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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

McAloon, Thomas John Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Developmental trajectories into substance use in adolescence." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30391.

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The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental characteristics of the association between mental health and substance use. N=1182 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years were recruited from schools in Australia. Participants completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach, 1991a) and reported on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, their social ability, their motivation for using substances, their ability to regulate emotion, and the influences of their parents and peers on their substance use. N=561 of time one participants were retained for testing one year later to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from mental health at time one. Results indicated a clear and consistent cross-sectional association between externalising scores on the YSR and use of the three substances, regardless of gender. The relation between internalising scores and substance use was non-significant. When the relation between externalising scores and substance use was assessed for mediation, only the influence of parents and peers was found to be significant. A cross-sectional structural model developed to account for this association was demonstrated to be invariant across the three substances of interest, and across gender, but not age category. There was no evidence that social skills, emotion regulation, or substance use motives, had roles in mediating the relationship between mental health and substance use. A model was developed to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from externalising scores at time one. Results showed that externalising scores predicted increases in alcohol use via parent and peer attitudes. Thus, externalising disposition, in the context of a facilitative social environment, was predictive of an increase in alcohol use over time. Structural models developed to account for the predictive relation between externalising scores and use of cigarettes and marijuana proved unstable and could not be tested. Substance use at time one was not predictive of externalising scores at time two. The results of the present research are discussed in relation to their potential to inform the developmental substance use literature, and efforts directed against the development of substance use problems. Limitations of the present research are noted.

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2

Benzel, Laura Ann 1965. "Drug use and attitudes toward drug use among college church youth group members." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276969.

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A study of data from 85 undergraduate and graduate students involved in church youth groups revealed a significant relationship between degree of religious belief and drug using behavior and attitudes. Highly religious subjects disapproved of drinking alcoholic beverages and used cigarettes and alcohol less than subjects professing lower religiosity. Protestant subjects had more negative attitudes and less personal use of tobacco and alcohol than Catholics. Similar findings pertaining to drug using behavior and attitudes were reported between groups for all other substances.

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3

Robinson, Cara Marie. "Illegal Drug Use, Deviancy and Social Exclusion Amongst Youth." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520884.

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4

Tsang, Wing-keung, and 曾永強. "Cough syrup abuse among young people in Hong Kong: causes of abuse and difficulties of giving up." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977807.

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5

Kavanaugh, Philip R. "Solidarity and drug use in the electronic dance music scene." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.39 Mb., 70 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435827.

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6

Tsui, Lai-lin Lillian, and 徐麗蓮. "A study on stress and youth drug abusers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977819.

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7

Miller, Tiffany. "Social Determinants of Youth Heroin Use." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821411.

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8

Tam, Ian Chi. "Review of research on juvenile drug use :a lesson for Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335271.

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9

Carrano, Jennifer L. "Cumulative Genetic and Environmental Predictors of Youth Substance Use." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2910.

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Thesis advisor: Rebekah Levine Coley
Substance abuse and dependence are among the nation's leading health issues, leading to more illnesses, disabilities, and deaths than any other modifiable health condition. Substance use among youth is of particular concern, as rates are higher than among any other age group and because early use is associated with a higher risk of later abuse and dependence and a higher incidence of related risk-taking behavior. Thus, a better understanding of the causes of substance use problems is a central issue. The primary goal of this study was to examine genetic and environmental predictors of youth alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. This study expands upon extant research by being the first to utilize a genetic risk score (GRS) approach to examine the joint effect of four dopaminergic genetic polymorphisms on substance abuse and dependence, by incorporating cumulative measures of environmental risk and promotive factors, and by examining gene-environment interactions (GxEs) and gender differences in substance use predictors, thus allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of environmental and genetic influences than has previously been attempted. Analyses were conducted on a national longitudinal sample of 1,396 Caucasian youth who participated in surveys and DNA sampling in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, with individuals followed from adolescence (ages 12-18) into early adulthood (ages 24-32). Logistic regression analyses examined main and interactive effects of cumulative environmental risk and promotive factors and genetic risk scores on clinically significant alcohol and drug abuse and dependence in early adulthood. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females to examine gender differences in substance use predictors. Results show that a dopaminergic GRS index significantly predicted the likelihood that female, but not male, youth will meet clinical criteria for substance abuse and dependence, even after accounting for cumulative environmental influences. No evidence of GxE was found. These results provide a better understanding of the etiology of substance abuse and dependence and provide evidence of the utility of GRS methods for studying genetic influences on substance use behaviors
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology

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10

McCoy, Jay Russell. "FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION OF A YOUTH SUMMER DAY PROGRAM (DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291196.

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11

Marshall, Brandon David Lewis. "The epidemiology of methamphetamine use among street youth and injection drug users." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30237.

