned above, using ICT tools in implementing career counselling process and the career management skills focuses on learning about the economic environment, personal and professional development, being able to evaluate oneself, being able to describe the competences one has acquired in formal, informal and non-formal education settings, understanding education, training and qualifications systems.
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Göl, Vildan, and Betül Yüce Dural. "Youth Unemployment and Youth not in Employment, Education or Training: An Assessment in Terms of The EU and Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02594.
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Today, the European Union aims to integrate young people into the labour market and provide employment support. However, youth unemployment figures in the European Union are very serious. In addition to youth unemployment, NEET (Not in Education, Employment and Training) rates, which we hear frequently today and which is closely related to youth unemployment, have high rates both in the European Union and in Turkey. If these two main problems that countries have to deal with are not successful, they will impose serious costs on countries both socially and economically. Although education policies are often used for the solution, factors such as gender perception and patriarchal social structure must be left behind. In addition, strong economic growth should not be ignored to combat the problems of the young unemployed. The first aim of the study is to examine the factors that cause young unemployed and NEETs in the EU and Turkey at the macro and micro level and to present them comparatively. The second aim of the study is to empirically analyse Okun's Law, which argues that there is a negative correlation between unemployment and economic growth, for young unemployed and NEETs in Turkey between 2000 and 2020. The data used in the study was obtained from the OECD and Eurostat databases. The empirical findings obtained as a result of causality analysis show that there is a one-way relationship between economic growth, youth unemployment and NEETs.
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Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė, Laima, and Jolanta Sakalauskienė. "The Impact of Youth Policy Measures on the Labour Market." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.077.
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Our modern society that is based on innovation is ever more quickly developing. Further and further more, one policy measures and actions are not sufficient in ones ability to solve emerging problems and the resulting challenges. Modern solutions require an inter-sectoral approach and coordination of different policy actors and systematic action. The aim of this article is to show the impact of youth policy as a separate policy area on employment policy, specifically in the Lithuanian labor market. The article focuses on the category of 15–29 year-old inactive youth. The article analyzes individual specific measures of youth policy which affect young people’s ability to integrate and reintegrate into the labor market, best practices from different European Union countries are revised too. The article aims to have an inter-sectoral lens in its outlook and methodology. Inter-sectoral interaction should be perceived as the most effective element in its ability to solve labor market problems of this particular case; particularly through the integration of youth policy measures and the employment policy field. The article analyzes the Lithuanian situation beginning with the start of the Youth Guarantee initiative in Lithuania. The final section of the article identifies conclusions and provides recommendations.
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O’Driscoll, Josh. "Re-shaping Irish universities: The application of Self-Determination Theory to an entrepreneurial education policy." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.29.
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“Entrepreneurs are heroes in our society. They fail for the rest of us….. Courage (risk taking) is the highest virtue. We need entrepreneurs.”Nassim Taleb (2018: p36 & p189) – Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Drucker (1985) states that entrepreneurship is neither a science nor an art, but a practice. Therefore, this paper works with the assumption that entrepreneurship can be nurtured. The skills and competencies that a deeper learning around entrepreneurship can bring has the potential to make all students more creative individuals. Unfortunately, according to Eurostat (2019), Ireland is one of the worst countries in Europe for start-ups, lagging behind the E.U. average. Additionally, Entrepreneurship Education at School in Europe (2015) found that Ireland was the country with the lowest percentage of young people that have started their own business. Is our education system failing to equip our youth with skills and competences needed for entrepreneurship? If this is the case, Ireland needs to implement a policy that can change this, before Ireland becomes even more dependent on multinational/foreign companies for economic growth and employment. Other countries have shown that learning “for” and “about” entrepreneurship can bring many more benefits than just business formation ideas (Bager, 2011; EU Expert Group, 2008). Even if one does not value entrepreneurship, or has no interest in being an entrepreneur, the skills and competences learned will help every individual, regardless of their career choice. This paper argues that introducing an entrepreneurial education policy in Ireland could reap massive benefits moving forward. This paper aims to carry out three tasks: 1. To outline an entrepreneurial and enterprise education policy that increases students’ autonomy of their own learning experiences. 2. To present a convincing argument of why Ireland should implement this policy moving forward. 3. Recommend plausible and practical actions in order to implement such a policy in Ireland. This paper is structured as follows: the theory section outlines the Self-Determination Theory that serves as the theoretical backbone for this argument. Evidence of Good Practise presents evidence to back up the need for such a policy and possible solutions towards the improvement of entrepreneurship education. This will build on the theory presented in the Method Section. Conclusions summarises the argument presented and highlights future lines of research.
