Academic literature on the topic 'Yolo v 3 model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Acharya, M., J. M. Burke, C. Hansen, and R. W. Rorie. "21 EVALUATION OF SEMEN EXTENDERS FOR SHORT-TERM STORAGE OF RAM SEMEN AT 4°C." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab21.
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Preliminary studies found that progressive motility of ram sperm declined ~75% when stored at 4°C for 24 h, and continued to decline over time when using extenders supplemented with 5% egg yolk. The current study evaluated the effects of different combinations of extenders, ethylene glycol (EG), egg yolk, and penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine on ram sperm progressive motility during storage. Semen collected from 3 Katahdin and 2 Suffolk rams by electroejaculation was distributed across treatment combinations consisting of either TRIS citrate or milk extender supplemented with 5 or 20% (v/v) egg yolk, ± 1% ethylene glycol (EG) and ± 20 µM penicillamine, 10 µM hypotaurine and 2 µM epinephrine (PHE). For each semen collection, TRIS citrate extender was prepared from a 4× solution so that the TRIS, citric acid and fructose concentration were constant at 300, 94.7, 27.8 mM, respectively, regardless of semen dilution factor. A 4× milk extender was also used so that the extender contained 10% (w/v) milk powder, regardless of semen dilution factor. Both extenders were supplemented with 50 µg mL−1 of gentamicin. Semen was diluted in extender to a final concentration of 300 million sperm/mL in 1.5-mL tubes, and cooled to 4°C over a 2- to 3-h period. Semen was evaluated initially and daily for 3 days, using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Repeated-measures data were analysed using the mixed model (JMP 12.0 software; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for main effects of extender, supplements, and their interactions. Nonsignificant interactions were removed from the model before reanalysis. Data are presented as LSMeans ± standard errors. Initially, sperm progressive motility averaged 41 ± 6.2% across treatments. After an initial decline, overall progressive motility did not change (P > 0.05) significantly (mean of 22.3 ± 1.6 and 23.05 ± 1.3% at 48 and 72 h, respectively). Over time and across treatment combinations, mean progressive motility was maintained to a greater extent (P < 0.01) by milk than TRIS-based extender (28.2 ± 1.1 v. 18.9 ± 1.1%, respectively). Across extenders, progressive motility of sperm was similar (P = 0.50) for 5 and 20% egg yolk (22.2 ± 1.4 v. 24.4 ± 1.4). Addition of 1% EG increased (P < 0.01) progressive motility (25.8 ± 1.05 v. 21.3 ± 1.05). Addition of PHE also increased (P < 0.01) progressive motility from 20.9 ± 1.04 to 26.3 ± 1.04%. There was an interaction between EG and % egg yolk, primarily due to an effect on sperm stored in TRIS citrate extender. Addition of 1% EG to extender containing 5% egg yolk improved (P < 0.01) progressive motility from 18.5 ± 1.5 to 26.9 ± 1.5%). Addition of 1% EG to TRIS citrate extender also increased (P < 0.05) progressive motility, from 14.6 ± 1.5 to 23.2 ± 1.5%. Results indicate that milk extender supplemented with 1% EG, PHE, and either 5 or 20% egg yolk is capable of maintaining progressive motility of ram semen at ~60% of its initial value when stored at 4°C for up to 72 h. Additional studies are needed to evaluate pregnancy rate after insemination of ewes with stored semen.
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Han, Xu, Lining Zhao, Yue Ning, and Jingfeng Hu. "ShipYOLO: An Enhanced Model for Ship Detection." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (June 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1060182.
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The application of ship detection for assistant intelligent ship navigation has stringent requirements for the model’s detection speed and accuracy. In response to this problem, this study uses an improved YOLO-V4 detection model (ShipYOLO) to detect ships. Compared to YOLO-V4, the model has three main improvements. Firstly, the backbone network (CSPDarknet) of YOLO-V4 is optimized. In the training process, the 3 × 3 convolution, 1 × 1 convolution, and identity parallel mode are used to replace the original feature extraction component (ResUnit) and more features are extracted. In the inference process, the branch parameters are combined to form a new backbone network named RCSPDarknet, which improves the inference speed of the model while improving the accuracy. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of missed detection of the small-scale ships, we designed a new amplified receptive field module named DSPP with dilated convolution and Max-Pooling, which improves the model’s acquisition of small-scale ship spatial information and robustness of ship target space displacement. Finally, we use the attention mechanism and Resnet’s shortcut idea to improve the feature pyramid structure (PAFPN) of YOLO-V4 and get a new feature pyramid structure named AtFPN. The structure effectively improves the model’s feature extraction effect for ships of different scales and reduces the number of model parameters, further improving the model’s inference speed and detection accuracy. In addition, we have created a ship dataset with a total of 2238 images, which is a single-category dataset. The experimental results show that ShipYOLO has the advantage of faster speed and higher accuracy even in different input sizes. Considering the input size of 320 × 320 on the PC equipped with NVIDIA 1080Ti GPU, the FPS and mAP@5 : 5:95 (mAP90) of ShipYOLO are increased by 23.7% and 13.6% (10.6%), respectively, with an input size of 320 × 320, ShipYOLO, compared to YOLO-V4.
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Zhang, Xiaolong, Bin Qian, Haitao Si, Liuying Zeng, and Hui Wang. "Research on the computer intelligent recognition of electric appliance by Yolo V5 algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032078.
