Journal articles on the topic 'Young women – travel'
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Warner-Smith, Penny. "Travel, Young Women and ‘The Weekly’, 1959–1968." Annals of Leisure Research 3, no. 1 (January 2000): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2000.10600884.
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Schettini, Cristiana. "South American Tours: Work Relations in the Entertainment Market in South America." International Review of Social History 57, S20 (August 29, 2012): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859012000454.
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SummaryThis article explores the relationships between young European women who worked in the growing entertainment market in Argentine and Brazilian cities, and the many people who from time to time came under suspicion of exploiting them for prostitution. The international travels of young women with contracts to sing or dance in music halls, theatres, and cabarets provide a unique opportunity to reflect on some of the practices of labour intermediation. Fragments of their experiences were recorded by a number of Brazilian police investigations carried out in order to expel “undesirable” foreigners under the Foreigners Expulsion Act of 1907. Such sources shed light on the work arrangements that made it possible for young women to travel overseas. The article discusses how degrees of autonomy, violence, and exploitation in the artists’ work contracts were negotiated between parties at the time, especially by travelling young women whose social experiences shaped morally ambiguous identities as artists, prostitutes, and hired workers.
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Khan, Mohammad Jamal, Shankar Chelliah, Firoz Khan, and Saba Amin. "Perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers: the moderating role of travel motivation." Tourism Review 74, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 721–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-08-2018-0116.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of travel motivation on the relationship between perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was performed, and data were collected from 416 female university students using convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling with partial least square approach was used to test the research hypotheses. Findings The findings revealed that travel motivation has a moderating effect by weakening the negative relationships between physical risk, structural constraints and visit intention. Practical implications The findings of this study provide useful insights for destination managers about the influence of travel motivation on the behavioral intention of young women travelers in the case of higher perceptions of travel risks and constraints. Originality/value Literature has discussed the intervening role of travel motivations in different contexts. However, studies are scarce in examining the effect of travel motivation in weakening the negative influence of high perceptions of risks and constraints on intention to visit.
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Gustafson, Per. "Work-related travel, gender and family obligations." Work, Employment and Society 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017006066999.
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This article uses national travel surveys from Sweden to examine the relationship between family situation, sex and work-related overnight travel. The results indicate that family obligations have an impact on travel activity, but that women and men differ in this respect. Cohabiting men travel more than men living alone, whereas there is no such effect among women. Having young children reduces the travel activity of women, whereas there is no consistent such effect among men. However, regardless of family situation, men travel considerably more than women and this largely reflects women’s and men’s different positions in working life. It is therefore argued that the relationship between work-related travel and family obligations involves both individual adaptation and structural factors, such as a gender-segregated labour market and ‘gender-typing’ of travel as a predominantly male activity, all of which reflect traditional gender and family role expectations.
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Geurts, Anna P. H. "Gender, Curiosity, and the Grand Tour." Journeys 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2020.210201.
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Discussions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European travel have long tended to over-apply the model of the grand tour. It is increasingly recognized now that many British journeys to the Continent knew different motivations and itineraries, and were made from different subject positions than that of the young male aristocrat. An alternative model proposed for female travelers has its own limitations, however. It presents women as more open-minded than men, with a greater eye for detail and keen to escape patriarchal confinement at home. Yet female travelers’ wish and capacity to offer an alternative to the grand-tourist gaze was limited. Still, travel, travel writing, and publishing offered women a chance to explore new social models and lifestyles and develop new forms of personal independence.
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Cavagnaro, Elena, and Simona Staffieri. "A study of students’ travellers values and needs in order to establish futures patterns and insights." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2014-0013.
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Purpose If the only viable future for tourism is sustainable tourism then ways should be sought to increase the demand for sustainable offers. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether sustainability values influence the travel needs of students. The aim is to discover cues in the present behaviour of young tourists that can enhance sustainable travel choices and therefore secure the future of the tourism industry. Moreover, the study provides a solid basis for predicting the future travel behaviour of young tourists. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in The Netherlands in 2013 through a survey. A non‐probabilistic sample of 365 students (a sub‐group of young tourists) was reached. Multivariate analyses were used to test whether position in the social structure and value orientation influence the travel need. The logistic models allowed youth tourism behaviour to be predicted. Findings Respondents with a biospheric value orientation associate travel with being in contact with nature and chose rest as a motivation. This is highly interesting from a future perspective because biospheric values are considered the most stable antecedent of sustainable behaviour. Findings also highlight women's role as the sustainable tourists of the future: women harbour strong sustainability values and see travel as a growth opportunity. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on travel needs because this is the most future‐oriented phase of the tourism experience, and on students because they tend to travel independently. Future research might include travel consumption and evaluation as well as non‐students in the sample to give a more balanced view on young tourists. Future research might also include values not related to sustainability to assess their relative strengths in influencing youth tourism. Practical implications Both policy makers and industry could capitalise on the sustainability values already present in young people's need for travel to nudge this group – who represents tourism's future – towards a sustainable tourism choice. For example, strengthening sustainability values through marketing and education will increase demand for a sustainable offer. Originality/value Values related to sustainability influence general tourism choices by young travellers, and not only choices related to a sustainability offer. This finding suggests a path to address the classic dilemma between individualism and sustainability and assure tourism's future by showing young travellers that they already harbour sustainability values.
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Huang, Songshan (Sam), and Xiang Wei. "Offline versus online travel experience sharing: the national profile of China." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-05-2018-0058.
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PurposeThis study aims to examine the demographic differences of Chinese nationals’ travel experience sharing through different offline and online platforms.Design/methodology/approachCross-tabulation analysis was applied on a national sample of 6081 respondents in China.FindingsThe study found that Chinese women tend to share travel experience more often than Chinese men; old people in China tend to use the face-to-face approach more than online or social media to share their travel experience. About 66.5 per cent of the survey sample used WeChat Moments to share their travel experience, highlighting WeChat as the dominating social media platform in China for travel sharing. In general, people who share via online platforms (WeChat, Weibo, QQ Space) tend to be young, single or unmarried, well-educated and earning a high monthly income.Originality/valueThe study offers an in-depth understanding of travel experience sharing idiosyncrasies in China.
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Khan, Mohammad Jamal, Shankar Chelliah, and Sahrish Ahmed. "Factors influencing destination image and visit intention among young women travellers: role of travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 22, no. 11 (September 14, 2017): 1139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1374985.
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Kusuma Negara, I. Made, and Putu Agus Wikanatha Sagita. "PREFERENSI SMARTPHONE SEBAGAI ALAT PERJALANAN WISATA DI BALI." Jurnal IPTA 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2021.v09.i02.p14.
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Utilization of tourism information and communication technology has an impact on increasing tourist satisfaction. One of them is the use of smartphones as a travel tool such as booking accommodation, selecting destinations, searching for tourist locations, distance to tourist sites, weather at tourist sites, uploading travel memories, and other travel needs. This study aims to describe the social, economic, demographic variables of tourists in using smartphones as a travel tool in Bali. The basic needs of tourists such as hotels and restaurants are the main needs of tourists in browsing through smartphones. In addition, the conditions at the destination are also a relatively important need for tourists to know through the use of smartphones. Women as domestic tourists dominate the use of smartphones in traveling, most of whom are women who live in metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, for foreign tourists, it looks proportionally distributed based on the country of origin of the tourists. Those who are well-educated dominate the use of smartphones in traveling. The distribution of young and productive ages can also be seen clearly in using smartphones as a travel tool. Even in the case of foreign tourists, the elderly also contributes to the use of smartphones as a travel tool.