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Background: Given the limited understanding of the epidemiology of methamphetamine (MA) use among street-involved youth and injection drug users (IDU), this thesis sought to: systematically characterise the evidence base demonstrating associations between MA use and adverse health outcomes among young people; examine the incidence and predictors of MA injection initiation among a cohort of IDU in Vancouver; describe the prevalence and correlates of MA use among sexual minority drug users; determine whether frequent MA injection predicts emergency department (ED) utilisation; and finally, explore the pathways through which MA use drives injection-related risk behaviour including syringe sharing. Methods: Street-involved youth and IDU participating in three open prospective cohort studies were asked to complete semi-annual interviewer-administered questionnaires, provide blood samples for HIV testing, and consent to hospital database linkages. A variety of longitudinal techniques were used to investigate the association between self-reported MA-related outcomes (e.g., initiation, frequent use) and individual, social, and structural determinants of interest. Results: A systematic review identified consistent associations between MA use and a number of health outcomes, including depression, suicidal ideation, and psychosis. Scientific evidence to suggest an association between MA use and a number of previously suggested harms (e.g., infectious disease transmission, dental problems) is equivocal. Some subpopulations, including sexual minority drug users, are more likely to use MA, which appears to exacerbate exposure to HIV-related risks and other vulnerabilities. Longitudinal analysis revealed that young people, non-injection stimulant users, homeless individuals, and those involved in the city’s open drug scene are most likely to initiate MA injection. The injection of MA, particularly frequently, was associated with a number of health and behavioural outcomes, including an increased hazard of ED utilisation and syringe sharing. Barriers to accessing harm reduction and HIV prevention services likely account for many of these relationships. Conclusions: Methamphetamine use is increasingly common among street youth and IDU in Vancouver. Its use and resultant harms appear to be driven by intersecting individual, social, and structural factors. Comprehensive interventions that are based upon sound scientific evidence and that address existing health and social inequities among marginalised populations are required.

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12

Stewart, Breanna C. "The Social Construction of the Prescription Drug Use Problem Among America's Youth." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1376739466.

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13

Cipil, Fatih. "Youth Drug Use in Turkey: A Test of the General Strain Theory." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3096.

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This study examines the effect of strain on youth drug use in Turkey. With its many unexplored fields, Turkey is a haven for social researchers. Adolescent crime and especially drug use is an important yet poorly studied subject in Turkey. Of the many correlates of youth drug use, strain as asserted by the General Strain Theory of Agnew (1985) is chosen as the main explanatory variable in this research. Using Youth in Europe (YIE) survey data administered to a representative sample of high school students in Istanbul City, correlates of marijuana, LSD, amphetamine and ecstasy use among adolescents are analyzed in this study. The logistic regression analyses reveal that, as hypothesized, strain operationalized by the negative life events experienced and having been exposed to physical violence, significantly affect drug use. In order to enhance our understanding of this significance and measure the magnitude of the effect controlling for the effect of other explanatory variables, Post simulation developed and advised by Long and Freese (2006) is used.

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14

Wong, Kai-chung Martin, and 王啟忠. "Policy analysis on youth drug abuse in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46778299.

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15

Thayer, Nancy Lynn. "Children's Conception of the Social and Moral Dilemmas Associated with Drug Use." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4852.

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The use and abuse of drugs among adolescents and adults has prompted a renewed national concern about drug abuse. Educational programs have attempted to provided factual information and create negative attitudes about drug use so that students will decide not to use drugs. Studies have revealed, however, that the drug programs have not been effective in reducing drug use. The present research addresses two primary questions: 1) Are there developmental differences in young persons' perceptions of social and moral dilemmas associated with drug use? and 2) Are gender and race associated with social and moral reasoning about drug use? Semi-structured interviewers were conducted with 32 fourth and 32 eleventh grade students. The interview posed two vignettes about drug-related behavior, including helping behavior. In addition, the interview probed respondents' conceptions of the problems associated with drug use and of the treatment that users and dealers should receive. Content analysis produced 40 codes which reached the reliability criterion of 60 percent agreement. The Kappas ranged from .57 to .91 (m = .66). Chi square tests were conducted, using the variables of race, sex and the thematic categories associated with each question. Of the 26 tests of significance conducted on the variables, two were significant for grade, two were significant for gender and one was significant for race. Eleventh grade students were more likely to specifically reject some category of help than the fourth grade students (x2 = 4.48,p < .05, df = 1). Fourth grade students were more likely to consider teachers as a source of help (x2 = 3.48,p < .06, df= 1). Female students were more likely to acknowledge risk to themselves due to helping (x2 = 4.27,p < .04, df= I). Caucasian students were more likely to acknowledge that there may be risks to the helpee due to helping (x2 = 3.52,p < .06, df= 1). Male students were more likely to want punishment and control of drug dealers (x2 = 5.32,p < .05, df= 1). In general, the :findings indicate that there are fewer developmental, gender and race differences in children's perception of drug use and associated dilemmas than might be expected. Students' descriptions did reveal that they are thinking and reasoning about the information given to them.

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16

Adkins, Gary. """"Point of Death," HIV/AIDS and IV drug use: Youth awareness video project"." School of Native Human Services, 2000. http://142.51.24.159/dspace/handle/10219/445.

