Journal articles: 'Yorke Peninsula'

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Waudby, Helen P., and Sophie Petit. "Responses to a survey question on the distribution of western pygmy-possums (Cercartetus concinnus) on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11025.

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The western pygmy-possum (Cercartetus concinnus) is probably the last remaining small native ground-dwelling mammal on Yorke Peninsula. We surveyed 1013 Yorke Peninsula residents about the distribution of pygmy-possums on the peninsula. Thirteen of 296 respondents had seen pygmy-possums, none north of Minlaton. Two additional possum species had also been seen.

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Waudby, Helen P. "Population characteristics of house mice (Mus musculus) on southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 31, no. 2 (2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08021.

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Seasonal population characteristics of house mice (Mus musculus), including the effect of season on body mass, were studied at Innes National Park, southern Yorke Peninsula. Mice were caught with Elliott traps, ear-notched, and released. Over 1550 trap-nights (January to December 2006, excluding May), 202 mice were caught. The overall capture success rate was 13.03 mice per 100 trap-nights. The recapture rate was 42.57%. Body mass of adult house mice varied significantly among seasons (P = 0.009). In particular, mouse body mass varied between autumn and winter (P = 0.018), and spring and winter (P = 0.023). The body mass of mice captured in autumn and then recaptured in winter was also significantly different (P = 0.006). This study is the first published for M. musculus population characteristics on Yorke Peninsula and adds to the relatively limited information available on house mouse populations in non-agricultural habitats.

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Campbell, T. D., and G. D. Walsh. "Notes on Aboriginal Camp Sites on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Mankind 3, no. 11 (February 10, 2009): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1947.tb00133.x.

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Butcher, A. R., and D. I. Grove. "Seasonal variation in rates of sporocyst and metacercarial infection by Brachylaima cribbi in helicid and hygromiid land snails on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 6 (2005): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05054.

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Brachylaima cribbi is a terrestrial trematode parasite of humans and other mammals, birds and reptiles, with helicid and hygromiid summer-aestivating land snails acting as first and second intermediate hosts. Beginning in April, seasonal variations in rates of sporocyst and metacercarial infection by B. cribbi were studied in Cochlicella acuta, Cernuella virgata and Theba pisana over 1 year at four ecologically diverse sites on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The overall mean sporocyst prevalence rate in April was 2.7%. Sporocyst prevalences peaked during spring (10–78% for C. acuta, 12–44% for C. virgata and 10–18% for T. pisana). Metacercarial infection rates varied markedly from 10% to 98% at the start of the study. Overall metacercarial infection rates peaked with winter rains for T. pisana (average 50% infected) and in spring for C. acuta and C. virgata (average 80% infected) then declined in summer for all species. The average numbers of metacercariae per infected snail over the study period were 5.4 for C. virgata, 3.9 for C. acuta and 2.2 for T. pisana, with maximum numbers in winter or spring. Conditions on the Yorke Peninsula favour hyperinfection with this parasite.

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Holmes, Francis C. "A new Late Eocene cassiduloid (Echinoidea) from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61, no. 2 (2004): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.13.

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ZHURAVLEV, A. YU, and D. I. GRAVESTOCK. "Archaeocyaths from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia and archaeocyathan Early Cambrian zonation." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 18, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.1994.9638761.

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Wolff, Keryn, Caroline Tiddy, Dave Giles, and Steve M. Hill. "Pedogenic carbonate sampling for Cu exploration on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 194 (November 2018): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.08.007.

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McDowell, Matthew C., Alexander Baynes, Graham C. Medlin, and Gavin J. Prideaux. "The impact of European colonization on the late-Holocene non-volant mammals of Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Holocene 22, no. 12 (September 24, 2012): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683612455542.

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Over the last 200 years Australia has suffered the greatest rate of mammal species extinction of any continent. This demands extensive biodiversity research, but unfortunately has been hampered by poor documentation of Australia’s native species at the time of European colonization. Late-Holocene fossil mammal assemblages preserved in caves, rockshelters and surface lag deposits from deflated sand dunes can provide a more complete understanding of pre-European ecological conditions than can be developed from our knowledge of present biodiversity. In South Australia, few regions have experienced greater landscape modification and biodiversity loss than Yorke Peninsula. We investigate the composition, richness, evenness and age of two owl accumulations from southeastern and southwestern Yorke Peninsula and contrast them with a surface lag deposit assemblage probably accumulated by humans. We then examine the pre-European biogeography of the fauna recovered. The three assemblages have similar species richness, but differ dramatically in composition and evenness. The biases imposed by differing accumulation agents can explain compositional differences between owl and human assemblages, but not the differences between the respective owl accumulations. We argue that key substrate differences – one area is dominated by sand and the other by calcrete – have favoured distinct vegetation communities that fostered distinctly different mammal assemblages from which raptors accumulated prey. The ecological requirements of the extant mammals appear to be reflected in the fossil assemblages, providing support for the application of uniformitarian principles and confidence in the relevance of late-Holocene fossil assemblages to modern conservation and natural resource management.

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Brotodewo, A., C. J. Tiddy, A. Reid, C. Wade, and C. Conor. "Relationships between magmatism and deformation in northern Yorke Peninsula and southeastern Proterozoic Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, no. 5 (June 26, 2018): 619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2018.1470573.

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Jago, J. B., and P. D. Kruse. "Significance of the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan) trilobite Pagetia from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1643405.

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11

Roberts, Amy L., Adrian Mollenmans, Lester-Irabinna Rigney, and Geoff Bailey. "Marine Transgression, Aboriginal Narratives and the Creation of Yorke Peninsula/Guuranda, South Australia." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 15, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2019.1570990.