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Rabindran, Porkodi, Tamilarasi S, Kanimozhi K, and H. T. Lalthanthuami. "Assess the usage pattern of menstrual cups and its determinants among young health professionals at a tertiary hospital in Puducherry." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2023): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.076.
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: Menstrual cups are a better alternative for menstrual hygiene but usage among girls and women is limited due to lack of popularity. The purpose of this study is to assess the usage of menstrual cup and its determinants among young women in health profession.: This is a cross-sectional analytical study designed to collect data among 370 young women who fulfilled the selection criteria using a cluster sampling method. The objectives of the study were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square). All statistical analysis was carried out at a 5% level of significance.: Among 370 young women only 29 (7.8%) use a menstrual cup, nearly 90% of them use it because it is comfortable, non-allergic, convenient during travel, and enables free movement. Only 8 (2.2%) have used it earlier but not presently, about 75% of them stopped because of difficulty in insertion. While 333 (90%) of young women have never used a menstrual cup, about 70% presumed menstrual cup insertion would be difficult and uncomfortable. : Young women despite being in the health profession and knowing about menstrual cups do not use them. This highlights the need for efforts to promote awareness regarding the availability and utilization of menstrual cups to empower girls and women in maintaining menstrual hygiene.
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Pooley, Colin G., and Marilyn E. Pooley. "Young Women on the Move Britain circa 1880–1950." Social Science History 45, no. 3 (2021): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.14.
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AbstractTravel is an essential part of everyday life for most people, and it inevitably brings inconvenience at times, but women have often experienced particular and distinctive constraints and harassments while traveling that may inhibit or reduce their mobility. However, we know relatively little in detail about how, why, and how much women traveled in the past. This article provides new evidence about female mobility in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain by analyzing the daily movements that were recorded in the personal diaries of nine young women. The diary entries show that all the women traveled frequently both alone and with others, used a variety of transport technologies that were available at the time, and rarely recorded incidents that caused them concern or alarm. Mobility was not only essential for carrying out everyday activities but it was also central to the development of friendships and, especially, courting. Both social class and location did have some influence on the ways in which the young women traveled, on their freedom to travel alone, and on the inconveniences they faced. However, overall, the similarities between the experiences of the nine diarists were much greater than the differences. Although it is not possible to generalize widely from just nine accounts, these diaries do provide new insights into female mobility in the past.
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Bieszk-Stolorz, Beata. "Analiza szans podjęcia pracy za granicą przez bezrobotnych w Szczecinie." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 12 (December 28, 2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.12.7.
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The article presents the results of a study on the impact of gender, age and education for the chance to de-register from the Register of unemployed in the District Labour Office in Szczecin, due to go abroad in years 2007?2009. The logit model was used for the analysis of unemployed opportunities to travel abroad. During the period of deregistration due to longer than 30 days stay abroad frequently declared the young or middle aged with higher and secondary vocational educations. In each of the three years studied women decided to travel abroad more often than men.
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Andreescu, Raluca. "Abortion Travels in Contemporary American Cinema: Parental Consent and the Bumpy Ride to Termination in Eliza Hittman’s Never Rarely Sometimes Always and Rachel Lee Goldenberg’s Unpregnant." American, British and Canadian Studies 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2022-0007.
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Abstract Although abortion was legalized in 1973 through the US Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Roe v. Wade, it is state legislatures that have ultimately acted as the final arbiters on the matter ever since. As a result, only over the course of the last decade, more than two hundred abortion restrictions have been enacted nationwide in the United States. As more and more restrictions are put in place in an attempt at policing women’s bodies, the practice that came to be known somewhat inappropriately as ‘abortion tourism’ is becoming increasingly common. More and more women travel across state lines in order to benefit from a safe procedure while evading the legal limits imposed upon them in their home states. This is even more acutely so in the case of young, under-age women, as only a few states do not have parental consent statutes covering abortion provisions. It is against this background that my article discusses two recent movies which tackle the issue of teen pregnancy and ‘abortion mobility,’ Never Rarely Sometimes Always (2020) and Unpregnant (2020). I look at how both travel narratives illustrate, in different genres and manners, the hurdles (young) women have to navigate to gain access to necessary medical care and expose the state-sanctioned obstacles to abortion in two stories about female friendship and empathy above all.
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Wittmann, Katie, Beth Savan, Trudy Ledsham, George Liu, and Jennifer Lay. "Cycling to High School in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2500, no. 1 (January 2015): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2500-02.
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This study surveyed attitudes, behaviors, social norms, and perceived control among the populations of students at three high schools in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The results showed a pattern of hesitancy to cycle on the part of female high school students compared with their male counterparts. Young women reported less access to a bicycle, less comfort or confidence in riding, more fear associated with cycling, and less ability to decide independently how to travel to school. The study identified two important variables that were likely associated with young women's smaller participation in cycling to school: overall cycling mode share and ability to decide their travel mode independently. The former variable tracked findings for the general population, and the latter appeared to have been associated with the proximity of immigration, as families might have brought associations of danger to independent female travelers from their countries of origin or perceived new dangers in Canada. While the former association is well established, the latter hypothesis warrants further research.
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Sreekumar, Haripriya, and A. Poongodi. "The Journey of Women in Disney Movies and Their Impact on Shaping Social Perceptions." Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 3 (July 14, 2024): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i3.6913.
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Disney movies have long fascinated audiences with their fantastical narratives, lively characters, and imaginative landscapes. However, the representation of women in Disney movies was always through a patriarchal lens. This research investigates the portrayal of women characters in contemporary Disney movies Moana (2016) and Mulan (2020) and analyses how they differ from the traditional portrayal of women in Disney movies using the theoretical framework of postmodern feminism and patriarchy. The paper analyses how travel empowers these women and what significant changes it brings about in the development of their characters. The paper also explores the psyche of these women characters and how their journey inspires young adults, especially today’s women. The paper serves as a lens into society and the influence of media and other popular culture in the perceptions formed about women and how they are supposed to be.
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Davies, Stephen C., Brooke Shepherd, Rebecca Wiig, and Iain Kaan. "Unsupervised screening for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in backpacker hostels in Manly, Sydney." Sexual Health 10, no. 2 (2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12136.
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Young international backpackers frequently have new sexual partners. We conducted a pilot project of unsupervised screening for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) by self-collected specimens at two backpacker hostels in Manly, Sydney. The median age was 24 years for men and 23 years for women. A new sexual partner during travel was reported by 94%, of whom only 20% always using condoms. The prevalence of chlamydia was 11.9% (14.3% of 35 men and 10.2% of 49 women). No cases of gonorrhoea were detected. Half of the dispensed testing kits went missing or were tampered with, and there was spoilage of the receptacle bins, which persisted despite a redesign to a more secure and locked box. While populations such as young backpackers may be a priority group for sexually transmissible infection screening, we advise caution for projects contemplating an unsupervised model.
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Nurul Habib, Khandker. "A Heteroscedastic Polarized Logit Model to Investigate the Competition of Bicycle for the Bikeable Trips with the Other Modes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 49 (September 20, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796357.