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Alcohol and other abuses have had a negative effect on Aboriginal Canadians as a whole. Across Canada, information, personnel, and the availability of services are at fairly close range for most of those wishing to utilize them. However, communities of the N.W.T are widely spread and sometimes do not have the tools necessary to cope with all issues facing them. Isolation, struggle for cultural identity, boredom, and a need to be heard, are some of the issues facing our Northern youth today.

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17

Paskell, Caroline Antonia. "Community action around youth crime, drug-use and anti-social behaviour : who benefits?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415711.

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18

張耀中 and Yiu-chung Edward Cheung. "The effectiveness of prevention intervention for adolescent on drug abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657492.

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Background This paper provides an updated review of the literature on drug prevention programmes (from 2001 to July2011) and reports the findings from these previous studies on the effectiveness and nature of present drug prevention practices. Relevant data on the effectiveness of drug prevention intervention among adolescents has been summarised and examined. In addition, this paper identifies various essential elements that have the potential for creating and providing effective drug prevention strategies, whether to prevent substance misuse or to minimise the harm caused. Different prevention strategies will also be discussed, including: social influence approach, refusal skill training, and motivational interviewing. Design The paper will conduct a review of the previous literature. Aims This literature review proposes to: 1. Review all of the published evidence from research which was conducted between 2001and 2011 on the effectiveness of drug prevention programmes for adolescents. 2. Identify findings and recommendations regarding the content, approaches, format, theoretical bases, and methods associated with an effective drug prevention program. 3. Discuss any potential or proved effective components on a drug prevention program in tackling such drug abuse problems. Methods Two searching engines (i.e. PubMed and Medline) were used to find the relevant papers and journals which have been published within the past ten years (i.e. 2001 to 2011). Studies about the evaluation of the effectiveness of drug education and prevention strategies, targeting the most vulnerable group (i.e. aged between 12 and 25) were included. Results Twenty four studies met the criteria and were reviewed in depth. Thirteen of them evaluated the effectiveness of school-based interventions, including the school-based drug testing program. The remaining papers evaluated the effectiveness of non-school based prevention interventions in different approaches such as social influence, parental cooperation, refusal skills education, and life skills training. Conclusions Social influence approaches were evidenced as the most effective intervention to prevent drug abuse. Interventions that are conducted interactively (e.g. simulated scenario and role-playing) are more effective than providing normative information. Gender differences were found in some of the interventions. However, it is recommended that further research should be conducted to evaluate these results.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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19

Gaus, Joseph Stelmach. "Adolescent substance use as mediated by self reporting of motivation and associated circumstances." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184588.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of crack use among adolescents living in a large southwestern city, and to study relationships between crack use and marijuana use. This included investigating reasons as well as associated circumstances for both crack use and marijuana use; and whether marijuana use would predict crack use. High school seniors (N = 269) were asked to disclose information about their marijuana (and hashish) use and non-use, and crack use and non-use. Preliminary computation of the results revealed only 2.6% of respondents indicating crack use; thus statistical analysis of that data was not warranted. Computation of the results indicated 34% of respondents reporting marijuana use; therefore, the focus of the study shifted to marijuana exclusively, resulting in a final sample size of n = 92. Two specific phenomena were investigated: crack use and marijuana use. Discriminant analysis of the data was performed to (1) measure differences in frequencies (indicated as "seldom" and "occasionally") of respondents' marijuana use a predicted by particular circumstances and reasons for its use; and (2) to measure whether students' marijuana use would predict crack use. Statistical significance using Chi square and canonical correlation was calculated for each set of variables. Chi square (5) = 46.10 yielded significance (p <.001) for five of nine circumstances as predictors of marijuana use: "At a party" was the best discriminating variable. Chi square (4) = 36.73 yielded significance (p <.001) for four of thirteen reasons as predictors of marijuana use; "To get high" was the best discriminating reasons variable. The study succeeded in determining several drug-related attributions: (1) there is one-third less prevalence of crack use among adolescents in the area being researched than is reported nationally; (2) there is about the same prevalence of marijuana use as nationally reported; (3) there are specific associated circumstances which predict frequency of marijuana use; and (4) there are specific associated reasons which predict frequency of marijuana use. Finally, although it is not data-based, marijuana appears to be a predictor of crack use, i.e., all seven crack users reported having used marijuana prior to crack use.

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Hyde, Elizabeth Ann. "Drug use and rurality : a cultural analysis of patterns of use by young people in Britain and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d69b1e30-4c10-4565-8a0f-453ea8fa3c87.

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21

Wong, Man-cheung Barton, and 王文璋. "Case study of young drug abuser in Tsuen Wan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128559.

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22

Lee, Ming-sze, and 李銘詩. "An analysis on the anti-drug policy against youngsters in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46781341.

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23

Van, Hout Marie Claire. "Social capital and the Irish drug scene : rural youth, cocaine and Irish travellers." Thesis, Teesside University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/117965.