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Abstract In the process of power operation, the correct identification of tools can lay a foundation for the detection of violations in power operation. In order to realize the recognition of power instruments, based on the current Yolo V5 algorithm, a detection algorithm for power instruments is proposed by improving Yolo V5 algorithm. Firstly, the model of Yolo V5 algorithm is introduced. Then the establishment of the power tool database and the process of model training are analysed. Finally, the test results are analysed and evaluated. The models generated after training were accelerated by TensorRT and then deployed on Jetson Xavier NX.
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Pratama, Yovi, and Errissya Rasywir. "Eksperimen Penerapan Sistem Traffic Counting dengan Algoritma YOLO (You Only Look Once) V.4." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i4.3309.
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Traffic counting is the activity of counting traffic (vehicles) that pass on the road in a certain period. The purpose of traffic counting is to collect traffic data, determine traffic characteristics, determine vehicle composition and measure traffic performance. With the YOLO V.4 algorithm, changes in the position, size and volume of the detected object can be carried out in several tests. Although not all the results of using this algorithm are perfect on all data, the results tend to be good. This is related to the services provided in the form of a convolutional layer on YOLO reducing downsample or reducing image dimensions by using anchor boxes, this algorithm can also increase accuracy. The YOLO V.4 algorithm utilizes an image feature scanning model using the concepts of angles and directions mathematically. From the results of experiments carried out in this study, obtained detection results that have a fairly good accuracy in the results of separating frames from video data. Irregular transformations of position, dimension, composition and direction can still be captured as the same feature. YOLO's ability in feature engineering is an acknowledgment that has been successfully proven in this research.
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Hernandez, M., T. Cremades, J. M. Vazquez, E. A. Martinez, and J. Roca. "77 EFFECT OF SUGAR SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab77.
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The optimization of cryopreservation extenders is an essential issue for the successful establishment of boar sperm cryobanks. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of sugar supplementation to the freezing extender and/or to the thawing diluents, and the interactions between these treatments on post-thaw survival of boar spermatozoa. Pooled sperm-rich fractions from 5 mature hybrid boars (5 ejaculates per boar) were divided into 7 aliquots, centrifuged at 2300g 3 min, and diluted to a final sperm concentration of approximately 1000 � 106 spermatozoa mL–1 with the freezing extender prior to freezing in 0.5-mL plastic straws; a standard freeze–thaw procedure with computer-controlled freezing equipment was utilized. All of the freezing extenders were based on Tris-citric acid buffer supplemented with 20% egg yolk and 0 mm (TC, no glucose), 0.05 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, or 185 mm glucose (all media adjusted to 310 mOsm kg–1; pH 6.8). After thawing at 37�C/20 s, semen was immediately diluted 1:2 (v/v) with either TC (no glucose) or BTS (205 mm glucose, 20.39 mm NaCl, 5.4 mm KCl, 15 mm NaHCO3, and 3.35 mm EDTA). Post-thaw sperm motility (assessed with a computer-assisted semen analysis system) and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (viability, assessed simultaneously by flow cytometry using triple fluorescent staining) were evaluated at 0, 30, and 150 min post-thaw and used to estimate the success of cryopreservation. Data were analyzed as a split plot design using a mixed model ANOVA including cryopreservation extender, thawing diluent, incubation time, and interactions as fixed effects and replicates as a random effect. The freezing extender did not have any significant effect on the percentage of motile or viable spermatozoa at either thawing or after 150 min (P > 0.05). There was a significant effect of incubation time (P < 0.0001) and thawing diluent (P < 0.0001) on motility and viability, with a significant interaction between them on motility (P = 0.018). Motility was similar (P > 0.05) at time 0 in both thawing diluents (mean � SEM: 49.4 � 3.7 v. 46.2 � 3.9% for BTS and TC, respectively), but decreased in Tris-diluted samples in a time-dependent manner (54.6 � 1.9 v. 42.5 � 2.6% at 30 min, and 40 � 3.4 v. 27.1 � 3.7% at 150 min). In contrast, viability was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in BTS-diluted samples at 0 (53.9 � 3.7 v. 49.7 � 3.8%), 30 (55 � 3.1 v. 47.7 � 3.31), and 150 min (51 � 4.2 v. 43.7 � 4.4%). These results indicate that, despite common beliefs, sugars are not necessary for cryopreservation but are beneficial for maintaining boar sperm metabolism for a longer time after thawing.
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Mr. Rahul Sharma. "Recognition of Anthracnose Injuries on Apple Surfaces using YOLOV 3-Dense." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 4, no. 02 (June 30, 2015): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v4i02.36.
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Plant ailment is one of the essential drivers of harvest yield decrease. With the advancement of PC vision and profound learning innovation, independent discovery of plant surface sore pictures gathered by optical sensors has become a significant research bearing for convenient yield ailment analysis. Right now, anthracnose injury identification strategy dependent on profound learning is proposed. Right off the bat, for the issue of lacking picture information brought about by the irregular event of apple illnesses, notwithstanding conventional picture expansion strategies, Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) profound learning model is utilized right now achieve information increase. These strategies adequately enhance the decent variety of preparing information and give a strong establishment to preparing the identification model. Right now, the premise of picture information increase, thickly associated neural system (DenseNet) is used to streamline highlight layers of the YOLO-V3 model which have lower goals. DenseNet extraordinarily improves the usage of highlights in the neural system and upgrades the identification consequence of the YOLO-V3 model. It is checked in tests that the improved model surpasses Faster R-CNN with VGG16 NET, the first YOLO-V3 model, and other three cutting edge arranges in discovery execution, and it can understand continuous recognition. The proposed technique can be all around applied to the recognition of anthracnose injuries on apple surfaces in-plantations.
