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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Youth Attitudes on Drugs'

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Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Köhler, Erik, and Kim Einhorn. "Social Identity’s Role in Illicit Drug Consumption Among Swedish Youth in Affluent Areas : A Qualitative Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103601.

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Background and aim: The consumption of illicit drugs remains stable among youths in Sweden, yet an increase in consumption has been observed in affluent areas. This study aims to explore the reasons for illicit drug use in these areas and if this could be further understood using Social Identity Theory. Methods: Twenty participants from four high schools in an affluent municipality participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews regarding substance use. The interviews were coded using thematic analysis and six themes emerged. Results: Social influence was the prominent influence for illicit drug use. Furthermore, this use was normalized and availability was high. The influence of family norms and outspoken negative effects of drugs caused a decrease in consumption. Conclusion: These results are in accordance with previous research claiming social influence on illicit drug use, and further confirms this in an affluent area. Social Identity Theory (i.e. how informants categorize, identify and compare themselves with their social group) had an impact on consumption.

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2

Benzel, Laura Ann 1965. "Drug use and attitudes toward drug use among college church youth group members." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276969.

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A study of data from 85 undergraduate and graduate students involved in church youth groups revealed a significant relationship between degree of religious belief and drug using behavior and attitudes. Highly religious subjects disapproved of drinking alcoholic beverages and used cigarettes and alcohol less than subjects professing lower religiosity. Protestant subjects had more negative attitudes and less personal use of tobacco and alcohol than Catholics. Similar findings pertaining to drug using behavior and attitudes were reported between groups for all other substances.

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3

Townsend, Lisa Dawn. "The Conceptual Adequacy of the Drug Attitude Inventory For Measuring Youth Attitudes Toward Psychotropic Medications: A Mixed Methods Evaluation." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1216162396.

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4

Wong, Man-cheung Barton, and 王文璋. "Case study of young drug abuser in Tsuen Wan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128559.

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5

Washington, Gregory. "An analysis of the influence of afrocentric values and ethnic identity on the drug attitudes of African-American male youth." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2003. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/892.

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This study examines the factors contributing to the attitudes pre-adolescent African-American males develop regarding drug usage. The sample of the study was composed of 61 pre-adolescent African-American males who were residents of a public housing complex in Atlanta, Georgia. This is a poor community plagued by illicit drug activity and related crime that contributes to concerns about the negative impact this environment has on the lives and attitudes of young African-American males. The study was based on the premise that a high level of Afrocentric values and a positive ethnic identity could be correlated to the presence of healthy drug attitudes in African-American male youth. This could be particularly significant for young African-American males because they have historically experienced greater levels 1 of drug- related problems. The Afrocentric conceptual framework was utilized to explain the relationships between the variables in the study. An exploratory analysis approach was used to analyze data gathered from the 61 families in the University Homes. A research design that included quantitative and qualitative components was utilized. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted via descriptive statistics, the Pearson r correlation coefficient, and logistic binary regression. In addition, a focus group was used to add depth of understanding about the cultural constructs. The researcher found no significant relationship between Afrocentric values and drug attitudes nor ethnic identity and drug attitudes. Spirituality was significantly correlated with the drug attitudes of the 11- and 12-year-olds in the sample. Spirituality, a component of the independent variable Afrocentric values, explained some variance in drug attitudes of the sample. The qualitative analysis revealed a consistent sense of ethnic pride and group belonging. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that spirituality is an Afrocentric value that may contribute to the effectiveness of drug use prevention programs. The findings from the qualitative research suggest the group belonging component of ethnic identity may have implications for programs that contribute to the positive socialization of young African-American male youth. There are also implications for future research that examines the relationships between Afrocentric values and the drug attitudes of the older pre-adolescents.

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6

Cheung, Hung-yan Joseph, and 張洪恩. "A study of the gospel drug rehabilitation programme at Bliss Lodge Youth Training Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250178.

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7

Curry, Kimberly Sue, and Frank Thomas Jr Pullara. "The effects of HIV/AIDS education curriculum on the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of college freshmen." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1569.

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8

Dehar, Edward Basil. "Child welfare professionals' perceptions of drug treatment for foster youth: a needs assessment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2632.

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This study uses a qualitative research design to examine the skills and knowledge that both CPS (Child Protective Service) workers and Foster Care Professionals have regarding AOD (Alcohol and Other Drug) issues. It includes information on professionals' perceptions of whether or not more education in this area is needed, and the impact that these AOD issues are having upon the child welfare / foster care systems.

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9

Ali, Mohamed Kaltum. "Perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use among Swedish youth : A quantitative study from a public health perspective." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55093.

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Background: Risk perception has been studied concerning the use of marijuana and it impacts the intention to use that specific substance. Aim: The aim was to study the association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use among Swedish youth after controlling for gender, age, and education. The aim was also to study whether the association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use was different according to gender. Method: The thesis project was based on data from the Flash Eurobarometer 330 - Youth Attitudes on Drugs. Results: When age and education were controlled for, both among Swedish youth and among male participants, the perceived risk had an association with cannabis use - higher risk perception entailed a lower use. Discussion: The association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use appears to be due to the impact of risk perception on behaviour. Conclusion: By preserving the risk perception that Swedish youth have of cannabis, it may be possible to protect them from the potential harm that cannabis use cause.

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10

Wong, Lai-har Teresa, and 王麗霞. "Drug dependency and the experience of young offenders in a residentialdrug treatment institution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978733.