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National prevalence surveys indicate that lifetime and recreational drug use among all social classes have increased steadily over the last decade in Ireland (Moran et al., 2001a, Mayock, 2002, National Advisory Committee on Drugs, 2008a). Drugs research has been traditionally based on the identification, weighting and interrelatedness of risk and protective factors within a "risk prevention paradigm". This paradigm has been criticised for its lack of inclusion of individual, group and wider structural aspects, and occurs within a greater awareness of greater social discourse and societal shifts. The research papers in this portfolio of work are thematically analysed and conceptualised within the theoretical framework of cognitive and structural social capital. The descriptive research and later, more conceptual papers investigating drug use among rural youth, Travellers and cocaine use, are thereby explored in terms of the potential ‘normalisation of rural youth drug use’ within contemporary risk discourse, the assimilatory threat of increasing drug use among the ‘Traveller community’., and the emergence of the ‘recreational cocaine user’ in Irish society. The social processes of individualisation, reciprocity and trust which constitute social capital are deemed to provide potent collective frameworks for the navigation of risk in day to day ‘localised’ settings. The ‘interrelated normative frameworks’ and ‘processes of risk neutralisation’ are underpinned within a wider social capital understanding of the meaning of drug activity in associational life based on ‘interpersonal and institutional trust’ and ‘mutual resource acquisition’. Contemporary drug policies must consider the contextual constraints of the ‘risk society’, which impact on inherent individual ‘power resources’, whereby individual agency and drug taking is better understood within situational agency of ‘localised’ social, gender, ethnic and cultural capital.

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24

Casper, Brett Joseph. "Youth's Perceptions of Social and Cultural Dimensions of Drug Use." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4720.

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This study explores youth's perceptions and understanding of the social phenomenon of drugs in our society. Sixty-four students (32 fourth graders and 32 eleventh graders), selected from schools in the Portland Public School District participated individually in a one hour interview where they responded to open ended questions that probed for their perceptions of drug use. Participants were also asked to describe their feelings regarding anti-drug messages they view in the media and their comments regarding the "Just Say NO" program. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed and half were used to develop a code that captured recurring themes in the data. Using the code book, five trained individuals coded the 64 transcripts. Reliability, assessed by computing Cohen's Kappa on half the interviews, ranged from .62 to .75, with an average reliability of .69. Seventeen themes derived from the content analysis were discussed which confirm the dramatic impact the peer group has on drug use as well as demonstrate age differences associated with perceptions of anti-drug messages. One hundred percent of the participants noted that there are peer influences promoting drug use. Eleventh graders were more likely than fourth graders to note that drugs are used as a means to escape, overcome constraints or for pleasurable stimulation. Fourth graders were more positive in their responses to the anti-drug commercials and the "Just Say NO" campaign. This research provides information regarding the perceptions of young people that can potentially broaden the dialogue of program planners as well as increase the effectiveness of anti-drug programs and messages.

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Villaneuva, Merino Mercedes Renee. "Adolescence in middle class Lima (Peru) : a description of social and psychological aspects and the incidence of drug use /." Nijmegen : Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008148429&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Ho, Lap-shun Horace, and 何立信. "The problem of juvenile drug addicting in China: case study in the Guangdong province." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197921X.

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27

Stephens, Robert Patrick. "The drug wave youth and the state in Hamburg, Germany, 1945-1975 /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3033588.

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28

Broad, Barbara Patricia, and n/a. "An analysis of peer drug education : a case study." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060613.132241.

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Drug use and misuse by young people is a problem and concern in the Australian and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) communities. There are concerns regarding illicit and licit drugs but licit drug use has been identified as the major area of concern. Young people in the ACT reflect the drug use/misuse patterns and trends of other states. Commonly used drugs by young people are alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and analgesics. Strategies to address the problem of drug use/misuse by young people include intervention and community drug education programs. Peer drug education (as an example of community drug education), trains young people as peer educators to implement drug education programs with younger age groups. A case study analysis based on qualitative, naturalistic and new paradigm research is the research method used in this thesis. An eclectic model of drug education including key components from a variety of drug education models provides a comprehensive overview of peer drug education. The literature review showed the complexity of influences on drug use/misuse. These influences relate to individual, peer, parental and family, community and societal factors. Peer drug education is generally recognised as an effective drug education strategy. Peer drug education programs (Triple T: Teenagers Teaching Teenagers) were conducted in the ACT from 1988-1990. Reports documenting these programs (including evaluation data) and a literative review are the main data analysed for the case study. The case study analysis of five ACT peer drug education programs and one interstate program showed the key planning issues for effective peer drug education were: collaborative decision making as a central concept; detailed planning and liaison with target groups; established structures within schools and communities to support the trained peer educators; team work and small group work as intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the program; clarification of responsibilities and roles of all personnel involved in the program; and facilitators/leaders with attributes and qualities that encourage peer drug educators as social change agents. Analysis of data from the case study reports showed young people can be effective peer drug educators. Residential programs are preferred over non-residential programs. Peer drug education programs are effective in both school and community agencies. The literature review and analysis of reports also indicated that peer drug education needs to focus on establishing positive norms in groups of young people. Collaborative decision making and positive role modelling assist in the establishment of these norms. Peer drug education links to the wider changes occurring in education and health settings. Peer drug education is about collaborative decision making, social justice, development of key competencies and social change. This thesis confirmed the complexity and dynamic nature of peer drug education and there were many questions raised for further research from the literature review and analysis of program reports.

