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Tamime, Adnan Yahia. "Some aspects of the production of yoghurt and condensed yoghurt." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359611.
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Taylor, Darren P., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Aspects of the production of viscous capsular material by the yoghurt starter, Streptococcus thermophilus." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.085849.
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The technology of modern fermented milk production is not complicated and relies largely on the characteristics of the microorganisms used in its manufacture. Biochemical substances excreted by the starter cultures contribute to the chemical, physical and organoleptic properties of cultured milks. Chemical and organoleptic properties of yoghurt starter cultures have been widely studied over several decades. Conversely the biosynthetic processes and genetic control of the production of viscous extracellular material (slime) by selected thermophillic streptococci is still insufficiently understood. This study attempted to elucidate physiological aspects and the genetic control of slime production. An attempt to chemically induce ropiness was also preformed.
Twenty strains of Gram positive, thermo-tolerant, milk dotting, catalase negative cocci were collected from a variety of sources. All strains were identified as Streptococcus thermophilus. Four of the isolates were identified as capable of producing an extracellular, ropy capsular material.
A negative staining method for highlighting capsular material under light microscopy was described. Ropy isolates displayed thick capsular zones of between 6-8 μm. The isolates graded as non-ropy produced only small capsular zones (less than 2 μm); two variants displayed no capsular material.
Instability of the ropy phenotype during subculture and prolonged storage was described for all four ropy isolates at varied temperatures. Instability during transfer was reported as moderate with a loss of no more than 45% of ropy colonies after 15 subcultures at 48°C A significant increase in instability, during transfer, associated with an increase in incubation temperature (37-48°C) was also reported. Prolonged storage of ropy variants over ten days resulted in a drop in the number of ropy colonies. The loss was minimal when cultures were stored at 8°C, but excessive (approaching 100%) at 37°C This suggested the presence of capsular degradative substances.
Analysis of the plasmid profiles of 20 strains identified only two strains harboured plasmid DNA. All plasmids were small, less than 23kilobases, and each strain possessed a single plasmid species. Only one ropy strain contained plasmid DNA that was shown, with the aid of curing experiments, not to be linked to production of the ropy phenotype.
The amino acid analogue p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine was unsuccessful in generating ropy colonies from non-ropy variants of Streptococcus thermophilus at low concentrations. Some technological considerations for the use of ropy variants of Streptococcus thermophilus in yoghurt starter cultures were made.
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Dincel, Sezen. "Chemical And Rheological Properties Of Yoghurt Produced By Lactic Acid Cultures Isolated From Traditional Turkish Yoghurt." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614484/index.pdf.
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Yoghurt is a fermented milk product which is produced by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus. The production of yoghurt has started in Middle East and spread all over the world. The aim of this study is to select the culture combination which is appropriate to Turkish taste and have the best yoghurt characteristics by means of post-acidification and whey separation properties, texture of gel formation, exopolysaccharide and acetaldehyde contentand to observe the effect of freeze-drying of cultures on these yoghurt properties. At the first part of this study, six L.delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus isolates and six S.thermophilus isolates were used with different combinations to produce 36 yoghurt samples. These isolates were selected among a strain collection which contains 111 L.delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus and 56 S.thermophilus isolates which were isolated from traditional Turkish yoghurt according to their acidification activity and acetaldehyde production properties. In addition, two commercial S.thermophilus isolates and one commercial L.delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus isolate were used to produce two commercial yoghurt samples. 38 yoghurt samples were examined in terms of pH and total titratable acidity changes during 21-day storage, syneresis and hardness. According to these three analyses, six yoghurt samples were chosen, which give the best results, for the determination of exopolysaccharide and acetaldehyde content. In addition, two yoghurt samples produced by commercial cultures and one sample, which gives average results in experiments, were also examined for these compounds to provide a good comparison. In the second part of the study the amount of exopolysaccharide and acetaldehyde of nine yoghurt samples were determined. In addition, sensory analysis was conducted to see consumer perception. According to the results, one culture combination was obtained as the best combination which produces the appropriate yoghurt to Turkish taste with the closest chemical analysis results to the commercial samples. In the last part, freeze drying process was examined if this has a significant effect on the selected LAB combination as well as yoghurt produced by using this.
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Ozer, Barbaros Hamdi. "Rheological properties of labneh (concentrated yoghurt)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267428.
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Hellström, Line. "Framställning och vidareympning av gårdskultur : Vad skiljer en yoghurt fermenterad av gårdens egen bakterieflora från industriell och traditionell yoghurt?" Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18378.
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Bakgrund: Med industrialiseringen har de traditionella yoghurtkulturerna med en mångfald av samverkande mjölksyrabakterier fått ge plats åt de mer standardiserade. En gårdskultur framställs genom att obehandlad mjölk spontanfermenteras av gårdens egen bakterieflora och får därigenom en unik karaktär. Bakteriekulturen kan sedan ympas vidare för tillverkning av yoghurt.Syfte: Syftet med studien är framställning och vidareympning samt sensorisk och mikrobiologisk karaktärisering av termofil gårdskultur från obehandlad mjölk. Vidareympningen avser framställning av yoghurt fermenterad av gårdens egen bakterieflora.Metod: Gårdskulturen framställdes och ympades till yoghurt. Yoghurten undersöktes genom mikrobiologisk karaktärisering, antibiotikaresistens och sensorisk profilering samt jämfördes med industriell kultur och en traditionell heirloomkultur.Resultat: Resultatet visade att gårdskulturen skiljde sig både mikrobiologisk och sensoriskt. Gårdskulturen innehöll stammar av enterokocker vilka inte visade på resistens mot analyserade antibiotika.Slutsats: Det är möjligt att framställa en gårdskultur av godtagbar mikrobiologisk och sensorisk kvalitet. Gårdskulturen ger en differentierad mikrobiologisk och sensorisk karaktär i jämförelse med en industriell kultur och en traditionell heirloomkultur Metoden kan vara riskfylld och kulturen bör analyseras med avseende på patogen tillväxt. En unik gårdsyoghurt kan vara en metod för gårdsmejerister att i sitt varumärke bygga på terroir och platsens unicitet.Background: With industrialization, the traditional yoghurt cultures with a multitude of lactic acid bacteria had to make way for the more standardized. An artisanal farm culture is produced by raw milk spontaneously fermented by the farm's own bacterial flora and thus develops a unique character. The bacterial culture can then be inoculated for the production of yoghurt.Purpose: The pupose of the study is to produce and inoculate as well as sensory and microbiological characterization of a thermophilic artisanal farm culture from raw milk. The inoculation relates to the production of yoghurt fermented by the farm's own bacterial flora.Method: The artisanal farm culture was produced and inoculated into yoghurt which was assessed by microbiological characterization, antibiotic resistance, sensory profiling and then compared with industrial culture and a traditional heirloom culture.Result: The result showed that the artisanal farm culture differed both microbiologically and with regard to sensory paramters. The farm culture contained strains of enterococci which did not show resistance to analyzed antibiotics.Conclusion: It is possible to produce an artisanal farm culture of good microbiological and sensory quality. The artisanal farm culture provides a differentiated microbiological and sensory character in comparison to an industrial culture and a traditional heirloom culture The method may be risky and the culture should be analyzed for pathogens. A unique farm yoghurt can be a method for artisan farm dairies to build their brand based on terroir.
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Itsaranuwat, Pariyaporn. "Aspects of the fermentation of soy milk." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272234.
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Varga, Ferenc. "The origins, production and control of acetaldehyde in yoghurt." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271185.
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Erkuş, Oylum Harsa Şebnem. "Isolation, Phenotypic And Genotypic Charecterization of Yoghurt Starter Bacteris/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/gidamuh/T000641.pdf.
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Hultin, Marina, and Lina Larsson. "Optimerad förpackningsdesign : Med avseende att minimera livsmedelspill." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1134.
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This degree project was performed by Marina Hultin and Lina Larsson and it is our final project in the Innovation- and design engineer programme at Karlstad University. The project was carried out during the spring semester 2007. The project comprises 20 weeks of work and 5 of these were reserved for a study of literature. Our project was assigned by Designstudio Värmland and our instructor and examiner was Lennart Wihk.
