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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Young offenders'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Van, der Meer Eveline. "Promoting young offenders' engagement in education : the views of young offenders and educational providers." Thesis, UCL Institute of Education (IOE), 2009. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/19911/.

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2

Gowland-Pryde, Ronda Jane. "Leaping forward : from 'young offenders' to 'young artists'." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411961/.

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This study aimed to examine the impact of a Gallery-supported Arts Award programme on young people who have offended. Using a mixed methods approach, which principally employed qualitative and biographical techniques, this research embedded an innovative typology based on the memoirs of Brian Dillon. The typology helped to stimulate the memory recall of participants, and provided structure to the collation and analysis of the data. Conducted in two phases, I began by examining the impact of the Gallery-supported Summer Arts Colleges run from 2007 to 2011 on young people. In the second phase, impacts were explored through the experiences of young people who attended a Weekly Arts Award programme from 2012 to 2013. In all, six purposive young people participated in this study. The data was further informed by semi-structured interviews with Artist-Educators, Youth Offending Service Workers, session observations, Artist-Educator reflective journals, associated visual data and project reports. Conceptualising the Arts Award programmes as a type of 'rite of passage', I considered how young people could potentially be transformed. The findings from this study demonstrate how the two different programmes can cause a positive effect on the individual young people in their daily lives, as well as highlighting wider social impacts aligned to the Arts Award criteria and the impact assessments of Matarasso. In addition to discussing the implications of this study and providing future recommendations, the outcomes of this research showed that: (1) Arts Award accredited programmes as a type of rite of passage can improve the accessibility of art for young people who have offended; (2) they are effective in supporting young people in desistance from crime; and (3) the use of contemporary art and galleries as part of these programmes can help support young people's re-engagement with learning, thereby helping to transform 'young offenders' into 'young artists'.

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3

Baker, Kerry. "Risk assessment of young offenders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404192.

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4

Connell, Patricia Anne. "Bullying among incarcerated young offenders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266330.

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5

Maclennan, Frances Emma Baraja. "A study to investigate the capacity to mentalize in young male offenders and young male non-offenders." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514378.

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6

Md, Taib Rosfizah. "Educational opportunities for Malaysian child and young offenders : realizing children's rights or rehabilitating offenders." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7653.

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This thesis examines the extent to which, and the reasons why, the government of Malaysia provides educational opportunities for children and young people who are being detained in the closed (penal) institutions on orders under section 91 (1) (f) and section 97 of the Child Act, 2001. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the driving factor(s) that motivate the government of Malaysia in formulating and implementing policy and law in regards to providing educational opportunities for such young people. The thesis, therefore, examines the conceptualization by the Malaysia Prisons Department of children‟s rights, particularly their rights to education and offender rehabilitation. Analysis reveals that, educational rights in Malaysia have such priority because education is seen generally as the way to socialize (all) young people and to improve human capital and economic potential in Malaysia. Consequently, rehabilitation in Malaysian penal institutions is conceptualized almost entirely as education. The thesis argues that the Malaysian government has been using children‟s rights to education and also offender rehabilitation to improve the process of socialization of young people in prisons institutions to enable them to contribute to the achievement of the national goals.

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7

Blumenfeld, Frances N. "Empathy and attachment in young male offenders." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492864.

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8

Kallies, Lynn Elizabeth. "Task-centered social work with young offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23359.pdf.

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9

Hung, Suet-wai. "Desistance among young offenders in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29725549.

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10

Aleixo, Paulo Alexandre. "Personality and moral reasoning in young offenders." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34652.