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11

Shildrick, Tracy Anne. "'Spectaculars', 'trackers' and 'ordinary' youth : youth culture, illicit drugs and social class." Thesis, Teesside University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411192.

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12

Werb, Daniel. "Initiation of illicit drugs among youth : determinants and responses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29571.

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Background: Many youth initiate illicit drugs at a high level. Further, despite the application of preventive interventions to reduce this phenomenon and related harms, there is little evidence that current efforts to prevent illicit drug use and problematic drug use are effective. This research project was therefore undertaken to investigate determinants of, and popular responses to, the initiation of illicit drug use among youth. Methods: Meta-analytic techniques were used to quantify the evidence on the effectiveness of anti-illicit drug public service announcements. Further, data from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of homeless and street-involved youth between the ages of 14 and 26, were analyzed using linear regression analysis to determine factors associated with residing in Vancouver’s downtown eastside (DTES), the location of a large open air illicit drug market, and in the downtown south (DTS), an adjacent neighbourhood. Specifically, between September 2005 and December 2007, participants completed a baseline questionnaire which elicted information on income sources, drug use behaviours, sexual behaviours, and the initiation of illicit drugs. Results: We identified 7 randomized trials (n = 5,428) and 4 observational trials (n = 17,404). A meta-analysis of eligible randomized trials demonstrated no significant effect, while observational studies showed evidence of both harmful and beneficial effects. Further, among 222 youth participants, having a primary illicit income source and injection heroin use were significantly associated with residing in the DTES in multivariate analysis. No significant differences in risk of drug trade and sex trade involvement, crack use, injection cocaine use, and injection crystal methamphetamine use were found between youth residing in each neighbourhood. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that current approaches to the prevention of the initiation of illicit drug use among youth may be limited. Further, the results of our linear regression analysis suggest that a consideration of social and structural factors may increase the effectiveness of current preventive interventions. As such, policymakers should consider reorienting current approaches to illicit drug prevention among youth.

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13

Tse, Yat Ching Cindy. "Environmental attitudes and travel behavior of youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43481.

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Environmental problems relating to transportation have increased in severity in many cities within Canada. Reduction in emissions generated from the transport sector will require far reaching technological advances as well as behavioral shifts by the population. This study is carried out with a focus on influencing youths to increase the use of sustainable transportation. Studying the attitudes of young people towards the environment is important given they will be the ones affected by environmental issues arising from our current actions and consequently will be the individuals who will ultimately have to come up with resolutions. In preparation to address future transportation issues, it is critical to conduct researches with a focus on children and young people as attitudes toward the environment begin to develop in childhood. This study surveyed over 1000 students from 11 secondary schools in Richmond, Canada and Vancouver, Canada. The purpose of the survey is to examine the relationship between environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and travel behavior. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to quantify environmental attitudes as latent variables, as well as to examine the relationship between environmental knowledge, attitudes and travel behavior while controlling demographic and socioeconomic variables. The results indicate that 1) Students who have better knowledge on environmental issues hold higher levels of proenvironmental attitudes; 2) Students who use active transportation, public transit and school buses to/from school have stronger pro-environmental attitudes than students who travel to/from school by car; 3) Environmental attitude is found to be a mediating variable between environmental knowledge and travel behavior; and 4) Environmental knowledge has a significant impact on the relationship between environmental attitudes and travel behavior. Based on these findings, it is evident that continual improvement of the environmental education curriculum is needed. It is recommended that the curriculum should not be limited to knowledge-based education on transportation. Rather, it should include activities that will help induce a positive environmental attitude. It was also found that social media and school courses are major sources of environmental information for the students. Therefore, educational institutes, government, environmental NGOs should continue to leverage these channels to effectively disburse information.

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14

Kwan, Ming-tak Kalwan. "Drugs, peers, gangs, and crime : an interactional model /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470563.

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15

Martin, Natalia Wentink. "Youth conceptualisations and attitudes towards anti-social behaviour." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486935.

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Through a series of studies, the ways in which youths conceptualise anti-social behaviour, and evaluate and modify their judgements about anti-social behaviours is examined. This research examines and proposes a model linking conceptualisations, attitudes, and behaviour which takes into account the manner in which attitudes can change according to the perceived target status of the victim. The proposed model contextualizes Heider's Balance theory (1958) in an intervention context in which target status and reconceptualisation playa central role. The first set of analyses examined the ways in which youths conceptualise anti-social behaviour the Multiple Sorting Task. Data was analysed using Multiple Scalogram Analysis (MSA). Conceptualisations were compared by age and offending history. The second set of analyses examines the structure of youth attitudes towards antisocial behaviour using a self-report questionnaire . It is argued that participant attitudes are a function of the target or victim relative to the offender; the notion of a target status resides within a socio-cultural framework of rights and duties in society (Moghaddam & Vuksanovic, 1990; Moghaddam, 2000). Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-1) revealed general themes of pro-social and anti-social behaviours and specific themes in relation to the anonymous and familiar target status relative to the offender The third set of analyses is based a 'before and after' study of a programme targeting fire-related anti-social behaviour. Smallest Space Analysis was used to examine the structural aspects of attitude change before and after the intervention. This analysis revealed the ways is which attitudes towards specific behaviours are conceptualised and re-conceptualised in relation to each other. The process of attitude change is discussed in relation to Heider's Balance Theory and discusses the role of a change in target status relative to the offender as a key feature ofattitude change. The implications of these findings for understanding-youth anti-social behaviour are discussed. Applications of these findings in relation to future programmes targeting anti-social behaviour are outlined, and future directions for research into youth conceptualisations, attitude, and attitude change are proposed.