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Hernandez, M., J. M. Vazquez, E. A. Martinez, and J. Roca. "119 OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING THE CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab119.
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The cryopreservation procedure causes dramatic changes in boar sperm survival but it is yet unclear where and how the process affects spermatozoa. Cryopreservation damage appears partly associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The present study evaluates the effect that various steps of a conventional cycle of cryopreservation have on the intracellular production of ROS by boar spermatozoa (spz). Sperm-rich fractions collected from 2 mature boars (3 ejaculates per boar), cooled to 17�C, and kept for 16 h were cryopreserved following a standard freeze–thaw process with 0.5-mL plastic straws. The production of ROS was recorded in 5 steps of the cryopreservation process. These steps were as follows: step (1) after collection, when the fresh semen was extended (1:1, v/v) in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS, 205 mM glucose, 20.39 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 15.01 mM NaHCO3, and 3.35 mM EDTA); step (2) after cooling and storage for 16 h at 17�C; step (3) after centrifugation (2400g for 3 min) and re-extension of the pellet with lactose-egg yolk extender; step (4) at 5�C, after the addition of lactose-egg yolk-glycerol-Equex Stem Paste to 1 � 109 spz mL; and step (5) immediately after thawing at 37�C for 20 s. For the ROS measurement, all samples were re-extended in BTS (3 � 106 spz mL-1) and incubated without (basal ROS level) or with ROS inducers (1 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide) for 120 min at 37�C and 5% CO2. Cells were simultaneously stained with 22,72-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (1 �M) to estimate the production of ROS, and propidium iodide (12 �M) to exclude dead sperm from the analysis. Samples were evaluated at 30 min and 120 min by flow cytometry (Coulter Epics XL; Coulter Corporation, Miami, FL, USA); further analyses of the parameters were done by FCSExpress software (DeNovo Software, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada). ROS production was expressed as the mean of the green intensity fluorescence units of the viable sperm population. Data from 3 replicates were analyzed as a split plot design using a mixed model ANOVA including cryopreservation step, boar, and incubation time as fixed effects and replicate as random effect. Results indicated that the basal ROS formation remained relatively low and constant (P = 0.95) through the cryopreservation process, without differences between boars (P = 0.559), although with a significant increase after 120 min of incubation (P < 0.001). However, the exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide significantly increased the intracellular ROS formation in all of the steps (P < 0.001), showing significant differences between them, and being especially raised at steps 3 and 4. In conclusion, the present study confirms that the basal intracellular ROS production during cryopreservation of boar sperm is low. Nevertheless, the susceptibility of those spermatozoa to external stresses vary through the cryopreservation process, especially after centrifugation and later extension at 17�C and after the slow cooling at 5�C. This work was supported by CICYT (AGF2005-00706), Madrid, Spain
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Sultana, Syada Nizer, Halim Park, Sung Hoon Choi, Hyun Jo, Jong Tae Song, Jeong-Dong Lee, and Yang Jae Kang. "Optimizing the Experimental Method for Stomata-Profiling Automation of Soybean Leaves Based on Deep Learning." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122714.
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Stomatal observation and automatic stomatal detection are useful analyses of stomata for taxonomic, biological, physiological, and eco-physiological studies. We present a new clearing method for improved microscopic imaging of stomata in soybean followed by automated stomatal detection by deep learning. We tested eight clearing agent formulations based upon different ethanol and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentrations in order to improve the transparency in leaves. An optimal formulation—a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of 95% ethanol and NaOCl (6–14%)—produced better quality images of soybean stomata. Additionally, we evaluated fixatives and dehydrating agents and selected absolute ethanol for both fixation and dehydration. This is a good substitute for formaldehyde, which is more toxic to handle. Using imaging data from this clearing method, we developed an automatic stomatal detector using deep learning and improved a deep-learning algorithm that automatically analyzes stomata through an object detection model using YOLO. The YOLO deep-learning model successfully recognized stomata with high mAP (~0.99). A web-based interface is provided to apply the model of stomatal detection for any soybean data that makes use of the new clearing protocol.
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Zhou, Xiao, Lang Jiang, Caixia Hu, Shuai Lei, Tingting Zhang, and Xingang Mou. "YOLO-SASE: An Improved YOLO Algorithm for the Small Targets Detection in Complex Backgrounds." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 4600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124600.
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To improve the detection ability of infrared small targets in complex backgrounds, an improved detection algorithm YOLO-SASE is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the YOLO detection framework and SRGAN network, taking super-resolution reconstructed images as input, combined with the SASE module, SPP module, and multi-level receptive field structure while adjusting the number of detection output layers through exploring feature weight to improve feature utilization efficiency. Compared with the original model, the accuracy and recall rate of the algorithm proposed in this paper were improved by 2% and 3%, respectively, in the experiment, and the stability of the results was significantly improved in the training process.
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Wu, Z., X. Chen, Y. Gao, and Y. Li. "RAPID TARGET DETECTION IN HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES USING YOLO MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1915-2018.