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12

Andrews, Ross H., Trevor N. Petney, Nicole A. Sherman, Louise A. McDiarmid, and Bruce R. Dixon. "The distribution and dispersion of Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Systematic and Applied Acarology 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.12.1.1.

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13

Tominaga, H., N. Tominaga, and WD Williams. "Concentrations of some inorganic plant nutrients in saline lakes on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870301.

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The concentrations of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- and HCO3- + CO32-) and minor ions (NO2, NO3-, NH4 and PO43-) were determined in 10 saline and mostly ephemeral lakes on the Yorke Peninsula, S.A., over a range of salinity (27-250 g/l). The major ion dominances were similar to those of saline lakes elsewhere in southern Australia: Na+> Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ : Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- + CO32-. Concentration ranges of minor ions were wide; individual concentrations of ions were not correlated with salinity, but in the least-saline lakes (salinity < 150 g/l) phosphorus appears to be the most likely limiting plant nutrient, whereas in the more saline lakes (>150 g/l) nitrogen appears to be so.

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Meaney, Kelly M., David E. Peacock, David Taggart, and James Smith. "Rapid colonisation, breeding and successful recruitment of eastern barn owls (Tyto alba delicatula) using a customised wooden nest box in remnant mallee cropping areas of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Wildlife Research 48, no. 4 (2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20021.

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Abstract ContextThe introduced house mouse (Mus domesticus) causes significant economic damage to Australia’s agricultural enterprises. As part of the Marna Banggara Rewilding Project on the southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), the present study focused on the eastern barn owl (Tyto alba delicatula) as a potential bio-controller of mice, by providing nesting spaces where natural hollows are limited. AimsTo design an appropriate pole-mounted wooden nest box, and to enhance barn-owl-breeding and house-mouse-hunting capacity on farmland adjacent to remnant native vegetation. MethodsA prototype nest box was collaboratively designed with a nest box manufacturer using data from previous barn owl studies and anecdotal reports. Eleven pole-mounted wooden boxes with platforms were installed at distances >1.4km apart on properties near Warooka, southern Yorke Peninsula (SYP), and monitored over a 6-month period using external trail cameras. Key resultsOf the 11 nest boxes installed, 55 percent were colonised within a month after establishment, and 82 percent were colonised within 7 months. Occupied nest boxes were actively used by paired owls for mating, breeding and rearing of chicks, which resulted in up to 35 fledgling owlets. ConclusionsThe nest box design successfully supported eastern barn owl colonisation and reproduction on the SYP. The inclusion of the platform not only provided easy, minimally invasive monitoring of barn owl activity and prey intake by researchers, but also increased usable space for barn owl behaviours, such as copulation and wing flapping. ImplicationsThe important nest box design elements featured in this paper, such as the platform, high entrance hole, predator-proof pole and rear door access, can be implemented in barn owl conservation, research and on farms where alternative nesting sites are limited.

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Paull, D. "The distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) in South Australia." Wildlife Research 22, no. 5 (1995): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950585.

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This paper describes the South Australian distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) on the basis of records of its past occurrence and field surveys undertaken to determine its present distribution. Since European settlement I. o. obesulus has been recorded from four separate regions of the state: the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East, Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Subfossil remains show that I. o. obesulus also once occurred on Yorke Peninsula but there is no evidence that it has existed there in modem times. Field surveys conducted between 1986 and 1993 confirmed that I. o. obesulus still exists in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East and on Kangaroo Island. Its status on Eyre Peninsula is uncertain. Isoodon o. obesulus is vulnerable in the South East and Mount Lofty Ranges because of habitat fragmentation and predation by feral carnivores. The Kangaroo Island population is less threatened as large areas of habitat have been preserved and the fox (Vulpes vulpes) has not been introduced. The area of potential bandicoot habitat remaining in these three regions totals approximately 190 000 ha, most of which is already managed for nature conservation. This habitat is highly fragmented, occurring as small remnant patches of native vegetation separated by extensive tracts of cleared and modified land cover. The implications of this habitat configuration for the long-term survival of I. o. obesulus are discussed.

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16

Pan, T. Y., C. V. Murray-Wallace, R. P. Bourman, and A. García. "Peesey Swamp—a Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) marine corridor across southern Yorke Peninsula, southern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 68, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 952–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2021.1893220.

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17

Pledge, Neville S. "The Curramulka local fauna: A new late Tertiary fossil assemblage from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Beagle : Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 9, no. 1 (December 1992): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.263122.

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18

Kleemann, S. G. L., and G. S. Gill. "Differences in the distribution and seed germination behaviour of populations of Bromus rigidus and Bromus diandrus in South Australia: adaptations to habitat and implications for weed management." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05200.