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29

Christopherson, Bryan Bishop. "Psychosocial maturity and self-reported motivation for use of psychoactive substances among a sample of Arizona youth: Implications for prevention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184353.

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Adolescent drug use motivations were examined from the perspective of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory (1963; 1968) of human development. The study used an existing data base derived from a sample of about 13,000 Arizona students in grades seven through twelve. Two questions were asked. The first examined the students' self-reported perceptions of drug use/nonuse motivations across the four ego-identity stages of Marcia (1966). The second examined drug use motivational perceptions within the four stages. First, approximately 13,000 Young People Survey (Jones, 1986) respondents were classified into the four ego-identity stages for each of two domains, Interpersonal and Ideological (Grotevant & Adams, 1984), according to rules suggested by Adams (1979). A random sample of approximately 200 of these respondents was then selected for the analyses for each of eight categories: Interpersonal achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion; and Ideological achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion. Subject responses to two survey questions were analyzed for the first research question. One survey question had asked the students why they thought people their age used drugs and alcohol, the second survey question asked students who had not used alcohol why they had not done so. The eight analyses revealed that the reported motivations were significantly different (p < .05) across all four ego-identity stages for both domains. The second research question analyzed responses to the survey question dealing with drug use motivations, and tested whether motivational responses discriminated marijuana users from nonusers within each of the four ego-identity stages. Each analysis produced statistically significant results. For achieved subjects, peers, recreation, and curiosity combined to discriminate marijuana users from nonusers (p < .05). For moratorium subjects, it was peers, recreation, and stress (p < .05). For foreclosed subjects, peers, curiosity, and recreation discriminated between users and nonusers (p < .05); and for diffused subjects, it was peers, boredom, and recreation (p < .05). The study indicates that young people use psychoactive substances for reasons which vary according to their level of ego-identity development (psychosocial maturity). Additionally, the study indicates that adolescent drug use motivations also depend upon their experience with drugs.

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Ho, Wing-yin Cecilia. "Outsides on the insides drug use discourse between social workers and young party drug users in the context of Hong Kong disco and party scene /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38881998.

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Kabat, Jessica. "The Relationship Between Youth Perceptions Family Functioning and Substance USe Among Adolescents Who Reside in a Youth Shelter." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/713.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Social Work

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32

Wong, Lai-har Teresa, and 王麗霞. "Drug dependency and the experience of young offenders in a residentialdrug treatment institution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978733.

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33

Fisher, James, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "D.A.R.E. (Drug abuse resistance education) : perceptions of teachers, principals, and school resource officers." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/179.

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This study employs interviews to measure the perceptions of sixteen teachers, nine school principals, and seven School Resource Officers on the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program, offered to grade six students in one small (population approximately 70,000) city in western Canada. Perceptions in three areas are examined: curricular content, program delivery, and efficacy. Subjects overwhelming viewed the curricular content favourably. Similarly, there was strong agreement that the program was well delivered. The efficacy of the program was judged less positively; however, this did not mitigate the subjects' strong desire to continue implementation of the program. These results are consistent with the research literature on DARE which documents the popularity of the program, but acknowledges that it appears to have limited effects upon reducing student drug use. The results of this study are used to examine five options for delivering an in-school program for preventing or reducing drug abuse and violence among students. The options explored range from retaining the DARE program in its current form, to eliminating it, reforming it, implementing an alternative program, or designing an entirely new drug and violence prevention program. The conclusion drawn is that the DARE program should be withdrawn and replaced with an entirely new drug and violence prevention program and curriculum specific to community realities and needs.
vii, 109 leaves ; 28 cm.

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34

Chambers, Catharine Tamara. "Risk and resiliency factors associated with injection drug use among at-risk youth in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13140.