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16

Giesler, Aaron. "Common practices and attitudes of effective youth mentors." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1223.

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17

Hjalmsdottir, Andrea. ""Reality bites" : attitudes towards gender equality among Icelandic youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13141.

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Time has been on the side of egalitarian gender attitudes in industrialized Western countries, and Iceland ranks among the highest nations in terms of economic, educational, political and health equality. Although the dominant discourses have supported the idea that gender equality has already been achieved, or will be with the aging and active participation of future generations, serious gender inequalities persist, including a wide gender pay gap and a relatively traditional division of household labour. In stark contrast with dominant discourse, this thesis supports recent research which has found that young people hold less egalitarian views on gender issues than older generations. While old-fashioned essentialist claims of natural gender remain muted in contemporary public discourse in Iceland, a new type of essentialism has emerged that combines conservative gender attitudes with neo-liberal ideas. This study documents attitudes towards gender equality among 10th grade students in Akureyri, Iceland, through a qualitative analysis of five focus group discussions: two all-boys and two all-girls groups plus one mixed group. The participants’ attitudes toward the gendered division of labour within the public and the private sphere are explored in light of the possible influences of pop culture and contemporary neo-liberal and postfeminist discourses.

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18

Birnkrant, Jennifer M. "Attitudes Toward Trans Youth Scale: Development and Initial Validation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522971640913915.

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19

Kwan, Hang-kay. "An exploratory study of adolescent attitudes towards laws prohibiting underage consensual sex." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622065.

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20

Schweitzer, Donald Dale. "Runaway and Homeless Youth: Changing the Discourse by Legitimizing Youth Voice." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/292.

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Undoubtedly, runaway and homeless youth (RHY) are one of the most vulnerable, yet underserved groups in our country. Well-meaning advocates have developed programs and services in an attempt to remedy this, yet there is little evidence of their effectiveness. Moreover, according to the research literature, a low utilization rate of current services by youth is a major concern. From a constructivist theoretical position, this study posits that the missing element is youth voice and the researcher hired formerly homeless youth to conduct the analysis of focus group data gathered from RHY who were participating in a range of services funded by the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act. By employing participatory action research (PAR) methods, this study privileges youth voice and asks two research questions; 1) what are current program models doing right with regards to RHY services, and 2) what can be learned by employing youth analysts in research. Findings indicate that how services are offered is as important as what services are offered. Additionally, by privileging youth and providing meaningful participation, youth are exceptionally capable to develop and evaluate services, programs and policy. Youth workers must continue to privilege youth voice if they hope to effect change in the lives of young people. If not, services will continue to play a key role in keeping RHY as one of the most marginalized groups in our society.

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21

Dickson, Laurie Marie. "A developmental perspective of youth gambling attitudes : implications for prevention." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29499.

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The present study examined developmental and gender differences in youths' attitudes toward gambling. Phase I of the study involved a quantitative analysis of gambling attitudes among 1408 students from Elementary and Secondary Schools. Participants ranging from 8 to 20 years of age completed the Attitudes and Gambling Activities Questionnaire (AGAQ) and scaled questions designed to delineate the perceived degree of skill and luck involved in various gambling activities. The frequency and reasons youth engage in specific gambling activities and explored attitudes and their relationship to perceptions of perceived control over gambling outcomes. Results revealed age and gender related attitudes toward gambling that may increase their vulnerability to developing problem gambling were examined. Older youth expressed more tolerance of gambling activities while young children under-estimated the addictive nature of gambling and over-estimated the degree of control over gambling outcomes. Males expressed being less fearful of getting caught gambling and had much more tolerant attitudes toward gambling behaviors. Furthermore, those youth found to have a greater number of permissive and/or irresponsible attitudes also had greater misperceptions concerning the degree of skill involved in gambling. Phase II of the study elaborated upon quantitative findings through focus group analysis involving 59 participants in grades 4, 7, 9 and 11. Results expanded upon findings regarding youths' perceptions of gambling and attitudes towards gambling at school, and outline youths' understanding of responsible gambling. Findings are discussed in terms of their utility for youth problem gambling prevention programming and future directions for research are suggested.

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22

Westberg, Annika. "Becoming an Adult : Living Conditions and Attitudes among Swedish Youth." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-522.

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23

Sylva-Givens, Karen AnnMaurisa. "Female Parents' Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions About Youth Gun Crimes." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/405.

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Youth gun crime is an important public health issue that affects many communities in the United States. Since 2012, there were over 30,000 gun-related deaths in the United States. Gun violence remains the leading cause of death for young people ages 15-24. This phenomenological study examined single female parents' attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the influences and causes of youth gun crimes. The purposive sample drew from 10 single female parents of youth ages 14-17 charged with gun crimes. Sutherlands' (1974) differential association theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. The mothers participated in a series of in-depth, face-to-face interviews; these data were analyzed via inductive and emergent analysis. Results of the study indicated that these 10 parents were attempting to convey the correct message to their children to avoid gun violence. This message did not resonate due to environmental peer influence. One finding was the perception that peer influence and environmental factors favorable to gun violence hampered the impact of the parents in getting the message to youths to avoid youth gun violence. The study findings suggest that curtailing gun violence will require collaboration amongst community members. In addition, mothers need to be armed with resources that address the issues of peer pressure and community violence. The results of the study can impact positive social change by informing parents to be more empowered to seek resources to combat peer pressure and gun crimes. For this reason, the study should provide information useful for individual families in curtailing youth gun violence, thus impacting the community and the lives of many.