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A field survey was undertaken in South Australia to determine the relative distribution of the brome grass species B. diandrus and B. rigidus. Seeds of brome grass plants were collected from locations across the Yorke (n = 10) and Eyre Peninsulas (n = 25). B. rigidus was found more frequently and at higher densities in South Australian crops than B. diandrus, which showed a distinct preference for undisturbed fence-line margins. Species identity of brome plants in each sample was initially determined by assessing morphology of the callus-scar of the caryopsis as well as the structure of the panicle. Species identity was later confirmed by counting somatic chromosome number. There was consistent agreement between the 2 approaches to identification, indicating that these morphological features can be used with confidence when identifying B. diandrus and B. rigidus in the field. Although B. diandrus and B. rigidus are morphologically very similar, they showed large differences in germination behaviour. B. diandrus seeds collected from fence-line margins were more germinable than B. rigidus from neighbouring cropped areas. Populations of B. rigidus also showed strong inhibition of seed germination when exposed to light. This inhibitory effect of light on seed germination was not seen in the B. diandrus collections. Two populations of B. rigidus from Yorke Peninsula showed little germination (<15% germination in complete darkness) until well after the start of the next growing season. These 2 populations did, however, show a large response to treatment with gibberellic acid (1 mm), indicating high seed viability but presence of deep dormancy. From a practical point of view, the germination behaviour (longer dormancy and light inhibition) exhibited by B. rigidus would allow this species to proliferate under conservation tillage systems such as no-till, where seeds only experience complete darkness after burial following the sowing operation. Germination behaviour of B. rigidus observed in this study is expected to contribute to greater seed carry-over from one season to the next, and favour its colonisation in crops, as seen in the current field survey.

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Waudby, Helen P., Sophie Petit, Bruce Dixon, and Ross H. Andrews. "Hosts of the exotic ornate kangaroo tick, Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum Koch, on southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Parasitology Research 101, no. 5 (July 5, 2007): 1323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0642-4.

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20

Wolff, Keryn, Caroline Tiddy, David Giles, Steven M. Hill, and Georgina Gordon. "Distinguishing pedogenic carbonates from weathered marine carbonates on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia: Implications for mineral exploration." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 181 (October 2017): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.019.

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21

Kontonikas-Charos, Alkis, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, and Nigel J. Cook. "Albitization and redistribution of REE and Y in IOCG systems: Insights from Moonta-Wallaroo, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Lithos 208-209 (November 2014): 178–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.001.

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Brock, Glenn A., and Barry J. Cooper. "Shelly fossils from the Early Cambrian (Toyonian) Wirrealpa, Aroona Creek, and Ramsay Limestones of South Australia." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 5 (September 1993): 758–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037045.

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Small shelly fossils from the Wirrealpa and Aroona Creek Limestones, Flinders Ranges, and the temporally equivalent Ramsay Limestone, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, are described and assessed. These formations, deposited during a widespread marine transgression, have traditionally been assigned an early Middle Cambrian age based on lateral facies relationships, lithostratigraphic interpretation, and age diagnostic trilobites. However, new data from regional sequence stratigraphy and mounting paleontological evidence suggest that a late Early Cambrian age (equivalent to the Toyonian Stage from the Siberian Platform) is more appropriate for these units. Twenty-four taxa, including a number of problematica, poriferans, coeloscleritophorans, palaeoscolecidans, “conodontomorphs,” hyolithelminthes, hyoliths, mollusks, and inarticulate brachiopods, are reported herein; many of these have not previously been reported from the Cambrian of South Australia. The enigmatic Chalasiocranos exquisitum n. gen. and sp., known from disarticulated tuberculate cone-shaped phosphatic sclerites, and Protomelission gatehousei n. gen. and sp., a problematic, perhaps colonial organism, known from phosphatic plates, are especially notable. The genus Kaimenella is formally included in the Palaeoscolecida, and two species (including K. dailyi n. sp.) are recognized.

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Chandler, Gregory T., and Michael D. Crisp. "Contributions Towards a Revision of Daviesia (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae). IV.* D. ulicifolia sens. lat." Australian Systematic Botany 10, no. 1 (1997): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb96013.

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Following a morphometric and cladistic analysis of the Daviesia ulicifolia Andrews group (Chandler and Crisp 1997), a new species, D. sejugata, is described. It occurs disjunctly in eastern Tasmania and southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, and is closely related to D. arthropoda F.Muell., differing in a generally more robust habit, thicker fleshy phyllodes, and larger flowers. Even with this species removed from D. ulicifolia, the latter varies considerably over a wide geographic, edaphic and altitudinal range. Daviesia ulicifolia is divided into six subspecies based on distinct phenetic and phylogenetic groups delimited in the earlier study. These are subsp. aridicola (glaucous plants in arid regions), subsp. incarnata (reddish-flowered plants in the Mt Lofty Range, South Australia), subsp. ruscifolia (plants with ovate-acuminate leaves and orange flowers in Victoria and southern New South Wales (NSW), often at high altitude), subsp. stenophylla (a narrow-leaved form in northern NSW and Queensland), subsp. pilligensis (ovate-leaved plants on sandy soil in western NSW), and subsp. ulicifolia (a paraphyletic residual from south-eastern states).

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Pan, Tsun-You, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Anthony Dosseto, and Robert P. Bourman. "The last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea level highstand from a tectonically stable far-field setting, Yorke Peninsula, southern Australia." Marine Geology 398 (April 2018): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.01.012.

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Roberts, Amy, Jennifer McKinnon, Clem O’Loughlin, Klynton Wanganeen, Lester-Irabinna Rigney, and Madeline Fowler. "Combining Indigenous and Maritime Archaeological Approaches: Experiences and Insights from the ‘(Re)locating Narrunga Project’, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Journal of Maritime Archaeology 8, no. 1 (May 9, 2013): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11457-013-9108-2.

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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Influence of tillage systems on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank." Weed Science 54, no. 4 (August 2006): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-184r.1.