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The paper proposes a new discrete choice model, named the Heteroscedastic Polarized Logit (HPL) to investigate choice contexts with one or more alternatives with remarkably low market shares. The proposed model is used to investigate the factors influencing the choice of a bicycle as a travel mode in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada. Data from the latest household travel survey of the NCR are used to investigate the mode choices of bikeable trips. Bikeable trips are defined as trips with lengths shorter than 16 km as this is the observed maximum limit of a bicycle trip in the dataset. A large dataset with over 40,000 trip records is used for empirical investigation where the bicycle has the lowest mode share of 3%. The HPL model clearly shows its appropriateness and superiority over comparable models in such a context. The choice to walk is found to be more sensitive to trip length than the choice to cycle, yet walking is found to have three times larger market share than that of cycling. Similarly, motorized modes are found to have low sensitivity to travel time and other impedances and have larger market shares. Women and students are found not to prefer the bicycle as a travel mode. Cycling infrastructure is seen to be effective in increasing the choice of the bicycle as a travel mode, but it also becomes clear that additional soft policy initiatives would be necessary to increase the popularity of cycling among young people, students, and women.
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Bidaki, Reza, Hamed Amirifard, Parisa Fazli, Mohadeseh Asadi, and Samira Babaeian Bahabadi. "Kleine-Levin Syndrome in a Young Woman Triggered in Travel: A Case Report From Iran in COVID-19 Arena." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2022): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.07.
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Introduction: Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder often associated with recurrent hypersomnia, first described by Klein in 1925 but named in 1942 by Critchley and Hoffman. KLS is more common in adolescence and is also more common in men than women. It must be distinguished from repetitive depressive disorder, or psychotic disorder. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a 27-year-old woman with KLS who showed symptoms such as overeating and mood changes, unwillingness to talk to anyone, and a sedentary lifestyle. Meanwhile, during these periods, other symptoms such as lack of speech, decreased energy, lethargy, and slowness of mental and mood movements were observed in the patient. Eventually, with lithium consumption, her symptoms improve significantly. However, the exact cause of this syndrome and its definitive treatment is still unknown and will require further reports and studies. Conclusion: According to the reported case, KLS may be triggered by travel and migration, and in such a situation, may respond well to lithium.
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Lodes, Emma B. "Glaciers are for girls: the inaugural expedition of Girls on Ice Austria succeeded in empowering nine young women in August 2021." Polarforschung 90, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-1-2022.
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Abstract. Girls on Ice Austria, an organization that encourages young women to stretch themselves through wilderness and glacier travel, camping, science and art, successfully completed their inaugural expedition in August 2021. Nine girls from Austria, Germany and Italy joined science instructors specializing in glaciology and meteorology, two professional artists (an actress and a painter), and a professional mountain guide for an all-female, week-long expedition to Bachfallferner glacier in the Ötztal. The team learned basic mountaineering and climbing skills, conducted scientific experiments including measuring the daily melt rate of Bachfallferner glacier, and pushed their creative boundaries. The all-female nature of Girls on Ice, and Inspiring Girls Expeditions (the umbrella organization) is meant to show young girls that women are capable of successfully filling traditionally male roles (such as in glaciology and mountaineering), to introduce the next generation of girls to the world of mountains and glaciers, and to encourage them to bravely and confidently pursue these career paths.
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Visby, Rie Hultqvist, and Karoline Lundholt. "Gender Differences in Danish Road Accidents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118795005.
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A study based on the Danish Road Directorates accident statistics shows that there are different gender patterns in how we behave in traffic and our involvement in traffic accidents. Overall men drive more by car and take longer trips. Women take more trips, but they are shorter, and travel more by bicycle or walking. Although men and women spend the same amount of time in traffic, twice as many men as women are involved in traffic accidents. Men constitute 62% of all persons killed and injured in road accidents, and are involved in 66% of the accidents. Not only gender, but education, income and age are also important factors in the accident patterns of men and women in Denmark. People with primary/lower secondary school as the highest education level are over represented in accident statistics in proportion to other educational groups. Young people aged 18–24 constitute about 20% (the largest group) of persons killed and injured in traffic accidents, although they only constitute approximately 8% of the population. In this group, there are about twice as many men killed or injured as women. The overall pattern is that, the older you become, the higher educated you are and the higher income you have—the smaller is your risk of involvement in accidents in Denmark. This knowledge is of importance when planning communication strategies with different segments of the population and when reaching out to young people in schools, who are at the highest risk of getting killed or injured in accidents.
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Martins, Summer L., Wendy L. Hellerstedt, Sara B. Bowman, Sonya S. Brady, and Susan M. Mason. "International Travel as a Context for Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviors: A Qualitative Study of Young Women Traveling Outside the U.S." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 1039–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1400-2.
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Perenc, Helena, Karolina Pasieka, Kamil Juruś, Karolina Bierć, Rafał Bieś, Marek Krzystanek, and Anna Warchala. "The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sexual Lives of Polish Young Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12 (June 7, 2024): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123370.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to daily life in Poland, with restrictions affecting various sectors, including entertainment, education, and travel. The pandemic’s impact extended to intimate aspects of life. This study aimed to compare the sexual functioning of young adults in Poland before and during the pandemic, using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14). Methods: The research involved an online survey with demographic questions, the CSFQ-14 for pre-pandemic sexual functioning, and modified CSFQ-14 questions for the pandemic period. Sexual dysfunction was determined using predefined cutoff scores. Results: Overall, the study found no significant difference in the sexual functioning of young Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. However, there were gender-specific trends. Women reported enhanced pleasure, satisfaction, and orgasm during lockdown, while men faced challenges with erection and ejaculation. A higher proportion of women experienced overall sexual dysfunction compared to men, both before and during the pandemic. This research provides insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual lives of young Poles. While overall sexual functioning remained relatively stable, specific aspects varied by gender. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need to consider demographic factors, such as age and gender, when assessing the effects of external stressors like a pandemic on sexual health. Further research is essential to fully grasp these complexities and their potential long-term consequences.
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Almenara-Niebla, Silvia, and Carmen Ascanio-Sánchez. "Connected Sahrawi refugee diaspora in Spain: Gender, social media and digital transnational gossip." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549419869357.
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While there is increasing scholarly attention given to the impact of digital technologies on forced migration, the points of view and situated experiences of refugees living in the diaspora are understudied. This article addresses Sahrawis refugee diasporas, which have close ties with the Sahrawi political cause. Resulting from the unresolved Western Sahara conflict, Sahrawi forced migrants are at the eye of one of the world’s most protracted refugee situations. While most Sahrawis live in refugee camps in Algeria, some Sahrawis have managed to travel onwards. Social media allows those living elsewhere to maintain connections with contacts living in their original refugee camp. However, Facebook has become a complex environment, particularly for Sahrawi women. Gendered mechanisms of control, such as digital transnational gossip, result in a paradoxical politics of belonging: these women simultaneously desire to keep in touch but do not want to become a subject of gossip. From narratives of Sahrawi young women based in Spain gathered through interviews between 2016 and 2018, as well as a specific Facebook campaign and fan page, the focus is on strategies Sahrawi women develop to avoid and confront digital transnational gossip.
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T, Ditto, T., Mrs Sheetal Kuriakose, and Theertha Sanilkumar. "Assessment of Quality of Life in Young Adults with Migraine." Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy 12, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i12.011.