Each year 50 kg of food is thrown away per person. One of the reasons for this is that a lot of the food remains in the container. We produce more food than there is a need for because of all the food that goes to waste. This also contributes to an emission of carbon dioxide of a half million tons. As assigned by Designstudio Värmland we took a closer look at the food packaging of today. The base for this project is a research project, which has been carried out at Karlstad University. The purpose was to show that if it is possible to get the most out of the food container, it is justified to use more packaging material. The packaging shall be optimized, not minimized!
The purpose of the project is to examine some packings on the market that contributes to the food waste. If the food packaging is optimized, the waste of food can be reduced and at the same time the consumers will be more satisfied and also get more value for their money.
Our aim was to develop three concepts of optimized packings that will reduce the food wastage. Graphic design for each and every packing is included. The work method that was used is called the design procedure.
When the brainstorming was completed we decided to only include packaging for yoghurt. This decision was made because today’s yoghurt containers are difficult to empty.
The project resulted in three concepts of new yoghurt containers. Prototypes were made both in CAD and as visuals. Graphic design was also made for each concept.
Detta examensarbete har utförts av Marina Hultin och Lina Larsson under vårterminen 2007 och är en avslutning på Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet på Karlstads universitet. Arbetet omfattar 20 poäng, varav 5 poäng består av en fördjupad litteraturstudie. Uppdragsgivare var Designstudio Värmland och handledare för examensarbetet var Lennart Wihk.
Varje år slänger vi 50 kg livsmedel per person. Detta beror till stor del på att det finns livsmedel kvar i förpackningen. Eftersom vi slänger livsmedel så innebär det att mer mat produceras än det finns behov för. Den mat vi slänger bidrar till ett koldioxidutsläpp på en halv miljon ton per år. På uppdrag av Designstudio Värmland tittade vi närmare på dagens förpackningar för livsmedel. Detta arbete grundar sig i en forskningsstudie som bedrivits på Karlstads universitet. Studien visar att om det går att få ut lite mer av livsmedlet ur dess förpackning så är det befogat att använda mer förpackningsmaterial. Förpackningen ska optimeras, inte nödvändigtvis minimeras.
Syftet med projektet är att undersöka några olika förpackningar på marknaden som bidrar till slöseriet av livsmedel. Genom att optimera förpackningen kan livsmedelspillet minskas och konsumenterna blir nöjdare och får även mer valuta för pengarna.
Målet som sattes upp var att ta fram tre koncept på optimerade förpackningar, med tillhörande grafisk design, som minskar livsmedelspillet. Arbetet utfördes enligt designprocessen.
Efter idégenereringen beslutade vi att avgränsa oss till yoghurtförpackningar, då dagens förpackningar för yoghurt är svåra att tömma.
Resultatet blev tre koncept på nya yoghurtförpackningar. CAD-modeller och prototyper togs fram på alla olika koncept. Till varje koncept gjordes även en grafisk utformning.
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Mahdi, Hussain A. "Some aspects of production and quality of strained yoghurt (Labneh)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278449.
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Miller, Craig William, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "A study of packaging methods to reduce the dissolved oxygen content in probiotic yoghurt." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Miller_C.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/633.
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Probiotic bacteria are added to commercial yoghurts as adjunct cultures, to impart health benefits to consumers. To gain maximum therapeutic benefit, the bacteria must remain viable over the shelf life of the yoghurt. Studies have shown, however, that the viability of these bacteria decreases significantly over this period and in some products, is negligible prior to the expiry date. Some strains of probiotic bacteria are oxygen sensitive. Yoghurt has been found to contain a significant concentration of dissolved oxygen and it has been proposed that this has a negative effect on probiotic viability. In this research, several tests were conducted and observations made. Experiments were conducted with non-commercial probiotic cultures to observe the effect of low oxygen environment on probiotic viability. No significant difference existed in viability between probiotic bacteria stored in oxygen reduced yoghurt and regular yoghurt. All yoghurt stored in oxygen barrier packaging material displayed enhanced shelf-life properties, this was observed in replicated experiments. Oxygen barrier packaging combined with an oxygen scavenging material was found to be the most effective oxygen removal system, particularly when used with set type yoghurt.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Špiliauskaitė, Jūratė. "Jogurtų sudedamųjų dalių mitybinės vertės analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232843-99394.
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Darbo tikslas – įvertinti jogurtų sudedamąsias dalis, mitybinę vertę ir vartotojų nuomonę apie jogurtus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Remiantis moksline literatūra, aptarti jogurto savybes, gaminimo metodikas, įvairovę; 2. Įvertinti apklaustųjų nuomonę pasirenkant pirkti ir vartoti jogurto produktus; 3. Atlikti jogurto sudedamųjų dalių analizę, pagal pakuočių ženklinime pateiktą informaciją; 4. Atlikti laktozės laboratorinius tyrimus atrinktuose jogurto pavyzdžiuose; 5. Parengti jogurtų vartojimo rekomendacijas. Darbo metodai – mokslinės literatūros analizė, kokybinis (jogurto sudėtis) ir kiekybiniai (anketinė apklausa, laktozės laboratorinis tyrimas) tyrimai, statistinė tyrimo rezultatų analizė. Siekiant įvertinti jogurtų sudedamąsias dalis, jų mitybinę vertę, bei apklaustųjų nuomonę pasirenkant pikti ir vartoti jogurtą, tyrimui buvo parinkti šie tyrimo instrumentai: vartotojų apklausos klausimynas (anketa), jogurtų pakuočių ženklinimo etiketės; jogurtų laboratorinių tyrimų protokolas.The aim of the research – to evaluate the ingredients, the nutritive value of yoghurts and consumers‘opinion on yoghurts. Research tasks: 1. To discuss the characteristics of yoghurt in accordance with the scientific literature, its production techniques and its diversity; 2. To evaluate the opinion of respondents which determine their choice when buying and consuming yoghurt products; 3. To conduct the yoghurt ingredients’ analysis according to the package labelling information; 4. To perform lactose laboratory tests of selected samples of yoghurt; 5. To prepare yoghurt consumption recommendations. Methods of the Work – scientific literature analysis, qualitative (yoghurt composition) and quantitative (questionnaire, lactose laboratory test) research, statistical analysis of the survey results. In order to evaluate the yoghurt’s ingredients, its nutritional value and the respondents’ preferences of buying and consuming yoghurt the following tools for the conduction of research have been chosen: consumer survey questionnaire; yoghurt packaging labelling marking; the protocol of yoghurts’ laboratory testing.
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Elvin, Mark. "Production and structure of exopolysaccharides from thermophilic lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368301.
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Thabloga, Wannapa. "Volatile compounds and Some properties of soy yoghurt fermented by lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485705.