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24

Twigg, Barry. "The attitudes of young people to the non-use or use of drugs and to drugs education and prevention strategies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5587.

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The study explores the attitudes of young people in the later years of their secondary education to the non-use or use of drugs and to the drugs education and prevention strategies that they have experienced. It takes particular account of the views of the majority of young people who do not use drugs other than the occasional use of alcohol. It highlights the problems experienced by some young people as a result of their legal use of tobacco. To contextualise the study there is an exploration of the drugs education and prevention environment, and an in-depth examination of the policies of central and local government and voluntary organisations. In particular it looks at the influence of the preventionist and harm reductionist perspectives and their influence on policy and practice. The subject is considered to be particularly complex and sensitive in nature, and these aspects have major implications for any study of it, especially among young people. The methodology and research approach used questionnaires self completed by young people, which provided both quantitative and qualitative databases. In addition, in-depth recorded interviews with individual young people and the recorded dialogue between young people were also used, which produced extensive qualitative data. The findings highlight major inadequacies in our knowledge of young people's non-use or use of drugs and the motivations underlying this. This in turn contributes to major deficiencies in drug education and prevention provision, with widespread dissatisfaction of young people and of some practitioners as a result. It makes recommendations for the improvement of drugs education and prevention strategies in general, and in relation to tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use in particular.

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25

Leung, Pui-yiu Irene. "The impact of participation in community organizations on the political attitudes and behaviours of youths." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13115364.

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26

Pecqueur, Christophe. "Émerger à l’altérité : vers une approche anthropologique de la condition juvénile : l’exemple des pratiques festives et des usages de substances psychoactives." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20006/document.

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Cette recherche s’articule autour d’un double questionnement sur les phénomènes sociaux d’adolescence et de jeunesse. D’abord, une réflexion critique sur l’usage des notions d’adolescence et de jeunesse par la sociologie nous conduit à développer, en nous appuyant notamment sur les apports d’autres disciplines comme la psychanalyse, une approche anthropologique de la condition juvénile. Celle-ci est alors définie à l’articulation du processus général d’émergence au principe d’altérité, qui marque anthropologiquement la sortie de l’enfance, et des conditions sociales d’exercice de ce processus. De là, nous rendons compte de la singularité de l’expérience contemporaine de la juvénilité à travers l’exemple des pratiques festives et des usages de substances psychoactives. L’univers social des pratiques festives juvéniles, notamment marqué par la mise en scène de l’excès, apparaît alors comme un espace majeur de socialisation des jeunes générations. S’il peut avoir une fonction pour symboliser la coupure avec le monde de l’enfance qui accompagne l’entrée dans l’adolescence, il n’est pas ou peu opérant dans le processus d’agrégation au monde adulte
This research is based on a double questioning about the social phenomena of adolescence and youth. First, a critical reflection on the use of the notions of adolescence and youth by sociology leads us to develop, relying in particular on the contributions of other disciplines such as psychoanalysis, an anthropological approach to the juvenile condition. Then it is defined at the articulation of the general process of emergence to "principle of otherness", which marks anthropologically the exit of childhood, and the social conditions of exercise of this process. From here we report on the singularity of the contemporary experience of youthfulness through the example of festive practices and psychoactive substances uses. The social universe of festive youthful practices, particularly marked by the staging of excess, appears as a major area of socialization of the younger generations. While it may have a function to symbolize the break with the world of childhood that accompanies entry into adolescence, it is not or little effective in the process of aggregation to the adult world

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27

Ramnarain, Manishka, and Kirsten Kamphuis. "Consumer attitudes toward mobile advertising : A study of the Dutch youth." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18349.

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Purpose: To study the Dutch youth’s perceptions on and attitudes toward mobile advertising. Background: Consumers are living within a media saturated environment, which limits the effectiveness of advertising. This has led to advertising clutter, most prevalent in traditional mass media. The advertising clutter has resulted in marketers moving their advertising focus toward less cluttered mediums, such as mobile advertising. Mobile advertising allows companies to specifically target the right consumers by looking at age, gender and geographic regions etc. Being able to advertise to such a specified target group is an advantage for companies, however the question remaining is how consumers perceive this form of specific targeting advertising. Method: In this research the deductive approach has been implemented in order to answer the research questions. Both qualitative and quantitative data has been collected through a questionnaire and focus group. The statements used in the questionnaire are based on previous studies and theories. The data retrieved through the questionnaire has been analysed using SPSS. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the Dutch youth mainly sees the originality, interactivity and entertainment levels of mobile advertising as positive in comparison to traditional forms of advertising. Furthermore, message content was shown to be an important factor in order for the consumer to perceive the advertising as positive. The main aggravating attributes that come with mobile advertising are the perceived risks, like receiving too many advertising messages. Furthermore it was found that the more positive the attitude toward advertising in general is, and the more the consumer likes searching for product information, the more positive the attitude toward mobile advertising will be. The main purpose of this research was to find out what the attitudes of the Dutch youth are toward mobile advertising. The statistical results showed a negative attitude toward mobile advertising. However, the qualitative results showed that when mobile advertising is used in a proper way, consumers’ attitudes can be positive.

