Journal articles: 'Young care leavers'

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Rogers, Mark. "Employing care leavers." Children and Young People Now 2022, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2022.6.40.

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Care-experienced young people can find looking for a job more difficult than their peers, but there are a number of measures employers can put in place to support care leavers entering the world of work

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Wade, Jim. "Progress for Care Leavers?: Young People Leaving Care." Adoption & Fostering 22, no. 4 (December 1998): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599802200413.

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Dorling, Kamena. "Rights of migrant care leavers." Children and Young People Now 2014, no. 22 (October 28, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.22.27.

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Gullo, Federica, Laura García-Alba, Amaia Bravo, and Jorge F. del Valle. "Crossing Countries and Crossing Ages: The Difficult Transition to Adulthood of Unaccompanied Migrant Care Leavers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 6935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136935.

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The social changes experienced in many countries have prolonged the transition to adult life for young people. That being said, those who leave child care cannot afford this privilege, in that they do not benefit from the same support and resources, having to confront an accelerated transition which exposes them to increased risk of negative outcomes and social exclusion. Moreover, this transition might be even riskier for unaccompanied migrant care leavers, who are four times as vulnerable, given their status as young people in care, as adolescents, as migrants and being unaccompanied. This paper seeks to explore the profiles, needs, and experiences of unaccompanied young migrants in comparison with other care leavers. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview to explore their pre-care, in-care, and aftercare experiences. A highly specific profile of unaccompanied young migrants has been revealed that differs from the other care leavers in terms of worse educational, occupational, and economic outcomes, limited support networks, and more obstacles to accessing aftercare supports. Conversely, they also exhibited some strengths, such as having less pre-care, in care, and aftercare traumatic experiences, less psychological distress and fewer risky behaviors compared with other care leavers.

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Maclachlan, Stewart. "Immigration Bill and care leavers." Children and Young People Now 2015, no. 25 (December 8, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.25.30.

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Stewart Maclachlan, legal and policy officer at Coram Children's Legal Centre, examines proposals in the Immigration Bill that would have a detrimental effect on young care leavers with immigration issues

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Lepper, Joe. "RAISING AMBITIONS FOR CARE LEAVERS." Children and Young People Now 2015, no. 22 (October 27, 2015): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.22.22.

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Care leavers are more likely to struggle to access education, employment and training opportunities. Joe Lepper looks at the challenges and highlights areas helping young people to achieve their goals

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Lukšík, Ivan, and Lucia Hargašová. "IMPACT OF RESIDENTIAL CARE CULTURE ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF CARE LEAVERS." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs92201818214.

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The quality of life of young adult residential care leavers is influenced by several factors. The impact of the residential care environment can be conceptualised as organisational culture. In our empirical study we explored how organisational culture affects the quality of life of care leavers. The research was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in 8 selected residential care facilities in Slovakia, and among 39 young care leavers. Data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using methods associated with grounded theory, and data obtained via questionnaires were analysed using statistical methods. The results show that adequate material conditions, adherence to facility rules, the space to act independently, responsive care, support in planning for the future, mutual assistance, and social support from peers and others are all likely to contribute to a higher quality of life for care leavers.

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Moslehuddin, Badal, and Philip Mendes. "Young people’s journey to independence: Towards a better future for young people leaving state care in Victoria." Children Australia 31, no. 3 (2006): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011238.

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Young people leaving state care have been found to experience deficits in all aspects of their life cycle. These include homelessness, poor educational and employment outcomes, involvement in juvenile crime and prostitution, mental and physical health problems, early parenthood and inadequate social support systems. These poor outcomes experienced by care leavers result from a range of factors relating to their pre-care abuse and neglect, poor quality and unstable care history and inadequate support for their successful transition to independence. Young people leaving state care in Victoria are currently lacking the ongoing and guaranteed support that would be expected of a good parent. Using relevant local and international literature and findings from a qualitative study involving 10 care leavers, this paper examines the factors that contribute to negative as well as positive outcomes for young people leaving state care. Some conclusions are drawn regarding policy and practice reforms that could lead to improved outcomes for care leavers.

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MacLachlan, Stewart. "Care leavers and the ‘local offer’." Children and Young People Now 2017, no. 14 (October 2, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2017.14.45.

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Stewart MacLachlan, legal & policy officer at Coram Children's Legal Centre, looks at recent changes in leaving care support, including the introduction of the “local offer” and support for young migrants

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Sanders, Michael. "University Challenge: Help for Care Leavers." Children and Young People Now 2021, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2021.10.22.

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Care-experienced young people are significantly less likely to attend university than their peers. Experts explore what support needs to be in place for them to access the benefits of higher education

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Bond, Sue. "Care Leavers’ and Their Care Workers’ Views of Preparation and Aftercare Services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818801106.

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Emerging adulthood is an exciting time, filled with possibilities while remaining supported. However, care leavers’ journeys into adulthood are compressed and lacking educational, financial, and social support. In South Africa, this is exacerbated by contextual factors and the absence of mandated services for care leavers. A qualitative study was conducted with four Child and Youth Care Centers in a town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Focus groups were held with young people in care and their care workers. Discussions focused on preparation for leaving care and aftercare services and the evaluation of these by each group of participants. Care leaving preparation consisted of independent living skills programs. Aftercare services were provided on an ad hoc basis, and there was no policy with respect to services to care leavers. The findings suggest that ongoing experiential learning and implementation of in-house policies may better prepare care leavers for emerging adulthood.