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Soybean milk is a nutritional food consisting high protein content, unsaturated fatty acids and no cholesterol. However, soymilk and soy products are commonly characterised by a beany off-flavour leading to low-consumer acceptability in Western cultures. The aims of the cUJ:rent study are to reduce the main off-flavour, such as hexanal, by preparing soymilk freshly with control processing steps and investigating lactic acid bacteria to explor~the reduction of hexanal and enhance desirable volatile compounds in soymilk. Soybeans soaked in NaHC03 had an appearance and colour of soymilk better than the unsoaked soybeans. In addition, soymilk from soybeans soaked in purified water, dehulled soybeans, and boiled in NaHC03for 10 min, produced good qualities in total solids, and whiter than soymilk boiled for 30 min. The chosen procedure for the production of the soymilk, a blended (for 2 min) soybean milk was mixed by mixer emulsifier at 8000 rev min-I for 5 min, homogenized at 200 kg sq cm-I and finally separated the milk with centrifugation at 169 x g for 5 min. This soymilk was rich in total solids content (77.8 g kg-I). Soy yogl:mrt has a weak viscoelastic behaviour. The optimised ratio of soybeans: water (1 : 5) was used to prepare soy yoghurt. The aroma profiles ofsoymilk were identified by GC-MS analysis. The main volatile compound in soymilk was hexanal. Other volatiles present in high amounts were 1-octen-3-01, 1-hexanol, pentanal, 2-pentyl furan and 1-pentanol. Selected Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei mixture produced acetaldehyde, diacetyl andacetoin and also reduced hexanal. The survival in soy yoghurt ofLact. casei was better than that ofLact. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus during 48h of incubation. Strep. thermophilus preferred to utIlIze sucrose to glucose whIle Lact. casei utilized glucose. Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei did not reduce stachyose and raffinose. Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei in single or mixture culture reduced hexanal to hexanol, and the hexanol was further reduced during the 24 h of the fermentation. The reduction ofhexanal to hexanol in soy yoghurt is desirable because hexanol has a weaker flavour than hexanal. Soy yoghurt fermented by mixed cultures ofStrep. thermophilus and Lact. casei had characteristics of yoghurt with a good curd and a pH of4.5-5.6. Strep. f' thermophilus grew rapidly during the first 6 h, and then grew slowly during the next 18 h of incubation. Lact. casei grew continually during 24h of incubation. Soy yoghurt fennented by mixed cultures contained desirable aroma compounds, including acetaldehyde, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and acetoin. The soy yoghurts from soymilks with added glucose or sucrose had increased levels ofpyruvate, 2,3- pentanedione and diacetyl, suggesting that sugars contribute to the production of these products. The amino acids, methionine and threonine, did not contribute to the production of acetaldehyde in yoghurt but promoted ethanol fonnation. The microstructure of soy yoghurt was studied by scanning electron microscope. Soy yoghurt contained a gel network with branched chains and Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei were found in the spaces or embedded in the netWork.
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Necheva, Stefka Nikolaeva. "Food purchasing behaviour in Bulgaria : an empirical study of yoghurt and ice-cream." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399023.
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Brauss, Michael S. "Flavour release from fresh and processed foods." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310836.
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Whitley, Katherine. "Phenotypic variants of lactic acid bacteria, their metabolism and relevance to probiotic criteria." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323780.
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Abesinghe, Abesinghe Mudiyanselage Nishani Lakmali. "Effects of ultrasound on homogenization and fermentation kinetics of buffalo's milk." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180811/1/Abesinghe%20Mudiyanselage%20Nishani%20Lakmali_Abesinghe_Thesis.pdf.
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This research has developed a new method of fermentation of set yoghurts made from buffalo's milk using ultrasound technology. It investigated the effects of power ultrasound on the starter culture members which are used to ferment buffalo's milk. The study determined the changes that take in the components of buffalo's milk due to the ultrasound. The results were used to determine the optimum process conditions for the fermentation of buffalo's milk. Outcomes of the research will lead to higher productivity and better quality set yoghurts manufacturing.
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Miller, Craig William. "A study of packaging methods to reduce the dissolved oxygen content in probiotic yoghurt." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040701.172045/index.html.
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Lyimo, Monica Eliezer. "Survival of Listeria innocua during the production and preservation of concentrated yoghurt starter cultures." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259484.
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Hardy, Zolelwa. "Functional and nutritional characteristics of Bambara groundnut milk powder as an ingredient in yoghurt." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2340.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The aim of this study was to evaluate Bambara groundnut (BGN) milk subjected to spray drying with a view to establish functional, nutritional and physical properties as an ingredient in BGN yoghurt production. BGN milk powder (BGNMP) was successfully produced employing the spray drying technology. Maltodextrin was used as the drying carrier to elevate total solids of BGNM prior to spray drying. There were three levels of maltodextrin (5, 10 and 15%) employed and 10% was ideal. The optimum spray drying parameters were estimated to be the following; inlet temperature (150oC), outlet temperature (74oC), air pressure (3 bars), flow rate (10% or 16mL/min), and air flow (42.9 m3/h). The functional properties evaluated revealed high water solubility capabilities, making BGNMP readily soluble in water, which is one of the most crucial aspects of milk powders. The water solubility index of BGNMP at all maltodextrin levels ranged from 85.15 to 90.25%. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference amongst BGNMP (5, 10, and 15%) in colour parameters (lightness, yellowness, redness, chroma and hue angle). BGNMP indicated to have a red and yellow colour, but yellow was more dominant. The particle size and particle size distribution of BGNMP ranged from 86.13 to 162.35 μm and 84.04 to 157.0 μm, respectively and did not differ significantly (p > 0.05).
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Rawson, Helen L. "Polysaccharide producing strains of lactic acid bacteria and their effects on aspects of yoghurt rheology." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286083.
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Valli, Carlotta. "International market segmentation : a comparison of alternative segmentation approaches applied to the European yoghurt market." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270248.
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Moraes, Patricia Carla Barbosa Trevizam. "Avaliação de iogurtes liquidos comerciais sabor morango : estudo de consumidor e perfil sensorial." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254240.
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Orientador: Helena Maria Andre BoliniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente projeto teve a finalidade de traçar o perfil sensorial de marcas comerciais de iogurte tradicional e iogurtes adoçados com substitutos da sacarose, aplicando-se os seguintes Métodos Sensoriais: Análise de Aceitação, Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) e Análise Tempo Intensidade (ATI). A análise de aceitação foi realizada por uma equipe de 97 consumidores de iogurte e os resultados foram avaliados por análise de variância univariada (ANOVA), teste de médias de Tukey e por Mapa de Preferência Interno. Quanto a Análise de Aceitação as amostras adoçadas com sacarose apresentaram as maiores médias quando comparadas com a versão¿light¿ na maior parte dos atributos avaliados, entretanto nem sempre essa diferença foi significativa (p£0.05). A ADQ foi realizada por uma equipe de dez provadores pré-selecionados, treinados e selecionados com base no poder de discriminação entre amostras, capacidade de repetir os resultados e concordância com a equipe. Os termos gerados pela ADQ foram: para aparência: cor rosa, viscosidade, presença de polpa e presença de bolhas; para o aroma: morango, doce, ácido e artificial; para sabor: doce, ácido, residual doce, residual amargo, morango, artificial e adstringência; textura: homogeneidade e consistência. As médias geradas pela ADQ, mostram que para a maior parte dos atributos avaliados existiu diferença significativa (p£0.05) entre as versões tradicional e ¿light. Foi realizada Análise Tempo-Intensidade do atributo doçura das amostras de iogurte. Para esta análise foi utilizada uma equipe de 8 provadores, que registraram os estímulos sensoriais utilizando o Programa Sistema de Coleta de Dados Tempo-Intensidade. Tanto para a ADQ como ATI, as amostras foram apresentadas aos provadores de forma monádica com três repetições, e os resultados avaliados por Análise de Variância - ANOVA, Teste de Médias de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais. Foram realizadas ainda determinações físico-químicas: pH, acidez total titulável, º Brix, açúcares redutores e não redutores e determinação de cor e viscosidade. Foram verificadas correlações entre as medidas sensoriais e instrumentais para: sabor morango e açúcares redutores, aroma ácido e acidez total titulável, doçura e açúcares redutores, consistência e viscosidade
Abstract: The present work had the purpose to determine the sensory profile of commercial marks of traditional yogurts and yogurts that had been sweetened with sucrose substitutes, using the following sensory methods: Acceptance Analysis, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and Time Intensity Analysis (TIA). The acceptance analysis was evaluated by 97 consumers of yogurt and the results were analyzed (evaluated) by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), TUKEY¿s comparison of means test and by Internal Preference Mapping. About the acceptance analysis, the samples sweetened with sucrise showed greater average whem compared to the ¿light¿ version in most of the characteristics evaluated, however this difference was not always meaningful. The QDA was conduted by a panel of 10 pre-selected panelists, that had been trained and selected based on their power of discrimination between the samples, the capacity of repeating the results and the agreement with the rest of the staff. The terms that had been generated by QDA were; for appearance: pink color, viscosity, presence of pulp and presence of bubbles; for aroma: strawberry, sweet, acid and artificial; for flavor: sweet, acid, residual sweet, residual bitter, strawberry, artificial and astringency; for texture: homogeneity and consistency. The averages generated by QDA show that for the major part of the characteristics evaluated there was a meaningful difference between the traditional and ¿light¿ versions. The PCA the Spider grafic where done. It was done Time Intensity Analysis for the attribute sweetness of the yogurts samples. For this analysis it had been used a staff of 8 panelists which had registered the sensory stimulus by using the program Data Catch System for Time Intensity. For QDA like as for TIA, the samples had been presented to the panelists in a monadic way, using 3 repetitions, and the results had been evaluated by ANOVA, Tukey test and Principal Components Analysis. Chemical-physics determinations have also been done: pH, titratable acidity, oBrix, reducer and no-reducer sugar and determination of color and viscosity. Correlations between the sensorial and instrumental means where ascertained for: strawberry flavor and reducer sugar, acid aroma and titratable acidity, sweetness and reducer sugar, consistency and viscosity
Mestrado
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Vlahopoulou, Ioanna. "Study of the rheological properties of caprine yoghurt gels made using #ropy' and #non-ropy' starter cultures." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293841.