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28

Stephens, Robert Patrick. "The drug wave youth and the state in Hamburg, Germany, 1945-1975 /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3033588.

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29

Méndez, Mónica. "Experiences, attitudes and beliefs about interpersonal violence a study on Costa Rican adolescents /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002105.

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Rizzardo, Shirin. "An evaluation of Canadians values and attitudes towards expensive drugs for rare diseases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46537.

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Background: Expensive drugs for rare diseases pose a great challenge for decision-makers involved in determining their funding status due to their extremely high treatment costs, the small patient populations, the uncertainty of evidence for treatment effectiveness and a moral obligation to provide treatment where there is no alternative. The decision to fund a medication is traditionally and primarily guided by two factors: the drug’s cost and its effectiveness. This efficiency-based method is useful in guiding funding decisions for common medications, however is insufficient for rare diseases as they are unlikely to meet current cost-effectiveness thresholds, and moreover does not consider values associated with rarity including disease severity, unmet need and equity. Decision-makers are using values to determine rare disease funding status; however, it is unknown whether these decisions reflect societal priorities. Should society value rarity, this may provide decision-makers with the justification for the funding of expensive drugs which serve a disproportionately small population. Objectives: Identify the public values on health technologies, and the criteria society feels are most important for guiding priority-setting for health technology assessment and drug-reimbursement; Determine the relative importance of rarity; Determine whether society values rarity and accepts the opportunity costs associated with funding high-cost medications. Methods: We conducted an online survey of 2211 Canadians where multiple methodologies including simple ranking with an analytic hierarchy process, measures of attitudes towards equity statements, and trade-off questions were employed. Results: The values most important to Canadians for drug-reimbursement prioritization are drug safety, effect on quality and quantity of life, and certainty of efficacy. Factors related to rare diseases such as severity and equity are important factors to Canadians; however, rarity alone was of relatively low importance for the priority-setting of orphan drug treatment. Although society was not found to be willing to accept the opportunity cost for funding a rare disease if it is at the cost of a common condition, they prefer funding of a rare disease over a non-health benefit. Equity and equal access to drug treatments are important factors to Canadians, though rarity alone is not justification for prioritizing a drug treatment for funding.

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Romera, Liana Abrão. "Juventude, lazer e uso abusivo de alcool." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275170.

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Orientador: Heloisa Helena Baldy dos Reis
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: A relação que na contemporaneidade se estabeleceu entre juventude, lazer e o uso abusivo de álcool tem representado tema de preocupações e estudos de diferentes segmentos da sociedade, devido aos impactos negativos de curto e médio prazo que vem ocasionando. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca aprofundar o conhecimento destes sujeitos e fenômenos a partir dos locais onde eles ocorrem, na tentativa de melhor compreendê-los. A relação entre lazer, juventude e uso de drogas representa um dos grandes fenômenos da contemporaneidade, promovendo conseqüências diretas e indiretas em diferentes segmentos sociais. O álcool figura como droga lícita e, portanto, livremente comercializada no país, estando classificada, segundo pesquisas do CEBRID, como a substância de maior preferência de uso entre o público jovem brasileiro. Acompanhando tal situação, o álcool está presente na maioria dos casos de acidentes automobilísticos, brigas, agressões, discussões e mortes, especialmente entre o público jovem. Tal fato é resultado das reações que provoca no sistema nervoso central, fazendo com que a pessoa mude rapidamente de estado mental, indo de muito alegre para muito triste, de muito dócil para muito agressivo, além de ter bastante distorcida sua capacidade de ponderar, analisar e perceber as situações à sua volta. O esporte espetáculo é um dos mais importantes eventos de lazer do país, que tem como público, na maior parte, jovens, que formam as torcidas, e estes, por sua vez, têm sido atores de cenas nas quais a violência e a agressão aparentemente gratuita são facilmente observadas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar o padrão de uso de álcool junto à população jovem, freqüentadora de espetáculos esportivos de futebol, elegendo, para tanto, os jovens torcedores de agremiações futebolísticas do país. Com utilização de método qualitativo, o trabalho foi realizado com três enfoques: bibliográfico, documental e de campo, supondo a inserção do pesquisador em estádios de futebol em eventos de esporte espetáculo, com aplicação do AUDIT, instrumento para avaliar o grau de comprometimento entre sujeito e álcool. Foram pesquisados 263 sujeitos em diferentes ocasiões de espetáculos futebolísticos no estado de São Paulo durante o Campeonato Paulista de Futebol nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Lançar-se ao desafio de abordar alguns pontos existentes entre juventude, lazer e drogas, a partir de suas inter-relações na sociedade atual, representa importante exercício de compreensão do fenômeno, com intuito de provocar a reflexão e o debate necessários, tomando o devido cuidado para que não se incorra em concepções moralistas e preconceituosas, imprimindo aos temas propostos uma compreensão simplista e reducionista. Compreender o fenômeno e as possíveis relações estabelecidas entre estes e a condutas de risco, por meio da detecção dos padrões de uso de álcool nas atividades vivenciadas no tempo livre, poderá remeter-nos à proposição de ações que contribuam tanto para a diminuição dos índices de violência quanto para a diminuição dos padrões de uso de álcool entre a população estudada
Abstract: The contemporaneous relationship which has been established between abusive use of alcohol, youth and leisure has been the focus of concern and the theme of studies of different societal segments, due to both long and short term negative impacts that this has aroused. For this reason, this research aims to widen the knowledge about these subjects and phenomenon within the context where it occurs, in an attempt to have a better understanding of them. The relationship between leisure, youth and the use of drugs is regarded as one of the biggest contemporaneous phenomenon which has led to direct or indirect consequences in different segments of society. Alcohol is under the heading of licit drugs; therefore, it is licitly commercialized in this country. It is classified, according to CEBRID, as the favorite substance of consumption among Brazilian youngsters. Along with this situation, alcohol accounts for most car accidents, fights, assaults, arguments and deaths, especially among that age group. This is due to the reaction that it arouses within the nervous system, causing the person¿s mental state to change rapidly, going from a very euphoric to a very deep state of sadness, from very sweet to very aggressive mood. Furthermore, one loses one¿s capacity to ponder, to perceive one¿s surroundings and, therefore everything seems to be seen in a distorted way. Sport performance is one of the most important leisure events in the country and the large majority of fans are youngster who organize their team supporters (the cheerers), and these have been the main actors in violent scenes as well as the scenario where violence for no apparent reason can be observed. The aim of this study was to identify the use of alcohol within the youth, frequenty sports events ¿ Football, and to achieve that purpose, young supporters of a football team in the country were selected. With the use of qualitative method, the study was carried out through a combination of bibliographical and field research with the insertion of the researcher in football stadium during sport performances, with the application of AUDIT, an instrument to assess the degree of compromise between alcohol and the subject. 263 subjects were researched in different occasions within the football events in the sate of São Paulo during the paulista championship of 2007 and 2008. This challenge of approaching some specific existing aspects between leisure and drugs through the interrelation of current society represents an important attempt to understand the phenomenon, aiming to provoke a reflection and the necessary debate, however, taking care in order not to incur in moralistic and prejudiced conceptions which could lead to a simplistic and reductionist understanding of the theme proposed. Understanding the phenomenon, and the possible relationship between these and the conducts of risk through the pinpointing of alcohol use pattern and the activities carried out during free time, can lead us to propose actions that contribute both to the reduction of violence rate and the pattern of alcohol use within the population studied.
Doutorado
Educação Fisica e Sociedade
Doutor em Educação Física