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Frimpong-Manso, Kwabena. "Stories of Care Leaving: The Experiences of a Group of Resilient Young Adults on Their Journey to Interdependent Living in Ghana." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818807114.

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Emerging adulthood is the developmental period from 18 to 25 years of age when young people explore the possibilities of life with support from their parents. However, young people with an out-of-home care background usually navigate this life stage with little or no support. As a result, many care leavers experience poor outcomes including homelessness and low educational achievements. These narratives fuel low expectations and a negative stereotype toward care leavers. This study offers an alternative perspective by sharing positive stories of care leavers. Specifically, it explores the factors that promote the successful transition to emerging adulthood for care leavers in Ghana. Four key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: networks of social support, personal capacities, preparation for adulthood, and positive relationships. These are the factors facilitating the care leavers’ successful transition into emerging adulthood. The study has offered recommendations for policy-making and practice including extending the statutory leaving care age.

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Mendes, Philip, Dee Michell, and Jacqueline Z. Wilson. "Young People Transitioning from Out-of-home Care and Access to Higher Education: A Critical Review of the Literature." Children Australia 39, no. 4 (December 2014): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.25.

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Young people transitioning from out-of-home care are known to have poor educational outcomes compared to their non-care peers. Yet little is known about the experiences or needs of the small numbers of Australian care leavers who enter higher education. This article critically examines existing Australian and international research on the access of care leavers to higher education. A group of pre-care, in-care, transition from care and post-care factors are identified as either hindering or assisting care leavers to maximise their educational opportunities. Some specific policy and practice reforms are recommended to enhance opportunities for Australian care leavers to participate in and complete higher education.

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Sekibo, Belema. "Experiences of Young People Early in the Transition From Residential Care in Lagos State, Nigeria." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818822232.

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This article examines the aftercare experiences of young people who have recently left a residential care institution in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design with 20 care leavers, and data collected were analyzed using Attride-Stirling’s thematic networks analytical tool. The young care leavers’ aftercare experiences were marked by many challenges with employment, finances, living and surviving alone, accommodation, and social integration. These challenges were due to inadequate preparation for independent living, as well as their orphan and care backgrounds. However, care leavers were filled with resilient optimism, in terms of personal and social factors. Personal factors related to hope of a brighter future, persistence, fear of failing, and engagement in menial jobs and savings, while social factors included formal and informal support systems care leavers mobilized for improved transitional outcomes. Recommendations for policy, research, and practice are made in light of these findings.

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Stephenson, Jo. "INSPECTIONS: Leaving care services." Children and Young People Now 2017, no. 13 (September 2, 2017): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2017.13.58.

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Modi, Kiran, and Gurneet Kaur Kalra. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 and the Support Provided to Youth Leaving Care in India." Youth 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth2010005.

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Widely across the globe, COVID-19 has placed massive strain on various parameters of life, including child protection, health, education and economic systems. Apart from these visible threats, this situation is having an ongoing devastating impact on the mental health and psychological wellbeing of people. Most young people leaving child care institutions (CCIs) on turning 18 are generally not prepared to leave care, but the transition has become even more difficult and worrisome during the pandemic. During the lockdown, most of these young people were stuck in their CCIs, and their rehabilitation plans—if they were made—could not be implemented, even though there were several mandates around Aftercare, as prescribed in The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015. The Care Leavers faced difficulties in various life domains, including a lack of access to higher education, the loss of jobs, economic disruptions, and social isolation, along with an overall impact on their mental health and physical health as an aftermath of COVID-19. Based on these issues and years of experience as practitioners, Udayan Care—an NGO in India—started a programme named the Aftercare Outreach Program (AOP), supporting Aftercare youth (Care Leavers) in their transition process in order to make them job-ready. This is an exploratory study designed to collect and analyse the data collected from the Care Leavers supported by the Aftercare Outreach Program (AOP), which included 54 Care Leavers from two places enrolled in it, i.e., 42 Care Leavers from Delhi and 12 from Vadodara. The findings of the study clearly indicate that planned and supported transition like AOP intervention can make a difference in the lives of Care Leavers, and can help them towards independent living, even more so in unprecedented times like COVID-19.

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Jindal, Purnima K., Manoj Kumar Suryawanshi, and Rajeev Kumar. "Preparing Care Leavers With Short- and Long-Term Interventions to Face Challenges of the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Asia." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349300320980191.

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COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented human and health crisis and has been affecting lives in many forms. What seemed to be a health crisis eventually became a major ongoing global economic crisis. Sector-wide disruptions are threatening both short- and long-term livelihoods and well-being of millions of youth around the globe, especially youth from vulnerable communities. Business closures threatened the operations and soundness of the enterprises resulting in layoffs and wage losses, affecting a major chunk of youth including the young care leavers of alternative care programmes in Asia. This called for customised interventions and support for such young care leavers. Immediate actions were needed for managing their mental health, for maintaining education continuity and for reskilling of such young care leavers to prepare them to cope with the pandemic. This article is based on the learning and experiences of SOS Children’s Villages responses to supporting nearly 1,500 care leavers in various Asian countries. SOS Children’s Villages is committed to ensuring quality care and protection of children and youth through its various alternative care programmes in 15 countries in Asia region. SOS Children’s villages responded to COVID-19 pandemic by supporting youth and care leavers in SOS family-like care. Primarily, these countries reported that the school closures mandated to combat the spread of the virus affected the education and learning of all the children and youth in their care. All projects in Asia started reaching out to the care leavers and started extending a wide range of support to them with both short- and long-term interventions. This article covers SOS Children’s Villages youth programmes, especially from 11 countries of Asia region—Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.