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Talwalkar, Akshat, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Studies on the oxygen toxicity of probiotic bacteria with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Talwalkar_A.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/629.
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Oxygen toxicity is considered significant in the poor survival of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in yoghurts. This study investigated methods to protect these bacteria from oxygen exposure. To confirm the accuracy of the reported survival estimates of L. acidophilus or Bifidobacterium spp. in yoghurts, the reliability of several enumeration media was evaluated with different commercial yoghurts. None of the media however, was found reliable thereby casting doubts on the reported cell numbers of probiotic bacteria in yoghurts. After much research,it was found that although oxygen can be detrimental to L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.in culture broths, it may not be significant for their poor survival in yoghurts. Nevertheless, techniques such as oxidative stress stress adaption, alternative packaging materials and microencapsulation as investigated in this study, can serve as general protective techniques to help yoghurt manufacturers in maintaining the recommended numbers of probiotic bacteria in their products. This would eventually assist in the efficient delivery of probiotic health benefits to yoghurt consumers.Doctor of Philosphy (PhD)
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Botyriūtė, Reda. "Liofilizuotomis daržovėmis praturtinto jogurto kokybės tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140616_103850-88536.
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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami jogurto, praturtinto liofilizuotomis daržovėmis, fizikinių rodiklių (klampumo, rišlumo, konsistencijos, tvirtumo ir rūgštingumo) bei juslinių savybių tyrimų rezultatai.
Darbo objektas – 3,5 % riebumo ekologiškas jogurtas, kuris buvo pagardintas liofilizuotomis daržovėmis, prieskoniniais augalais ir pievagrybiais. Buvo paruošti 6 jogurto su priedais variantai: I var. (kontrolinis) – be priedų; II var. – pomidorų, žaliųjų bazilikų milteliai, druska; III var. – pomidorų, žaliųjų bazilikų, svogūnų milteliai, druska; IV var. – pomidorų, svogūnų milteliai, druska; V var. – paprikų, dašio milteliai, druska; VI var. – pievagrybių, svogūnų milteliai, druska.
Darbo metodai: jogurtų spalva matuota spalvos analizatoriumi ColorFlex 45˚/0˚ (HunterLab, JAV). Šviesos atspindžio režimu matuoti parametrai: L*, a* ir b*.
Jogurto tekstūra įvertinta tekstūros analizatoriumi TA.XT plus (Stable Micro Systems, JK). Tyrimo metu naudotas atgalinio išspaudimo 35 mm diskas bei 50 mm skersmens stiklinaitė. Nustatyti tyrimo parametrai: disko judėjimo greitis prieš bandymą – 1,0 mm s-1, greitis bandymo metu – 1,0 mm s-1, greitis po bandymo – 10,0 mm s-1.
Jogurto juslinėms savybėms įvertinti naudotas aprašomasis juslinės analizės metodas. Buvo nustatyti tokie jusliniai rodikliai: skonis, kvapas, konsistencija, išvaizda ir spalva. Jie įvertinti naudojant intervalines 5 balų skales. Juslines jogurto savybes vertino 6 vertintojai, kurie turėjo užpildyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Master‘s thesis presents physical properties (viscosity, firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and acidity) and sensory analysis results of yoghurt with lyophilised vegetables. Object of the research: 3.5 % fat yoghurt enriched with lyophilised vegetables, herbs and mushrooms. Six samples of yoghurt were produced. (1) variant (control) was natural yoghurt without any vegetables; (2) variant was made by adding tomatoes, green basil powder, salt; (3) variant of yoghurt contained tomatoes, green basil, onions powder and salt; (4) variant was enriched with tomatoes, onion powder, salt; (5) test variant was made with red peppers, summer savoury powder, salt; (6) variant was yoghurt enriched with mushrooms, onion powder and salt. Research methods: Visual colour of yoghurts was measured by using a Hunter Lab Colour Measurement System Model Color Flex. 45/0 (Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc.,USA) on the L*a*b* scale. A TA.XT Plus Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., England) was used to analyse the textural properties of yoghurt samples through simple compression test, using back extrusion 35 mm cell disk and 50 mm back extrusion container. TA settings: Pre – Test speed: 1.00 mm/s, Test speed: 1.00 mm/s, Post – Test speed: 10 mm/s. The descriptive sensory analysis method was applied to assess the following sensory properties of yoghurt: taste, odour, consistency, appearance and colour. The sensory properties were analysed by six tasters who were asked to fill in the... [to full text]
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Trichia, Eirini. "Dairy products and cardio-metabolic health : aspects from nutritional, molecular and genetic epidemiology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290034.
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There is accumulating evidence on differences in the link between types of dairy products and cardio-metabolic health, but inconsistent findings limit the field. In my PhD project, I undertook an epidemiological investigation comprising inter-related but distinct themes evaluating aspects of nutritional, molecular and genetic epidemiology to advance scientific understanding. I undertook research to describe dairy consumption patterns over time by evaluating nationally-representative data of the United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey. I observed significant time trends for specific dairy types and groups, which were different among different groups of people e.g. adults younger than 65 years or elderly people. Using data from the large Fenland (n~12,000) and EPIC Norfolk (n~25,000) studies, I investigated associations of total and types of dairy consumption with markers of metabolic risk and adiposity as potential pathways to cardio-metabolic disease. The analyses showed differential associations of dairy types and groups mainly with markers of adiposity and lipidaemia. I explored the potential of objective markers to assess dairy consumption, by examining metabolomics profiles and blood fatty acids to identify a set of biomarkers predicting dairy consumption and prospective associations of the identified biomarkers with type 2 diabetes risk. I was able to develop and validate metabolite scores reflecting consumption of some dairy products and observed inverse associations between some of these scores and type 2 diabetes incidence. I analysed genetic determinants of dairy consumption, using a genome-wide association study in the UK Biobank (n~500,000) and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms predicting milk, cheese and total dairy consumption. Overall, this PhD work contributed towards (1) a more precise description of dairy consumption patterns in the UK, (2) hypothesis formulation for potential biological pathways linking to cardio-metabolic disease, (3) discovery of metabolite scores as potential dairy biomarkers and (4) hypothesis formulation for potential genetic predictors of dairy consumption.
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Toniazzo, Taíse. "Dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno: caracterização, estabilidade físico-química e incorporação em iogurte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-10072013-090205/.