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Several studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different tillage systems on the vertical seed distribution, seedling recruitment pattern, and persistence of the rigid ryegrass seed bank. Experiments were conducted in South Australia at two locations (Roseworthy Campus and Minlaton, a site on the Yorke Peninsula) in 2003 and 2005. The distribution of surface seeds through the soil profile was associated with the level of soil disturbance. The low–soil-disturbance tillage systems left more seed on the soil surface, whereas the high–soil-disturbance systems buried most of the seeds. The seedling recruitment of rigid ryegrass was lower under the low–soil-disturbance tillage systems than under the high–soil-disturbance tillage systems at both locations. The seedling recruitment was two- to fourfold greater under minimum tillage than under no-till. Not only was the seedling recruitment lower under the low–soil-disturbance tillage systems, biomass accumulation by rigid ryegrass seedlings was also lower under these systems. The carryover of residual viable seeds from one season to the next was similar between the tillage systems. However, seed decay under no-till (48 to 60%) was much greater than under minimum tillage (12 to 39%).

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Ismail, Roniza, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Nigel J. Cook, Graham S. Teale, David Giles, Andreas Schmidt Mumm, and Benjamin Wade. "Rare earths and other trace elements in minerals from skarn assemblages, Hillside iron oxide–copper–gold deposit, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Lithos 184-187 (January 2014): 456–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.07.023.

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Waudby, Helen P., and Sophie Petit. "Seasonal density fluctuations of the exotic ornate kangaroo tick, Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum Koch, and its distribution on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Parasitology Research 101, no. 5 (June 22, 2007): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0604-x.

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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., Gurjeet S. Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Effect of Seeding Systems and Dinitroaniline Herbicides on Emergence and Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium Rigidum) in Wheat." Weed Technology 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-06-016.1.

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Experiments were conducted at Minlaton on the Yorke Peninsula of South Australia in 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of four different seeding systems and dinitroaniline herbicides on the seedling emergence and growth of rigid ryegrass in wheat. The seeding systems were low soil-disturbance discs (DayBreak and K-Hart) and high soil-disturbance tines (narrow point and Ribbon seeder); and the herbicides were oryzalin, pendimethalin, and trifluralin at rate of 0.72 kg ai/ha. The total seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass was higher in nontreated plots planted with the tines compared with the discs. In general, oryzalin was the least-effective herbicide in controlling emergence of rigid ryegrass. All herbicides were more effective in reducing the number of plants, spikes, dry matter, and seed production of rigid ryegrass in combination with tines than with discs. However, in the absence of herbicides, plant and spike numbers, plant dry weight, and seed production of rigid ryegrass were significantly lower where discs were used to sow, rather than tines. In the absence of herbicide, rigid ryegrass was less competitive with wheat under the disc-sown systems. The response of grain yield to herbicides was greater under the tine-sown systems than the disc-sown systems.

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Giles, I., P. T. Bailey, R. Fox, R. Coles, and T. J. Wicks. "Prospects for biological control of cutleaf mignonette, Reseda lutea (Resedaceae), by Cercospora resedae and other pathogens." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2002): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01070.

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Four leaf pathogens were screened as biological control agents for the weed Reseda lutea (Resedaceae) in South Australia. Cercospora resedae isolated from Reseda luteola growing in south-eastern Australia produced a maximum damage to R. lutea seedlings of 54% of leaf area damaged at 22°C and 96% of leaf area damaged at 27°C under laboratory test conditions. By contrast, European isolates of C. resedae from both R. lutea and R. luteola produced a maximum of 10% leaf area damage to R. lutea seedlings. Field releases of Australian C. resedae failed to establish in dense populations of R. lutea on Yorke Peninsula and the mid-north of South Australia, perhaps because the climate was hotter and drier than the source locations. Attempts to enhance the effectiveness of the pathogen by passaging it through R. lutea, leaf abrasion, inundation, or the addition of surfactant or sublethal doses of metsulfuron-methyl failed to increase damage beyond that caused by the pathogen alone. The leaf pathogensAlternaria tenuissima, Cladosporium sp. and Peronospora crispula did not produce damage levels that could be useful in biological control. It is concluded that in the areas of South Australia where R. lutea is a significant weed, the prospects for control by any of these leaf pathogens are not good.

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Goggin, CL, and RJG Lester. "Perkinsus, a protistan parasite of abalone in Australia: A review." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950639.

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Perkinsus parasites are widespread in molluscs around the world. In 1985 and 1986, a die-back of greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata, occurred along part of the South Australian coast. Perkinsus olseni was abundant in H. laevigata from the die-back area and widespread around the Yorke Peninsula in other hosts. After the epizootic had passed, two attempts were made to repopulate the area by transplanting adult H. laevigata; the second attempt, in 1989, appears to have been successful. Laboratory experiments showed that abalone infected with P. olseni had a higher mortality rate than did uninfected abalone and that stress such as high temperature predisposed the abalone to disease. During winter, abalone appear able to contain and possibly eliminate the infection. Molecular studies have indicated that there is a single species of Perkinsus in Australia that is widespread in abalone and bivalves from the Great Barrier Reef and South Australia but is not found in molluscs in Tasmania. This parasite, P. olseni, is similar to P. atlanticus from Portugal but different from P. marinus in North America. P. olseni was shown to be highly infectious to a range of molluscs in the laboratory. P. marinus can be cultured in vitro; this will facilitate investigation into the susceptibility of the parasite to therapeutic agents, the mechanisms of host defence, and the affinities of Perkinsus parasites isolated from Australia and elsewhere.

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Wolff, Keryn, Steven M. Hill, Caroline Tiddy, David Giles, and Ronald J. Smernik. "Biogeochemical expression of buried iron-oxide‑copper‑gold (IOCG) mineral systems in mallee eucalypts on the Yorke Peninsula, southern Olympic Domain; South Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 185 (February 2018): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.11.017.

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Baker, G. H. "The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture - cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 12 (2008): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08031.