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Object detection in high resolution remote sensing images is a fundamental and challenging problem in the field of remote sensing imagery analysis for civil and military application due to the complex neighboring environments, which can cause the recognition algorithms to mistake irrelevant ground objects for target objects. Deep Convolution Neural Network(DCNN) is the hotspot in object detection for its powerful ability of feature extraction and has achieved state-of-the-art results in Computer Vision. Common pipeline of object detection based on DCNN consists of region proposal, CNN feature extraction, region classification and post processing. YOLO model frames object detection as a regression problem, using a single CNN predicts bounding boxes and class probabilities in an end-to-end way and make the predict faster. In this paper, a YOLO based model is used for object detection in high resolution sensing images. The experiments on NWPU VHR-10 dataset and our airport/airplane dataset gain from GoogleEarth show that, compare with the common pipeline, the proposed model speeds up the detection process and have good accuracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Pánková, Lucie. "Manažerské kompetence v projektovém řízení." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259905.
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In project management, the role of the person in charge the project manager is absolutely crucial. Depending on the requirements of the company, all kinds of demands can be placed on them.
The first part of this dissertation is focused on important milestones in the development of project management, leading to the concept of the project manager itself. Drawing on the relevant literature, there is an emphasis on the basic definition of his/her role and how it is currently perceived. The role is theoretically defined in a competence model, which is discussed in the practical part of the dissertation.
The second part deals with a questionnaire, which is evaluated using STATISTICA12 software. According to outputs from the quantitative method of research, there are then interviews with people who work in the field of project management - which provide additional background and explanation to the results of the research.
In the conlusion of thesis is proposed a own competency model,which is based on an analysis of theoretical background and the results of the applied methods and which is also inspired by IPMA Competence Baseline 3.
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Peloušek, Tomáš. "Simulace zkreslení zvukového signálu v percepčním zvukovém kodéru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442567.
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This thesis deals with the issue of the creation of a programme that would simulate the distortion that appears during the process of lossy audio coding. As the environment for the creation, the MATLAB programming language has been chosen. An encoder, which changes the subjective signal quality according to customer preferences for the bitrate, has been created as a practical part of this thesis. Its function is based on a dynamic bit allocation technique and includes an optional window switching algorithm. The theoretical background for the creation of the programme consists of an explanation of the main principles of lossy coding with emphasis on MPEG1 layer 3 operating principles. The practical chapter describes how the created programme and its parts work, and it includes results of the run quality testing. The testing was conducted using the objective assessment method PEMO-Q, and consisted of comparing the objective quality of the programme’s outputs to the quality of samples on which a regular MP3 encoder with identical settings was used.
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Faruzel, Jiří. "Data mining v oblasti kurzového sázení 3. anglické fotbalové ligy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76605.
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Thesis "Data Mining in the Field of English Football League Third Division's Betting Odds" deals with data mining referring to acquiring knowledge from data. The main objective of this work is to develop data models for prediction of match results and to compare these predictions with a chosen strategy of betting. The selected betting strategy is based on betting single bets with odds belonging to chosen intervals, which generate a profit. These odds intervals were discovered by analyzing 2006-2009 football matches in a created simulator. On the basis of these odds ranges data models were constructed. Each data model contains a hypothesis which is generated by SD4ft procedure of LispMiner based on all football matches played in seasons 2001-2008. Developed data models are tested afterwards using 2006-2009 football matches data. Results show that all derived data models are profitable in all four seasons under consideration. More than half of them successfully predicted 2009 matches as well. The analysis showed that betting agencies offer mostly odds which make it almost impossible to be profitable while betting on matches according to their odds. In spite of this fact I identified some odds intervals with which you can success while betting single bets on home-team, draw or visitor-team with odds falling within these intervals. Association rules with reasonable confidence and support can generate high profitability. It is important to realize that there are no data models which guarantee a certain profit. Most of developed data models are not applicable in the real world, some of them can actually generate a loss. Nevertheless there are data models to be found that could generate a profit in the real world.
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Zlámalíková, Šárka. "Hodnocení personální práce v multinacionální IT společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71744.
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The work is focused on 3-Box model and its usage in a selected international IT company. The first part describes the pillars of 3-Box model: HR Business Partners, HR Shared Service Centers and HR Centers of Excellence. The second part introduces the HR organization in the company and describes HR Direct, which represents HR Shared Service Centre in the 3-Box model. Based on findings, the improvement is designed.
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Hejcman, Marek. "Analýza business modelů v oblasti herního průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149993.
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The topic of this thesis is to analyze the business models currently used in the gaming industry. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current economic situation of the industry, distribution channels, used technologies and business practices from the perspective of all market participants. The theoretical part is due to less frequent topic devoted to the description of all entities of gaming industry. It analyzes not only all the actors involved in the development of video games and their subsequent sale but also the technical tools used to play games and also the players themselves. Video games are divided into two main streams (hardcore and casual) which also determine the structure and analysis. The analytical part focuses on capturing the most widely used business models and their combination for the sale of the video games. Models are then categorized into two groups (goods and services) and represent two different approaches to pricing scenarios. For each business model describes the basic principle, its pros and cons, the factors influencing the successful implementation and an example of the use of the model in practice. The analysis also includes the socio-economic profiles of two major market segments. In conclusion, based on the current developments and current trends in the field across the gambling industry the work tries to predict the future development of business models and for video games respectively. the whole industry.
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Župka, Jiří. "Orientace kamery v reálném čase." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237112.
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This work deals with the orientation of the camera in real-time with a single camera. Offline methods are described and used as a reference for comparison of a real-time metods. Metods work in real-time Monocular SLAM and PTAM methods are there described and compared. Further, paper shows hints of advanced methods whereas future work is possible.
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Le, Bourlot Jacques. "Calcul de probabilites de transition d'intercombinaison entre les etats x **(1)sigma ::(g)**(+) et a **(3)pi ::(v) de c::(2) carbone moleculaire : application a l'equilibre de c::(2) dans les nuages interstellaires diffus." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077128.