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A utilização de bioativos naturais como ingredientes está em constante expansão na indústria alimentícia, devido ao aumento das exigências pelos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis. Por isso, há uma busca constante de tecnologias que possibilitem a incorporação de tais substâncias em alimentos. O β-caroteno é uma substância hidrofóbica, cujos benefícios estão relacionados principalmente à sua ação antioxidante. Devido à sua característica hidrofóbica, a utilização deste pigmento implica em desafios tecnológicos para ser incorporado em formulações alimentícias de base aquosa. Por este motivo, a encapsulação em lipossomas pode ser uma ótima alternativa, devido à capacidade de englobar tais substâncias em sua bicamada lipídica. Além da proteção, essas matrizes encapsulantes podem proporcionar a liberação controlada dos ingredientes encapsulados, bem como aumento de sua biodisponibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno estabilizadas com a adição de hidrocolóides(goma xantana ou mistura de goma xantana e goma guar). O diâmetro médio hidrodinâmico, a distribuição de tamanho das partículas e a morfologia foram avaliadas. Os lipossomas produzidos foram vesículas multilamelares (MLV), as distribuições de tamanho dos lipossomas apresentaram-se heterogêneas e as micrografias revelaram a forma esférica dos lipossomas dispersos no meio aquoso, assim como a integridade da sua bicamada lipídica. Foram realizadas análises de quantificação do β-caroteno e colorimetria instrumental, sendo que todas as dispersões mostraram-se eficientes na preservação do β-caroteno ao longo do período de armazenamento. Os hidrocolóides adicionados foram eficazes no aumento da viscosidade da fase contínua, evitando a agregação das vesículas ao longo do tempo, exceto para dispersão estabilizada com a mistura de goma xantana e goma guar, com 0,15% de goma total. Em relação à adição das dispersões de lipossomas em iogurte, as formulações mostraram-se homogêneas, com ausência de grumos ou qualquer tipo de separação de fases, e também foram aprovados por uma parcela de painelistas na análise sensorial.The use of natural bioactives as ingredients is in constant expansion in the food industry, due to increasing consumer demands for healthier foods. Therefore, there is a constant search for technologies capable of incorporating such substances in food. β-carotene is a hydrophobic substance, whose benefits are mainly related to its antioxidant action. Because of its hydrophobic characteristics, the use of this pigment implies technical challenges to be incorporated into aqueous-based food formulations. For this reason, encapsulation in liposomes may be a good alternative, because of their ability to incorporate such substances in their lipid bilayer. Besides the protection, these encapsulants matrix can provide controlled release of the encapsulated ingredients, as well as increasing its bioavailability. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize dispersions of liposomes encapsulating β-carotene, which were stabilized with the addition of hydrocolloids: xanthan gum or a mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum. The mean hydrodynamic diameter, distribution of particle size and its morphology were studied. The obtained dispersions were multilamellar vesicles (MLV), the liposomes size distributions were heterogeneous and the micrographs revealed the liposomes spherical shape dispersed in aqueous medium, as well as the integrity of their lipid bilayer. The quantification of β-carotene and instrumental colorimetry analyses indicated the liposomes were efficient in the preservation of β-carotene during the storage period. The hydrocolloids added in the dispersions were highly efficient to increase the viscosity of the continuous phase. Therefore, the hydrocolloids were responsible for the prevention of aggregation of the vesicles during the storage period, except for stabilized dispersion with the mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum, with 0.15% gum total. Regarding the dispersions of liposomes added in yoghurt, the formulations were homogeneous, with absence of lumps or any phase separation, and also have been approved by a significant number of the panelists.
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Marafon, Ana Paula. "Otimização das propriedades reológicas e sensoriais de iogurtes probióticos enriquecidos com proteínas lácteas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-20012011-102926/.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo otimizar as propriedades reológicas dos iogurtes probióticos suplementados com leite em pó desnatado (SMP), concentrado proteico de soro (WPC) e caseinato de sódio (Na-Cn), usando desenho experimental tipo simplex centroide, para modelagem de misturas. O estudo das interações entre os ingredientes (proteína concentrada de soro, caseinato de sódio e leite em pó) incluiu sete experimentos sendo três com os ingredientes puros, dois correspondentes a misturas binárias e um para a uma mistura ternária. Em paralelo aos sete experimentos delineados, foi realizado ensaio controle com leite não suplementado. Os leites foram fermentados a 42 °C até pH 4,5 empregando-se as culturas Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Bifidus lactis. A cinética de acidificação foi determinada bem como as análises físico-químicas, contagem de bactérias viáveis e características reológicas dos iogurtes. Modelos foram ajustados para os resultados (respostas cinética, contagem de bactérias viáveis e parâmetros reológicos) através de três métodos de regressão (linear, quadrático e cúbico especial) e aplicados às misturas. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a fortificação da base de leite com proteína concentrada de soro, caseinato de sódio e leite em pó desnatado, para o mesmo nível de teor de proteína, afetou o perfil de acidificação, a contagem de bactérias viáveis e reologia de iogurtes probióticos. Além disso, foi possível estimar o perfil de acidificação e a contagem de bactérias no leite suplementado com proteínas do leite em pó, concentrado proteico de soro e caseinato de sódio por metodologia de superfície de resposta, bem como calcular aproximadamente as propriedades viscoelásticas dos iogurtes probióticos. Pode-se ressaltar que a otimização das propriedades reológicas dos iogurtes probióticos suplementados com proteínas do leite depende da fonte de proteína utilizada. Por fim, a substituição parcial de 55% de leite em pó desnatado por concentrado proteico de soro e caseinato de sódio simultaneamente poderá reforçar as propriedades reológicas dos iogurtes probióticos, considerando a cinética de acidificação e a contagem de bactérias viáveis. Os resultados foram validados ao longo da vida de prateleira dos produtos, confirmando os valores estimados pelos modelos para a cinética de acidificação, a contagem de bactérias viáveis e as propriedades viscoelásticas, além da avaliação sensorial e da análise de microestrutura.This study aimed to optimize the rheological properties of probiotic yoghurts supplemented with skim milk powder, whey protein concentrate and sodium caseinate throughout an experimental design type centroid simplex for mixture modeling. It included seven trials: three with the pure ingredients, three corresponding to the binary mixtures and one to the ternary one. A control experiment was accomplished with non supplemented milk. Milk was fermented at 42°C until pH 4.5 by Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Bifidus animalis subsp. lactis. The kinetics of acidification was followed as well as physicochemical analyses, enumeration of viable bacteria and rheological characterization of the yoghurts. Models were adjusted to the results (kinetic responses, counts of viable bacteria and rheological parameters) through three regression models (linear, quadratic and cubic special) applied to mixtures. The results showed that the addition of milk proteins affected acidification profile and counts, and enhanced rheological properties of probiotic yoghurt. The estimated results were validated during shelf-life and were confirmed by for the kinetics of acidification, bacterial counts of viable and viscoelastic properties in addition to sensory evaluation and analysis of microstructure.
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Kraft, Zdeněk. "Využívání mediatypů v FMCG kategorii - jogurtové výrobky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73897.
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This thesis inquires into media mix in the FMCG category, focusing on yoghurt products. The theoretical part describes the mediamarket entities and functioning, important media indicators, media research projects and monitoring projects of advertising expenditures. After the division of the media from a theoretical point of view comes a chapter exploring the markets of particular media types and their characteristics which results in the evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages in advertising communication. The final part analyzes the media mix and advertising spending over the whole Czech advertising market, the FMCG market and then yoghurt market comparing the communication of the major yoghurt manufacturers.
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Nguyen, Duc Doan. "Effect of yoghurt processing on beta-casomorphin 5 and beta-casomorphin 7 concentrations using novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/888.
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The effect of yoghurt processing on the concentration of beta-casomorphin 5 and beta-casomorphin 7 was investigated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were developed and validated. The milk beta-casomorphin 7 range was 0.13 and 2.38 ng/g and beta-casomorphin 5 was below limit of detection. Beta-casomorphin 7 was completely degraded when milk was fermented with individual bacteria or a mixture of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus at pH 4.5 and after 7 days of yoghurt storage.
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Larsson, Catrine. "Effects on product quality for probiotic yoghurts caused by long storage times during production." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17275.
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Recent years there has been a large increase in the worldwide sales of cultured products containing probiotics. The obstacle in the production of fermented products incubated with probiotic strains is its effect on sensory, chemical and physical properties. This Master´s Thesis investigates how extended storage times in fermentation tank as well as buffer tank during production of probiotic yoghurts affect final product quality. Through experimental studies, maximum storage times for probiotic yoghurts were to be recommended. The study includes analyses of pH, viscosity, stability, acetic acid concentration, microbial viability and sensory evaluations.
Design of experiments (DOE) was used to construct a 32-factorial design for the experiment where different storage times were tested. The analyses showed that:
- pH decreases with both storage time in fermentation tank and buffer tank.
- Viscosity increases with long storage times in fermentation tank, while it decreases with long storage times in buffer tanks.