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Migraine is a primary headache disorder with recurring headaches, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Migraine is believed to impact more than 10% of the world's population, is most prevalent between the ages of 20 and 50, and is about three times more prevalent in women than in males. Patients with Migraine may have significant medical comorbidity load associated with pain, disability, and activity limitation which in turn affects their Health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Hence, there is a growing need to research the impact of Migraine on patients HRQOL in order to improve the productivity and QOL of patient The goal of the study was to assess the quality of life in young adults with Migraine. The study also aimed to determine the Migraine triggers in individuals. The severity, duration, and frequency of Migraine attacks were also studied. A total of 84 subjects were enrolled in the study out of which 29.76% (n=25) were Male and 70.24% (n=59) were Female. Stress (42.85%) was found to be the more prevalent trigger. The severity of subjects was assessed, 35.71% are having severe migraine which is more prevalent. y. Almost half (47%) of the patients had migraine episodes 1-2 weeks back followed by 1 month back. . Most of the subjects (44%) had migraine attacks for 4-6 hours. The study concluded that migraine was more prevalent in women. The most common symptoms seen in this study population were pain followed by nausea & vomiting. Out of this study, population stress was the common trigger followed by travel and noise. The results of the current study indicate the quality of life of migraine patients was significantly low almost half and the most affected domain in the majority of the patient was role function restrictive.
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Passman, Dina, Sabine O’Hara, and Yolandra Plummer. "Understanding the Role of Public Transportation in Supporting the Care Economy in Washington, DC, USA." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (February 2, 2024): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031288.
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Women’s empowerment is a powerful engine for personal and societal economic development and well-being. Nevertheless, gender biases in physical infrastructure investments lead to negative consequences for women and children that reduce their empowerment and limit their economic benefits. Public fixed-route buses, such as those in Washington, DC, illustrate how physical transportation infrastructure has innate gender biases. These young residents likely depend on strollers to travel longer than a few blocks. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) runs the public transportation system in Washington, DC. In 2021, 7% of DC’s 720,000 residents were under five. WMATA maintains a fleet of approximately 1595 buses, 95% of which banned the onboarding of open strollers until recently. This ban directly limited the use of Metro buses for the caregivers of young children, primarily women. It also reduced the opportunities for these caregivers to participate in DC’s economic life. In neighborhoods dependent on buses for essential mobility, the stroller ban reduces employment, healthcare, social service, educational, and recreational offerings beyond walkable distances. This paper examines the publicly available discussions and actions that led to the updated stroller policy and offers opportunities for improving caregiver transit access in Washington, DC, and, by extension, other cities worldwide.
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Gregory, Sally F., and Joanne Edney. "Divers or Divas? A Market Analysis of the Mature Aged Female Diver: An Australian Perspective." Tourism in Marine Environments 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427319x15635387000925.
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If you ask the average person to describe a scuba diver, you would probably receive comments such as strong, young, athletic, male, and a bit of a daredevil. However, recent research into the highest growth sector of diver training reveals women over 40 are signing on for dive training in unprecedented numbers. Dive service providers and tourist destination promoters may be missing opportunities to market effectively to attract this dynamic group, using a "one size fits all" approach and potentially losing sales opportunities for equipment, courses, dive travel, and more. This study examines the mature aged female diver, revealing new demographic data, information about their dive travel preferences, how much they spend on diving holidays, and other information useful to dive and tourism industry stakeholders. A web-based survey was used to study 111 female divers over age 40. The average age of participants was 51 to 55, and most had logged over 100 dives. The results depicted participants as a vibrant part of the diving community, with money to spend and the desire to travel. Safety in dive operations was identified as a priority as was small-group travel. Spending over $500 a day on international diving trips, they represent an untapped and lucrative market segment. This study aims to contribute new insight into this dynamic and motivated market segment. Findings will assist dive tourism service providers and destination marketers to better understand this segment, to create attractive products and services to tap into this lucrative market.
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Mnyika, Kagoma S., Knut-Inge Klepp, Gunnar Kvale, and Naphtal Ole-King'Ori. "Determinants of high-risk sexual behaviour and condom use among adults in the Arusha region, Tanzania." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971919840.
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Summary: Determinants of multiple sexual partners and condom use among adults were assessed through a population-based survey in one urban, one semi-urban and one rural community in the Arusha region, northern Tanzania. The study samples were obtained by randomly selecting clusters of 10 households from the 3 communities. Informed verbal consent was sought from each respondent for participation in the study. High-risk sexual behaviours and condom use were assessed using a structured questionnaire. It was observed that significantly more men than women reported having multiple sexual partners (49% vs 25.2%; OR=1.69; 95% CI=1.51-1.90) and urban men were significantly more likely to report having multiple sexual partners than men in rural areas. In both men and women, early sexual debut was associated with having multiple sexual partners while travel, alcohol use, and sex under the influence of alcohol were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in men only. AIDS-related discussion was significantly associated with having fewer sexual partners in both men and women. Of the 1551 respondents, 320 (20.6%) reported having ever used a condom and of the 320 respondents who had ever used a condom, 34 (10.6%) reported having used it at the last sexual intercourse. Significantly more men than women reported having ever used a condom (34.1% vs 14.1%; OR=1.77; 95% CI=1.56-2.01). In both men and women, early sexual debut and being young, unmarried, travelling out of the Arusha region and having multiple sexual partners were associated with increased condom use. For both men and women, frequent discussion of AIDS with family members or friends was associated with increased condom use. These data suggest that interventions targeting adolescents and young adults may be effective for control of HIV transmission in Tanzania. In particular, creation of opportunities for people to come together and discuss AIDS might be an important strategy.
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Suchanek, Michał, and Agnieszka Szmelter-Jarosz. "Environmental Aspects of Generation Y’s Sustainable Mobility." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113204.
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This research paper identifies and explores the opinions and attitudes of young people about urban transport. It is the first study on this topic, based on the survey, analysing the mobility choices of young adults (more specifically, Generation Y) in Poland and for countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of the paper is to show their travel behaviour from sustainable mobility perspective. The primary data was obtained through the online survey. The data analysis was held with use of factor analysis and ANOVA. The research results indicated the variables influencing the environmental dimension of sustainable mobility attitudes of young adults in four areas: the ecology-oriented approach to transport, opinions about sharing economy, public car concept and future transport system. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the ecology-oriented approach between people born in different decades, between men and women and between people with driving licences and people without them. Those results provide the insights for local authorities and mobility service providers. The recommendations at the end of the paper focus on the need for continuation of research in similar fields.
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D, Jishnu, Jishnu Nampoothiri P J, and Shamala R. "Unveiling Stereotypes, Disparity, and Framing: A Critical Analysis of Women’s Representation on Vanitha Magazine Cover Pages." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. VII (2023): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10715.
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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the representation of women on the cover pages of Vanitha, one of India’s most circulated women’s magazines, spanning from January 2019 to August 2021. Employing a content analysis methodology, we collected and analysed sixty-six cover pages from the magazine, utilising descriptive statistics and visual analysis to gain insights into the portrayal of women. Our findings reveal a pervasive and stereotypical representation of women on the magazine’s cover pages. While females are prominently featured, there remains a significant disparity in age, colour, class, and social status among the featured models. Older women are conspicuously absent from the cover pages, while middle-aged and young women conform to the societal norms dictated by patriarchal structures. Moreover, the cover pages predominantly display single portraits, perpetuating the normalisation of patriarchal ideals surrounding the “ideal” woman. The multidimensionality of the female psyche is primarily overlooked, failing to represent women’s diverse experiences and complexities accurately. Furthermore, our research highlights the dominance of male and female actors as the primary stars featured on the magazine covers, followed by a limited presence of models, politicians, singers, and authors. Additionally, we observe a tendency for cover photographs to emphasise a seductive effect rather than effectively communicating the magazine’s content. Examining the cover lines, we identify several dominant frames: health, celebrities, beauty, food, relationships, career, festivals, astrology, entrepreneurship, travel, and politics. These frames reflect the magazine’s prioritisation of topics and align with the interests and concerns of its target audience. In conclusion, our study underscores the need for more inclusive and diverse representations of women on Vanitha’s cover pages. By challenging stereotypical portrayals, addressing the disparity in age and social status, and adopting a more nuanced approach to the female experience, the magazine can foster a more empowering and authentic representation of women in its content.