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Hyde, Elizabeth Ann. "Drug use and rurality : a cultural analysis of patterns of use by young people in Britain and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d69b1e30-4c10-4565-8a0f-453ea8fa3c87.

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Kwan, Ming-tak Kalwan, and 關明德. "Drugs, peers, gangs, and crime: an interactional model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893636.

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Chan, Tsui-san Loretta, and 陳翠珊. "An enquiry into the attitudes of youth towards law and the legal system and their relationship with youth delinquency." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893375.

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Chan, Tsui-san Loretta. "An enquiry into the attitudes of youth towards law and the legal system and their relationship with youth delinquency." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1341768X.

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Tessier, Joanne Roberta. "Disordered eating behaviors and attitudes of youth in a northern Canadian community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60353.pdf.

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Kolde, Katarina, and Daniel Benitez. "SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER FOSTER YOUTH." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/462.

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The purpose of this study was to determine and assess social work students’ attitudes towards working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) clients and identifying factors that would affect such attitudes. LGBT individuals face increased risk factors as opposed to their non-LGBT peers and are disproportionately over-represented in the foster care system. This study assessed California State University, San Bernardino Social Work student's attitudes towards working with LGBT clients through the use of self-administered questionnaires. The data acquired from such quantitative surveys was analyzed utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results yielded that sexual orientation, religion, religiosity and political view rate were factors that significantly affected attitudes towards LGBT clients. It was also found that Title IV-E participants did not differ significantly compared to non Title IV-E participants in attitudes towards LGBT clients. Implications for social work education and practice include increased training, experience, competence and humility building opportunities when working with LGBT clients.

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Haas, Marilyn Goldman 1940. "Concerns and characteristics of Tucson Jewish youth, grades 4-12." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276990.

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This study assesses the concerns of Jewish youth in Tucson, Arizona and reports their demographic characteristics and those of their families. Other issues explored are Jewish identity, family and peer relations, use of community resources, and program interests. The 382 Jewish youth surveyed in grades 4-12 were essentially an affiliated population with over 96% belonging to a Jewish religious institution, education program, or youth organization. The relationship was examined between Jewish youth concerns and family changes of single-parent and stepfamily living, dual careers, and interfaith marriage. Differences in concerns were also identified by gender, educational level, and affiliation. Results are also presented of a survey of 59 Jewish community resources concerning their utilization by parents and youth and their perception of youth concerns. Based on findings, recommendations are made to encourage Jewish community awareness and responsiveness to concerns and needs of Jewish youth and their families.

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Klamm, Emily L. "Impact of a physical activity program on at-risk female adolescents' enjoyment of physical activity." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371847.