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The snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta and Theba pisana are introduced pests of grain crops and pastures in southern Australia. The population dynamics of these three species of snail were studied for 20 years in two adjacent fields where they coexisted on a farm on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The fields were used for pasture–cereal rotations. Surveys were conducted in autumn and spring each year, coinciding respectively with the start of the breeding season and peak abundance of snails (mostly juveniles). Populations varied greatly in abundance between years and between species, but snails were generally most common in spring, in wet years, especially those with wet autumns and wet springs. Rainfall early in a particular year (i.e. at sowing of crops in autumn) can thus be used to predict the likelihood of heavy snail infestations later in spring (i.e. at harvest). In contrast, the abundance of adult snails in autumn was a poor predictor of the subsequent abundance of juvenile snails in spring, especially in crops. There were no significant correlations, at field scale, between the average abundance of the three species of snail in spring, in either pastures or crops. However, at a sampling scale of 0.25 m2, there were consistent, negative relationships between the abundance of all three snail species. Such patterns may reflect either competitive interactions between snails or subtle differences in micro-habitat choice. Patterns in the abundance of snails (e.g. large numbers near field edges) were suggestive of occasional invasion from dense populations in adjacent fields.

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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Tillage systems affect trifluralin bioavailability in soil." Weed Science 54, no. 5 (October 2006): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-027r.1.

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Trifluralin is widely used for control of rigid ryegrass in no-till grain crops in southern Australia. Trifluralin must be incorporated into soil to be effective. Several field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems on vertical seed distribution and efficacy and rate of loss of bioavailable trifluralin. Experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2005 at two sites in South Australia: on the Roseworthy Campus farm of the University of Adelaide and near Minlaton on the Yorke Peninsula. The tillage systems at the Roseworthy Campus were minimum tillage (MinTill) and no-till using narrow points, whereas four direct-drill-seeding systems were used at Minlaton. Plastic beads were spread on the soil surface to simulate weed seeds. MinTill sowing buried more plastic beads than no-till, indicating that greater soil disturbance was caused by the MinTill system. Trifluralin efficacy was lower under no-till as compared to MinTill. A bioassay, based on response of oat roots, was used to quantify the concentrations of bioavailable trifluralin under different tillage systems. In both years at the Roseworthy Campus, loss of bioavailable trifluralin was greater under no-till than under MinTill; however, the rate of loss under both systems was much faster in 2004 than in 2005. In 2004, bioavailable trifluralin at 12 d after sowing under MinTill and no-till was 55 and 33% of the initial concentration, respectively. In 2005, bioavailable trifluralin remaining at 23 d after sowing was 86% under MinTill and 54% under no-till. At Minlaton in both years, bioavailable trifluralin was greater under tillage systems that provided the highest level of soil disturbance. These results demonstrate that reduced bioavailability of trifluralin occurs in no-till seeding systems, which could result in reduced weed control.

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Muirhead, Kate A., and Kym D. Perry. "Biocontrol of Invasive Conical Snails by the Parasitoid Fly Sarcophaga villeneuveana in South Australia 20 Years after Release." Insects 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100865.

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Two conical snail species introduced to Australia from the Mediterranean region during the 20th century are major pests of pastures and grain crops. In 2000, a parasitoid fly, Sarcophaga villeneuveana, was introduced into South Australia for biocontrol of the conical snail, Cochlicella acuta. The fly successfully established in the region but assessments of its impact in different snail aestivation microhabitats were limited. Twenty years on, field surveys were conducted to assess the geographic distribution and parasitism rates of S. villeneuveana on conical snails in the Yorke Peninsula region. Nineteen sites were sampled on four occasions in January and April of both 2019 and 2020. In total, >85,600 C. acuta and >2400 C. barbara were collected from cryptic (ground or plant refuge) and exposed (open ground or elevated substrate) aestivation habitats and assessed for parasitism. The fly was detected at 13 of 19 sampled sites up to 34 km from nursery release sites. Total parasitism rates of suitably sized snails (≥5 mm shell height) were 2.9% for C. acuta and 3.4% for C. barbara. Maximum parasitism rates of 48% for C. acuta and 29% for C. barbara were found at sites adjacent to spring- and summer-flowering native vegetation. Across 13 sites, parasitism rates were higher for C. acuta (5.4%) and C. barbara (15.2%) in exposed habitats above ground level. However, only 34% of C. acuta and 14% of C. barbara were found in elevated habitats as most snails were found in cryptic refuges. There was a seasonal decline in abundance of C. acuta (66%) and C. barbara (45%) between January and April, suggesting natural mortality. Although the overall impact of the fly is limited, high parasitism rates in local environments with flowering resources indicates the potential to enhance biocontrol of both invasive conical snail species.

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Mason, Sean, and Glenn McDonald. "Time of sowing influences wheat responses to applied phosphorus in alkaline calcareous soils in a temperate climate." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 11 (2021): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp21176.

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Adequate phosphorus (P) nutrition underpins cereal production in Australia and soil tests are commonly used to adjust fertiliser rates. The critical soil test values (i.e. required to achieve 90% of maximum yield) used for fertiliser recommendations have been derived from historic fertiliser trials sown mainly in May and June, with sowing date not considered in the interpretation of the critical values. However, the availability of long-season wheat cultivars has meant that crops can now be sown earlier. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of sowing time on optimum P rates for yield. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Mace and Trojan were grown at five P rates at three sites in the Mid-North and Yorke Peninsula of South Australia, on alkaline calcareous soils, in each of 2years. Both varieties showed similar responses to P. Crops sown in late April–early May often had a low optimum P rate, and there was a general trend for the optimum P rate to increase with later sowing. However, early sowing reduced the optimum P rate only when April rainfall was high. Grain yield responded positively to increases in vegetative growth from P fertiliser, and the optimum P rate for vegetative growth and grain yield were correlated. Early sowing increased grain P concentrations, and P removal rates were similar to, or greater than, those of later sown crops. Sowing in April–early May can reduce the P requirements of wheat, but there is an increased likelihood of a negative P balance; therefore, monitoring of soil P reserves will be required. A relationship between the optimum P rate for yield and the partial nutrient balance may provide a benchmark to help manage P.

