Academic literature on the topic 'Young people's climate change activism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Young people's climate change activism"

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Bowman, Benjamin. "Imagining future worlds alongside young climate activists: a new framework for research." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.85151.

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Young people’s climate activism must stand as one of the most remarkable and important mass movements of our age. At levels of organization from the local to the global, young climate activists are coming together in massive mobilizations, and particularly school strikes, under the names of Fridays For Future, #FridaysForFuture, Youth for Climate, Youth Strike for (or 4) Climate and School Strike for (or 4) Climate. This article responds to the most extensive study of young people’s climate action published to date, entitled ‘Protest for a Future: Composition, Mobilization and Motives of the Participants in Fridays For Future Climate Protests on 15 March, 2019 in 13 European Cities’. In this significant and provocative article, an analysis is provided of the potential – and the need – for empirical work at local and international levels concerning youth climate activism that recognizes the often complex, liminal nature of young political agency and the diverse, intersecting motives that lead young people to demonstrate for action on climate change. Through this analysis, this article contributes to theoretical innovation to get beyond rigid, top-down understandings of young people’s political engagement, and instead build theory from young people’s visions of social, economic and political change in response to climate emergency.
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Bowman, Benjamin, and Chloé Germaine. "Sustaining the old world, or imagining a new one? The transformative literacies of the climate strikes." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 38, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2022.3.

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AbstractIn this article, we consider the climate strikes in the context of intergenerational narratives that de/limit young people’s political subjectivities and imaginaries concerning climate change. Considering the strikes alongside other youth-led responses to the crisis, we reconsider the question of young people’s climate change ‘literacy’ and posit that young people’s literacies are characteristically transformative. Despite their broadly transformative nature, however, the climate change literacies of young people remain bound up in a complex, adult-centred discursive framework that limits young people in various ways, including positioning them as objects of care or otherwise objectivising their activism. We advocate interdisciplinary thinking in support of creative and transformative pedagogies arising from and informed by the climate strikes, arguing that young people’s political subjectivities are indivisible from their cultural imaginaries. We advocate a step change in the way educators respond to the educational dimensions of climate strikes, as well as the educational opportunities this movement provides. Vitally, we include young people themselves in the category of educators and consider the ways the climate strikes represent an educational opportunity in which young people share, support and collaborate as educators and learners.
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Bowman, Benjamin, and Sarah Pickard. "Peace, Protest and Precarity: Making Conceptual Sense of Young People’s Non-violent Dissent in a Period of Intersecting Crises." Journal of Applied Youth Studies 4, no. 5 (November 2021): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43151-021-00067-z.

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Abstract The current young generation are living through socio-historically situated intersecting crises, including precarity and climate change. In these times of crisis, young people are also bearing witness to a distinctive global wave of youth-led activism involving protest actions. Much of this activism can be deemed dissent because many young activists are calling for systemic change, including the radical disruption, reimagining and rebuilding of the social, economic and political status quo. In this interdisciplinary article, between politics and peace studies, we investigate how the concept of peace plays an important role in some young dissent, and specifically the dissent of young people taking action on climate change. We observed that these young environmental activists often describe their actions in careful terms of positive peace, non-violence, kindness and care, in order to express their dissent as what we interpret as positive civic behaviour. They also use concepts grounded in peace and justice to navigate their economic, political and social precarity. Based on a youth-centred study, drawing on insightful face to face semi-structured interviews in Britain and France with school climate strikers, Friday For Future (FFF) and Extinction Rebellion (XR) activists, we explore how young environmental activists themselves related their dissent, and especially how they attached importance to it being non-violent and/or peaceful. Stemming from our findings, we discuss how young environmental activists’ vision of violence and non-violence adapted to the structural and personal violence they face at the complex intersections of young marginalization, global inequalities and injustices in the lived impact of climate change and the policing of protest.
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Raby, Rebecca, and Lindsay C. Sheppard. "Constructs of childhood, generation and heroism in editorials on young people's climate change activism: Their mobilisation and effects." Children & Society 35, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12447.

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Cattell, Jasper. ""Change is Coming": Imagined Futures, Optimism and Pessimism Among Youth Climate Protesters." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29598.