Reports on the topic "Youth – Employment – Europe"
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National reports 2009-2019 - Rural NEET across Europe (14 countries reports). OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nr14.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: you-th population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central cri-terion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from ILOSTAT explorer public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 youth population in both rural and urban areas decreased. In general, a strong decline in youth population was observed within all categories, with the most significant decrease within the age group 25-29 (21.57%) and 15-19 (20.35%). Youth employment has tended to decrease overall, and the decrease is stron-ger within rural regions. Interestingly, youth unemployment has also tended to decrease, and a significantly higher share of unemployed youth is from rural regions. A somewhat similar trend is observed in the field of education where the number of those enrolled significantly decreased during the observed period for all education levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ESLET rate tended to decrease, while the proportion of the female po-pulation tends to have higher ESLET levels compared to the male population. However, the ESLET rate is still below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher in rural areas, while in general the tendency has been for it to decrease during the observed period.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Germany. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrde.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Germany. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characte-risation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years significantly increa-sed between 2009 and 2012 and then decreased slightly until 2019. The youth employment rate in Germany is generally increasing, and is at all times significantly higher in rural areas than in cities, towns and suburbs. The reverse trend applies to youth unemployment, which generally decreased in the observed period and which is at all times lowest in rural areas. A look at educational attainment levels showed a slight decline in rural areas of low educated persons between 2009 and 2019, while the proportion of rural youth with medium and high education slightly increased. At the same time, the proportion of early school leavers in rural areas after an increase until 2011, fell sharply and reached the 2009 level again by 2019. Be-ing 9% in 2019, it remains, at least in rural areas, slightly below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Germany is lower in rural areas in all age classes and as a whole decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bosnia-Herzegovina. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrba.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: you-th population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central cri-terion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from ILOSTAT explorer public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 youth population in both rural and urban areas decreased. In general, a strong decline in youth population was observed within all categories, with the most significant decrease within the age group 25-29 (21.57%) and 15-19 (20.35%). Youth employment has tended to decrease overall, and the decrease is stron-ger within rural regions. Interestingly, youth unemployment has also tended to decrease, and a significantly higher share of unemployed youth is from rural regions. A somewhat similar trend is observed in the field of education where the number of those enrolled significantly decreased during the observed period for all education levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ESLET rate tended to decrease, while the proportion of the female po-pulation tends to have higher ESLET levels compared to the male population. However, the ESLET rate is still below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher in rural areas, while in general the tendency has been for it to decrease during the observed period.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bulgaria. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.ndbg.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bulgaria. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; you-th employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characteri-sation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Bulgaria. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strate-gy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bulgaria is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrpt.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Montenegro. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrme.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Montenegro. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2011 and 2019, the youth population aged 15 to 29 years has been decreasing in Montenegro. Youth unemployment in rural areas is more noticeable, even though the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications and young people in the category of early school leavers in rural areas between 2011-2019. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Montenegro is higher in rural areas, compared to urban regions, thus revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nres.2020.12.
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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Croatia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhr.2020.12.
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This report presents the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) in Croatia, aged between 15 and 34 years old, in the period from 2009 until 2019. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth em-ployment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criteria, enabling comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further collapsed into age sub-groups and, when possible, in sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involved des-criptive longitudinal analysis, using figures (e.g., line charts) as well as the calculation of abso-lute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indicators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been decreasing in Croatia. Youth unemployment was marked by two distinct periods, one from 2009 to 2013 (with higher rates of youth unemployment) and another from 2013 to 2019 (with the decrease in unemployment rates, with lower unemployment rates in ci-ties and higher in towns and suburbs and rural areas). In the field of education, however, there has been a decrease of the Croatian population with lower levels of education and an increase of the proportion of those with higher educational attainment. Finally, the propor-tion of NEETs in Croatia is higher in rural areas compared to cities and towns and suburbs, revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Serbia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrrs.2020.12.
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The situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2010-2019) in Serbia is presen-ted in this report. The main criterion for analysis was the degree of urbanisation, where the comparison was done between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities, and the whole country. The data available on EUROSTAT and the national Statistical office of Serbia were used as main resources for statistical interpretation. The statistical procedures used in the report rely on descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g. overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional abso-lute and relative changes between observed years. The analysis of the youth population in Serbia aged 15-24 years in total as well as the youth population for different degrees of urbaisation, for the period 2010-2019, showed a de-creasing trend. In the period 2014-2019 (which is with available data for the case of Serbia) it can be ob-served that the youth employment rate is increasing in all areas of urbanisation. In contrast to the employment, the level of unemployment in Serbia is constantly decreasing in the period 2014-2019. This trend is similar for all three areas of urbanisation.The decrease in the number of early school leavers is registered in the case of entire Serbia, cities, and rural areas. The only trend of increasing of early school leavers’ rate is recorded for the towns and suburbs, for the observed period 2014-2019.In the period 2010-2019, the NEET rate is declining in Serbia for all three degrees of ur-banisation. In comparison to EU countries, Serbia is still significantly above the European average, but with a tendency of reducing the gap.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.
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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.