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Purtell, Jade, and Philip Mendes. "Stand By Me – Flexible and Holistic Support for Young Care Leavers: Smoothing Transitions from Care." Children Australia 41, no. 3 (August 17, 2016): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.18.

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Young people placed in out-of-home care (OHC) through Child Protection in Victoria are formally discharged by the expiration of their care order at the age of 18 years or younger. In contrast, young people in Australia generally live in their family home with parents or carers well into their twenties. Whilst there are a range of leaving care and post-care services funded for care leavers, these supports tend to be temporary and discretionary in contrast to the ongoing support young people receive whilst in care or, in some cases, from family and social networks post care. Numerous studies have documented the developmental challenges experienced by young people leaving state care, and the often poor outcomes faced by this group. The Stand By Me (SBM) programme was developed in Victoria to replicate the ongoing support provided in the UK to care leavers by Personal Advisers who remain available to assist young people until 21 years of age. Evaluation of the SBM programme has shown that ongoing, holistic support, including housing support, has assisted 12 young people through the SBM pilot to access stable housing, address multiple and complex issues, and form trusting relationships with SBM workers that contribute to positive outcomes.

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van Breda, Adrian D. "An Exploration of Complex Longitudinal Relationships Between Care Factors and Post-Care Outcomes in South Africa." Children Australia 43, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.20.

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Research on young people transitioning out of the childcare system and into young adulthood is inevitably reductionist in that it is unable to take into account the many complex forces that play a role in the development of a child from birth, into and through the care system and on to adulthood. Consequently, studies on the outcomes of care-leavers need to be interpreted with care and thought. This paper serves to illustrate these challenges in research and the various ways that research results can be interpreted by drawing on data from a study being conducted in a residential care programme in South Africa. Demographic, pre-care and in-care variables of a sample of care-leavers are compared with a set of independent living outcome variables a year after aging out of care. Unanticipated results are contrasted with those that were anticipated, and multiple interpretations of the same results are provided. Because of this, the author calls for judicious and humble use of research results when making judgements about the outcomes of care-leavers and the effectiveness of child welfare interventions.

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Baidawi, Susan, Philip Mendes, and Pamela C. Snow. "Young People in, and Transitioning from, Out-of-home Care and their Mental Health Issues: A Call for Evidence." Children Australia 39, no. 4 (December 2014): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.27.

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Young people leaving state out-of-home care are among the most disadvantaged and vulnerable young Australians, and a substantial proportion experience mental health issues. This article reviews the literature relating to the mental health of care leavers, highlighting the gaps in the current Australian research base. Available studies indicate that mental health issues may worsen during the transition from care, yet mental and emotional health may also be neglected during this stressful period. Furthermore, care leavers with mental health issues are highly vulnerable to poor post-care outcomes, particularly homelessness. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

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Takele, Anduamlak Molla, Messay Gebremariam Kotecho, and Philip Mendes. "The Poverty of Policy: Examining Care Leaving Policy in Ethiopia." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 8, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349300320982399.

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International research consistently shows that young care leavers’ journey from care to emerging adulthood is characterised by adversities such as unemployment, poor academic performance, homelessness, involvement in criminal activities, mental illness and early parenthood. As research evidence points out, such negative outcomes are closely linked with the existence of multiple placements, lack of mentoring, limited connections with significant others, the absence of early preparation to leave care, and a dearth of or inadequate policy frameworks that entitle care leavers to use aftercare support schemes. In order to support care leavers’ transition from care to emerging adulthood, Global North countries have implemented an independent care leaving policy framework that serves as a scaffolding for challenges that would arise from care leavers’ exploration of the adult world upon leaving care. However, such experience in formulation of policy to empower care leavers to be an independent adult is not well developed in countries in Global South due to the infant nature of research on care leaving and a preference for addressing the issues of care leavers in the existing child policy frameworks rather than formulating a special policy that deals with care leaving. The status of Ethiopia in this regard is not different. Existing policy frameworks concerning children have failed to address the needs of Ethiopian care leavers despite the existence of over five million orphan and vulnerable children in the country most of whom are placed in institutional childcare centres. This article presents the case for an independent care leaving policy in Ethiopia to address the multifaceted needs of children in care and improve the care leaving service in the country. Thus, the study will shed light on the state of care leaving policy in the world and lessons for Ethiopia to support Ethiopia’s attempt to serve the most vulnerable children in care by developing its own care leaving policy.

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Ng, SY, SK Dinesh, SKH Tay, and EH Lee. "Decreased Access to Health Care and Social Isolation among Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy after Leaving School." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 11, no. 1 (June 2003): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949900301100116.

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Objective. T o examine if leaving special schools has a negative impact on the health care and social isolation of young adults with cerebral palsy. Methods. Young adults with cerebral palsy, aged between 15 and 22 years, were divided into 2 cohorts: current students, who were still receiving services from special schools, and school-leavers, who had since been discharged from care. A questionnaire and physical examination were administered to assess the extent of disability, health care received by, and social isolation of these young adults. Results. School-leavers had a greater degree of dissability than did students, although the results were not statistically significant. Health care exposure to specialists, general practitioners, therapists (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and/or speech therapists), and medical social workers decreased after leaving school; with the exception of contact with general practitioners, these results were significant (p<0.05). The entire cohort was more socially isolated than a control cohort. School-leavers participated in fewer activities outside their homes, but showed less concern about their disability than did current students. Conclusions. Young adults with cerebral palsy continue to have health care and lifestyle needs after leaving school, which are currently not being adequately met.