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The studies presented in this thesis, examined the differences in personality, moral reasoning maturity, intellectual capacity, and family background variables in convicted male young offenders and controls. In addition, the relationship between these variables and self-reported offending behaviour was investigated. The main aim of the investigations was to test predictions from the theories of criminality proposed by H. J. Eysenck (1964; 1970; 1977) and Kohlberg (1969) which associate offending behaviour with lower moral reasoning maturity and the personality characteristics of high psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism. Results suggested that both official and self-reported measures of offending were related to high psychoticism and extraversion, lower moral reasoning maturity, lower intelligence (perhaps through mediation by moral reasoning and lower socio-economic status). Neuroticism was not found to be important in predicting offending in the age group used, but was assumed to be involved in older individuals when offending behaviour had developed into a habit. These variables were also found to interact to predict offending behaviours. Some of these variables (notably extraversion and neuroticism) were found to be related to specific types of offending. It was concluded that support for H. J. Eysenck and Kohlberg's theories of criminality was found and initial steps were taken in incorporating the various factors found to be associated with offending into a testable model of offending behaviour. Additionally, a study investigating response bias to moral reasoning and personality tests and another examining personality and moral reasoning in disturbed children are reported.

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11

Timmins, Brenda Maureen. "Peacemaking, an adaptive mediation model for young offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ42217.pdf.

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12

Jones, Denis W. "Conditions for sustainable decarceration strategies for young offenders." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/238/.

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Between 1978 and 1992 the number of juvenile offenders aged under 17 in England and Wales who were removed from home under sentence and sent to institutions such as detention centres, borstals, youth custody institutions or residential Community Homes with Education fell from 14,000 to 1,800. This thesis documents how this significant decarceration came about, and why it has been given little attention in the criminological literature, placing it in context of developments in juvenile justice legislation and practice between 1965 and 1996 and theories of policy change. It suggests that the key development was the funding of charity and voluntary sector organisations to provide Intensive Intermediate Treatment programmes to juvenile courts as an alternative to custody, and the development of a small group of practitioners willing to act as campaigning advocates for young offenders in court. Interviews with key politicians, civil servants, academics and practitioners from this period are used to explore these trends in more detail, and consideration is given to the respective roles of the Home Office and the Department of Health and Social Security and the tensions between them over responsibility for young offenders. The development is then situated within theories and examples of decarceration, deinstitutionalization, abolitionism and reductionism, drawing on attempts to close institutions or to reduce institutionalization in the fields of youth justice, mental health and learning difficulties in the UK and other countries. Alternative explanations of what happened in juvenile justice in England and Wales are considered and challenged. Conclusions are then drawn as to the conditions that are necessary for any decarceration strategy to be successful and sustainable.

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13

Seagram, Belinda Crawford. "Efficacy of solution-focused therapy with young offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ22928.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1997. Graduate Programme in Psychology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-249). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ22928.

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14

Rowe, Raymond. "Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System : a systems science approach to evaluating and improving Metropolitan Police Service policy toward young offenders." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8170/.

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The research reported here is concerned with a systems science approach to evaluating and improving Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) policy toward young offenders from 1992 to 1999. The MPS were concerned at the cost effectiveness of their policy and procedures toward young offenders, and the role of other agencies in the decision-making process. A multi-methodological approach was adopted to identify the problem situation and agree an agenda for change. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and a number of other methodological techniques were used to assist in identifying the problem situation. Archive data was gathered, interviews were conducted with representatives from a number of organisations and, questionnaires were designed to investigate policy and decision-making procedures for multi-agency youth liaison panels (MAPs) operating in the Metropolitan Police District. A number of MAPS were observed and identified as case studies to inform SSM. There were three objectives to this research: firstly to evaluate the problem situation; secondly to generate an agenda for change with those involved; and thirdly to evaluate any implementation that was likely to follow. The multi-methodological approach described above was used to evaluate the decision-making used by the MPS and MAPS involved in case disposal procedures. Secondly, this approach was also used to identify changes to the decision-making policy and procedures and to debate them with the MPS and MAPS. Thirdly, the same approach was used to obtain agreement to implement and evaluate the effects of those changes. The three objectives were achieved and lessons learned from the integration of multi-methodological techniques with SSM. This approach was considered to be an appropriate means for dealing with the complexity of the problem situation and in identifying improvements to police policy and procedures. The introduction of the `gravity factor' process has led to greater consistency in police and MAP decision-making.

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15

Wood, Catherine Jane. "A profile of young sex offenders in South Africa : a pilot study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002598.