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As obesity and related diseases become increasingly prevalent, there is a great need for programs for at-risk female adolescents that will encourage physical activity and other healthy behaviors. Enjoyment is one factor that has been associated with exercise participation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a physical activity program on at-risk female adolescents' enjoyment of physical activity. Participants (n= 50) from a residential treatment facility participated in a non-competitive, non-threatening physical activity program for ten weeks. Fifteen of the participants comprised a control group and did not participate in the structured program. Participants completed the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) at the beginning and end of the program. In addition, their exercise heart rates were obtained at each session. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the PACES scores. Results indicated a significant group by time interaction between the three cottages (p= .002). Further analysis revealed PACES scores increased for one treatment cottage, but decreased for the other treatment cottage and the control group. The mean percent of time participants spent in their target heart rate zone (>140 bpm) was 53.5%.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

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葉嚴仁敏 and Yim Yan-mun Bonny Ip. "Contemporary youth attitude towards marriage in urban Guangzhou: an exploratory study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975665.

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Wilder, Lynn K. "Student vs. teacher perception of student behavior for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders : accurate assessment." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159148.

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The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to determine whether the Behavioral Objective Sequence (BOS) (Braaten, 1998), when used as a rating scale, was a valid instrument for measuring the behaviors of students with EBD and (b) to determine whether there was a relationship between teachers' perceptions of behaviors of students with EBD and these students' perceptions of their own behaviors. Perceptions were measured using the BOS and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991), a well-established instrument with reliability and validity. Demographic variables were examined as predictors of student versus teacher score discrepancies. Those shown to be predictive are student socioeconomic status, IQ score, length of time receiving special education services, grade and placement. The concurrent validity of the BOS is indicated by the comparison of scores on the BOS with scores on the CBCL. Participants were 62 youth with EBD and their 19 teachers from the Midwest.
Department of Special Education

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Bell, Christi E., and Raul A. Salcedo. "Designing a Measure: Measuring Social Workers' Attitudes toward LGBT Youth in Child Welfare." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/85.

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This study reports the results of an exploratory factor analysis conducted to analyze the reliability of a pilot instrument created to evaluate social workers’ attitudes toward LGBT youth in the foster care system. The sample (n = 60) included social workers, supervisors, and staff from the County of San Bernardino Children and Family Services. Data were collected from February 2011 to March 2011. A two factor solution yielded the best results; Chronbach’s alpha for factor one yielded a strong result for internal consistency reliability (α = .777) and for factor two yielded a less strong result (α = .628). Strategies are recommended to increase the reliability and evaluate the validity of the measure in future.

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Kerr, Sean. "Examining youth football coaches and their knowledge of, and attitudes towards, sport concussions." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10076446.

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The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine youth football coaches and their knowledge of, and attitudes towards, sport concussions. Coaches (n = 103) were recruited from several Pop Warner leagues from a large Western state to complete the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Coaches ranged from 25-75 years of age and were coaching youth athletes ranging from 6-14 years of age. Results indicated that coaches’ knowledge and attitudes of concussions were highly favorable. Coaches not only scored in the 80^th percentile on concussion knowledge, but also scored in the 85th percentile on concussion attitudes. There also was a statistically significant positive correlation between coaches’ scores on the Concussion Knowledge Index and the Concussion Attitudes Index, r = .43, p < .01. Additionally, the majority of coaches were required to receive concussion training prior to their employment and many of them received this training through USA Football’s Heads Up concussion education program.

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Paulucci, Candace Jean. "Suburban students' awareness, attitudes, and use of alcohol and other drugs, grades 6 through 12 /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776801322033.

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Ephriam, Raymond Deion, and Antonio Castro. "What teachers and probation officers identify as the most influential risk factors that lead youth to criminal behavior." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2957.

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Fifty teachers and forty-five probation officers participated in this study which was designed to elicit their opinions on critical risk factors that lead youth to criminal behavior. Risk factors identified included: dropping out of school, participating in gang activity, poverty, using drugs (or just the availability of drugs), parental involvement in criminal activity, and the lack of parental supervision.

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Goss-Shields, Christina. "Music education as intervention for at-risk urban adolescents : self-perceptions, opinions, and attitudes about inclusion in selected music settings /." Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1250702213.

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Harris, Mark J. "Evangelism among modern Russian young people a qualitative study of their religious background, attitudes and conversion experiences /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Haider, Nashya. "Attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents towards brands." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18618480.

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Sankey, Melissa Elizabeth Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Stereotypic beliefs about young people: nature, sources, and consequences." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17826.