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Background: Street-involved youth are a vulnerable population with respect to injection drug use (IDU) initiation; however, despite being considered an “at-risk” population, many street-involved youth do not use drugs intravenously. The objective of this thesis was to explore risk and resiliency factors associated with IDU among at-risk youth in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia and to determine if these factors differ by gender. Methods: Data were obtained from the Vancouver-subset of the Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth Survey (E-SYS), which collected data from January to November 2006. Logistic regression was performed overall and by gender to identify factors associated with IDU among street-involved youth aged 15 to 25. Results of the E-SYS study were used to inform 16 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with service providers who work with at-risk youth populations in Metro Vancouver. Domain analysis was performed to identify risk and resiliency factors. Results: Among the 195 E-SYS participants, 55 (28.2%) youth reported injecting drugs more than once in their lifetimes. Youth who use injection drugs are entrenched within the street culture and engage in high-risk sexual activities. Males who use injection drugs reported more intense street involvement, while females who use injection drugs reported engaging in sex for trade. Six themes emerged from the service provider interviews: (i) interpersonal relationships for example with family members or peer groups; (ii) social influences such as the normalization and social acceptability of IDU; (iii) structural influences such as the lack of safe, affordable housing; (iv) family history factors including violence, abuse, and neglect as well as parental drug use; (v) individual-level factors such as the development of tolerance to non-injection drugs; and (vi) gender differences related to the youths’ social influences and vulnerabilities on the street. Conclusions: Youth who use injection drugs are more involved with the street culture and engage in sexual behaviours that may increase the risk for HIV, hepatitis C and other sexually-transmitted infections. The results of this study will inform evidence-based, youth-driven intervention strategies in the community. These findings suggest that intervention strategies should focus on the social structural influences around IDU in conjunction with individual-level risk factors.

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35

Cheng, Wai-yip Alfred, and 鄭偉業. "An examination of the relationship between stress and substance abuse in young people in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577330.

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36

Johnson, Candace Sheree. "ADOLESCENT DRUG USE: THE ROLE OF PARENTAL AND PEER FACTORS IN THE SIXTH AND SEVENTH GRADES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998308683.

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37

Woo, Kin-chung Adrian, and 胡建松. "'Tip of the ice-berg': exploratory study on the increasing trend of abusing 'ICE' by young people in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979142.

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38

Zampini, Giulia Federica. "Morality play : a comparative study of the use of evidence in drug and prostitution policy in Australia and the UK." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54392/.

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The idea of evidence-based policy has gained increasing prominence. Much research exists on the subject, particularly tackling the evidence-based policy turn and, subsequently, its critique. A plethora of studies have identified the shortcomings of the evidence-based policy ideal and challenged its supposed linearity. This project aims to provide an understanding of the way in which evidence is utilized in policy, and contribute to this debate by enacting an innovative research design. I am proposing a 2x2 comparative approach, which looks at the use of evidence across two domains, drug and prostitution policy, across two countries, Australia and the UK. A case-based qualitative comparative approach has the potential to offer a certain depth while at the same time providing the opportunity for analytic generalisation. I argue that evidence can be a prime focus for analysis of the policy process, and that through its lenses one can appraise deeper theoretical and epistemological questions about the state in late modern capitalism, the relationship between knowledge and ideology, science and politics, science and values, reason and emotion. The labelling of prostitution and drug policy as morality policies exposes the nature of these domains as morally and politically antagonistic, whilst providing opportunity to reflect on the role of morality in filtering understandings of evidence and shaping policy positions.

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39

Mechammil, Molly. "The Effects of Familism and Sibling Relationships on Mexican-Origin Adolescents' Intentions for Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drug Use." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5169.

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Mexican-origin youth represent a large and growing ethnic minority subgroup, and have disparate risk for early initiation of substance use. Therefore, it is crucial to understand factors that can prevent them from the initiation of substance use at an early age. Previous research has identified positive sibling relationships, lower rates of older sibling deviant behavior, and high levels of family values as important protective factors relevant for early substance use risk for European American youth. However, few studies have examined these influences among Mexican origin adolescents, and generalizability cannot be assumed given the notable differences between Mexican origin and EuropeanAmerican siblings. For example, Mexican origin siblings spend more time together than European-American siblings, and are shaped by many cultural factors, such as traditional family values (familism). The goal of this study was to understand the potential explanatory and interactive effects of familism and sibling relationships on Mexican origin youths’ intentions for using substances. I hypothesized that sibling relationship quality would serve as both a partial mediator and moderator between familism and ATOD use intentions, and that higher levels of older sibling deviance would partially mediate and/or moderate the association between familism and younger sibling ATOD use intentions. I used secondary data to analyze 409 pre-adolescent Mexican origin youth recruited from a metropolitan area in Northern California. None of our hypothesized models were confirmed. Specifically, negative sibling relationship quality did not serve as a moderator (b = -.27, SE = .87, OR = .77, p = .77), nor a mediator (b = -.01, SE = .04, 95% CI = -0.12, .05). between familism and ATOD use intentions. Further, older sibling deviant behavior did not serve as a moderator (b = .38, SEb = .94, OR = 1.47, p = .68), nor a mediator (b = -.00, SE = .04, 95% CI = -0.10, .05) between familism and ATOD use intentions. Despite the null findings, this study has important clinical implications, including the recommendation to promote sibling relationships in prevention programs for Latino youth. There were several limitations of the study which are discussed along with suggestions for future research directions.

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40

Dehar, Edward Basil. "Child welfare professionals' perceptions of drug treatment for foster youth: a needs assessment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2632.