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Shireman, Theresa I., Joel Tsevat, and Sue J. Goldie. "TIME COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462301104137.
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Objectives: Time costs borne by women when undergoing cervical cancer screening have rarely been elucidated, although such costs may pose substantial barriers to care. The purpose of this project was to quantify the opportunity costs associated with cervical cancer screening in young women attending Planned Parenthood Clinics.Methods: We conducted a self-report survey of 105 women from six clinics to measure travel, waiting, and exam times associated with cervical cancer screening. Respondents recorded their time of arrival and departure, length of time in the waiting room, age, income level, and hours per week they worked outside of the home. Time costs were valued three ways: through self-reported hourly wage, age- and gender-adjusted minimum earnings, and national age- and gender-adjusted hourly wages.Results: Respondents were on average 24 years old, worked 29 hours per week outside the home, and earned less than $20,000 per year. Mean time for one-way travel was 18.7 minutes; waiting room time was 16.9 minutes; and exam time was 50.8 minutes. Time costs were estimated to be $14.08 per visit based upon the self-reported hourly wage; $16.46 per visit based upon age- and gender-adjusted minimum earnings; and $19.63 per visit based upon age- and gender-adjusted national wage rates.Conclusions: Time costs associated with cervical cancer screening represent an important opportunity cost and should be considered in studies attempting to identify barriers to screening adherence. Our results indicate that time costs accounted for up to 25% of cervical cancer screening costs. Time costs should be identified, measured, valued, and included in cost-effectiveness analyses of cervical cancer screening.
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Garyn-Tal, Sharon, and Shosh Shahrabani. "Type of army service and decision to engage in risky behavior among young people in Israel." Judgment and Decision Making 10, no. 4 (July 2015): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005155.
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AbstractPrevious studies have examined the impact of military service on the decision to engage in risky behavior. Yet most of these studies focused on voluntary recruits, did not distinguish between legal and illegal risky activities and did not compare combat and non-combat soldiers during and after service according to gender. The current study is unique because of the nature of Israeli compulsory army service. It examines the relationship between type of army service and five legal and illegal risky behaviors for three groups: non-combat, combat without fighting experience, and combat with fighting experience. We also examine differences in the propensity for risky behavior between men, most of whom are assigned to combat units due to the army’s needs, and women, who serve in combat units on a voluntary basis only. A questionnaire survey was randomly distributed at train stations and central bus stations in Israel among 413 soldiers and ex-soldiers between the ages of 18-30. The predictor variables include type of service or battle experience, the Evaluation of Risks scale and socio-demographic characteristics. In general, we found that high percentages of young people engage in risky behavior, especially illegal behavior. The results indicate that fighting experience is significantly and positively correlated with the consumption of illegal substances for currently serving men soldiers (but not for women) and this effect is mitigated after discharge from the army. Importantly, the use of illegal substances is not a result of the individual’s preferences for engaging in various risky behaviors. Thus, our results suggest that the effect of the increased propensity toward risky behavior following the experience of fighting overrides the combat unit’s discipline for men when it comes to the consumption of illegal substances. In addition, our findings indicate that serving in a combat unit as opposed to a non-combat unit affects the tendency of women ex-combat soldiers to travel to risky destinations, though this is probably related to their original higher risk attitude, since women must volunteer for combat units.
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UKAH, U. V., M. GLASS, B. AVERY, D. DAIGNAULT, M. R. MULVEY, R. J. REID-SMITH, E. J. PARMLEY, A. PORTT, P. BOERLIN, and A. R. MANGES. "Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and development of community-acquired urinary tract infections." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817002680.
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SUMMARYWe examined risk factors associated with the intestinal acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and development of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in a case-control study of young women across Canada. A total of 399 women were recruited; 164 women had a UTI caused by E. coli resistant to ⩾1 antimicrobial classes and 98 had a UTI caused by E. coli resistant to ⩾3 antimicrobial classes. After adjustment for age, student health service (region of Canada) and either prior antibiotic use or UTI history, consumption of processed or ground chicken, cooked or raw shellfish, street foods and any organic fruit; as well as, contact with chickens, dogs and pet treats; and travel to Asia, were associated with an increased risk of UTI caused by antimicrobial resistant E. coli. A decreased risk of antimicrobial resistant UTI was associated with consumption of apples, nectarines, peppers, fresh herbs, peanuts and cooked beef. Drug-resistant UTI linked to foodborne and environmental exposures may be a significant public health concern and understanding the risk factors for intestinal acquisition of existing or newly emerging lineages of drug-resistant ExPEC is important for epidemiology, antimicrobial stewardship and prevention efforts.
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Makhdum, M. Akmal, and Afzal Javed. "Earthquake in Pakistan and Kashmir: suggested plan for psychological trauma relief work." International Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (January 2006): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001466.
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On the morning of 8 October 2005, Pakistan and Pakistani-controlled Kashmir were hit by an earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale. Within 5 seconds, almost all buildings in two major cities of the north were destroyed: the capital of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, and Balakot, a picturesque mountain city. This was about 9 a.m. Children were in classrooms and mothers were doing household chores. Many men were in the fields. Therefore, when houses and buildings collapsed, thousands of young children and women were killed, as a result of falling roofs and walls. All government buildings, universities and colleges were destroyed and thousands of students died. In one town there were no children left alive: a generation had been wiped out. In two schools alone people were trying to retrieve 600 bodies of young girls. The earthquake hit hardest in difficult mountainous terrain. Even under normal conditions, four-wheel-drive vehicles are required to travel in this area; after the earthquake, landslides had blocked access to large villages. Many small villages were buried.
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Poudel, Thuma Kumari. "Impact of the Pandemic on Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Low Income Countries with Reference to Nepal." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35216.
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Access to reproductive health services saves women for safe sex, safe pregnancy and child birth. This paper intends to analyze the impact of pandemic on reproductive health services during one decade 1920-2020 B.S. To achieve the above mentioned objective, descriptive method is used. Data are collected from secondary sources and major biggest pandemic of one hundred years which have larger impact on public health including reproductive health and large scale of mortality. The history of pandemic shows that service delivery of reproductive health to women was seriously affected during pandemic period. There was difficult to achieve basic health facility to pregnant women during pandemic period, they also face problems to achieve reproductive health services. The influenza affects to the pregnant women. They were severely ill during their pregnancy. There was a negative impression with health providers and pregnant women at health centre at the time of providing sexual and reproductive health services during the Ebola virus. The Zika virus effects on women's sexual and reproductive rights. The reproductive health services became at more serious cases at the time of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Pregnant women, infants and young children had serious impact of H1N1 virus. Women are facing problems to get reproductive health services like access of family planning, abortion care and other infectious diseases during Covid-19 periods. These problems also increased risk to unwanted pregnancy, risk of unsafe abortion and risk of STDs to the women. Women were facing lacking of sexual and reproductive health services due to the lockdown, physical distance, travel restrictions and economic slowdown during covid-19 pandemic.