- Many samples had a sandy/grainy and slimy texture which could be related to high levels of Bifidobacteria or high fermentation temperatures.
- High levels of acetic acid was found in all samples.
- All measurements data where within the specification limits, whereas no recommendation for maximum storage times during production could be given.
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Bedani, Raquel [UNESP]. "Efeito do consumo de iogurte de soja suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88584.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A osteoporose é uma doença crônica que afeta principalmente mulheres na pós-menopausa, e caracteriza-se por perda de massa óssea e deterioração da arquitetura do tecido ósseo, sendo considerada como um sério problema de saúde pública. A Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH) é talvez o tratamento mais efetivo para reduzir a perda óssea, no entanto vem acompanhada por efeitos adversos como o aumento do risco de câncer de mama e de endométrio. Terapias alternativas, como a ingestão de isoflavonas, vêm sendo propostas a fim de se prevenir a osteoporose. As isoflavonas, um tipo de fitoestrógeno, parecem desenvolver atividade biológica parecida com a dos estrógenos de mamíferos, pois apresentam habilidade para se ligarem aos receptores estrogênicos. Além disso, estudos em animais e em humanos têm mostrado que as isoflavonas vêm se constituindo numa alternativa interessante para o controle do metabolismo lipídico e da obesidade. Além das isoflavonas, uma das possíveis maneiras de se prevenir a perda óssea é por meio da ingestão de quantidades adequadas de cálcio, um dos componentes dietéticos de maior importância para a manutenção da integridade óssea. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da ingestão do iogurte de soja, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus jugurti, suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o peso corpóreo e tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos, cada qual com 9 animais: pseudo-ovariectomizado, ovariectomizado; ovariectomizado que ingeriu o produto fermentado suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio, ovariectomizado que ingeriu o produto fermentado suplementado com cálcio e ovariectomizado que ingeriu placebo suplementado com cálcio. O tratamento durou 3 meses e foram utilizados tíbias e fêmures de cada animal para... .
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that affects mainly postmenopausal women, and it is characterized by bone loss and deterioration of the bone tissue architecture, and it considered a serious problem of public health. The Hormonal Replacement Therapy Hormonal (HRT) is the most effective treatment to reduce the bone loss, however it may be associated with adverse effects as the increase of the risk of endometrium and breast cancer. Alternative therapies, as intake of isoflavones, have being proposed to prevent the osteoporosis. Isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogens, seem to have biological activity like the mammals estrogens, because they present ability to bind to the estrogens receptors. Moreover, studies in animals and in human have shown that isoflavones may be an interesting alternative for the control of the lipidic metabolism and the obesity. On the other hand, the intake of adequate amounts of calcium, one of the dietary components of bigger importance for the maintenance of the bone integrity, is also considerate to be able to prevent the bone loss. Then, the objective of this research was to study the effect of the intake of the soy yoghurt, fermented with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti, supplemented with isoflavones and calcium on the corporal weight and bone tissue of ovariectomized mature rats. The animals had been divided in 5 groups, each one with 9 animals: sham-ovariectomized, ovariectomized; ovariectomized treated with soy yoghurt supplemented with isoflavones and calcium, ovariectomized treated with soy yoghurt supplemented with calcium and ovariectomized treated with placebo supplemented with calcium. The treatment lasted 3 months and the tibia and femur of each animal were used for following analysis: bone length; mechanical assay of three points; weight, volume and bone density; bone mineral content; bone... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Ribeiro, Carina Soares Espadinha. "Estudo do crescimento e do consumo de matéria seca de leitões suplementados com Nuklospray Yoghurt ® numa exploração em regime intensivo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3500.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA crise de BSE e as preocupações dos países desenvolvidos com a hipercolesterolemia e a obesidade levaram ao aumento da procura de carnes brancas, mais magras e com menos colesterol. Assim, em Portugal, entre 1990 e 2003, assistiu-se a um acréscimo de 61 % na procura de carne de suíno. A produção em Portugal não conseguiu acompanhar proporcionalmente o aumento da procura deste tipo de carne, tornando o país deficitário na produção de carne de porco, condição que aumenta o volume das importações em relação às exportações. Para que as suiniculturas sejam rentáveis há a necessidade de encontrar processos que promovam a saúde e o bem-estar dos animais ao mesmo tempo que garantem maiores rendimentos às explorações e segurança ao consumidor. Sendo assim, e havendo um novo produto no mercado que pretende prevenir as diarreias neonatais e melhorar as performances de crescimento dos animais, sentimos a necessidade de testar a sua eficácia tanto na prevenção da doença como na rentabilidade da exploração. O Nuklospray Yoghurt® é um suplemento alimentar em pó e tem características de probiótico, uma vez que tem na sua constituição microflora bacteriana viva que pretende ter efeitos benéficos ao nível da microbiota intestinal dos leitões. Este iogurte tem na sua constituição: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis e Enterococcus faecium. Para testar a sua eficácia foram definidos quatro grupos de estudo em duas semanas consecutivas: dois grupos de controlo (n=383), os quais não foram suplementados e dois grupos de teste (n=406), que foram suplementados com o iogurte. O ensaio iniciou-se no nascimento e terminou aos cerca de 64 dias de vida. Os leitões do grupo Teste foram suplementados desde o 1º dia até aos 18 dias de vida com este produto, fornecido em duas refeições diárias (manhã e tarde). Na fase da maternidade não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, nem na incidência de diarreias nem na taxa de mortalidade. Para o resto do estudo não foi possível fazer análise estatística, mas para a globalidade da fase pós-desmame, em termos numéricos, o grupo Teste obteve um menor consumo médio de matéria seca, menor ganho médio diário, menor peso vivo médio e um menor índice de conversão. Esta ligeira diminuição no índice de conversão não compensa o investimento na compra do produto e não se pode afirmar com certeza que está relacionado com a utilização do iogurte na maternidade. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para se poderem tirar conclusões mais fiáveis quanto à eficácia e rentabilidade deste produto.
ABSTRACT - STUDY OF THE GROWTH AND THE DRY MATTER´S CONSUMPTION IN PIGLETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH NUKLOSPRAY YOGHURT® IN THE INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM - The BSE crisis and the concerns of developed countries with hypercholesterolemia and obesity have increased the search for white meat, with less fat and cholesterol. Thus, between 1990 and 2003, there was an increase of 61 % in demand for pork meat in Portugal. Production in this country failed to follow the proportional increase in demand for this type of meat making the country deficitary in the production of pork, leading to an increase in volume of imports relative to exports. For the pig farms to be profitable there is a need to find ways that promote the health and welfare of animals and at the same time ensuring higher returns on holdings and consumer safety. So, having a new product on the market that aims to prevent neonatal diarrhea and improve growth performance of the animals, we felt the need to test its efficacy in the prevention of disease as in profitability. The Nuklospray Yoghurt® is a food supplement in powder form and has characteristics of probiotic, as it has in its constitution live bacterial microflora intended to have beneficial effects on intestinal microbiota of piglets: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium. To test its effectiveness, four study groups were defined in two consecutive weeks: a control group (n=383), which was not supplemented and a test group (n=406), which was supplemented with yogurt, for each week. The test began at birth and ended at about 64 days of life. The piglets in the test group were supplemented from day 1 until day 18 of age with this product, supplied in two daily meals (morning and afternoon). In nursery there were no significant differences between groups, neither in the incidence of diarrhea or mortality rate. It was not possible to perform a statistical analysis for the rest of the study, but in whole post-weaning phase, in numerical terms, the test group had lower mean daily intake of dry matter, average daily gain, average live weight, and conversion rate. However, this slight conversion rate decrease was not compensatory in view of the supplement cost. Further studies are needed to draw any conclusions regarding effectiveness and profitability of this product.
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Luzzi, Giuseppina Verfasser], Charles M. A. P. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Franz, and Tal [Gutachter] Dagan. "Influence of Yoghurt and Cheese Reformulation Strategies on Microbial Ecology and Product Characteristics / Giuseppina Luzzi ; Gutachter: Tal Dagan ; Betreuer: Charles M.A.P. Franz." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-mods-2020-00039-9.