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McDonald, Garrick, and Roger A. Farrow. "Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 3 (September 1988): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300013249.

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AbstractAerial sampling for Nysius vinitor Bergroth was undertaken in the surface and upper air, at altitudes of 2 and 100-300 m, respectively, at Trangie in central New South Wales and at Corny Point, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Insects were sampled for 15 periods, each of 3-11 days, between October 1979 and February 1984, covering all months except January, March and May. N. vinitor was one of the most abundant insects caught in the upper air during the day and night (mean density of 652/106 m3), while the congeneric N. clevelandensis Evans was rarely caught at any time. N. vinitor was caught in all months sampled except for the winter months of July and August, and the largest daily catches occurred in September. Females were generally less common than males, although the relative incidence in the upper air catches frequently increased significantly from day to night. Fewer mature females were caught in the upper air (0-16·8%) than at the surface (0-48·4%). Densities were generally much greater in the surface air than in the upper air, although during the major flights of spring, there was less than a two-fold difference, indicating increased migratory activity. Migration occurred in a range of synoptic conditions resulting in the displacement of individuals in a variety of directions and distances depending on synoptic flow at the time of flight. Major migrations occurred at night, following dusk take-off, in disturbed weather associated with prefrontal airflows. These resulted in net southward displacements of ca 200-300 km depending on flight duration. It is suggested that major immigration flights into central-western New South Wales and regions to the south regularly occur in early spring (September-October) and probably arise from breeding areas in subtropical latitudes.

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Roberts, Amy, Adrian Mollenmans, Quenten Agius, Fred Graham, Jeffrey Newchurch, Lester-Irabinna Rigney, Fred Sansbury, et al. "“They Planned Their Calendar… They Set Up Ready for What They Wanted to Feed the Tribe”: A First-Stage Analysis of Narungga Fish Traps on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 11, no. 1 (October 29, 2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2015.1096869.

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BARTOARNOLDIII, J. "Cosmos Coroneos and Robert Mckinnon, Shipwrecks of Investigator Strait and the Lower Yorke Peninsula 120 pp., illustrated Available as above, (1997) ISBN 0-9588496-3-3 A$20+p&p." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 28, no. 4 (November 1999): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-2414(99)80040-5.

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Morwood, M. J. "Edge-ground axes in Pleistocene Greater Australia - more evidence from S.E. Cape York Peninsula: a reply to Sutton." Queensland Archaeological Research 7 (January 1, 1990): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.7.1990.130.

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The Pleistocene antiquity of edge-ground artefacts in various parts of Northern Australia and New Guinea, including the Kimberley, western Arnhem Land and S.E. Cape York Peninsula, is no longer controversial (e.g. Jones and Johnson 1985; Schrire 1982; Rosenfeld et al. 1981).Â Even so, Sutton (1990:95 - this volume QAR) had rightly questioned the sufficiency of evidence presented by Morwood and Tresize (1990) in support of a minimum date of 32,000 b.p. for edge-grinding at Sandy Creek 1 in S.E. Cape York Peninsula.Â I welcome this opportunity to rectify this situation.Â

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Moretti, Isabelle, Emyrose Brouilly, Keanu Loiseau, Alain Prinzhofer, and Eric Deville. "Hydrogen Emanations in Intracratonic Areas: New Guide Lines for Early Exploration Basin Screening." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030145.

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Offshore the emissions of dihydrogen are highlighted by the smokers along the oceanic ridges. Onshore in situ measurements in ophiolitic contexts and in old cratons have also proven the existence of numerous H2 emissive areas. When H2 emanations affect the soils, small depressions and vegetation gaps are observed. These depressions, called fairy circles, have similarities with the pockmark and vent structures recognized for long time in the sea floor when natural gas escapes but also differences. In this paper we present a statistic approach of the density, size, and shape of the fairy circles in various basins. New data from Brazil and Australia are compared to the existing database already gathered in Russia, USA, and again Brazil. The comparison suggests that Australia could be one of the most promising areas for H2 exploration, de facto a couple of wells already found H2, whereas they were drilled to look for hydrocarbons. The sum of areas from where H2 is seeping overpasses 45 km2 in Kangaroo Island as in the Yorke Peninsula. The size of the emitting structures, expressed in average diameter, varies from few meters to kilometers and the footprint expressed in % of the ground within the structures varies from 1 to 17%. However, globally the sets of fairy circles in the various basins are rather similar and one may consider that their characteristics are homogeneous and may help to characterize these H2 emitting zones. Two kinds of size repartitions are observed, one with two maxima (25 m and between 220 m ± 25%) one with a simple Gaussian shape with a single maximum around 175 m ± 20%. Various geomorphological characteristics allow us to differentiate depressions of the ground due to gas emissions from karstic dolines. The more relevant ones are their slope and the ratio diameter vs. depth. At the opposite of the pockmark structures observed on the seafloor for which exclusion zones have been described, the H2 emitting structures may intersect and they often growth by coalescence. These H2 emitting structures are always observed, up to now, above Archean or Neoproterozoic cratons; it suggests that anoxia at the time the sedimentation and iron content play a key role in the H2 sourcing.