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In recent years, two unrelated developments have opened up new opportunities for examining how young people relate to climate change and participate in climate politics. First, there is a fast-growing literature in sociology and youth studies concerned with the roles of imagined futures in social action. Second, and more recent, is an explosion of youth-based climate activism, particularly the Fridays For Future movement. In this paper, I draw from in-depth interviews with participants in the Fridays For Future protests in London in Spring 2019, arguing that in this case of youth mobilization, protesters relied on shared, overarching narratives about the future of climate change, albeit ones that allow room for some divergence in opinion. In particular, I examine how regular involvement in the movement influenced participants’ imagined futures. Drawing from studies of similar issues by Kleres and Wettergren (2017) and Threadgold (2012), and from the phenomenological concept of “orientation” (Ahmed, 2005; Carabelli and Lyon, 2016), I argue that regular and repeated participation in climate activism engenders optimism among youth. This opens new ways of thinking about the relationship between political action and young people’s anticipations of climate change, with implications for scholarship of imagined futures, youth politics and climate politics.
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Cattell, Jasper. ""Change is Coming": Imagined Futures, Optimism and Pessimism Among Youth Climate Protesters." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29598.

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In recent years, two unrelated developments have opened up new opportunities for examining how young people relate to climate change and participate in climate politics. First, there is a fast-growing literature in sociology and youth studies concerned with the roles of imagined futures in social action. Second, and more recent, is an explosion of youth-based climate activism, particularly the Fridays For Future movement. In this paper, I draw from in-depth interviews with participants in the Fridays For Future protests in London in Spring 2019, arguing that in this case of youth mobilization, protesters relied on shared, overarching narratives about the future of climate change, albeit ones that allow room for some divergence in opinion. In particular, I examine how regular involvement in the movement influenced participants’ imagined futures. Drawing from studies of similar issues by Kleres and Wettergren (2017) and Threadgold (2012), and from the phenomenological concept of “orientation” (Ahmed, 2005; Carabelli and Lyon, 2016), I argue that regular and repeated participation in climate activism engenders optimism among youth. This opens new ways of thinking about the relationship between political action and young people’s anticipations of climate change, with implications for scholarship of imagined futures, youth politics and climate politics.
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Pickard, Sarah, Benjamin Bowman, and Dena Arya. "“We Are Radical In Our Kindness”: The Political Socialisation, Motivations, Demands and Protest Actions of Young Environmental Activists in Britain." Youth and Globalization 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-02020007.

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Abstract The year 2018 was a watershed in environmental activism, especially regarding young activists. Greta Thunberg started her School Strikes for Climate and the environmental movement Extinction Rebellion was founded. This article deals with young people’s involvement in these two global movements. It draws on 60 semi-structured interviews carried out with young environmental activists before, during and after protest actions under the auspices of the climate strikes and/or Extinction Rebellion in five British locations. The period of the political socialisation of this young generation is outlined and how it contributes to young people becoming environmental activists. The article then identifies the “radical” demands made by young environmental activists and their “radical” repertoire of contention in relation to their perceptions of the “radical” compared to hegemonic definitions. The interviews show that these young environmentalists are part of a generation of activists committed to obtaining significant change from powerholders through the use of deliberately non-violent direct action that challenges academic perceptions of radical repertoires of contention.
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Nairn, Karen, Joanna Kidman, Kyle R. Matthews, Carisa R. Showden, and Amee Parker. "Living in and out of time: Youth-led activism in Aotearoa New Zealand." Time & Society 30, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x21989858.

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Addressing past and present injustices in order to create more just futures is the central premise of most social movements. How activists conceptualise and relate to time affects 1 how they articulate their vision, the actions they take and how they imagine intergenerational justice. Two social movements for change are emblematic of different relationships with time: the struggle to resolve and repair past injustices against Indigenous peoples and the struggle to avert environmental disaster, which haunt the future of the planet. We report ethnographic research (interviews and participant observation) with young activists in these two social movements in New Zealand: Protect Ihumātao seeks to protect Indigenous land from a housing development, and Generation Zero is lobbying for a zero-carbon future. We argue that analysing activists’ articulations and sensations of time is fundamental to understanding the ways they see themselves in relation to other generations, their ethical imperatives for action and beliefs about how best to achieve social change. Protect Ihumātao participants spoke of time as though past, present and future were intertwined and attributed their responsibility to protect the land to past and future generations. Generation Zero participants spoke of time as a linear trajectory to a climate-altered future, often laying blame for the current crises on previous generations and attributing the responsibility for averting the crisis to younger generations. How activists conceptualise time and generational relations therefore has consequences for the attribution of responsibility for creating social change. Understanding and learning about temporal diversity across social movements is instructive for expanding our thinking about intergenerational responsibility which might inform ways of living more respectfully with the planet.
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Buttigieg, Karen, and Paul Pace. "Positive Youth Action Towards Climate Change." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 15–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2013-0002.