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Donin, Gleb, Anna Erfányuková, and Ilya Ivlev. "Factors Affecting Young Adults’ Decision Making to Undergo COVID-19 Vaccination: A Patient Preference Study." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020265.
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Young adults are a substantial driver of lagging vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide. We aimed to understand what vaccine or vaccination environment attributes may affect young adults’ vaccine inclination. We contacted a convenience sample of 1415 students to recruit a minimum of 150 individuals for a web-based discrete choice experiment. The respondents were asked to choose one of two hypothetical vaccines, defined by six attributes—vaccine efficacy, risk of mild side effects, protection duration, administration route, recommender, and travel time to the vaccination site. Individual preferences were calculated with the Markov chain Monte Carlo hierarchical Bayes estimation. A total of 445 individuals (mean age 24.4 years, 272 (61.1%) women) completed the survey between 22 March and 3 May 2021. Vaccine protection duration (28.3 (95% CI, 27.0–29.6)) and vaccine efficacy in preventing COVID-19 (27.5 (95% CI, 26.3–28.8)) were the most important, followed by the risk of vaccine side effects (17.3 (95% CI, 16.2–18.4)). Individuals reluctant or unsure about vaccination (21.1%) prioritized the potential for mild side effects higher and vaccine efficacy lower than the vaccine-inclined individuals. New vaccination programs that target young adults should emphasize the protection duration, low risk of vaccine side effects, and high efficacy.
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Gagnon, Claudia, Jean-Patrice Baillargeon, Guillaume Desmarais, and Guy D. Fink. "Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in women of reproductive age living in northern latitude." European Journal of Endocrinology 163, no. 5 (November 2010): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0441.
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ObjectiveThis study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) ≤50 nmol/l) and insufficiency (serum 25OHD 51–74 nmol/l) during summer and the predictors of serum 25OHD in young women of reproductive age.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsBetween May and September 2006, 153 healthy, ambulatory and essentially Caucasian women, aged 18–41 years, were recruited. Serum 25OHD and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured, and questionnaires were evaluated.ResultsAbout 3.9% of women had serum 25OHD ≤50 nmol/l with an additional 26.8% in the insufficient range. Most women (56.9%) had their blood sampled in September. Month of blood collection significantly influenced serum 25OHD. Body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with serum 25OHD, while traveling to a warmer climate during winter/spring and using oral contraceptive pills (OCP) were associated with higher serum 25OHD. Sunscreen was used by 77.8% of women, but only 3.3% reported consuming vitamin D supplements. BMI, serum PTH, travel to a warmer climate, and OCP use were independently and significantly associated with serum 25OHD, after adjustment for the month of sampling, and explained 40% of the variance in serum 25OHD.ConclusionsIn Canada, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is relatively high (30%) during summer in healthy women of reproductive age. Given the expected decrease in serum 25OHD during winter and the low consumption of vitamin D supplements, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is to be anticipated during winter, except maybe for those traveling to a warmer climate.
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Son, Elizabeth W. "Transpacific Acts of Memory: The Afterlives of Hanako." Theatre Survey 57, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557416000119.
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In producing Chungmi Kim's eponymous Hanako (1999), the first Asian American play on the topic of “comfort women,” East West Players (EWP) provided a critical space for addressing this devastating chapter of Asian history and showing its relevance to communities in the United States. It also inadvertently launched the play on a ten-year transpacific journey as Comfort Women (2004) in New York and as Nabi (2005–9) throughout South Korea and Canada. Hanako dramatizes the intergenerational bonds between a Korean American university student, her grandmother, and Korean “comfort women” survivors who travel to New York to give their public testimonies. As the play develops, one learns that the grandmother has been repressing her own memories of enslavement as one of an estimated two hundred thousand young girls and women euphemistically called “comfort women” whom the Japanese Imperial military forced into sexually servicing its troops in the years leading up to and during World War II. Survivors kept their wartime experiences a secret from the public until the early 1990s, when a social movement for redress emerged in Asia. Over the past two and a half decades, activists and artists from around the world have joined survivors in their quest for justice. The recent agreement in 2015 between South Korea and Japan to “resolve” the “comfort women” issue sparked outcry from survivors and their supporters for its insincerity and inadequacy, further galvanizing the movement. Hanako and its afterlives as Comfort Women and Nabi are part of the transpacific culture of political activism and artistic expression that contends with the ongoing struggle over the history of “comfort women.”
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Walker, Yvonne, James P. Chiou, and Miguel Diaz-Miret. "Case Report of Pulmonary Embolism with Right Ventricular Strain in a Young Female." Archives of Medical Case Reports 5, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/casereports.4.026.
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Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the pulmonary artery or one of the branches of the pulmonary tree, producing signs and symptoms immediately after the obstruction. Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of acute PE that can lead to hemodynamic instability and death. The incidence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. In women, the risk of PE increases with pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. In this case, the patient was in her forties and presented with a sudden episode of continuous dyspnea that worsened over four hours. The dyspnea was associated with palpitations and diaphoresis. The clinical scoring tools had a low pre-test probability for PE. The patient had no risk factors for PE other than being obese. Significant laboratory workup showed troponin of 0.10, D-dimer of 8.10, and a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 1,160. Her computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed extensive pulmonary emboli in the bilateral main and segmental pulmonary arteries, with findings consistent with right heart strain. The patient was managed with an unfractionated heparin loading dose in the ED based on her weight, followed by a heparin drip. Then, the patient was transferred to a tertiary medical center for further interventions. Prompt recognition and treatment of a submassive PE are fundamental to improving patient mortality and morbidity.
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Fahy, Thomas. "Class, Gender, and Train Travel in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “A Short Trip Home”." Studies in the American Short Story 4, no. 1 (March 2023): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamershorstor.4.1.0018.
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ABSTRACT Trains captured the imagination of young Scott. How could they not with the James J. Hill, who built the Great Northern line that ran from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington by 1893, as a family friend. The Fitzgeralds also relied heavily on railroads in their personal lives. They moved almost annually throughout Scott’s childhood, and his mother enjoyed taking him on trips to visit relatives and to retreat to warmer climates. Not surprisingly, trains, though typically overlooked in analyses of Fitzgerald’s fiction, appear throughout his works. Inspired by numerous trips to St. Paul from his New Jersey boarding school and Princeton, Fitzgerald wrote “A Short Trip Home” in October of 1927, and it appeared in the Saturday Evening Post two months later. This work has received little critical attention in part because it has been dismissed as a ghost story. On the surface, this Gothic tale seems to be about a spectral thug who extorts upper-class women on trains, but by presenting the protagonist, Eddie Stinson, as a type of ghost himself, Fitzgerald crafts a dual narrative that offers a chilling commentary about patriarchal power. Eddie proves to be no less ruthless than the apparition of Joe Varland and no less predatory in his relationship with Ellen Baker. For Fitzgerald, these ghosts reveal an America terrified of egalitarianism, and Eddie’s attempts to vanquish the spirit of a working-class gangster and “protect” Ellen make it clear that the real horror can be found in the nation’s fear of female autonomy and eroding class hierarchies.
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Sautter, Lilja Mareike. "FEMININITY AND COMMUNITY AT HOME AND AWAY: SHIPBOARD DIARIES BY SINGLE WOMEN EMIGRANTS TO NEW ZEALAND." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000564.