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Mendes, Philip, and Chris Goddard. "Leaving care programs locally and internationally: Towards better outcomes." Children Australia 25, no. 3 (2000): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009755.

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Historically, insufficient resources and assistance have been provided to young people leaving state care. Young people leaving care have been found to experience homelessness, unemployment, early parenthood, loneliness, depression, poverty, and involvement with the juvenile justice system.In recent years, a growing body of research literature has explored the experiences of young people leaving care, and the identification of key factors underlying good after care support practice. Attention is drawn to some of the key findings of this research such as the need for a more gradual and flexible process of transition to independence, specific legislation providing for the ongoing support of care leavers, and the provision of formal and properly resourced after-care services. Reference is also made to the key role played by consumer advocacy groups in facilitating the successful transition to independence of care leavers.

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Stepanova, Evgenia, and Simon Hackett. "Understanding Care Leavers in Russia: Young People's Experiences of Institutionalisation." Australian Social Work 67, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2013.868011.

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Appleton, Peter. "Anchors for deliberation and shared deliberation: Understanding planning in young adults transitioning from out-of-home care." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 5-6 (August 15, 2019): 1130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019869810.

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This theoretical paper focuses on early-stage planning in young adults in transition from out-of-home care. The theoretical approach builds on philosophical accounts of planning and shared planning by Michael Bratman and Jennifer Morton; previous research on care leavers’ experience; and findings from two recent qualitative studies of planning in care leavers in the UK. There are three central proposals of the paper. First, that if we focus on a young person’s deliberations about what matters (‘anchors for deliberation’), or what is important – to her or him – we may better understand the early stages of planning. Second, that social-cooperative or shared deliberations may be of special importance in understanding and supporting the early stages of planning in young people leaving care, partly because of the severe disruptions to social relationships that may have afflicted many care leavers during their earlier development. Third, that it may also be important to understand young people’s standpoints on planning norms, in both individual and social-cooperative contexts, given some young people’s subjection to repeated violation of norms. After introducing Bratman’s and Morton’s work, we suggest three categories of early-stage planning: specific anchors, policy-based anchors (including self-reliance, and ‘I don’t plan’), and anchors for the provisional future. Implications of the theoretical approach for research and practice are outlined. The paper aims to contribute to a theoretical basis for collaborative transition-planning (or ‘pathway planning’ in the UK) with young adults leaving care.

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Grover, Chris, and John Stewart. "Care leavers, financial support and the 2000 Children (Leaving Care) Act." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 12, no. 2 (June 2004): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/otvk1524.

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We examine those aspects of the 2000 Children (Leaving Care) Act that have placed a duty on local authorities to provide financial support for care leavers from October 2001. It is argued that the good intentions of the Act may be eroded by inherent problems in the new system of support because it is structured through reference to social security policies that are widely held to be problematic for all young people needing to claim benefit.

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Rowsell, Amber. "Young people stay put to get ahead." Children and Young People Now 2015, no. 18 (September 1, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.18.25.

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Care leavers are still not reaching their full potential. Amber Rowsell, trainee solicitor at Coram Children's Legal Centre, examines whether an increase in the use of staying put arrangements could be the answer

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Coler, Lucía. "“I Need My Children to Know That I Will Always Be Here for Them”: Young Care Leavers’ Experiences With Their Own Motherhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 215824401881991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018819911.

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For care leavers in Argentina, the transition to an autonomous lifestyle is a process that begins at 18 years old when they are no longer protected by Children’s Rights laws. This transition is particularly challenging without any family support, and studies have demonstrated that female care leavers are likely to have children within the first few years after leaving care. The aim of this research is to explore and analyze young women’s identities, experiences, and perceptions about their own motherhood and family relationships after leaving the institutional care system in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Throughout a qualitative, small-scale study using life-history interviews, an insight of how these young women’s life experiences have influenced their identities is obtained. In this respect, the findings suggest that female care leavers offer a different type of childhood to their own children than the childhood they experienced, thus providing security, health, education, and love for their children. Moreover, an ambivalent relationship with their birth families has encouraged these women to develop their autonomy with new, meaningful bonds. Finally, motherhood and community participation have empowered these young women and promoted their agency.

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Cleaver, Kerri. "Acknowledging the struggle: Policy changes for state care leaving provisions." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss2id221.

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Neoliberalism is not kind to vulnerable populations. Care leavers as a vulnerable population have faired particularly poorly under successive governments. Policy and practice have maintained a position for decades in New Zealand where care leavers are responsible entirely for their own lives at the age of seventeen. This article reviews current literature, locally and internationally, in order to identify the needs of care leavers in the New Zealand context. It will question what is working already, what works elsewhere and how we might change the outcomes for these young people who have not chosen this path and yet appear to be punished through the government turning a blind eye

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Mendes, Philip, and Badal Moslehuddin. "Moving out from the state parental home: A comparison of leaving care policies in Victoria and New South Wales." Children Australia 29, no. 2 (2004): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005976.