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In-depth interviews and psychometric tests were conducted with 20 young, South African male, hands-on sex offenders, between the ages of seven and 15 years. These offenders were referred by both the legal system and the welfare and health system. The data was gathered for the purpose of drawing up a descriptive profile of salient psychological and sociological characteristics of this population group, the patterns of offenses, the circumstances under which the offenses occurred and victims selected. Results showed that half the sample had committed prior sex offenses. The majority of young sex offenders had a history of consenting sexual interactions, had committed a non-sexual offense and engaged in a range of other antisocial behaviours. Half the sample reported a history of physical or sexual abuse (under-reporting of such victimization experiences was suspected). Typically, the young sex offender w:~s sexually naive and had not received any suitable sex education. He was usually a scholar although his school attendance was often infrequent and he was likely to have failed one or more standards. His intelligence quotient was most likely to fall in or below the borderline range of functioning. He tended to be either socially isolated and socially anxious or alternatively reported having a number of friends and appeared to have adequate social skills. His home environment was typically characterized by overcrowding, alcohol abuse and domestic violence. A significant male relative of his was likely to have committed a criminal offense. In his community environment, he regularly witnessed violence and sexual activity. The sex offenses were usually carried out with a co-perpetrator in a variety of venues. The victim was usually known and younger (mean age = seven years) than the perpetrator (mean age = 12 years). The overall results suggest that young sex offenders commit an array of sexual offenses that do not represent sexual experimentation, but rather indicate a developing pattern of sexual deviance. Comparisons between the above profile and the literature findings are explored. Finally, recommendations for structural changes, assessment procedures, additional future research pessibilities and guidelines for the development of appropriate - treatment programmes are outlined.

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16

Swash, Laura. "Crossfields; a case study of an adolescent residential psychiatric unit." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340427.

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17

Wier, Stewart Scott. "Object relations middle group and attachment theory : gender development, spousal abuse and qualitative research on youth crime." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14759/.

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The basis to Freud's view that men and women are essentially separate entities with their own unique psychological construction and human potential which arises from their anatomical differences, will be challenged from the paradigm of object relations theory and related research from attachment theory. It will be argued that while a substantive understanding of gender development and the related issue of spousal abuse are influenced by such important factors as patriarchal domination, social oppression, socialized roles, and economic inequality between the sexes, these forces are considered to have a secondary psychological effect when compared with the formative influence of early object relations. The object relational paradigm to be outlined is that it is the distinctive emotional impact of the contents and attitudes that occur between the members of each family that establish the blueprints for subsequent feelings about oneself and others, from which particular relational patterns with others are pursued and acted upon within the larger social structure. Freud may be credited for his recognition and pioneering systematic investigation into the central importance of the unconscious in the development and functioning of human beings. Beyond this being a theoretical entity that is devoid of any scientific rigour which cannot be tested, proven, and therefore accepted as a legitimate therapeutic modality, information will be offered that suggests otherwise. Spousal relationships in which abuse constitutes a chronic pattern of interaction between the persons involved is understood to occur within contemporary North American society as a collusive arrangement between two emotionally impaired individuals. The argument will be made that they enter into an unconscious dialogue wherein each perpetrates and perpetuates the hopes and disappointments of their own and their partner's past intrapsychic relational experiences. Incarceration alone does not serve the emotional needs of young offenders, but instead, generally provides conditions which advance what is accepted, within this paper, to be a frequently disturbed psychic structure. The emphasis within the Canadian correctional system seems to emphasize incarceration over rehabilitation with the expectation that punishing those who break the law will result in an abstention from such acts in the future. The argument will be presented that in addition to ensuring public safety through imprisonment for some, there is mounting evidence which demonstrates the success of treatment programmes both within and outside of correctional institutions for those who break the law, and whose primary emphasis is on treatment and rehabilitation rather than detention and retribution. Contrary to therapeutic intervention being carried out as an adjunct to existing penal institutions, or that it be directed principally at the conscious acquisition of skills and information, it is proposed that such efforts are best administered within 2 comprehensive therapeutic environments. Further, it will be argued that rather than the previous and current emphasis which is directed primarily at a cognitive and behavioural level of the offender, it is the emotional foundation of the individual which has a direct influence on their long-term behaviour. Therefore, this aspect should constitute a fundamental component of the treatment program for the forensic patient for which psychoanalytic psychotherapy may play an important role.