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New Zealand experienced a massive influx of European immigrants in the 1870s and early 1880s after the introduction of Julius Vogel's assisted immigration programme. Single women under the age of thirty-five were a significant target group of recruitment schemes. They were expected to contribute to the colony's labour force as domestic servants and balance New Zealand's surplus of male settlers by becoming wives and mothers. Many of these young women had never been away from home until they embarked on their hazardous journey halfway around the world. Elizabeth Fairbairn, a single woman emigrant herself, was the matron in charge of the young women travelling to New Zealand on board the Oamaru in 1877–78. She narrates in her shipboard diary that Christmas Day made many of the single women homesick: “A great many of the girls grew downhearted last night and had such a good cry, poor things I was sorry for them, for the heart does feel things at a time like this and it is the first time a good many of them have been from home” (25 Dec. 1877). Jane Finlayson was one of these homesick “girls” on the same ship a year earlier. On 22 September 1876 she writes in her diary: “After parting with our friends at Greenock and thinking that ‘Whatever be our earthly lot, Wherever we may roam, Still to our heart the brightest spot, Is round the hearth at home’ we came with the tug on board this ship.” Having left their old home, the women emigrants spent three months crammed into an uncomfortable steerage compartment, honing domestic skills such as sewing and knitting. The ship became a temporary home in which the emigrants prepared for their future life in New Zealand. Metropolitan notions of femininity which located women in the private, domestic sphere had to be questioned and modified on board. While the single women's compartment was supposed both to become a home away from home and to represent a domestic setting, the transitional and public nature of shipboard space complicated both of these projects. This ambiguity relates to an image of single women which was similarly contradictory. The single woman emigrant was a figure at the centre of discourses of femininity and community: on her centred hope but also anxiety. Like in other settler colonies, it was imagined in New Zealand that women would exert beneficial moral and religious influence upon male-dominated colonial society. Women were thus expected to act as creators of community, both ideologically through their moral influence and physically by bearing children. However, until they got married, single women also represented a threat: they were often held responsible for the increase in prostitution in New Zealand (Macdonald 180). This illustrates the danger women could embody: again, both ideologically, since prostitution was seen as contaminating the moral character of society, and physically, since deviant sexual activity was often seen as undermining the biological purity of the community. How did such notions of femininity and community travel from Britain to New Zealand? How were they constructed and redefined during the transitional period of the voyage? In order to explore these questions this essay discusses two texts that also travelled, and narrate travelling: the two shipboard diaries by Elizabeth Fairbairn and Jane Finlayson referenced above, which look at single women's experience of emigration from the slightly different perspectives of a matron and a young woman under the care of a matron. The figure of the matron is an ambiguous one within the notion of women as representing both hope and anxiety: she is not married but nevertheless in a position of relative authority compared to the other single women on board. Elizabeth Fairbairn's diary represents her efforts to create unity among the women under her charge by submitting all of them to the same ideology of femininity. However, her text also has to deal with her own complicated status within the social structure of the ship. Jane Finlayson's text aims to contain anxiety and ambiguity by framing subversive and frightening events within the generic conventions of a shipboard diary. It negotiates the position of the single women on board while simultaneously reaffirming this position.
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Steckenbiller, Christiane. "Rethinking the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean through Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017)." Journal of European Studies 52, no. 2 (June 2022): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090714.
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Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017) thematizes the arrival of refugees on Europe’s shores and the division of Europe into core and peripheral regions. The psychological thriller tells the story of two young wealthy white women whose daily routines of swimming and sunbathing are interrupted when they meet a Syrian refugee on a secluded beach. In this article, I argue that the novel overlays geographies of forced migration with those of Greek national history, myth, travel, crime, and violence. The murder committed on a Greek island compels readers to examine what might be considered the larger ‘crimes’ of Europe – exclusionary refugee policies, the meddling in Greek affairs, and the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In doing so, the novel asks us to rethink the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean as holiday destination, deadly outer border, and Southern Other, both intra- and extra-European at the same time.
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Arruda, Luciana Barros de, Fabrício Souza Campos, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca, João Pessoa Araújo Junior, and Fernando Rosado Spilki. "31st Brazilian Online Society for Virology (SBV) 2020 Annual Meeting." Viruses 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030414.
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The year 2020 was profoundly marked by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, which represents the greatest pandemic of the 21st century until now, and a major challenge for virologists in the scientific and medical communities. Increased numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infection all over the world imposed social and travel restrictions, including avoidance of face-to-face scientific meetings. Therefore, for the first time in history, the 2020 edition of the Brazilian Society of Virology (SBV) congress was totally online. Despite the challenge of the new format, the Brazilian society board and collaborators were successful in virtually congregating more than 921 attendees, which was the greatest SBV participant number ever reached. Seminal talks from prominent national and international researchers were presented every night, during a week, and included discussions about environmental, basic, animal, human, plant and invertebrate virology. A special roundtable debated exclusively new data and perspectives regarding COVID-19 by some of the greatest Brazilian virologists. Women scientists were very well represented in another special roundtable called “Young Women Inspiring Research”, which was one of the most viewed and commented section during the meeting, given the extraordinary quality of the presented work. Finally, SBV offered the Helio Gelli Pereira award for one graduate and one undergraduate student, which has also been a fruitful collaboration between the society and Viruses journal. The annual SBV meeting has, therefore, reached its goals to inspire young scientists, stimulate high-quality scientific discussion and to encourage global collaboration between virologists.
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Susanti, Dwi, and Mochamad Suyudi. "WhatsApp Usage Training in Marketing Home-Based Products for Benzo Amanah Cooperative Members Bandung Indonesia." International Journal of Research in Community Services 1, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijrcs.v1i3.106.
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Currently, WhatsApp has become one of the categories of social networking that has been widely used by most people in Indonesia to share information. WhatsApp is believed not only to benefit online shops, retailers, restaurants, travel companies, and e-commerce but also to be one of the most effective tools in building a business brand. WhatsApp is not only in demand by men and women who are young entrepreneurs but also for communities who have a passion for developing businesses from home (home business). Community Service Activities that have been held on Tuesday, January 11, 2020, are carried out to socialize the use of the WhatsApp social network for members of the Bandung Indonesia Benzo Amanah Cooperative. The training was carried out using a 2-hour classical method in the form of making WhatsApp Group, delivering core material by expert speakers, and sharing experiences to further motivate Members of the Benzo Amanah Cooperative Bandung Indonesia to become a home mompreneur.
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Anastasio, Geraldine D., and Allen E. Shaughnessy. "Salary Survey of Ambulatory Care Clinical Pharmacists." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 17, no. 3 (May 6, 1997): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03066.x.
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To determine salary and selected fringe benefits of members of the Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, we developed a self‐administered questionnaire that surveyed demographic information, schooling and training, academic appointments, yearly salary (as of February 1, 1995), source of salary, outside income, annual raise, vacation time, financial support for continuing education, and board certification. Ninety‐nine surveys were returned (return rate 46%). Respondents were mostly women (58%), their average age was 34 years (range 25–51 yrs), and they had a median of 5 years in the work force. Most respondents (67%) had residency training, whereas only 21% had fellowship experience. Board certification was reported by 46%. The median salary was $53,500 (average $55,861, range $35–90k), with progression for academic rank. The last salary increase averaged 3.7%. Most (93%) respondents received an average of $1509 for travel. The survey represents a young work force. The salaries vary but show progression for accomplishment.
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Min, Woong-Ki, and Sehyun Kim. "A Reflective Discussion on Tourism as Experience of Cultural Content in Pursuit of Authenticity of the Socially Disadvantaged* - A Comparison of Perceptions of Safety in Tourism Activities and a Relationship Analysis between Tourism Activities and Life Satisfaction -." Korea Association Of Cultural Economics 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36234/kace.2024.27.1.107.