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Young people leaving care are arguably one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society. Compared to most young people, they face numerous barriers to accessing educational, employment and other developmental and transitional opportunities.Using information from interviews and a range of documents, this study compares the leaving care supports currently available in two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales. Attention is drawn to the history of the leaving care debate in both states, the nature of the existing legislative and program supports for care leavers in each state, the key political and policy actors that have either helped or hindered the development of leaving care policies and services in each state, and the principal unmet needs of care leavers in each state.The findings suggest that NSW leads the way in terms of providing effective legislative and program supports to care leavers. The differences between Victoria and NSW are attributed to a number of factors including particularly the different relationships between the respective government bureaucracies and non-government child welfare sectors.

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Clegg, Judy, Ellen Crawford, Sarah Spencer, and Danielle Matthews. "Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Young People Leaving Care in England: A Study Profiling the Language, Literacy and Communication Abilities of Young People Transitioning from Care to Independence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084107.

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Research indicates children and young people in care have a high prevalence of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) as part of a complex set of vulnerabilities. This study describes the profile of language, literacy and communication abilities of a cohort of care leavers. The language, literacy and communication abilities of 44 young people leaving care between the ages of 16 and 26 years were assessed using standardized measures. Demographic data about the young people was collected along with a survey to key staff to capture their perceptions and experiences of the language and communication abilities of these young people. Ninety percent of the care leavers’ language abilities were below average and over 60% met criteria for DLD in combination with literacy difficulties, developmental disorders and social, emotional and mental health difficulties (SEMH). The implications of unidentified DLD on the lives of young people leaving care is discussed. Earlier identification of DLD is advocated to enable services to intervene to facilitate more positive outcomes and life chances for this very vulnerable population.

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MacDonald, Mandi, Andrew Dellis, Shanaaz Mathews, and Jenna-Lee Marco. "Implementing E-mentoring with care-experienced youth under “lock-down” – a South African experience." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-07-2020-0032.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the challenges and potential benefits of moving a mentoring programme for young people in care and care leavers to an online mode of delivery in response to the South African Government’s efforts to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive account incorporating reflections from staff responsible for the move to e-mentoring and from South African and UK researchers undertaking an exploratory study of mentoring vulnerable youth at the time when COVID-19 restrictions were imposed. Findings E-mentoring can provide an effective means to maintaining the essential elements of a well-established mentoring programme for young people in care and care leavers under government enforced “lock-down”. E-mentoring presents particular challenges and benefits in the South African context. Youth in care and care leavers have unequal access to a digital infrastructure, but this can be overcome by investment in resourcing, equipping and training carers, mentors and mentees. The geographical reach offered by online platforms gives young people access to a more diverse pool of mentors. Originality/value Both care leaving services and the use of e-mentoring to meet the needs of vulnerable young people are emerging areas of practice and research interest. This paper brings the two areas together in the context of South Africa under COVID-19 “lock-down” through describing the response of one mentoring programme and highlighting the benefits and challenges.

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Sting, Stephan, and Maria Groinig. "CARE LEAVERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FAMILY IN THE TRANSITION FROM OUT-OF-HOME CARE TO INDEPENDENT LIVING." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 11, no. 4.2 (December 30, 2020): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs114.2202019992.

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Findings from youth research have shown that, due to the development of the transitional phase of “emerging adulthood”, the family has become increasingly significant for young adults as a source of support and as a safety net. In contrast, care leavers are confronted with a relatively abrupt transition to independent living. However, international studies have shown that the family also plays a significant role during the status passage of leaving care — as an arena of concrete social relationships, as a normative model and ideal, as a biographical experience and memory, as a connection to family traditions and practices, and as an important contextual factor for resilience and identity formation. The first section of this paper describes the various links between care leavers and their families based on a literature review. In the second section, the biographical relevance of the family is highlighted based on the example of a qualitative interview study about the educational pathways of 20- to 27-year-old care leavers. The study shows the various influences of family links on the educational careers of young people during and after out-of-home care. From the findings, we derive some consequences for professional work with families in out-of-home care and for professional support and guidance during the status passage of leaving care.

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Sting, Stephan, and Maria Groinig. "CARE LEAVERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FAMILY IN THE TRANSITION FROM OUT-OF-HOME CARE TO INDEPENDENT LIVING." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 11, no. 4.2 (December 30, 2020): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs114.2202019992.

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Findings from youth research have shown that, due to the development of the transitional phase of “emerging adulthood”, the family has become increasingly significant for young adults as a source of support and as a safety net. In contrast, care leavers are confronted with a relatively abrupt transition to independent living. However, international studies have shown that the family also plays a significant role during the status passage of leaving care — as an arena of concrete social relationships, as a normative model and ideal, as a biographical experience and memory, as a connection to family traditions and practices, and as an important contextual factor for resilience and identity formation. The first section of this paper describes the various links between care leavers and their families based on a literature review. In the second section, the biographical relevance of the family is highlighted based on the example of a qualitative interview study about the educational pathways of 20- to 27-year-old care leavers. The study shows the various influences of family links on the educational careers of young people during and after out-of-home care. From the findings, we derive some consequences for professional work with families in out-of-home care and for professional support and guidance during the status passage of leaving care.

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Hyde, Rebekah, and Cathy Atkinson. "Care leavers’ priorities and the corporate parent role: A self-determination theory perspective." Educational and Child Psychology 36, no. 1 (March 2019): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2019.36.1.40.