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18

Pennell, Amanda Elizabeth. "The effects of video violence on young male offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727512.

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19

Banes, Jonathan. "Young offenders with intellectual disability : findings from focus groups." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422999.

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20

Sturdy, Helen Janet. "Judicial interpretations of the Canadian 1984 Young Offenders Act." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29643.

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This thesis attempts to explain changes in juvenile court reasoning from ‘personal’ to ‘social’ goals of justice. The introduction of social reasoning into juvenile justice has resulted in legal reform practices which circumscribe the domain of decentralized community youth services, increase the dependency and surveillance of deviant youth, result in harsher measures of punishment, and generally widen the network of social control through the law. The shift from the treatment intervention focus of the Juvenile Delinquents Act to the deterrence and punishment focus of the Young Offenders Act is maintained by incarcerations and a ‘downward’ sliding tariff of dispositions. The new social control administration formally enters the previously informal social control networks of family, community, and peer relations. Social change options through the law are increasingly centralized in the courts (where youth are concerned) at the expense of the law's potential for mediating decentralized collective change. The new form of social reasoning by which law reform occurs is explicated in order to critique its application for the current legislation and to explore possible use of collective change processes through law. I describe ‘social’ reasoning as a form of interpretive syllogism with the goal of social good satisfied through individual justice, in contrast to ‘personal’ reasoning which involves the individual's best interests as a good in itself. Social reasoning, as currently applied in the YOA, utilizes neoclassical rationality and sociological theories that relate actions to a presumed balance of diverse and competing social interests. My own understanding of the impact of Court interpretations of the YOA are based on in-depth interviews with 10 Youth Court judges in the Vancouver area. I analyze the legislative construction and judicial implementation of the YOA as reflecting a political strategy linked to and grounded in the knowledge relations of experts. Strategies for discipline are consonant with the rationalized practices of social science knowledge, located both in science (the medical model) and in law (sociological jurisprudence). The research findings suggest that ‘social’ reasoning, which is narrowly centered on legal problems arising from the behaviour of juveniles, pursues forms of crime control directly related to the needs of capital. The YOA is thus viewed as a new discourse (based on power and knowledge relationships) that aims to widen state-social control. Given the relatively narrow jurisprudential horizons of both the legislators who framed the YOA and the judges who apply it, the potential of law for effecting social change is curtailed. I conclude my analysis by suggesting a culturally reflexive approach in which legal reasoning, by a process of reconstructing the interpretive syllogism of law to include commonsense practical reasoning, could become more conducive to community change.
Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate

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21

Pamment, Nicholas John. "Working it out : young offenders' perceptions of community reparation." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/working-it-out(b1681e0b-a6af-4c2d-a4ec-e9c01aeb8636).html.

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Community reparation for young offenders was introduced under section 67 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and it involves the completion of unpaid work, such as painting and decorating, litter picking and graffiti removal. The Youth Justice Board (YJB) places significant emphasis on community reparation as a successful sanction, but concern has been raised about the poor quality of workplace provision and the deteriorating performance of the disposal. Crucially however, there has been no research explicitly focusing on youth justice community reparation within England and Wales. This study, therefore, reviews and integrates the research and evaluation evidence base for both adult community service and youth justice community reparation and as a result, establishes the most comprehensive model for the effective delivery of unpaid work, including the acquisition of employability skills. It then examines community reparation in practice within a single Youth Offending Team (YOT), utilising a combined methods approach and drawing upon the experiences of young offenders and their supervisors. This research shows that community reparation in practice does not match the available evidence base of what is thought to be effective. In particular, the YOT studied has adopted a formulaic approach to workplace allocation, with an over-reliance on low cost menial tasks. As a result, offenders and their supervisors are frustrated that such placements do not provide employability skills, a key factor associated with reductions in reoffending. This study concludes that youth justice community reparation has the potential to be a highly successful re-integrative intervention for young people, but it argues that more attention needs to be paid to the rehabilitative potential of the disposal. The study also suggests there is a need to disseminate an ‘evidenced-based best practice model’ for the successful delivery of community reparation to all YOTs, sentencers and relevant Inspectorate staff. This will contribute to increasing staff awareness and commitment to the disposal, making a valuable potential contribution to reductions in the use of imprisonment and its associated costs.