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Abstract This study focuses on the experiences of young people who are leaders of change in the environmental field. This study views environmental activism as a personal commitment towards pro-environmental behaviour. The motivations and challenges of such work are viewed as important to learn more not only about volunteering in environmental organisations, but also about pro-environmental behaviour. The main research problem was to explore these individualsí present and past life experiences, in the light of their activism, towards the issue of climate change. Narrative inquiry was chosen as a methodology for this research as it gives importance to experience and facilitates the study of an issue in all of its wholeness and complexity. The research involved in-depth interviews with three participants as well as living alongside the participants in an effort to build a relationship with them and to experience being an environmental activist. The participants were members of a local environmental organisation ñ Friends of the Earth (Malta). The outcomes of this study provide an opportunity for reflection on the factors that affect pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour and their implications on environmental education. This reflection will enable informed efforts to engage more young people in environmental activism. From the narratives produced, it is clear that there is no single factor that is optimal for promoting pro-environmental behaviour and environmental activism. These are, in fact, determined by a combination of interrelated factors.
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Enson, Stephanie. "Climate change and the impact on young people: Part two." British Journal of School Nursing 14, no. 10 (December 2, 2019): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjsn.2019.14.10.501.

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The environmental challenges and uncertainties facing children and young people can have a profound impact on their mental health and wellbeing. In the second of this two-part mini-series, Stephanie Enson looks at climate activism, education and the importance of maintaining hope.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Young people's climate change activism"

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Passmore, Phillip Scott. "Consequences of communicating climate science online : the effects on young people's reactions to climate science." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30021.

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This thesis reveals the potential pitfalls of relying on the Internet to communicate serious environmental issues. This exploratory research examines the consequences of aspects of the information society focusing on the effects of the Internet upon three reactions to climate communication: public understanding, perception of risk and support for climate change mitigation. It examines the implications of the rise of the information society on young people’s (18-25 year olds) consumption of media and climate science information. The information society literature emerged before the Internet, but predicted the increasing access to information that has arisen in the past two decades and its significant impacts on society and communication. An analytical framework is developed focusing on the sharing of information and the consequences of both misleading information and competition for the user’s attention. To explore the impact of the Internet upon public perception of risks posed by and their understanding of climate change, this research uses a mixed methodological approach. The qualitative approach of focus groups has been selected to establish how young people use the Internet and whether they share and actively engage with climate change information online. A quantitative approach of the experimental method has critically examined the impact of junk information (climate sceptic material) and information overload (competition for users’ attention) on reactions to climate science. The original contribution to knowledge of this thesis was the key finding that the lack of engagement with climate science online poses a more serious issue than the risk of climate sceptic information being virally shared. Simply having the information accessible is not enough when there is so much competition for users’ attention and the ease with which they can filter out climate change information.
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Book chapters on the topic "Young people's climate change activism"

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Alam, Meredian. "Young People as Transformative Citizens Fighting Climate Change." In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change, 375–93. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch019.

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The government of Indonesia has launched environmental policies to address the risks of climate change at the national to local levels and involves all elements of development: economy and business, education, environment and forestry, and transportation. In fact, behavioral change is seen as unsustainable, particularly in people's everyday lives. As this problem emerges, Indonesian young people through youth-led environmental organizations hold environmental activities to alternatively introduce and educate communities and schools to recognize and identity climate change impacts. The author then presents two successful youth organizations: Greenpeace Youth Indonesia (GYI) and the Indonesian Students Climate Forum (ICSF). GYI's actions are more stirred with Greenpeace's ideology, which focuses on direct campaigns, protest, and young activist mobilization, while ICSF's repertoires for mitigating climate changes are more community schools-based educational outreach. Although both of them are distinct in nature, their works have been transformative and applicable.
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Alam, Meredian. "Young People as Transformative Citizens Fighting Climate Change." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 230–54. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3677-3.ch010.

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The government of Indonesia has launched environmental policies to address the risks of climate change at the national to local levels and involves all elements of development: economy and business, education, environment and forestry, and transportation. In fact, behavioral change is seen as unsustainable, particularly in people's everyday lives. As this problem emerges, Indonesian young people through youth-led environmental organizations hold environmental activities to alternatively introduce and educate communities and schools to recognize and identity climate change impacts. The author then presents two successful youth organizations: Greenpeace Youth Indonesia (GYI) and the Indonesian Students Climate Forum (ICSF). GYI's actions are more stirred with Greenpeace's ideology, which focuses on direct campaigns, protest, and young activist mobilization, while ICSF's repertoires for mitigating climate changes are more community schools-based educational outreach. Although both of them are distinct in nature, their works have been transformative and applicable.
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Bynner, John, and Walter R. Heinz. "Political participation, mobilisation and the internet." In Youth Prospects in the Digital Society, 111–26. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447351467.003.0008.