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AimCorporate parenting in the UK may not be well-operationalised, with a potential role for educational psychologists (EPs) in promoting effective practice. This paper explores care leavers’ needs and priorities from the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT), which relates the individual’s motivation to the human need for competence, relatedness and autonomy.MethodTen young people aged 16–19 from two UK local authorities were interviewed about their priorities in preparing for adulthood. Interview findings were then deductively analysed using a SDT framework.FindingsInterviews highlighted the young people’s preference for graduated transition to adulthood. Analysis showed relatedness to be the most salient SDT domain, foregrounding the importance of consistent, authentic and personalised relationships. Consistent relationships motivated care leavers to engage with support and to pursue post-16 goals with enhanced self-determination. Conversely, gaps in young people’s support networks undermined service engagement, potentially impeding a supported and successful transition to adulthood.LimitationsThe study was small-scale and the age range, demographics and quality of leaving care support may not have been representative of a wider population.ConclusionsSDT is potentially useful for highlighting care leavers’ needs and priorities when preparing for adulthood, with clear implications for corporate parenting, particularly within the relatedness domain. A possible role for EPs is proposed, which could strengthen service delivery through both systemic and individual work.

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Atkinson, Cathy, and Rebekah Hyde. "Care leavers’ views about transition: a literature review." Journal of Children's Services 14, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-05-2018-0013.

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Purpose Considerable attention has been given to the vulnerability of young people leaving care in the UK in their transition to adulthood. To date, however, there has been limited focus on the perceptions of care leavers about what factors enable and inhibit effective practice. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This systematic literature review sought to elicit the views of UK care leavers in identifying barriers and facilitators to the process of transition to adulthood. Qualitative studies in the care-leaving field were identified, of which seven met inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Findings The findings yielded a range of facilitators, including authentic and consistent relationships with those acting in the role of corporate parent; and flexible systems, which accommodated personal readiness for leaving care. Barriers included insufficient recognition of, and a lack of support for, the psychological dimensions of transition, exacerbated by insufficient support networks. Research limitations/implications This literature search yielded seven qualitative papers, some with small sample sizes, meaning that the findings may not be representative of a wider population or directly relevant to international contexts. Practical implications Suggestions for enhancing the transition process are posited. In particular, the potential usefulness of an “interdependence” transition approach for UK care leavers is proposed. Originality/value This study analyses qualitative data, thus constituting a response to policy calls for care leaver views to be central to transition processes.

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Mendes, Philip, and Justin Rogers. "Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care: What are the Lessons from Extended Care Programmes in the USA and England for Australia?" British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 1513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa028.

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Abstract Young people transitioning from out-of-home care (generally called care leavers) are recognised globally as a vulnerable group. In the last eighteen months, four Australian jurisdictions have extended state care till twenty-one years in an attempt to advance the life opportunities of this cohort. These initiatives are strongly influenced by extended care programmes in the USA and England, which have reported improved outcomes for care leavers. This article interrogates formal public evaluations of these extended care programmes with a particular focus on their eligibility criteria that have determined which groups of care leavers are included or alternatively excluded and the identified strengths and limitations of the programmes. Additionally, we consider cross-cultural differences in leaving care populations and variations within the broader social policy context of these jurisdictions, which may also impact on the effectiveness of policy transfer. Some conclusions are drawn about key factors that may enhance the success of extended care programmes.

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Purtell, Jade, Philip Mendes, and Bernadette J. Saunders. "Care leavers, ambiguous loss and early parenting: explaining high rates of pregnancy and parenting amongst young people transitioning from out-of-home care." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.58.

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AbstractThis paper is a narrative review examining the high prevalence of care leaver early parenting in the context of (i) key transitions from care studies taken from the last few decades, (ii) a structured review using Scopus of studies from 2015–2020 focussed specifically on young people transitioning from care and early parenting and (iii) Boss’s (2010) Ambiguous Loss theory. Young care leavers’ challenges, in general, put them at higher risk of protective interventions with their children and may contribute to the growing numbers of children being placed in increasingly over-stretched out-of-home care systems. Questions of surveillance bias for service-connected young people are examined in light of recent large-scale studies using administrative data sets. Serious oversights in responding to young people’s experiences of trauma and exploitation are identified. The relevance of sexual health programs for young people actively seeking pregnancies is discussed with emerging evidence that disengagement from schooling may have more of a role in explaining early pregnancy and parenting than previously thought. The authors test the relevance of Ambiguous Loss theory in understanding how removal from families of origin and placement experiences may affect young people and lead to ‘wanted’ pregnancies.

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Quinn, Neil, Jennifer Davidson, Ian Milligan, Susan Elsley, and Nigel Cantwell. "Moving Forward: Towards a rights-based paradigm for young people transitioning out of care." International Social Work 60, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872814547439.

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This article proposes that the new UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children usher in a new international rights-based policy framework for care-leavers. It acknowledges the global nature of the concerns, reviews a growing body of international literature and examines key debates, illustrated by policy orientations and practice examples drawn from the authors’ experience of developing Moving Forward (Cantwell, Davidson, Elsley, Milligan, and Quinn, 2012), the Guidelines’ international implementation handbook. A number of themes emerge, particularly the value of intangible emotional supports for young care-leavers. The traditional lack of a rights-oriented discourse in this area suggests more strategic collaborative efforts by a range of actors are needed.

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Mendes, Philip, and Samone McCurdy. "Policy and practice supports for young people transitioning from out-of-home care: An analysis of six recent inquiries in Australia." Journal of Social Work 20, no. 5 (May 30, 2019): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017319852702.