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22

Chrétien, Roland. "Neuropsychological signs associated with cognitive styles in young offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26111.pdf.

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23

Nicholson, Tavi Rea. "Attachment style in young offenders, parents, peers, and delinquency." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ45350.pdf.

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24

Ng, Chui-kwan Amy, and 吳翠群. "Turning points in the life transition of young offenders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574328.

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25

Meek, Rosie. "Young offenders and the transition from custody to community." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442427.

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This thesis is concerned with young men in prison and the manner in which identity processes impact on the transition from custody to community. The research is grounded in the participants' own accounts of their experiences and utilises an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Having contextualised the research with a detailed review of the relevant social psychological and criminological literature, Study 1 aims to explore the experiences of young men preparing for release from prison, and draws on the social psychological concepts of identity and reputation. Responding to the fact that criminological research tends to have a predominantly urban focus, Study 2 is concerned with pathways into offending and the return home for young prisoners from rural parts of the south west of England. Further highlighting cultural and community issues, Study 3 details the case study of a young Gypsy-Traveller in prison and after returning to the community. Turning to the impact of families, and in particular, parenthood on young men in prison, Study 4 introduces the relevance of a parenting identity on attitudes towards offending and life after release from prison. Drawing on the social psychological concept of possible selves, Study 5 explores the future self concept of young fathers in prison, whilst Study 6 investigates the types of parenting possible selves that are generated by this group of young prisoners. Concluding the focus on young fathers in prison, Study 7 describes the process and impact of delivering a parenting education programme in prison. Study 8 explores the experiences of family members who have previously been ignored in this area of research - the younger siblings of young men in prison. The research is summarised with a discussion detailing the impact of the research findings on the existing body of literature as well as policy and practice implications.

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26

Miller, Joel. "Young offenders from different ethnic backgrounds : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/779/.

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27

Liebling, Alison. "Suicide and self-injury amongst young offenders in custody." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303941.

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28

Ackland, Holly. "An exploration of young offenders' life trajectories through narrative." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8696/.

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The aim of the research is to explore young offenders' (YOs') subjective narratives of their life trajectories, ascertaining what internal and external factors have influenced their criminal pathway and capacity to desist from further criminal involvement post-incarceration. Young people's (YP's) narratives were collected through semi-structured, life-story interviews. In addition, youth justice professionals' views were obtained through focus groups, to gain insight into the systemic strengths and difficulties as interpreted by those who worked within the organisation. Similarities and discrepancies between YP's and professionals' views are considered. Numerous themes were established from YP's narratives and professional accounts, which highlighted a complex range of individual characteristics and elements of the system that have acted as both risk and protective influences across their life trajectories. Application of the Developmental Psychopathology framework (Cicchetti, 1984) was explored, to conceptualise the dynamic, interactive processes which occur between factors over the course of YOs' development. The outcomes are relevant for professionals working with offenders, ex-offenders, or children at risk of offending, including professionals in the youth justice system and Educational Psychologists (EPs), with implications for practice.

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29

Cope, Nina. "Drug use in prison : a study of young offenders." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77483/.

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This thesis explores the motivations, patterns and dynamics of young offenders' illicit drug use in prison. Based on qualitative research with thirty inmates and ten prison officers in a Young Offenders Institution the thesis describes the nature of inmates' drug use; the impact of the prison context on inmates' motivations to use; and the relationship between time and drug use. Drug markets, the nature of drug supply and their relationship with the dominant inmate culture is also discussed. The theory of legitimacy is related to staff and inmates' attitudes towards drug control and mandatory drug testing in prison. The conclusion identifies four main factors that influenced inmates' drug use in prison: individual, structural, relational and societal. Individual factors relate to the inmates' drug use before custody, stressing the need to understand the connection between inmates' drug using lifestyles outside and inside prison. Structural factors relate to the structures and regimes in prison. The organisation of prison life influenced when drugs were used and the motivation for using. The relational factors highlight the extent to which staff prisoner relationships influence trafficking and drug use in prison. Understanding inmates' relationships also provides an insight into drug markets, supply and distribution in custody. As neither the staff nor the inmates are immune to changing attitudes towards drugs, the societal factor highlights the broader structural context of drug use and considers the importance of understanding the complexity and continuity of inmates' drug use and offending, in order to effectively tackle their behaviour in prison.