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Most stereotypes of youth depict them as problematic. Yet, the effects of those representations on behaviour are not understood. The nine studies conducted for this thesis investigated stereotypic beliefs about youth. This thesis aimed to specify the range of stereotypic beliefs about youth, the sources of those beliefs, and the consequences of those beliefs for adults' and young people's behaviour. Chapter 1 reviews the stereotype literature and provides information about our current understanding of stereotypic beliefs about youth. It also highlights the limitations of existing research and presents the rationale for this program of research. Chapter 2 presents studies 1 to 4, which explored the breadth in the content of four sets of stereotypic beliefs about youth. Study 1 investigated adults' knowledge of the cultural stereotype of youth and Study 2A specified adults' personal beliefs about youth. Adults' knowledge of the cultural stereotype was shown to consist of very negative content, although their personal beliefs were both positive and negative in content. Study 3A compared young people's perceptions of adults' beliefs about youth with their personal beliefs about youth. Young people's perceptions of adults' beliefs were found to be extremely negative, and to be comparable with that identified as adults??? knowledge of the cultural stereotype of youth in Study 1. In contrast, young people???s personal beliefs about youth were found to be more positive. Study 4 investigated the extent to which adults and young people hold multiple stereotypes of youth. Adults and young people formed six conceptually similar subtypes of youth. They were labelled as ???yuppies???, ???lives for today and forget the consequences???, ???depressed???, ???problem kids???, ???active???, and ???conventional???. The ???problem kids??? subtype was the most salient; it had the greatest number of descriptors assigned to it and the greatest agreement across groups regarding the constellation of traits and behaviours comprising it. Studies 2B and 3B, also presented in Chapter 2, were carried out to develop two valid and reliable measures of stereotypic beliefs about youth. In Study 2B, the 20-item Beliefs about Adolescence Scale was developed to assess adults' personal beliefs about youth. Study 3B developed the 26-item Adolescents??? Perceptions of Adults??? Beliefs Scale to assess young people???s perceptions of adults??? beliefs about them. Both measures were shown to be internally consistent and to have good test-retest reliability. The Beliefs about Adolescence Scale also demonstrated good convergent validity. Chapter 3 presents studies 5 and 6, which examined the media as a possible source of stereotypic beliefs about youth. Study 5 investigated media representations of youth as they appear in newspaper reports. Study 6 aimed to establish an empirical association between those representations and stereotypic beliefs about youth. In Study 5, newspaper reports of young people were found to be largely negative; the 'problem kids' stereotype was afforded the most news space. In Study 6, newspaper readership was shown to be predictive of stereotypic beliefs about youth. Further, stereotypic beliefs were found to discriminate between readers of broadsheet and tabloid newspapers. Chapter 4 presents Studies 7 and 8, which focused on the consequences of stereotypic beliefs about youth for evaluations and behaviour. Study 7 investigated the extent to which beliefs that young people are problematic affect adults' evaluations of young people. Subjects who were presented with sentences that described irresponsible and disrespectful behaviours later judged a youth target as more irresponsible and disrespectful than subjects who were presented with sentences that described neutral behaviours. Study 8 investigated whether beliefs that young people are problematic can result in self-fulfilling prophecies. Subjects were exposed to faces of male teenagers or adults and were then paired with partners who had been exposed to faces of male adults. Each pair of subjects played a word-guessing game and their interaction was recorded. Judges who were blind to the experimental hypotheses listened to the recordings and rated each participant for the degree of rudeness that was displayed. Subjects who had been exposed to the teenage faces were rated as ruder than those who had been exposed to adult faces. Moreover, those who interacted with subjects who had been exposed to teenage faces were rated as ruder than those who interacted with subjects who had been exposed to adult faces. In that way, stereotypic beliefs about youth were shown to produce self-fulfilling prophecies. Chapter 5 presents Study 9. Its focus was on young people's perceptions of adults' beliefs about them. It examined the way those beliefs influence young people's engagement in problem behaviour, in interaction with established correlates of problem behaviour. This was explored via the testing of a structural model of problem behaviour. The findings provided partial support for the model, and the model accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in problem behaviour. Young people's perceptions of adults' beliefs about them made an important contribution to the explanation of problem behaviour involvement. Subsidiary analyses determined that young people's perceptions that adults believe them to engage in problem behaviour was the 'active ingredient' of that construct. Chapter 6 presents the general discussion of the findings from this program of research. It also outlines their theoretical and practical implications, and points to specific research that is needed to add to the findings of this thesis. The findings emphasise the important influences of stereotypic beliefs about youth on adults' and young people's behaviour. Recommendations are made for improving adult-youth relations and preventing adolescent problem behaviour. In particular, the media and adult members of the community need to recognise the role that they play in the causation of adolescent problem behaviour. The media have a responsibility to disseminate accurate and balanced information about young people and youth-related issues. In addition, interventions aimed at reducing adolescent problem behaviour need to incorporate a community-based component that seeks to promote positive adult-youth relations within the wider community.

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Råssjö, Eva-Britta. "Sexual Behaviour and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Urban Ugandan Youth – Perceptions, Attitudes and Management." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6264.

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The aims of this thesis were to expand the knowledge about sexual and reproductive health among urban Ugandan youths, living in a slum, and to evaluate the national flow-chart for management of the abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) syndrome in adolescent girls. Data collection included individual interviews, focus-group discussions and clinical investigations with tests for chlamydia trachomatis (CT), neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), syphilis, and HIV infection. Poverty, peer pressure and gender power imbalance were obstacles to safe sexual practices: to abstain from sex, be faithful or to use condoms. Prevalence among the 199 female and 107 male adolescents for CT, NG, TV, syphilis and HIV was 4.5%, 9.0%, 8.0%, 4.0% and 15.2% for females and 4.7%, 5.7%, 0%, 2.8% and 5.8% for males. The national AVD flow-chart had a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 38.5% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11.6%. A flow-chart using risk factors, rather than symptoms, implicated a sensitivity/specificity and PPV of 82.6%/47% and 17.3% respectively. Socially disadvantaged females had a high risk to be HIV infected and HIV infection was associated to other STIs. Females were more likely than males to have any of the infections studied. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV was considered as helpful in preventing the spread of HIV. Obstacles for testing were: lack of time and money, fear of stigmatisation and fear that the knowledge of HIV positive status could shorten someone's life. An alternative flow-chart for management of AVD among adolescent girls should be evaluated. Girl's opportunities for education and income generating work should be a priority. VCT services for young people should be made accessible in terms of cost, time and quality of counselling.

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