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Summary Government and parliamentary inquiries into child protection have historically exerted a significant impact on policy and practice reform. Yet to date, there has been no analysis of the impact of such inquiries on programme and service supports for young people transitioning from out-of-home care (often termed leaving care). This article uses a content analysis methodology to critically examine and compare the findings of six recent Australian child protection inquiries (five at state and territory level and one Commonwealth) in relation to their discrete sections on leaving care. Attention is drawn to how the policy issue is framed including key terminology, the major concerns identified, the local and international research evidence cited and the principal sources of information including whether or not priority is given to the lived experience of care leavers. Findings All six inquiries identified major limitations in leaving care legislation, policy and practice including poor outcomes in key areas such as housing, education and employment. There was a consensus that post-18 assistance should be expanded, and most of the reports agreed that greater attention should be paid to the specific cultural needs of the large number of Indigenous care leavers. Applications Care leavers universally are a vulnerable group; leaving care policy should be informed by the lived experience and expertise of care leavers; governments have a responsibility to provide ongoing supports beyond 18 years of age, particularly in areas such as housing and education, training and employment

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Mendes, Philip, Rachel Standfield, Bernadette Saunders, Samone McCurdy, Jacinta Walsh, and Lena Turnbull. "Indigenous youth transitioning from out-of-home care in Australia: a study of key challenges and effective practice responses." Journal of Children's Services 17, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-08-2021-0034.

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Purpose This paper aims to report on the findings of a qualitative study that explored the views of 53 service providers assisting Indigenous young people (known in Australia as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth) transitioning from out-of-home care (OOHC) in Australia. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 53 representatives of state and territory government departments, non-government organisation service providers and Aboriginal community-controlled organisations (ACCOs) across Australia. The project was designed to gain the perspectives of those working within the system and their views on how it interacts with Indigenous care leavers. Interview questions aimed to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses of the leaving care support systems available to this cohort, as well as the key challenges facing service providers in supporting them. Finally, the study aimed to make recommendations for policy development in this area and identify potential best practice service responses. Findings The study found that the OOHC service systems continue to fail Indigenous care leavers, their families and communities. Study findings revealed that Indigenous care-leavers face substantial challenges and that the support systems for those leaving OOHC are often culturally insensitive and ineffective. Many Indigenous OOHC leavers lacked the supports they needed to develop safe and ongoing relationships with their traditional Country, family and communities. To promote more positive transitions and outcomes, effective practice responses were identified, including culturally safe programmes and proportional funding for ACCOs to advance greater self-determination. Originality/value This research is the first national study in Australia to examine the specific transition from care pathways and experiences of Indigenous young people. The findings add to the limited existing knowledge on Indigenous care leavers globally and should inform practice and policy innovations with this cohort in Australia and beyond.

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London, Zoe, and Nick Halfpenny. "Transitioning from (and with) care: The next steps." Children Australia 31, no. 3 (2006): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011226.

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This article builds on research work undertaken by MacKillop Family Services on the experience of care leavers to explore the importance of the relational aspects of human service work. Recent legislative changes have focused on the availability of services and supports to young people transitioning from care. The authors suggest that it is time to refocus attention on the relationships between young people leaving care and human service workers. Such a discussion opens up models of practice that encourage flexible and participatory approaches.

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Bradby, Hannah, Kristin Liabo, Anne Ingold, and Helen Roberts. "Visibility, resilience, vulnerability in young migrants." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 5 (November 2017): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317739441.

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Young unaccompanied asylum seekers have been portrayed as vulnerable, resilient or both. Those granted residency in Europe are offered support by health and social care systems, but once they leave the care system to make independent lives, what part can these services play? Our review of research with migrants who have been in care in Sweden and the United Kingdom found evidence of unmet need, but little research describing their own views of services. The limited published evidence, supplemented by interviews with care leavers in a UK inner city, suggests that in defining health needs, young people emphasise housing, education, employment and friendship over clinical or preventative services. Some felt well supported while others described feeling vulnerable, anxious, angry or sad. These experiences, if linked with the insensitivity of even one professional, could lower young people’s expectations of healthcare to the extent that they avoided contact with service providers. In supporting young migrants’ resilience to meet everyday challenges, friendly support from peers, carers and professionals was important. They needed determined advocacy at key moments. The different challenges for the Swedish and UK health and welfare systems along with the resilience/vulnerability trajectory are described.

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Kelly, Berni, Seana Friel, Theresa McShane, John Pinkerton, and Eithne Gilligan. "“I haven't read it, I've lived it!” The benefits and challenges of peer research with young people leaving care." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 1 (September 19, 2018): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325018800370.

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Peer research is increasingly being used in research with children and young people. As a result, there is a growing understanding of both the benefits and challenges of involving young peer researchers in qualitative research. This article aims to add to that understanding by providing a detailed account and reflection of the involvement of care leavers as peer researchers in the qualitative case study phase of a three-year, mixed method study of the transitions of young people leaving care in Northern Ireland. It is one of only a few studies on leaving care in which peer research is central to the design. Particular attention is given to the benefits and challenges for all of the stakeholders involved in the research study: the participants, peer researchers, academic researchers and supporting partner organisation. Key learning points are identified and it is concluded that, despite the considerable challenges, peer research should become a routine consideration as a fruitful means of co-production in the design of care leaver research.

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Liabo, Kristin. "Care leavers’ involvement in research: An ethnographic case study on impact." Qualitative Social Work 17, no. 1 (May 17, 2016): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325016649255.