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30

McEwan, Alexander William. "The relationship between personality and recidivism in young offenders." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1612/.

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31

Heinrichs, Cecilia, and Cecile Jacobs. "Difficult/troublesome boys and girls - constructions of young offenders." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24244.

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Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ fallstudie där konstruktioner av unga lagöverträdare har undersökts utifrån socialkonstruktivistisk teori. De huvudsakliga frågeställningar var: Hur konstrueras bilden av den unge lagöverträdaren i domstolsprocessen? Hur konstrueras bilden av den manliga respektive kvinnliga unge lagöverträdaren i domstolsprocessen? Undersökningen består av litteraturstudier och observationer av rättegångar med unga lagöverträdare. Totalt 45 stycken observationer gjordes. I resultatet framkom att rätten i samtliga fall dömde objektivt och i enlighet med lagen men att ungdomars attityd och uppträdande i rätten bidrog till rättens konstruktion av honom eller henne. Andra saker som påverkade rättens konstruktioner av de unga lagöverträdarna var förekomsten av tidigare domar i belastningsregistret, advokatens respektive åklagarens framställning och konstruktion av den unge samt relationen mellan gärningsman och offer. Vidare framkom att rättens konstruktioner av de unga lagöverträdarna kan påverka ungdomen genom stigmatisering och stämpling. Skillnader av konstruktioner med avseende på den unges kön framkom i rättens ordval och sättet att beskriva flickor respektive pojkar och deras brottsliga handlingar.
This essay is a qualitative case study in which constructions of juvenile offenders have been researched from social constructivist theory. The main question at issue is: How is the juvenile offender constructed during court proceeding? How is the female respectively male juvenile offender constructed during court proceeding? The examination consists of litteraturestudies and observations of juvenile offenders in court proceedings. Totally 45 observations were made. The result indicate that the court judged objective and in accordance with the law in all cases but the attitude and behaviour in juvenile offender could influence the court’s counstruction of him or her. Other things that could influence the court’s construction of the juvenile offender was wether the juvenile offender has former sentences in the criminal record, the councelor’s respectively the prosecutor’s construction of the juvenile offender and also the relation between the criminal and victim. The constructions the court produces could affekt the juvenile by marking and stigmatization. The constructions concerning gender was shown by the court’s choice of words together with the description of boys and girls and their transgressions of the law.

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32

Ng, Chui-kwan Amy. "Turning points in the life transition of young offenders." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574328.

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33

Hopkins, Thomas. "The language, literacy and communication skills of young offenders and non-offenders : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8147/.

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Research has identified young offenders (YOs) in custody as having low language, literacy and communication skills. However, the language, communication and literacy difficulties of YOs who are on court orders is still unknown and more research is required to fully understand the relationship between language and offending behaviour. This study aims to investigate the association between language, communication, literacy, and behaviour in young offenders on court orders using; 1) appropriate and relevant quantitative methods of assessment to establish levels of performance and 2) qualitative interviews in order to examine participants’ views on how language limitations affect social interaction. To address methodological limitations in previous research, confounds were controlled for by comparing YOs to a control group of non-offenders (N=25) matched on Socio-Economic Status (SES), Non-Verbal IQ and Educational Attendance (EA). An opportunity sample of 57 young offenders (age range 12-18 years) was recruited from a Youth Offending Service in the UK. Inclusion criteria required all participants to have English as their first language and for none to be receiving any speech and language therapy. The YOs performed below the expected level on all the language assessments based on comparisons with normative scores. Logistical regression analysis revealed that they were also performing significantly lower than their matched control group of non-offenders, especially on the spoken language and literacy components. Age, gender, ethnicity and looked after status were not significant contributors to the relationship between language and offending status. Findings indicate that language, literacy, and communication performance is associated with offending behaviour in accordance with the social model of adaptation, independent of SES and EA. This highlights the importance of not only delivering language, literacy and communication support to this population, but also the need to collaborate and offer training to the range of staff working with YOs. The advantages of incorporating relevant and functional age appropriate language tests alongside interviews to gain a holistic view of language, literacy and communication needs in YOs are discussed.