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Atallah, Ihab. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064.
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Introduction : La thérapie ciblée des cancers des VADS nécessite la mise au point de nouveaux vecteurs spécifiques. Ces vecteurs servent à acheminer des substances thérapeutiques, mais aussi ils peuvent être couplés à des fluorophores afin de les utiliser dans la chirurgie guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge.Objectifs : L'objectif de notre travail est de tester de nouveaux vecteurs des cancers des VADS et d'étudier l'apport de l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge dans la chirurgie des cancers des VADS chez un modèle animal orthotopique que nous mettons au point.Matériel et méthodes : La lignée cellulaire des cancers des VADS CAL33 est caractérisée in vitro et in vivo. De nouveaux vecteurs qui ciblent un ou plusieurs récepteurs des cellules CAL33 comme l'intégrine alpha v beta 3, l'EGFR et la NRP1, sont testés in vitro. Parallèlement, un modèle animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS est développé par implantation de fragments tumoraux des cellules CAL33, au niveau de la cavité buccale de la souris nude. La résection des tumeurs orthotopiques est guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge, après injection systémique du peptide RAFT-c[RGD]4 couplé à un fluorophore. Ce peptide cible l'intégrine alpha v beta 3 et est préalablement testé in vivo sur les cellules CAL33.Résultats : Nos résultats préliminaires montrent que certaines molécules bispécifiques présentent une liaison accrue in vitro aux cellules CAL33. Par ailleurs, la chirurgie guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge ciblant l'intégrine alpha v beta 3, présente un impact positif sur la survie sans rechute dans notre modèle orthotopique, à travers la détection de reliquats tumoraux qui pourraient passer inaperçus si l'exérèse tumorale avait été réalisée exclusivement d'une façon macroscopique. Elle permet aussi de détecter les adénopathies métastatiques.Conclusion : L'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge améliore la qualité de l'exérèse tumorale dans notre modèle orthotopqiue optimisé des cancers des VADS. Cette étape préclinique est indispensable avant de tester cette technique chez l'être humainIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
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Wojnarová, Renáta. "Efekt fúzí a akvizic na výkon tržních konkurentů v Číně a Spojených Státech." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412169.
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We examine the effect of merger announcements on the stock performance of acquirers' industry rivals in the context of Chinese and US deals between 1994 and 2017. Our analysis reveals that investors of rivals are able to earn abnormal returns during days around merger announcement, meaning that markets are not fully efficient as implied by the Efficient market hypothesis. We conclude that in a reaction to the announcement, US rivals achieve generally negative abnormal returns with higher magnitude and volatility compared to Chinese rivals. Additionally, we observe that Chinese investors' perception of mergers turned out to be more conservative after the Global financial crisis. During days around the merger announcement, signs of rivals' abnormal returns also differ on whether the target is public or private in both countries. Rivals operating in industries that are substantially supported by Chinese government such as real estate, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals experience positive reaction on mergers of their competitors. Furthermore, we find that industries with increasing im- portance in Chinese developing economy such as banking, telecommunications, and cyclical consumer products show a positive reaction of rivals' returns on merger announcements while in the developed US economy, a negative...
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Atallah, Ihab Nader Tawfik. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064/document.
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Introduction : La thérapie ciblée des cancers des VADS nécessite la mise au point de nouveaux vecteurs spécifiques. Ces vecteurs servent à acheminer des substances thérapeutiques, mais aussi ils peuvent être couplés à des fluorophores afin de les utiliser dans la chirurgie guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge.Objectifs : L'objectif de notre travail est de tester de nouveaux vecteurs des cancers des VADS et d'étudier l'apport de l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge dans la chirurgie des cancers des VADS chez un modèle animal orthotopique que nous mettons au point.Matériel et méthodes : La lignée cellulaire des cancers des VADS CAL33 est caractérisée in vitro et in vivo. De nouveaux vecteurs qui ciblent un ou plusieurs récepteurs des cellules CAL33 comme l'intégrine alpha v beta 3, l'EGFR et la NRP1, sont testés in vitro. Parallèlement, un modèle animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS est développé par implantation de fragments tumoraux des cellules CAL33, au niveau de la cavité buccale de la souris nude. La résection des tumeurs orthotopiques est guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge, après injection systémique du peptide RAFT-c[RGD]4 couplé à un fluorophore. Ce peptide cible l'intégrine alpha v beta 3 et est préalablement testé in vivo sur les cellules CAL33.Résultats : Nos résultats préliminaires montrent que certaines molécules bispécifiques présentent une liaison accrue in vitro aux cellules CAL33. Par ailleurs, la chirurgie guidée par l'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge ciblant l'intégrine alpha v beta 3, présente un impact positif sur la survie sans rechute dans notre modèle orthotopique, à travers la détection de reliquats tumoraux qui pourraient passer inaperçus si l'exérèse tumorale avait été réalisée exclusivement d'une façon macroscopique. Elle permet aussi de détecter les adénopathies métastatiques.Conclusion : L'imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge améliore la qualité de l'exérèse tumorale dans notre modèle orthotopqiue optimisé des cancers des VADS. Cette étape préclinique est indispensable avant de tester cette technique chez l'être humainIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
Books on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Sunardi. Penanganan anak berbakat dengan model non-segregasi: Laporan penelitian hibah bersaing V/3 perguruan tinggi. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret, 1999.