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Youth prospects are related to the possibility of participating in the political process, including political activism, mobilisation, and the internet. The focus is on political education and engagement in use of the internet, exemplified by the impressive, digitalised campaigns launched internationally on such issues as climate change and saving the planet. Young people perceive the political process as mainly online. Political socialisation takes place via social media where the interest in national and European issue is rather limited. Media competence must be developed early and organised as a ‘toolbox’ for dealing with the character of communications. New youth movements like “Fridays for Future”, however, have mobilised youth to participate in the debate about climate change and young people’s voting preferences in national and EU elections and are also addressed.
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La Terr, Alessio. "Cultural activism against inequalities: the experience of Quaderni Urbani in Bologna." In Young People's Participation, 17–28. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345411.003.0002.

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The chapter presents the story of Quaderni Urbani, a “cultural activism” project carried out by a group of young activists participating in a political squat (centro sociale) named Làbas and based in the city of Bologna (Italy). The chapter, written by one of the activists involved in the project, discusses how Quaderni Urbani has sought to combine cultural commitment with social conflict by organising independent, accessible, countercultural events (i.e. open workshops, thematic readings and collaboration with independent artists) inspired by the values of anti-fascism, anti-racism, and anti-sexism. Reading the experience of Quaderni Urbani through the lenses of Frankfurt School’s critical theory and Bourdieu and Passeron’s analysis of culture as reproduction, the chapter analyses how Quaderni Urbani has attempted to transform art and culture in ways that will foster social change and question hegemonic thinking.
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Moellendorf, Darrel. "Hope for a Warming Planet." In Mobilizing Hope, 15–34. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190875619.003.0002.

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Despite objections to the contrary, there are good reasons for policymakers to aim toward the goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C. Two reasons for not making this temperature target a policy goal are rejected. One is the Uncertainty Objection, which stresses our ignorance about how much warming is produced by our emissions and what the broader effects of that warming will be. The second is the Priority to Global Poverty Eradication, which claims that we should pursue development first and deal with climate change later. This chapter introduces and defends the Anti-Poverty Principle. Finally, the chapter introduces the idea of hope-makers, bits of evidence or explanation of the likelihood of our hopes coming to pass. These may be states of affairs or theories, or even human action capable of contributing to the outcome. The most important among these is the upsurge in climate activism by young people around the world.
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Gash, Alison L., and Daniel J. Tichenor. "The Political Agency of Young People." In Democracy's Child, 137—C4.P107. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197581667.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on young people as leaders, advocating for their own interests. It charts the many moments throughout history when young people have charted their own course—and have transformed policies and institutions. The chapter tells the story of young heroes like Diane Nash who faced death while leading scores of other students to dismantle Southern racial apartheid and the Dreamers who challenged President Obama and, later, Donald Trump while risking deportation. It introduces climate change activists who organized international protests on the bus ride to school and the March for Our Lives leaders who led millions in protest—while being vilified by public officials—as well as the young Black Lives Matter heroes whose words and actions catalyzed a nation and the transgender students who faced verbal and physical attacks while demanding decency and policy reform. Finally, the chapter considers the multitudes of other young people who used their passion and command of social media to transform the practice of politics.
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Bergh, Johannes, Kari Steen-Johnsen, and Guro Ødegård. "Det politiske generasjonsgapet." In Ungdommen, 337–60. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.142.ch15.

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In the last few years, there has been a rise in political activism among young people across the democratic world. We have seen them protesting against racism and demanding stricter climate policies. This chapter deals with political participation, values and the political agenda of young people in Norway over the last 20 years. Have there been changes over time, perhaps linked to digitalization and globalization, during this period? Have these developments led to a political generation gap between young people, adults and the elderly? Our analyses do indeed reveal an increasing age gap in which young people have different political preferences than persons in the older age groups. While these differences are greater now than at any other point in the last 20 years, they still remain moderate. Young people hold more radical positions on climate policy, they are more liberal concerning immigration, and they are somewhat to the right of the adult population when it comes to economic policy. Voter turnout and other forms of political participation have increased among people under the age of 30. Younger people are more prone to mobilize for political activism on digital platforms through their social networks than people in the older age groups are. Using perspectives from the sociology of generations, we discuss the implications of our findings for the political mobilization of young people in a digital future.
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Wang, Tingjia. "Developing Environmental Literacy Through Eco-Documentary-Mediated Climate Change Education." In Enhancing Education Through Multidisciplinary Film Teaching Methodologies, 122–41. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5394-0.ch007.