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Noguera, Stephen Andrew. "Communicative sentencing : exploring the perceptions of young offenders in the community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b327ea5-32db-4fac-ae4e-04ee31014d54.

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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate young offenders’ first-hand views of community punishment within the context of the extant literature on communicative theories of sentencing. Fuelled by the traditional marginalisation of young offenders’ views of penal interventions, and drawing upon the qualitative information yielded by fifty semi-structured interviews with 16-18 year old offenders, the study purports to enhance our understanding of the penal messages that punishment communicates to those who experience it. This research initiative is premised on the belief that an empirically-driven research project of this nature can contribute to an improved understanding of the relationship between the youth justice system’s preventive and rehabilitative aims and how offenders themselves perceive the communicative dimensions traditionally attributed to punishment. The Introduction contains the genesis of this investigation and establishes the parameters of the inquiry. Chapter Two analyses the available literature on offenders’ views and argues the case for further research. The third chapter examines the literature on communicative sentencing and anchors the project firmly within the relevant academic debate against which the study’s findings are analysed. Chapter Four contains a detailed account of the methodology employed and prefaces the analysis of findings. While Chapters Five and Six examine the penal messages offenders perceive during sentencing, Chapter Seven explores conceptual issues relating to the communicative functions interviewees ascribed to hard treatment and censure. The next chapter takes cognisance of how offenders conceptualise the penal messages that are transmitted to them during the administration of their sentences. The Conclusion examines the implications of the study’s findings for theory and policy, and proposes a cultural shift from an overly sceptical perspective which does not always afford much value to offenders’ viewpoints, to the creation of a new framework which will allow for greater offender participation.

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Långström, Niklas. "Young sex offenders : individual characteristics, agency reactions and criminal recidivism /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3530-0/.

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Torchin, Stephanie. "Aggression replacement training : evaluation of a program for young offenders." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78194.

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The Aggression Replacement Training Program (ART) is an approach to reduce aggression in Young Offenders. This program was implemented with a sample of youths on probation and living in the community (N = 21). The goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the program, and to measure changes in aggression, skill acquisition and recidivism rates. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was used. The Aggression Questionnaire and Skillstreaming Checklist were the main source of data and results were compared pre- and posttest. Recidivism rates were determined six months after the start of the program. An improvement in aggression scores was found in the ART sample, but this was not statistically significant. Only 5.8% of the total sample that had recidivated, committed an aggressive crime. Recommendations are made to maximize the efficacy of the ART program for the future.

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Gough, Jessie. "Risk factors and resilience in young offenders and their peers." Thesis, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542388.

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To, Yuen-wah Dorothy, and 杜婉華. "Restorative justice: its applicability to young offenders in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979075.

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Conachy, Mark. "Perceptions of attachment and family : young offenders in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275608.

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Seymour, N. A. "The community reintegration of young offenders on intensive probation supervision." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273301.

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Evans, Ceri. "The nature of memories of violent crime among young offenders." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407769.

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Simourd, David J. (David John) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The development of an empirically-based typology of young offenders." Ottawa, 1992.

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To, Yuen-wah Dorothy. "Restorative justice : its applicability to young offenders in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032241.

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Tlhoaele, Onicca Ofentse. "The effect of alcoholism in the family on young offenders." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10292004-124959.

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Taylor, Rosema Jackielyn. "Reducing High-Risk Young Adult Offenders' Attrition From Reentry Programs." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5135.