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Luzzi, Giuseppina Verfasser], Charles M. A. P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Franz, and Tal [Gutachter] [Dagan. "Influence of Yoghurt and Cheese Reformulation Strategies on Microbial Ecology and Product Characteristics / Giuseppina Luzzi ; Gutachter: Tal Dagan ; Betreuer: Charles M.A.P. Franz." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120492337X/34.
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Luzzi, Giuseppina [Verfasser], Charles M. A. P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Franz, and Tal [Gutachter] Dagan. "Influence of Yoghurt and Cheese Reformulation Strategies on Microbial Ecology and Product Characteristics / Giuseppina Luzzi ; Gutachter: Tal Dagan ; Betreuer: Charles M.A.P. Franz." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120492337X/34.
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Bedani, Raquel [UNESP]. "Influência do consumo de Iogurte de soja fermentado com Enterococcus faecium na microbiota intestinal de animais e humanos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100872.
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bedani_r_dr_arafcf.pdf: 613120 bytes, checksum: d031cc68ff60a01cf7493fa3bed1a364 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a influência do consumo do “iogurte” de soja fermentado com Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 sobre o perfil e atividade metabólica da microbiota intestinal de animais e humanos, de maneira a evidenciar prováveis mecanismos de ação indireta na diminuição do risco de ocorrência de câncer de cólon. Os ratos foram divididos em 6 grupos (n=10): I – animais que receberam ração à base de caseína; II – animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia do produto não fermentado; III – animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia de E. faecium ; IV – animais que receberam apenas ração à base de carne; V – animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia de “iogurte” de soja esterilizado; VI – animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia do “iogurte” de soja. Os animais consumiram os diferentes produtos (“iogurte” de soja, “iogurte” de soja esterilizado, suspensão de E. faecium e produto não fermentado) durante 4 semanas do período experimental. Foram estudadas a capacidade de aderência de Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 ao cólon e de sobrevivência nas fezes de ratos, além das determinações de pH, concentração de amônia e composição da microbiota fecal. A sobrevivência desse microrganismo no trato gastrointestinal foi verificada por técnicas de isolamento e identificação a partir do cólon e das fezes dos animais que receberam este microrganismo na forma de produto fermentado (“iogurte” de soja) e cultivo puro. Para a confirmação da espécie E. faecium foi utilizada a técnica de PCR. A composição da microbiota fecal foi verificada realizando a enumeração dos seguintes grupos de bactérias: aeróbios e anaeróbios totais, Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the consumption of soy yoghurt, fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, on composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota of animals and humans, and to verify potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action. The rats were placed in 6 groups, distinguished by their diets: for 90 days, group I was given a standard casein-based rodent feed and groups II-VI, the beef-based feed. From the 30th day, groups II, III, V and VI also received the following products: II) unfermented soy product; III) pure suspension of E. faecium CRL 183; V) sterilized soy yoghurt; VI) soy yoghurt. The animals received the different products during 4 weeks. The capacity of E. faecium to adhere on colon and to survive gastrointestinal passage was determined by monitoring rat faecal samples and colon by microbiological and molecular analysis. Species confirmation of E. faecium was performed by PCR amplification. The composition of the faecal microbiota was determined by counting culturable bacteria in the following groups: total aerobes and anaerobes, Enterococcus spp. Enterobacteria, Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. Enzymatic activities of b-galactosidase, b-glucosidase and b-glucuronidase were verified in rat faecal samples. Nitroreductase and azoreductase activities were determined in the caecal contents of mice. The culture of E. faecium CRL 183 was tested for antimicrobial substance production by spot-on-the-lawn assay. Forty healthy adult volunteers who were between 40 and 50 years old participated of this study. The subjects consumed 100 mL/day of soy yoghurt (group F) or unfermented product (group P) during 4 weeks. In feces of volunteers enzymatic activities of bgalactosidase, b-glucosidase and b-glucuronidase were verified. The administration of soy yoghurt and pure suspension... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Fajtl, Zbyněk. "Studium složení jogurtu v procesu jeho přípravy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401909.
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This thesis deals with the study of yogurt preparation and changes during its storage. The theoretical part contains information about parameters affecting both the preparation and properties of the final product. The experimental part describes methods and procedures used for determination of critical parameters such as lactic acid, lactose, glucose and galactose concentrations (HPLC-RI), amounts of streptococci and lactobacilli. The data was graphically evaluated and commented on. The work also included sensory analysis in which the prepared yogurt was compared with commercially available products. The results of this work can serve both consumers and smaller yogurt producers.
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Hlela, Sinegugu. "The impact of brand equity on consumer buying behaviour among bottom of the pyramid consumers in South Africa: A case study of Parmalat yoghurt." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31580.
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There has been significant research done on the impact of branding on consumer buying behaviour over the years, however, consumers at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) have been ignored and very little research has been done in the South African market. This study examines the impact of brand equity on purchase intention of Parmalat yoghurt in the South African BoP market using socio-economic status, price sensitivity and sales promotion as mediating variables. Data was collected from 289 South African BoP consumers residing in Soweto. The study tested six hypotheses using PLS- SEM. Data was analysed using SmartPLS software. The results show that of the six hypotheses tested, only three are supported, namely, the relationship between brand equity and socio-economic status, socio-economic status and purchase intention and price sensitivity and purchase intention. Socio-economic status as a mediator has the most significant impact on the relationship between brand equity and purchase intention. The findings of this study give some implications for managers and marketers of yoghurt brands. Brand equity influences on purchase intention of yoghurt products and socio-economic status has the strongest mediating influence suggesting that companies must build and maintain strong brand equity in order to create a positive influence on purchase intention for their brands. Managers need to understand the underlying reasons as to why consumers would choose a competitor’s brand. Based on this study, socio-economic status and price sensitivity are the two most influencing mediators in the purchase intention of yoghurt, thus it is imperative for managers to take this into consideration when devising and implementing branding strategies.
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Molina, Camila Velludo. "Beta-caroteno encapsulado em micropartículas lipídicas sólidas: avaliação tecnológica e sensorial da incorporação em iogurte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-30012015-091802/.
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O beta-caroteno é uma substância lipofílica com características nutricionais importantes, mas devido a sua susceptibilidade à degradação, sua ingestão diária pode ficar comprometida. O sistema de encapsulação em micropartículas lipídicas sólidas pode ser uma alternativa para solucionar essa questão, por possuir a propriedade de liberação controlada do bioativo, que aumenta a biodisponibilidade no organismo humano, entre outras qualidades. Existem questões a serem elucidadas acerca da estrutura, modo de preparo e a aplicabilidade de sistemas de micropartículas lipídicas sólidas, e para isso foram testadas formulações utilizando como lipídio sólido a estearina de palma. O tensoativo utilizado neste trabalho foi o isolado proteico de soja, que foi disperso em água deionizada e submetido a tratamento térmico em diferentes condições de pH. Estas dispersões foram caracterizadas quanto ao potencial zeta, tensão interfacial em contato com a estearina de palma, hidrofobicidade superficial, perfil de aminoácidos, caracterização de frações proteicas por meio de eletroforese (SDS-PAGE), calorimetria diferencial de varredura e difratometria em raios-X. A caracterização físico-química dos sistemas de micropartículas foi realizada através de ensaios de distribuição de tamanho de partícula, potencial zeta e concentração de beta-caroteno. Estes ensaios objetivaram avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação na indústria de alimentos, mais especificamente, de sua incorporação em iogurte. Os iogurtes aplicados de micropartículas lipídicas sólidas encapsulando beta-caroteno foram analisados em termos de colorimetria instrumental, análises de pH, acidez, teor de gordura, proteína, densidade, reologia e avaliação de aceitação sensorial. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a possibilidade de estabilização de sistemas com as dispersões de isolado proteico. As dispersões que obtiveram melhor desempenho foram as submetidas a tratamento térmico em pH 12. Os indicaram alta viabilidade de aplicação, especialmente para os sistemas contendo alfa-tocoferol.Beta-carotene is a hydrophobic bioactive compound with important nutritional value but its high tendency to degradation can reduce its health benefits related to dietary intake. Encapsulation lipid carriers such as solid lipid microparticles (SLM) are feasible alternatives to solve this issue, for example, by increasing its bioavailability. There are many questions about structure, formulation and procedures to be answered and also about its feasibility of application on food products. Aiming at answering some of those questions, this present study tested palm stearin as a solid lipid for the formulations. Soy protein isolate dispersed in deionized water at pH ranging from 3 to 12 were prepared and tested by zeta potential, surface tension in contact with palm stearin, surface hydrophobicity, aminoacids profile, electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical characterization of the SLM systems loaded with beta-carotene was done by particle size, zeta potential and beta-carotene concentration. Aforesaid studies aimed at improving our understanding about the physicochemical stability of those systems and also at evaluating the viability of their incorporation in stirred yoghurt. Different formulations of yoghurt were manufactured and tested by colorimetric analysis, pH, titratable acidity in lactic acid, lipids and protein concentrations, density, rheology and sensory acceptance trials. The results were significantly positive. For the soy protein isolate analysis, the dispersions produced by thermal treatment under alkaline ph (namely, pH 12) had the best performance. Concerning the SLM systems incorporated in yoghurt, further interesting results were found. Yoghurts produced with SLM added to alpha-tocopherol (alfa-tocopherol:beta-carotene concentrations of 1:2 and 1:1) were significantly better from those without alpha-tocopherol regarding colour stability for the observation period of 25 days. Future extensions may focus on enhancing beta-carotene loads to SLM systems as well as on testing the incorporation of SLM systems (or their adaptations) in other food products, particularly those requiring additional colour intensity.