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This study uses a qualitative research design to examine the skills and knowledge that both CPS (Child Protective Service) workers and Foster Care Professionals have regarding AOD (Alcohol and Other Drug) issues. It includes information on professionals' perceptions of whether or not more education in this area is needed, and the impact that these AOD issues are having upon the child welfare / foster care systems.

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41

Donnelly, Neil James Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The use of interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme policies on drug utilisation in Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22509.

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PROBLEM INVESTIGATED: Methodological issues and policy implications arising from the application of interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to assess the impact of Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS) subsidisation policies on drug utilisation in Australia. PROCEDURES FOLLOWED: A critical review of methodological issues relating to the application and analysis of ITS designs was undertaken. This included an examination of drug utilisation data sources in Australia. The PBS policies examined were: (i) the introduction of copayments in 1990; (ii) the introduction of re-supply limits in 1994 and (iii) the introduction of a form of reference pricing in 1998. Monthly aggregate drug utilisation data was obtained from the Australian Department of Health and Ageing. Segmented regression analyses incorporating autocorrelated errors were implemented and statistical diagnostics applied to ensure correct ITS model specification. Alternative seasonal modelling approaches were compared. RESULTS OBTAINED: The copayment ITS evaluation found that while these copayments produced a reduction in the utilisation of essential and discretionary medications, this effect was stronger for discretionary drugs. An unintended policy effect was a large anticipatory increase in drug utilisation during the month prior to the copayments. Repatriation PBS data was also utilised due to the limited number of pre-intervention data points in the Community series. The re-supply limit ITS evaluation found that the 20-day rule markedly reduced the size of the seasonal increase during the month of December. However, logistic regression analyses showed that the size of this reduction attenuated over time, highlighting the need to consider alternative analysis strategies when applying a ITS approach. The reference pricing ITS evaluation found that this policy had achieved its drug utilisation objectives for H2RAs and ACE Inhibitors. However with regard to CCBs, no increase in the utilisation of benchmark priced drug was apparent, which probably reflected clinical concerns at the time about the safety of these drugs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Well implemented ITS analyses provide a valuable tool for evaluating the impact of PBS subsidisation policy change on drug utilisation in Australia. As with any methodology, however, different design and data integrity issues will affect the quality of information provided.

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42

Wong, Kin-lung, and 黃建隆. "Peers and self: a study of peer influence andthe presentation of self in drug abusing youth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46505647.

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43

Ho, Wing-yin Cecilia, and 何穎賢. "Outsiders on the insides: drug use discourse between social workers and young party drug users in the context ofHong Kong disco and party scene." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38881998.

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44

Shiner, Michael John. "Drug use and social change : secondary analysis of the British Crime Survey (1994-8) and Youth Lifestyles Survey (1998/9)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1949/.

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During the second half of the twentieth century illicit drug use went from being something that was very unusual to something that most young people had at least some experience of. This apparent transformation has been attributed to the advent of post-modernity and is said to require a new explanatory framework. Established perspectives, it is argued, have been rendered obsolete as drug use has moved from the margins to the mainstream of British youth culture and as traditional distinctions between users and non-users have disintegrated. Based on two large-scale nationally representative household surveys, this thesis examines the evidence for such claims. It begins by developing an empirically grounded classification of drug use, before going on to consider how young adults' use of illicit drugs varies according to a range of characteristics. Significant differences are noted on the basis of demographic characteristics, broader lifestyle choices and position in the life-course. These differences show that recreational drug use typically occurs in the context of a distinctly hedonist lifestyle which is heavily concentrated among young people in the early stages of the transition into adulthood. Alongside active participation in the night-time economy, regular binge-drinking and frequent drunkenness, drug use appears to provide young people with a means of making sense of their position in the social structure and celebrating freedom from adult roles and responsibilities. It follows from these findings that increases in drug use have been facilitated by the cultural and structural changes associated with development of modernity, particularly the extension of early adult transitions and the growing emphasis on leisure. That said, increases in drug use have not taken the sudden or dramatic form that is sometimes suggested and this implies a certain degree of continuity. It also indicates that established perspectives have rather more to offer than is generally supposed.

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45

Rich, Edna Grace. "Exploring perceived reasons and risk factors for illicit drug use among youth in the Western Cape: implications for primary prevention." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6137.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Social Work)
Globally, drug abuse among youth is recognised as one of our greatest health and social problems and, as in other countries, South Africa is battling with this phenomenon. Drug abuse among youth (including children and adolescents) is on the increase, and a National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, conducted at High Schools in South Africa, reveals that overall, almost 50% of grade 8-11 learners had used alcohol, and 13% had indulged in cannabis use in their lifetime. Drug abuse at an early age has been associated with various problems, such as risky sexual behaviours, health problems, depression, crime, and ultimately drug addiction, which often occur at a later age. A better understanding of the perceived reasons and the risk factors that influence adolescent drug use is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies.