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Reentry programs have been demonstrated to reduce recidivism. These same programs experience high attrition rates that degrade effectiveness and reduce capacity. Recidivism rates are reported as over 77% after 5 years from release which negatively impact society, victims and the released offenders. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine recently released offenders' insights regarding attrition from reentry programs to provide program administrators with themes that may be useful in addressing attrition. Social learning theory was used to frame the study. Audio recordings were collected during semistructured interviews with 21 reentry program participants. The recordings were transcribed and organized by stage and individual participant. The data was then coded to develop emergent themes about attrition. The themes were unawareness of reentry programs, inefficient learning processes, and lack of cooperative relationships. The themes that offer insight into the self-reported feelings were optimism turns to frustration when learned skills do not provide the expected outcomes and willingness to inform others about the reentry program. Results may provide reentry program administrators with insights to improve the design and execution of reentry programs to facilitate completion by high-risk offenders, which may lower the risk of recidivism.

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January, Lindiwe Patience. "Recidivism amongst juvenile offenders in the Kroonstad Youth Centre : implications for social work services / by Lindiwe Patience January." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1070.

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A certain percentage of young offenders are re-incarcerated after their first offence and they land back in jail to serve a further sentence. This implies that they could not find their feet back in society once they have been released and it signifies failure on the part of the correctional authorities to rehabilitate the young offenders successfully. Recidivism is a complicated phenomenon which is not easy to deal with as the correctional institutions often have no control over the circumstances outside the prison walls affecting the young offender. The overall goal of this research was to establish the circumstances leading to the re-arrest of the young offender in the Kroonstad Youth Centre in order to adjust the rehabilitation programmes if necessary. The data was collected by means of a focus group consisting of young offenders who have been re-arrested after the first offence. The young offenders could not accurately identify the circumstances leading to their re-arrests, but they could give an indication of the family and community circumstances under which they must live. This ranged from unstable family life to community conditions not conducive to their adjustment. It was also found that the lack of support in the form of outside NGO's to assist them with their adjustment once they left prison was a serious shortcoming. It was recommended that intervention with the youth offenders should be focused on teaching skills that will help them to adjust in the community after their release. It was also recommended that families be trained on how to deal with the behaviour of the youths who has violated the law.
Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

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Ruwaily, F. M. "Social identities and social perceptions in correctional institutions : a case study of institutionalised juvenile delinquents in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282388.

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Atkinson, Majida. "Clients' and practitioners' perception of Intermediate Treatment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293088.

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Benstead, Katrina. "Disciplining leisure : a Foucauldian analysis of outdoor adventure for young people at risk and young offenders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22599.

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The rehabilitation of young offenders has been a persistent social dilemma to which many solutions have been proposed. One such approach has been to rehabilitate young offenders through the medium of outdoor activities, the utility of which as a means of personal development has long been recognised. In the early 1990's however some newspapers and politicians associated specialist criminal rehabilitative programmes with the generalised use of outdoor adventure as leisure, labelling such programmes as holidays, treats for young offenders and rewards for misbehaviour. This construction has undermined outdoor adventure programmes designed for rehabilitate purposes by generating public hostility and by shaking the confidence of their advocates. In addition to the practical effect of limiting its application, the construction of outdoor activity programmes as leisure has theoretical consequences. Leisure theorists have begun to challenge traditional concepts of leisure as a residential category which have situated this field as subsidiary to work and outside of those aspects of life which have been constructed as serious and important (work, education, politics, law etc.). This marginalisation of leisure has been challenged by work that examines its role as a site of meaning in life and as a field of social governance. Media and political representations which dismiss the utility of programmes because they are 'leisure' therefore ignore this theoretical move, contributing to, and reifying the traditional perspective by portraying leisure as frivolous and incapable of addressing important social issues. In the light of these problems this thesis proposes an alternative way of theorising outdoor activities, not as a form of leisure, but in a Foucauldian interpretation, as a form of discipline. This is important because as yet leisure and outdoor adventure theorists have made only limited use of Foucault's ideas. The portrayal of outdoor adventure as leisure is critiqued through a discourse analysis of brochure and newspaper representations. This reveals the ways in which leisure has been constructed as a frivolously response to a serious problem because it is perceived to embody fun, free-time and freedom.

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Greinke, Russell E. "The Changing Lives Through Lliterature program for juvenile offenders." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6015.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 11, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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