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French, Derek, Stephen W. Mayson, and Christopher L. Ryan. 3. Articles of Association. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198778301.003.0003.
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This chapter deals with articles of association, the principal element of a company’s constitution, under the Companies Act 2006. It describes the content of the articles, model articles of association which can be adopted by limited companies (either in whole or in part) on registration, and the function of articles as a contract between the company and its members and between the members themselves. It also considers provisions of articles that may be incorporated in other contracts, the right of members of a company to amend its articles, and provision allowing a company to restrict its objects. The chapter discusses a number of particularly significant court cases, including Allen v Gold Reefs of West Africa Ltd [1900] 1 Ch 656 and Quin and Axtens Ltd v Salmon [1909] AC 442.
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United States. Dept. of the Army., ed. Hand receipt covering contents of components of end item (COEI) basic issue items (B11), and additional authorizatioon list items (AAL) for water purification unit, van-type, body mounted, electric driven, AC, 115/208 V, single and 3 phase, 60 hertz, 1/20 to 2 hp, 1500 GPH, model EMC-1500S, NSN 4610-01-037-8746. [Washington, D.C.]: Headquarters, Dept. of the Army, 1993.
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Sullivan, Ceri. Shakespeare and the Play Scripts of Private Prayer. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857310.001.0001.
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Early modern private prayer shows skill in narration and drama. In manuals and sermons on how to pray, collections of model prayers, scholarly treatises about biblical petitions, and popular tracts about life crises prompting calls to God, prayer is valued as a powerful agent of change. Model prayers create stories about people in distinct ranks and jobs, with concrete details about real-life situations. These characters may act in play-lets, or appear in the middle of difficulties, or voice a suite of petitions from all sides of a conflict. Thinking of early modern private prayers as dramatic dialogues rather than as lyric monologues raises the question of whether play-going and praying were mutually reinforcing practices. Could dramatists deploying prayer on stage rely on having audience members who were already expert at making up roles for themselves in prayer, and who expected their petitions to have the power to intervene in major events? Does prayer’s focus on cause and effect structure the historiography of Shakespeare’s history plays: 2 and 3 Henry VI, Richard III, Richard II, Henry V, and Henry VIII?
Book chapters on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Yang, Xingyi, Yong Wang, and Robert Laganière. "A Scale-Aware YOLO Model for Pedestrian Detection." In Advances in Visual Computing, 15–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64559-5_2.
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Bi, Zhongqin, Fuqiang Xu, Meijing Shan, and Ling Yu. "YOLO-RFB: An Improved Traffic Sign Detection Model." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99203-3_1.
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Zhang, Jiacheng, Pingyu Wang, Zhicheng Zhao, and Fei Su. "Pruned-YOLO: Learning Efficient Object Detector Using Model Pruning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 34–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86380-7_4.
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Zou, Cong, and Yong-quan Liang. "Bird Detection on Transmission Lines Based on DC-YOLO Model." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 222–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46931-3_21.
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Kale, Yatharth V., Ashish U. Shetty, Yogeshwar A. Patil, Rajeshwar A. Patil, and Darshan V. Medhane. "Object Detection and Face Recognition Using Yolo and Inception Model." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 274–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96040-7_22.
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Quy, Hoang Duc, Ho Pham Huy Anh, and Nguyen Ngoc Son. "YOLO-Based Learning Machine Model for Cancer Diagnostic in Numerical Mammography." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 793–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99666-6_115.
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Talagrand, Michel. "The V-statistics Model." In Mean Field Models for Spin Glasses, 297–323. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15202-3_5.
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Jiang, Wei, and Lei Chen. "Coordinate Model for Text Categorization." In Transactions on Edutainment V, 214–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18452-9_17.
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Al-Shyoukh, Ibrahim, and Jeff S. Shamma. "A Coevolutionary Model of Strategic Network Formation." In Complex Networks V, 167–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05401-8_16.
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Gong, Jianxian. "Model Study of Maoecrystal V." In Total Synthesis of (±)-Maoecrystal V, 29–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54304-3_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Ayrapetov, Dmitriy, and Boris Buyanov. "Analysis of Work of YOLO v.3 AND YOLO v.2 Neural Networks." In International Conference Technology & Entrepreneurship in Digital Society. Real Economy Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/teds-2018-22-25.
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Wang, Xuanyu, Dan Niu, Puxuan Luo, Chao Zhu, Li Ding, and Kewei Huang. "A Safety Helmet and Protective Clothing Detection Method based on Improved-Yolo V 3." In 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac51589.2020.9327187.
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Friboulet, Denis P., Isabelle E. Magnin, Christophe Mathieu, D. Revel, and Michel Amiel. "Model of the left ventricle 3-D global motion: application to MRI data." In Medical Imaging V: Image Processing, edited by Murray H. Loew. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.45208.
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Kruszewski, Jerry, Marek Gutkowski, and Czeslaw Zajac. "Model Of The Bistable Electrooptic Switch In The LiNb0 3 :Ti Light Waveguide." In Optical Fibers and Their Applications V, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Mieczyslaw Szustakowski. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.952980.
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Espinosa, Daniel H. G., Mfon Odungide, Kashif M. Awan, and Ksenia Dolgaleva. "Generalized model for refractive index of III-V semiconductors." In Nonlinear Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/np.2020.npth2d.3.
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Son, A., J. Kim, N. Jeong, J. Choi, and H. Shin. "Improved Analytic I-V Model of the Long-Channel Undoped Surrounding-Gate MOSFET." In 2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2008.p-3-5.