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Introduction Reporting data from a case study of a collaborative systematic review, this paper discusses the impact service user involvement might have on research, and how research might benefit from this. Methods This was a qualitative case study. The researcher analysed process data on the collaboration in the form of meeting transcripts and minutes, reflective interviews and the researchers’ own field diary. The review was also compared with two systematic reviews on a similar topic, using the AMSTAR checklist. Results The young people had influence at all stages of the review, but most importantly shifted its focus from healthcare to education, emphasising education as an important determinant of health. Conclusion Young people involved in this review influenced the researcher’s reviewing as well as the review, which shows that involving service users in research is important in order to reduce researcher bias in social care research.

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Bengtsson, Mattias, Yvonne Sjöblom, and Peter Öberg. "Young care leavers' expectations of their future: A question of time horizon." Child & Family Social Work 23, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12399.

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Mendes, Philip. "Remembering the ‘forgotten’ Australians: The Care Leavers of Australia Network and the Senate Inquiry into Institutional and Out-of-home Care." Children Australia 30, no. 1 (2005): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720001052x.

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This study examines the findings of the recent Community Affairs Reference Committee report into institutional and out-of-home care. Attention is drawn to the key role played by the Care Leavers of Australia Network (CLAN) in pushing the concerns of older care leavers onto the public agenda, successfully lobbying for the Senate Inquiry, and providing services and supports to care leavers.The report highlighted the historical failure of state authorities to protect the well-being of children and young people placed in alternative care. Many of those children have subsequently experienced significant emotional and psychological problems, the results of which include psychiatric illness, depression, suicide, substance abuse, illiteracy, impaired relationship skills and marriage breakdown, and incarceration.The report also has contemporary implications. In order to achieve better outcomes for care leavers in the future, we need to ensure that child welfare services are adequately funded, employ properly trained and qualified professional staff, promote a gradual and functional transition from dependence to independence, and ensure accountability to external bodies including consumer groups.

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Daly, Fiona. "What do Young People Need When They Leave Care? Views of Care-leavers and Aftercare Workers in North Dublin." Child Care in Practice 18, no. 4 (October 2012): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2012.713852.

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Bhattacharjee, Lopa, and Helen J. Veitch. "Strengthening (Re)integration from Child Sexual Exploitation: Children and Young People’s Recommendations." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 7, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349300320937218.

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This article explores care leavers’ views and recommendations for practitioners and policymakers on the transition from leaving care to living independently in the community. Seven young adults fully reintegrated through programmes in Kathmandu, Nepal, co-produced action research with 21 of their peers (aged 16–26 years). This article outlines how children and young people affected by child sexual exploitation experience community reintegration, and their views on the key issues, reintegration services need to consider. Findings explored boys’ and girls’ experiences of stigma and discrimination by community members and revolved around social and cultural norms and narratives on masculinity and femininity that denied their victimhood. This article focuses on the theme of independence as it appears to reflect a changing context for reintegration practitioners in South Asia. Children and young people had not been reintegrated in their family; instead, they were living independently—a situation that can be described as ‘integration’ (with an urban community) rather than ‘reintegration’ (with their family of origin). Research participants’ exploration of ‘independence’ reflected this context and was defined as emotional or financial independence. The research appears to identify an adaptation to reintegration services to enable a smoother transition for care leavers. Most models of reintegration assume that children will ‘reintegrate’ with their families of origin. This research found that children sexually exploited in Kathmandu chose to ‘integrate’ into a new community to overcome isolation, exclusion and non-acceptance by their families and communities of origin and, in so doing, experienced emotional and financial independence. In this context, successful integration requires the provision of activities for parents that explain indicators of trauma so that they can appropriately support their children. In addition, support for care leavers targeted on psychosocial wellbeing, life-skills and income generation enables young people to live independently from their families and be ‘integrated’ into an urban community.

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Lynch, Amy, Hayley Alderson, Gary Kerridge, Rebecca Johnson, Ruth McGovern, Fiona Newlands, Deborah Smart, Carrie Harrop, and Graeme Currie. "An inter-disciplinary perspective on evaluation of innovation to support care leavers’ transition." Journal of Children's Services 16, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-12-2020-0082.

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Purpose Young people who are looked after by the state face challenges as they make the transition from care to adulthood, with variation in support available. In the past decade, funding has been directed towards organisations to pilot innovations to support transition, with accompanying evaluations often conducted with a single disciplinary focus, in a context of short timescales and small budgets. Recognising the value and weight of the challenge involved in evaluation of innovations that aim to support the transitions of young people leaving care, this paper aims to provide a review of evaluation approaches and suggestions regarding how these might be developed. Design/methodology/approach As part of a wider research programme to improve understanding of the innovation process for young people leaving care, the authors conducted a scoping review of grey literature (publications which are not peer reviewed) focusing on evaluation of innovations in the UK over the past 10 years. The authors critiqued the evaluation approaches in each of the 22 reports they identified with an inter-disciplinary perspective, representing social care, public health and organisation science. Findings The authors identified challenges and opportunities for the development of evaluation approaches in three areas. Firstly, informed by social care, the authors suggest increased priority should be granted to participatory approaches to evaluation, within which involvement of young people leaving care should be central. Secondly, drawing on public health, there is potential for developing a common outcomes’ framework, including methods of data collection, analysis and reporting, which aid comparative analysis. Thirdly, application of theoretical frameworks from organisation science regarding the process of innovation can drive transferable lessons from local innovations to aid its spread. Originality/value By adopting the unique perspective of their multiple positions, the authors’ goal is to contribute to the development of evaluation approaches. Further, the authors hope to help identify innovations that work, enhance their spread, leverage resources and influence policy to support care leavers in their transitions to adulthood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Young care leavers'

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