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Eco-documentaries have been widely used as effective resources to engage young people in discussion and education about climate change. Despite the increasing interest in climate change, secondary school educators are facing significant challenges in the design and implementation of climate change education due to the lack of a comprehensive, widely-applicable educational approach. Drawing on social semiotics, this chapter aims to develop a metalanguage toolkit for eco-documentary-mediated climate change education. The metalanguage toolkit will provide both educators and students multimodal lenses to understand how a wide range of semiotic modalities (e.g., language, image, music, shot editing, camera angle) are carefully selected and configured into a cohesive filmic text, and how the filmic text effectively serves the climate change activist purpose. Findings will suggest an educational path for the development of environmental literacy through the development of multimodal literacies. This chapter will draw more scholarly attention to the in-depth exploration of eco-documentaries.
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Johnson, Annette, Cassandra McKay-Jackson, and Giesela Grumbach. "Essential Elements for Promoting Student Voice: An Expanded Framework for Critical Service Learning." In Critical Service Learning Toolkit. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190858728.003.0007.

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This critical service learning (CSL) model has youth voice as the cornerstone and places it at the center of the approach. The term youth voice describes a strategy in which young people are authentically engaged in working toward changing the systems that directly affect their lives. Instead of their input remaining at the discussion level, youth conceptualize, research, and develop action plans to make recommendations to policymakers. This places youth in a unique position to advocate for their communities, which provides a real- world opportunity for them to learn components of the change process. Practitioners must create a safe and supportive environment to encourage youth voice. The practice environment, including the culture, structure, and group climate, must be intentionally created and sustained to make youth feel safe and supported enough to raise their voices. The youth’s voices, strengths, talents, actions, and achievements are continuously integrated into the CSL approach and are infused throughout all components of every activity, including brainstorming ideas (community web mapping), research, planning, evaluation, decision- making, advocacy, and reflections. In this model, the community web mapping (Lantieri, 1999) is central to the develop¬ment of the students’ voice. The practitioner facilitates the brainstorming for community web mapping. This activity may span three to five sessions and encourages youth to brainstorm about what they would like to change within their communities (or within their schools). The brainstorming session is youth centered and involves little to no adult redirection. This provides a chance for youth to verbalize their ideas without adult censorship. It allows youth to engage in active construction and integration of problem-solving, decision-making, and conflict resolution and may enable them to explore and confront social injustices on behalf of themselves or others. The literature suggests that when youth have authentic CSL experiences, academic achievement and civic competence increase (Howard, 2006; Kielsmeier, Scales, Roehlkepartain, & Neal, 2004). Youth who have these experiences develop a stronger sense of community, improve their prosocial attitudes and behaviors, and learn powerful lessons through social action.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Essential Education." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0034.

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The helplessness of newborn babies is very endearing. They can just about breathe unaided, but they are otherwise entirely unadapted and dependent. Babies can barely see, let alone walk or talk. Few animals come into the world so unprepared, and no other species is as dependent on learning as human beings are. Elephant calves, for instance, can stand up by themselves within a few minutes of being born. Most animals are similarly “preprogrammed.” Female elephants carry their young for no fewer than 22 months, whereas we humans have to go on investing in our offspring long after they are born. Children need years of adult protection. They guzzle fuel, too; their brains consume fully 60 percent of the newborn’s total energy intake. In the first year of life, the infant’s head buzzes with activity as neurons grow in size and complexity and form their innumerable interconnections. The way the brain develops is the subject of the next chapter (chapter 5.2). Here we concentrate on the way we are educated from the first day on. There is virtually no difference between Inuits and Australian aborigines in terms of their ability—at opposite ends of the earth and in climates that are utterly different—to bear children successfully. Other animal species are far more closely interrelated with their environment. Other primates have evolved to occupy a limited biotope determined by food and climate. Humans are much more universal. Every human child has an equal chance of survival wherever they are born. As a species, we delay our maturation and adaptation until after birth, which makes the inequality of subsequent human development all the more acute. Someone who is born in Mali or Burkina Faso is unlikely ever to learn to read. A person whose father lives in Oxford, by contrast, might have spoken his or her first words of Latin at an early age. Inuit and aboriginal babies may be born equally, but their chances begin to diverge the moment they start learning how to live. We are not shaped by our inborn nature but by the culture that is impressed upon us by the people with whom we grow up.
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Conference papers on the topic "Young people's climate change activism"

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A. Buzzetto-Hollywood, Nicole, Austin J. Hill, and Troy Banks. "Early Findings of a Study Exploring the Social Media, Political and Cultural Awareness, and Civic Activism of Gen Z Students in the Mid-Atlantic United States [Abstract]." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4762.

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Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.
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