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Hasegawa, Hideki, Eiji Ikeda, and Hideo Ohno. "Disorder Induced Gap State Model for Anomalous C-V Carrier Concentration Profiles at Epitaxially Grown Interfaces." In 1986 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1986.c-3-5.
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Magalhães, W. F., H. M. Gomes, L. B. Marinho, G. S. Aguiar, and P. Silveira. "Investigating Mobile Edge-Cloud Trade-Offs of Object Detection with YOLO." In VII Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2019.8788.
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With the advent of smart IoT applications empowered with AI, together with the democratization of mobile devices, moving the computation from cloud to edge is a natural trend in both academia and industry. A major challenge in this direction is enabling the deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which usually demand lots of computational resources (i.e. memory, disk, CPU/GPU, and power), in resource limited edge devices. Among the possible strategies to tackle this challenge are: (i) running the entire DNN on the edge device (sometimes not feasible), (ii) distributing the computation between edge and cloud or (iii) running the entire DNN on the cloud. All these strategies involve trade-offs in terms of latency, communication, and financial costs. In this article we investigate such trade-offs in a real-world scenario involving object detection from video surveillance feeds. We conduct several experiments on two different versions of YOLO (You Only Look Once), a state-of-the-art DNN designed for fast and accurate object detection and location. Our experimental setup for DNN model partitioning includes a Raspberry PI 3 B+ and a cloud server equipped with a GPU. Experiments using different network bandwidths are performed. Our results provide useful insights about the aforementioned trade-offs.
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Fuse, K., K. Kawamura, T. Matsudai, and W. Saito. "Analysis of Oscillatory Phenomena in Cathode Designs for 1200 V Diodes Using an LCR Circuit Model in Reverse Recovery." In 2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2019.k-3-04.
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Gupta, C., H. Agarwal, Y. K. Lin, S. Khandelwal, A. Ito, C. Hu, and Y. S. Chauhan. "Analysis and Modeling of Zero-VTH Native Devices with Industry Standard BSIM6 Model." In 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.ps-3-10.
Full textReports on the topic "Yolo v 3 model"
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Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder, and Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.
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Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
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Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder, and Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.sup.
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Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
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Gordon, Dalia, Ke Dong, and Michael Gurevitz. Unexpected Specificity of a Sea Anemone Small Toxin for Insect Na-channels and its Synergic Effects with Various Insecticidal Ligands: A New Model to Mimic. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697114.bard.
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Motivated by the high risks to the environment and human health imposed by the current overuse of chemical insecticides we offer an alternative approach for the design of highly active insect-selective compounds that will be based on the ability of natural toxins to differentiate between insect and mammalian targets. We wish to unravel the interacting surfaces of insect selective toxins with their receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels. In this proposal we put forward two recent observations that may expedite the development of a new generation of insect killers that mimic the highly selective insecticidal toxins: (i) A small (27aa) highly insecticidal sea anemone toxin, Av3, whose toxicity to mammals is negligible; (ii) The prominent positive cooperativity between distinct channel ligands, such as the strong enhancement of pyrethroids effects by anti-insect selective scorpion depressant toxins. We possess a repertoire of insecticidal toxins and sodium channel subtypes all available in recombinant form for mutagenesis followed by analysis of various pharmacological, electrophysiological, and structural methods. Our recent success to express Av3 provides for the first time a selective toxin for receptor site-3 on insect sodium channels. In parallel, our recent success to determine the structures and bioactive surfaces of insecticidal site-3 and site-4 toxins establishes a suitable system for elucidation of toxin-receptor interacting faces. This is corroborated by our recent identification of channel residues involved with these two receptor sites. Our specific aims in this proposal are to (i) Determine the bioactive surface of Av3 toward insect Na-channels; (ii) Identify channel residues involved in binding or activity of the insecticidal toxins Av3 and LqhaIT, which differ substantially in their potency on mammals; (iii) Illuminate channel residues involved in recognition by the anti-insect depressant toxins; (iv) Determine the face of interaction of both site-3 (Av3) and site-4 (LqhIT2) toxins with insect sodium channels using thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis; and, (v) Examine whether Av3, LqhIT2, pyrethroids, and indoxacarb (belongs to a new generation of insecticides), enhance allosterically the action of one another on the fruit fly and cockroach paraNa-channels and on their kdr and super-kdr mutants. This research establishes the grounds for rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health, and offers a new approach in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increases insecticidal action and reduces risks of resistance buildup.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Pichersky, Eran, Alexander Vainstein, and Natalia Dudareva. Scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers under normal and adverse environmental conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699859.bard.