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This study examined the differences in the perceptions of safety in tourism activities of the socially disadvantaged and the effects of tourism activities on their life satisfaction to have a reflective discussion on tourism as the experience of cultural content for the socially disadvantaged’s pursuit of authenticity. The socially disadvantaged questioned were categorized specifically into disabled people, multicultural citizens, pregnant women, and women raising infants and young children. The study analyzed the perceptions of the general public and the socially disadvantaged on the physical environment for tourism activities and safety from deviance and crime, and the effects of the socially disadvantaged’s involvement in tourism activities on their life satisfaction, including the perceptions of safety in the environment of a tourism destination. The analysis showed differences between groups in the perceptions of safety in the physical environment for tourism activities and safety from deviance and crime. For the socially disadvantaged who had no domestic travel experience recently, the more they perceived to be at risk from deviance and crime at a tourist destination, the more their life satisfaction decreased. The results are expected to be used as basic data for support policies for the socially disadvantaged that enable tourism activities, which are the epitome of experiencing cultural content in pursuit of authenticity.
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Sitkulanan, Piyaporn, Kunnikar Chaisitsanguan, Prakaipetch Winaiprasert, and Amporn Krutwong. "A determination of the influence of birth control among minority women in thailand: a qualitative study." Journal of Public Health and Development 21, no. 2 (April 4, 2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210204.
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Contraception information and services are the basis of the health and human rights of everyone. Young girls who become pregnant are at greater risk for problems arising from early child deliveries. Contraception in older women likewise results in increased risk. It was found from the particulars of contraception use that the male partner has a great deal of influence, and that the same is true of the perspectives and experiences of the people surrounding his partner, the expectations of her family and her desire for more children. In Thailand, there are ethnic groups of numerous tribes, among whom are the Karen, who make up the largest of any such group. The Karens have a low rate of contraception use and low incomes with reduced resources. Thus, family planning is an important key in reducing their population growth and the impact on their economy, environment and development. The purpose of this study was to explore the determining influence of contraception among minority women in Thailand in the form of descriptive qualitative research. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The research showed that the use of contraceptive services by Karen women was restricted by the culture, beliefs and social conditions characteristic of their ethnic origin. The husband and extended family influenced their contraceptive decisions. The prevailing belief was that contraception is the duty of women. Some women used herbs for contraception. They had difficulty communicating when receiving contraceptive services. Karen people have little income; so they cannot afford expenses related to contraceptive services requiring them to pay for travel costs. Furthermore, the road conditions make the trip awfully difficult, and their houses are situated far from the hospitals. In conclusion, determining the influence of birth control among minority women in Thailand must be based on their beliefs, society and ability to access health services.
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Woodcock, Andree, Jacquie Bridgman, Kat Gut, Paul Magee, Sinead Ouillon, Janet Saunders, and Nicola York. "Increasing gender sensitivity with codesign." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp266–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.177.
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The Horizon Europe 2020 TInnGO (Transport Innovation Gender Observatory) project1 aimed to facilitate and empower the inclusion of underrepresented and diverse groups in smart mobility. Women are still considered to be an underrepresented group across the transport sector, forming less than 30% of all employees in the sector. Significantly women’s travel needs are not met by current transport provision, despite widespread evidence that they make different types of journeys and have different mobility concerns. It may hypothesised that even less is known about other minority groups (such as those from the BAME (Black, Asian, Minority and Ethnic community and those with disabilities). The design of future transport services and products is further skewed by the predominance of male undergraduate transport designers and engineers. While there are many noteworthy attempts to attract young women into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) careers and provide support for them in the male dominated sector, the work conducted by TInnGO’s Coventry team focussed on developing gender and diversity sensitive smart mobility solutions to highlight everyday mobility issues for women. These have been termed ‘Design provocations,’ 50 such designs were produced over 18 months in conjunction with 4 undergraduate design interns and are available for comment on our Open Innovation Platform2. From this experience, the team have produced a series of design tools to facilitate undergraduate student’s empathy and awareness when designing gender and diversity sensitive smart mobility products. [1] https://www.tinngo.eu/ [2] https://oip.transportgenderobservatory.eu/home
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Iwamoto, Satori, Mason Johnstone, Michelle Chiu, and Hillary Chu. "Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Young Woman with an Otherwise Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Journal of Medical Research and Surgery 3, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jmrs224074.
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It was well-observed that SARS-CoV-2 may cause a hypercoagulable state in hospitalized patients. Often these hospitalized patients exhibit severe upper respiratory symptoms with hypoxia, requiring high amounts of oxygen support. In this study, we report a young healthy 30-year-old woman with no medical problems, who experienced an embolic stroke due to an otherwise asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in July 2020. The patient presented to the emergency department after experiencing sudden slurred speech, dizziness, and acute left leg weakness during a social gathering on a river boat the day prior to admission. She also vomited once, non-bilious. The patient had no upper respiratory symptoms and had not been practicing social distancing nor wearing a mask. She did not have any sick contacts or significant travel history. Patient used oral contraceptives but never smoked. The workup included a Computed Tomography (CT) angiogram, an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and an Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the brain. It was significant for acute stroke with acute intraluminal thrombus causing partial occlusion of the distal basilar artery with left pontine stroke. Given that the onset of symptoms was greater than 4 hours, she was outside of the tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) administration window. Patient was also not a candidate for embolectomy as National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 3 and the occlusion was partial. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was positive. D-Dimer level was elevated but CRP was normal. Echocardiogram was unremarkable. The patient had no history of autoimmune disorder. Patient was initially treated with antiplatelet medications aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix). Her condition improved and she could ambulate with a front wheel walker and stand by to assist. She was discharged four days later with anticoagulation medication rivaroxaban (Xarelto) for 3 months. This case illustrates that patients with an otherwise asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection may still suffer from complications of SARS-CoV-2. Do women on oral contraceptives have higher risk of arterial embolism when infected with SARS-CoV-2? More study is needed.
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Ortega, Josue, Yasmany García-Ramírez, and Carolina Parreño. "Understand the impact of positive and negative information on public opinion about autonomous vehicles among young Ecuadorians." Green World Journal 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53313/gwj62080.
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Technological advances have accelerated the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in recent years. AVs offer several potential benefits, such as improving road safety, fuel efficiency, traffic flow and reducing greenhouse gases. The problem is that while AVs offer potential benefits, they also present ethical challenges and concerns, and there is a lack of research on public perceptions specifically among young Ecuadorians, who are heavy technology consumers. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of young Ecuadorians towards AVs by presenting them with positive and negative information about AVs. More than 500 surveys were collected using the snowball technique in the community of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), which is located in a city in the south of the country. The survey looked at their perceptions before and after they were presented with positive and negative information about AVs. The study found gender and driving frequency differences in the perception of (AVs, with women exhibiting greater reductions in their opinions and confidence levels about AVs compared to men, and overall, there was a slight decline in opinion towards AVs, accompanied by increased concerns about AVs travel. Driving frequency had an impact on perception and concerns. This type of study allows for a better understanding of the perceived benefits and concerns regarding AVs adoption in Ecuador.
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Knez, Igor. "Life goals, self-defining life-goal memories, and mental time travel among young women and men going through emerging versus entering adulthood: An exploratory study." Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 4, no. 4 (December 2017): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cns0000123.
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