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46

Rich, Edna Grace. "Exploring perceived reasons ands risk factors for illicit drug use among youth in the Western Cape: Implications for primary prevention." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6081.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Social Work)
Globally, drug abuse among youth is recognised as one of our greatest health and social problems and, as in other countries, South Africa is battling with this phenomenon. Drug abuse among youth (including children and adolescents) is on the increase, and a National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, conducted at High Schools in South Africa, reveals that overall, almost 50% of grade 8-11 learners had used alcohol, and 13% had indulged in cannabis use in their lifetime. Drug abuse at an early age has been associated with various problems, such as risky sexual behaviours, health problems, depression, crime, and ultimately drug addiction, which often occur at a later age. A better understanding of the perceived reasons and the risk factors that influence adolescent drug use is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies.

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47

Rungani, Judith. "Drug abuse in selected Grahamstown schools." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004784.

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The study explores drug abuse by learners in selected Grahamstown high schools. The study`s main concern is that drug abuse by learners is on the rise but yet there is less research on the drugs which are being used and the factors which motivate the learners to use such drugs. There are several drug abuse prevention strategies which are being implemented but yet they seem not to be very effective. It is in this frame of reference that this study saw it vital to focus on drug abuse by high school learners in Grahamstown. The study aims to identify the most commonly abused drugs by learners in the high schools of Grahamstown and the reasons why they use these drugs. The study made use of the mixed method research that is making use of both qualitative and quantitative research. The questionnaire was the instrument of data collection in quantitative data and interviews for the qualitative data. The packages which were used for the analysis of data include the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) V8 which was used to provide descriptive analysis and correlations. The findings of the study establish that the commonly abused drugs by learners are: alcohol with 58%, followed by cigarettes 22%, hookah-pipe 9%, dagga 7%. The main reasons why learners use drugs are: peer pressure, role models, availability, environment, and curiosity. Differences in drug use between male and female learners were noted. Twenty-five percent of the male learners and 16% of the female learners reported to be using drugs. In the view of these results, the researcher recommends that a comprehensive drug abuse prevention framework be formulated which focuses on preventing drug abuse at individual, family and community levels.

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48

Swarts, Brigitte Stephanie. "The inevitability of us :exploring the risk and protective factors relating to the use and / or rejection of methamphetamine amongst youth in Manenberg." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6991_1298285933.

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This study presents a discursive journey with regard to the risk and protective factors confronting individuals who engage in methamphetamine use within the Manenberg area. Given that this journey requires a cautious and sensitive approach to the meaning making of the lived experiences of the six (6) individual users (the informant base)
the study adopted an analysis process that would allow for a guided &ldquo
tour&rdquo
of these experiences. In doing so, the study made use of the grounded theory method that allowed for this guided &ldquo
tour&rdquo
to be fully anchored in the collected data. External to this data, and once the data emerged as engageable themes, the study introduced, relevantly so, Bronfenbrenner&rsquo
s social-ecological model of human development, so to multiply and deepen the meanings embedded within the data. The merging of this external frame, provided by Bronfenbrenner&rsquo
s model, and the rich data provided by the six (6) informants, uncovered critical themes in understanding the risk and protective factors at play within Manenberg. These themes relate to the historical identity of Manenberg, given the history of Apartheid, the role of the local community and its perceived tolerance of the practice of drug use, which is further echoed in the identity of the family and its limited ability to support drug users in the face of ever-growing poverty. The themes also uncovered the bipolarity in the practice of drug trade and gangsterism as serving a subsistence function, at one level, and an exploitative function at another. Furthermore, the study solidified traditional views that the peer collective is, indeed, a critical actor on the stage of drug use and that the individual (as an actor) continues to be confronted by a script of poverty and disillusionment. This script, as will be illustrated, is also active in preconceived notions of gender stratification.

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49

Rioux, Aislinn R. "Community, Family and Peer Influences on Alcohol, Marijuana, and Illicit Drug Use of Native American Youth: An Analysis of Protective Factors." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302008-144332/.

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Using the 2004 Montana State Needs Assessment Prevention Youth Survey data, a cross-sectional sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade Montana Native American public school children (n=1611), this study examines hypotheses pertaining to the ability and influence of measures drawn from social bonding, social learning, and social disorganization theories to account for variations in self-reported lifetime and thirty day use of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs of Native American youth residing on and off reservations. The results derived from ordinary least squares regression equations show significant predictability for family, peer, and community variables and the results for the independent sample t-test show significant differences in the influence of the theoretical indicators between the on and off reservation sub-samples. The results suggest there are multiple influences of protective factors on self-reported use of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs and these differ for Native American adolescents who reside on and off reservations. Contributions to the literature along with suggestions for future research are discussed.

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50

West, Bethany A. "A Closer Look at Gender Specific Risks in Youth Suicidal Behavior Trends: Implications for Prevention Strategies." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12052008-154812/.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Monica H. Swahn, committee chair; Frances McCarty, committee member. Description based on contents viewed June 19., 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).

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