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The ability of flowering plants to prosper throughout evolution, and for many crop plants to set fruit, is strongly dependent on their ability to attract pollinators. To that end many plants synthesize a spectrum of volatile compounds in their flowers. Scent is a highly dynamic trait that is strongly influenced by the environment. However, with high temperature conditions becoming more common, the molecular interplay between this type of stress and scent biosynthesis need to be investigated. Using petunia as a model system, our project had three objectives: (1) Determine the expression patterns of genes encoding biosynthetic scent genes (BSGs) and of several genes previously identified as encoding transcription factors involved in scent regulation under normal and elevated temperature conditions. (2) Examine the function of petunia transcription factors and a heterologous transcription factor, PAPl, in regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid/benzenoid scent pathway. (3) Study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by several petunia transcription factors and PAPl of scent genes under normal and elevated temperature conditions by examining the interactions between these transcription factors and the promoters of target genes. Our work accomplished the first two goals but was unable to complete the third goal because of lack of time and resources. Our general finding was that when plants grew at higher temperatures (28C day/22C night, vs. 22C/16C), their scent emission decreased in general, with the exception of a few volatiles such as vanillin. To understand why, we looked at gene transcription levels, and saw that generally there was a good correlation between levels of transcriptions of gene specifying enzymes for specific scent compounds and levels of emission of the corresponding scent compounds. Enzyme activity levels, however, showed little difference between plants growing at different temperature regimes. Plants expressing the heterologous gene PAPl showed general increase in scent emission in control temperature conditions but emission decreased at the higher temperature conditions, as seen for control plants. Finally, expression of several transcription factor genes decreased at high temperature, but expression of new transcription factor, EOB-V, increased, implicating it in the decrease of transcription of BSGs. The major conclusion of this work is that high temperature conditions negatively affect scent emission from plants, but that some genetic engineering approaches could ameliorate this problem.
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Malek, Mohammad Abdul, Aiko Kikkawa, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Abdul Kalam Azad. Rural Development in Bangladesh Over Four Decades: Findings from Mahabub Hossain Panel Data and the Way Forward. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/ppxg8315.
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The Mahabub Hossain Panel Data (MHPD) was initiated in 1988 and maintained by and named after the late Mahabub Hossain, a well-known agricultural and development economist who led a number of reputed organizations in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and BRAC) and in the region (International Rice Research Institute). We portray the historical context, sampling evolution, survey structure and methodology, and academic and policy contributions of the MHPD with some lessons learned for the next step forward. The MHPD has tracked rural households for a period of over 3 decades (1988–2014) with five waves of household surveys covering over 2,800 households and has collected a wide range of information on household composition, schooling of household members, assets, cropping intensity and patterns including cost and return, employment and income, consumption, participation in different government and nongovernment programs. We reviewed several books and journal articles authored by Mahabub Hossain and related academic papers and documents and collated information on MHPD, including (i) mapping out information on past and ongoing panel or cross-sectional household survey data series in Bangladesh; (ii) undertaking the review of all past rounds of MHPD survey documents, such as survey implementation plans, questionnaires, codebooks, databases, and processed data; (iii) consulting relevant stakeholders, including the past implementers of the surveys and the users of the data as needed to validate documented information; (iv) taking stock of the contribution of MHPD to academic literature and policy development; and (v) drawing a number of lessons learned for future data collection and policy making. The report aims to (i) serve as a comprehensive reference document for scholars and policy makers who wish to understand MHPD for possible use in their research; and (ii) provide a comprehensive baseline from which we can consider ways to enhance MHPD further to continue contributing to understanding the economic and social issues of today and near future. By compiling all associated research work based on MHPD, we offer a historical landscape of Bangladesh’s social and economic development and a credible explanation for the Bangladesh development model for global comparison.
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Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Micrometeorological methods for inferring whole canopy evapotranspiration in large agricultural structures: measurements and modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594402.bard.
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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives as stated in the approved proposal were: (1) To establish guidelines for the use of micrometeorological techniques as accurate, reliable and low-cost tools for continuous monitoring of whole canopy ET of common crops grown in large agricultural structures. (2) To adapt existing methods for protected cultivation environments. (3) To combine previously derived theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in large agricultural structures (an outcome of our previous BARD project) with ET data derived from application of turbulent transport techniques for different crops and structure types. All the objectives have been successfully addressed. The study was focused on both screenhouses and naturally ventilated greenhouses, and all proposed methods were examined. Background to the topic Our previous BARD project established that the eddy covariance (EC) technique is suitable for whole canopy evapotranspiration measurements in large agricultural screenhouses. Nevertheless, the eddy covariance technique remains difficult to apply in the farm due to costs, operational complexity, and post-processing of data – thereby inviting alternative techniques to be developed. The subject of this project was: 1) the evaluation of four turbulent transport (TT) techniques, namely, Surface Renewal (SR), Flux-Variance (FV), Half-order Time Derivative (HTD) and Bowen Ratio (BR), whose instrumentation needs and operational demands are not as elaborate as the EC, to estimate evapotranspiration within large agricultural structures; and 2) the development of mathematical models able to predict water savings and account for the external environmental conditions, physiological properties of the plant, and structure properties as well as to evaluate the necessary micrometeorological conditions for utilizing the above turbulent transfer methods in such protected environments. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions are: (i) the SR and FV techniques were suitable for reliable estimates of ET in shading and insect-proof screenhouses; (ii) The BR technique was reliable in shading screenhouses; (iii) HTD provided reasonable results in the shading and insect proof screenhouses; (iv) Quality control analysis of the EC method showed that conditions in the shading and insect proof screenhouses were reasonable for flux measurements. However, in the plastic covered greenhouse energy balance closure was poor. Therefore, the alternative methods could not be analyzed in the greenhouse; (v) A multi-layered flux footprint model was developed for a ‘generic’ crop canopy situated within a protected environment such as a large screenhouse. The new model accounts for the vertically distributed sources and sinks within the canopy volume as well as for modifications introduced by the screen on the flow field and microenvironment. The effect of the screen on fetch as a function of its relative height above the canopy is then studied for the first time and compared to the case where the screen is absent. The model calculations agreed with field experiments based on EC measurements from two screenhouse experiments. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of four simple TT techniques for ET estimates within large agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable the future development of lowcost ET monitoring system which will be attainable for day-to-day use by growers in improving irrigation management.
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.