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Wannan, Bruce. "Review of the phytogeography of Cape York Peninsula: a flora that illustrates the development of the Australian sclerophyll biota." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 2 (2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13295.

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Paleontological records from north-eastern Australia suggest that Cape York Peninsula is likely to have retained a warm and humid environment throughout the Cenozoic. The cooling and drying trend of the last 15 million years has been moderated on Cape York Peninsula by its position on the northern leading edge of the continent, its maritime or aquatic influences and partly montane topography. Cape York Peninsula shares a close geographic relationship with New Guinea, with 40% of its species shared, but has a distinctively separate flora that includes 330 bioregionally endemic plant species and five bioregionally endemic plant genera. Comparison with the monsoon savanna areas of Western Australia (Kimberley) and Northern Territory (Top End) suggests that Cape York Peninsula has a much richer rainforest flora. The non-rainforest flora of all three areas contains a significant regional element. The Peninsula has a mix of plant communities that are similar to those identified from Australia’s vegetation in the Cenozoic including rainforest, woodlands and grasslands. Cape York Peninsula demonstrates the mosaic of these environments, which were typical of much of Australia during the Cenozoic but which were lost in most areas during the cooling and drying of the Pliocene and Quaternary. The fossil record and dated phylogenies suggest that some of the taxa first evident in Australia during the Cenozoic are still growing on Cape York Peninsula. In the Myrtaceae and Poaceae, Cape York Peninsula demonstrates nationally and internationally significant taxonomic diversity. Its taxa are related to many that emerged in the forests of the Paleocene and to taxa which became dominant following the drying of the Miocene. The Peninsula contains elements which represent both older and modern lineages of many families in Australia. The phytogeographic significance of Cape York Peninsula is that it has a highly diverse flora, which contains plant communities and taxa that demonstrate the development of the sclerophyll biota in Australia during the Cenozoic.

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Mayfield, A. H., and S. P. Trengove. "Grain yield and protein responses in wheat using the N-Sensor for variable rate N application." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 9 (2009): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08344.

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Soil types, cereal crop growth and grain yields are typically variable across many paddocks in the cropping regions of South Australia. In this study the value of a variable rate nitrogen fertiliser application, using the Yara N-Sensor, was compared with the standard practice of a uniform application, at crop growth stage 31, on the grain yield and protein content of wheat. These comparisons were made using the same total amount of fertiliser in paired variable and uniform rate treatments in commercial crops at a total of 10 sites over two years in the medium to higher rainfall areas of the Mid North and Yorke Peninsula of South Australia. The mean increase in wheat grain yield for the variable rate treatment was only 40 kg/ha, or 0.8%, when compared with the uniform rate treatment averaged over these 10 sites and two years. Grain yield differences ranged from 160 kg/ha more to 60 kg/ha less for the variable rate treatment when compared with the uniform rate treatment. Wheat grain yields with the uniform treatments ranged from 2.53 t/ha to 5.68t/ha and with a mean grain yield of 4.24 t/ha. The mean wheat grain protein content with the variable rate treatment was 11.0%, compared with 10.5% with the uniform rate treatment, a relative increase of 5.1%. Where grain yield responses to the variable rate treatments were compared between different biomass areas within a paddock, the greatest grain yield increases to a variable rate of N compared with a uniform rate were in the areas with the lowest 20% of crop biomass whereas grain yield differences were negligible in areas with the highest 60% of crop biomass. These low biomass areas also had the greatest grain yield response to the applied post emergent nitrogen fertiliser when compared with areas with no post emergent nitrogen fertiliser. N-Sensor outputs (biomass and N-rate) were compared with measurements of plant biomass, N uptake (kg N/ha) and %N content at points of contrasting biomass and N-rate within paddocks. There was a high correlation between the N-Sensor biomass and N-rate values and actual plant biomass and N uptake but not with the %N content. Crop biomass maps made using sensors such as the N-Sensor could provide useful data layers, which in combination with other datasets such as grain yield maps or elevation maps, be used to produce zone maps for further analysis or for variable rate input treatments. The N-Sensor could also be used in some situations to map variations in weed biomass for possible site specific weed management.

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Webster, Patrick, Nicholas Leseberg, Stephen Murphy, and James Watson. "New records of Painted Button-quail Turnix varius in North Queensland suggest a distribution through southern and central Cape York Peninsula." Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39199205.

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The current ornithological literature describes the Painted Button-quail Turnix varius having a distribution in Queensland that reaches its northern limit around Cooktown. North of Cooktown, the species is thought to be replaced by the Buff-breasted Button-quail T. olivii in savanna habitats of Cape York Peninsula. Here we present observations of Painted Button-quail at four locations throughout southern and central Cape York Peninsula, representing a northern range extension of at least ~150 km. Breeding was confirmed at one location. Whether these observations represent a recent northern expansion or a portion of their distribution that has until now been unrealised is uncertain. In addition, we present four skins and a clutch of eggs labelled as Painted Button-quail collected on Cape York Peninsula that have remained absent from current literature, although we argue that one specimen is inaccurate and the others need to be treated cautiously. This northern range extension for the Painted Button-quail has implications for reports of Buff-breasted Button-quail from Cape York Peninsula.

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Neldner, Victor J., Rodrick W. Rogers, and Paul I. Forster. "The lichen flora of tropical Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 5 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17246.

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The first account of the lichen flora of the Cape York Peninsula bioregion is provided with 423 lichen taxa from 47 families and 127 genera recorded. The tropical savannas of Cape York Peninsula, which experience annual or biennial ground fires, are generally a harsh environment for lichen establishment and growth. The majority of eucalypts and Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn. trees that dominate much of Cape York Peninsula vegetation regularly shed their bark and do not generally provide a suitable habitat for lichen establishment and persistence. However, even in these savanna habitats, some tree species provide suitable fire-safe substrates for lichens. The rainforest, riparian and coastal vegetation lichen flora is much more diverse, primarily because of the lack of fire but also because of more mesic conditions and persistent thin bark types. Most of the lichens (413 lichen species) survive on a number of bark types, while there are 51 species on rock substrates (10 exclusively on rocks). The diverse lichen flora is dominated by pantropical species, many of which are shared with New Guinea, Thailand and the Northern Territory. However, eleven lichen species are only known from Cape York Peninsula.

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Tutchener, David, David Claudie, and Michael Morrison. "Results of archaeological surveys of the Pianamu cultural landscape, central Cape York Peninsula, 2014-2016." Queensland Archaeological Research 22 (September 3, 2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.22.2019.3699.

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This paper presents preliminary results of archaeological investigation of the northern Cape York Peninsula highlands, the homelands of the Kuuku I’yu (northern Kaanju) people. Despite intensive and long-term research programs elsewhere in Cape York Peninsula, no previous archaeological work has been undertaken in this particular region. The aim of this research was to identify the location of archaeological places and artefacts throughout the Kaanju Ngaachi Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) and the broader Wenlock region. The preliminary research results outlined here include the recording of rock art, culturally modified trees, lithic material, pastoral sites and the remains of a Native Mounted Police camp. This study clearly indicates that the highlands of Cape York Peninsula have substantial research potential; however, further work is required to achieve a greater understanding of both physical and cultural landscapes.

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Braby, Michael F. "Biogeography of butterflies in the Australian monsoon tropics." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 1 (2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08021.

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The biogeography of butterflies within the monsoon tropical biome of northern Australia is reviewed in terms of patterns of species richness, endemism and area relationships. Available data indicate that the region supports a relatively rich fauna, comprising 265 species (~62% of the total Australian fauna), but endemism is low (6%). No genera are endemic to the monsoon tropics, but two (Neohesperilla, Nesolycaena) are characteristic components, embracing a total of seven species in the region, of which five are endemic. Three ecological specialists (Neohesperilla senta, Elodina walkeri, Candalides delospila), each associated with different vegetation types, appear to be characteristic elements of the monsoon tropics. Of 67 range-restricted species in the monsoon tropics, 15 (mostly associated with savanna) are endemic to the region, while 52 (mostly associated with rainforest) are non-endemic, occurring also in south-east Asia and/or mainland New Guinea. A pronounced attenuation in species richness from Cape York Peninsula across the Top End to the Kimberley is evident. Within the monsoon tropics, Cape York Peninsula stands out as an area of exceptional biodiversity, with 95% of the butterflies (251 species; 7 endemic species, 31 endemic subspecies/geographical forms) recorded from the entire region, compared with the Top End (123 species; 3 endemic species, 17 endemic subspecies/geographical forms). In contrast, the Kimberley has a comparatively depauperate fauna (85 species; 1 endemic species, 0 endemic subspecies) without strong Indonesian affinities, and contains only two range-restricted species. A sister-area relationship between Cape York Peninsula and the Top End–Kimberley is evident in one clade, Acrodipsas hirtipes (northern Cape York Peninsula) + A. decima (Top End), with a pairwise divergence of ~1% based on mtDNA, and is suspected in another, Nesolycaena medicea (southern Cape York Peninsula) and N. urumelia (Top End) + N. caesia (Kimberley); a further five species show similar sister-area relationships across the Carpentarian Gap but at the level of subspecies or geographical form. Three general and complementary hypotheses are proposed to explain patterns of geographical differentiation of butterflies in the monsoon tropics: (1) the Carpentarian Gap is a biogeographical filter, functioning as a barrier for some species but as a bridge for others; (2) divergence among taxa between Cape York Peninsula and the Top End–Kimberley has occurred fairly recently (Quaternary), probably through vicariance; and (3) the Bonaparte Gap, with the exception of Nesolycaena, is not a vicariant barrier for butterflies in the Top End and Kimberley.

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Woolston, F. P., and P. J. Trezise. "Petroglyphs of Cape York Peninsula." Mankind 7, no. 2 (February 10, 2009): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1969.tb00394.x.

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Winter, J. W. "Historical records of the eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus on Cape York Peninsula: clues to a postulated range extension." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 2 (2006): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06035.

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Emmitt, Joshua, Kasey Allely, Benjamin Davies, Eloise Hoffman, and Simon J. Holdaway. "Preliminary archaeological survey and remote-sensing of shell mounds at Kwokkunum, Albatross Bay, Cape York Peninsula, Australia." Queensland Archaeological Research 23 (March 23, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.23.2020.3718.

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Shell mounds are a prominent part of the Cape York Peninsula archaeological record. A short period of fieldwork allowed initial assessment of their presence, size, and shape in the Kwokkunum region, Albatross Bay. Shell mounds found in this area vary in size with some examples amongst the largest found in the Cape York Peninsula. Comparison of terrestrial and airborne LiDAR data suggests that shell mounds in areas like Kwokkunum may be identified remotely where mound slopes exceed 5–10°. However, vegetation provides significant challenges for shell mound recording and vegetation on the mounds impacts on their form and preservation. Some of the challenges the largest mounds pose for investigation are reviewed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Yorke Peninsula'

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