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Florence, Ana Carolina Rodrigues. "Perfil tecnológico de cepas de bifidobactéria em cultura pura e em co-cultura com Streptococcus thermophilus em leites orgânico e convencional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-07072009-093910/.
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A crescente preocupação com tecnologias sustentáveis e a procura de novos alimentos funcionais despertam o interesse para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios que proporcionem, além da nutrição, benefícios à saúde do consumidor. Assim, esse trabalho visa propor o leite orgânico como potencial matéria-prima para a fabricação de leites fermentados probióticos. Para tanto, estudou-se o perfil tecnológico de cepas de bifidobactéria em cultura pura e em co-cultura com Streptococcus thermophilus em leites orgânico e convencional, analisando a composição química dos leites, determinando o perfil de acidificação de quatro cepas de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis em cultura pura e em co-cultura com Streptococcus thermophilus, verificando a contagem microbiológica das culturas probióticas e iniciadoras nos leites fermentados, examinando o perfil de ácidos graxos e o teor de ácido linoléico conjugado dos leites fermentados e determinando o perfil de textura dos leites fermentados. A maior velocidade de acidificação foi observada para as cepas B94 e BL04 em leite orgânico e para a cepa HN019, para ambos os tipos de leite. As contagens de todas as cepas de B. animalis subsp. lactis foram superiores a 8,58 log10 unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC).mL-1The concern about sustainable technologies and demand for new functional foods arouses the interest for the development of new food products in addition to provide nutrition and health benefits to the consumer. Thus, this work aims to offer organic milk as a potential raw material for the manufacture of probiotic fermented milk. Therefore, studying the technological profile of strains of bifidobacteria in pure culture and in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus in organic and conventional milks, analyzing the chemical composition of milk; determining the profile of acidification of four strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in pure culture and in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus; checking the counts of starter and probiotic cultures in fermented milks; examining the profile of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid content of fermented milks and the profile of texture of fermented milks. The highest rate of acidification profile was observed for the strains BL04 and B94 in organic milk and for the strain HN019 in both milks. The counts of all strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis were higher than 8.58 log10 colony forming units (CFU). mL-1. The organic milk had higher levels of iron and protein, whereas conventional milk had higher levels of fat and lactose. The main fatty acids were not influenced by the type of milk and higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (65% higher than the control) were found in organic fermented milk with the strain BB12 in co-culture with S. thermophilus. Thus, it was found that organic milk can be used as raw material in the manufacture of probiotic fermented milk, increasing nutritional quality to final product.
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Santo, Ana Paula do Espirito. "Desenvolvimento de iogurte probiótico com adição de polpa de frutos brasileiros e fibra dietética total." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-21032013-143954/.
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Novas tendências para desenvolvimento de leites fermentados com elevado valor agregados são o uso de frutos da Amazônia e a utilização de subprodutos de certas frutas como forma de aproveitamento integral do fruto e para minimizar a produção de resíduos. Dentre os frutos da Amazônia o açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae) tem o maior potencial enquanto alguns subprodutos de frutos como as cascas de maçã, banana e maracujá são promissores como ingredientes especialmente devido ao seu conteúdo em fibras dietéticas solúveis prebióticas como pectina e frutooligossacarídeos, que conferem propriedades funcionais além das características nutricionais das frutas. Assim, esse trabalho visou o desenvolvimento de iogurte probiótico com adição de polpa de frutos brasileiros e fibra dietética total. Os efeitos da suplementação do leite com polpa de açaí e fibras de maçã, banana e maracujá e, diferentes bactérias probióticas - Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bl04 e B94 e Bifidobacterium longum Bl05 na cinética de acidificação, viabilidade dos probióticos, perfil de ácidos graxos, textura, reologia e microestrutura foram estudados. A polpa de açaí favoreceu uma maior contagem de L. acidophilus L10, B. animalis ssp. lactis Bl04 e B. longum Bl05 em relação aos respectivos controles ao final de quatro semanas de vida de prateleira. Além disso, em relação aos controles sem polpa, a polpa de açaí aumentou o conteúdo de ácidos graxos mono e poliinsaturados e a produção de ácido α-linolênico (ALA) e ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) em iogurtes desnatados co-fermentados com B. animalis ssp. lactis cepas Bl04 e B94. Todas as fibras foram capazes de aumentar a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e poliinsaturados nos iogurtes, mas, apenas as fibras de maçã e banana aumentaram a viabilidade das bactérias probióticas durante a vida de prateleira em relação aos controles sem fibra. Foi observado um efeito sinérgico entre o tipo de fibra e a cepa probiótica sobre o teor de CLA. Por outro lado, a quantidade de ALA foi significativamente aumentada pela adição de fibra de banana, independentemente da cepa probiótica utilizada. A fibra de maracujá promoveu o aumento CLA em todos os iogurtes probióticos. Os resultados demonstram, pela primeira vez, que tanto a polpa de açaí quanto as fibras oriundas do subproduto do processamento de maçã, banana ou maracujá podem melhorar o perfil de ácidos graxos e a viabilidade de bactérias probióticas. Além disso, a fibra de casca de maracujá teve um efeito positivo sobre a textura de iogurtes desnatados co-fermentados por bifidobacteria.New trends for development of fermented milk products with high added value are the use of fruits from Amazon, and the use of by-products of certain fruits as ingredients as a way to take full advantage of the fruit and to minimize the waste. Among the fruits of the Amazon, açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae) has the most potential, and byproducts of some fruits such as apple peels, banana and passion fruit as ingredients are especially promising because of its content in dietary fiber such as pectin and soluble prebiotic fructooligosaccharides, which confer functional properties in addition to the nutritional characteristics of fruits. Thus, this study aimed the development of probiotic yoghurt with added fruit pulp from Brazil and total dietary fiber. The effects of supplementation of milk with acai pulp fiber and apple, banana and passion fruit, and different probiotic bacteria - Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Bl04 lactis and Bifidobacterium longum B94 and Bl05 on the kinetics of acidification and viability of probiotics, fatty acid profile, texture, rheology and microstructure were studied. The açaí favored a higher count of L. acidophilus L10, B. animalis ssp. and B. lactis Bl04 Bl05 longum compared with their controls after four weeks of shelf life. Moreover, compared to controls without pulp, the pulp of acai increased the content of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the production of α- linolenic acid (ALA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in nonfat yogurt co-fermented with B. animalis ssp. lactis strains Bl04 and B94. All fibers were able to increase the concentration of short chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fats in yogurt, but only the apple and banana fibers increased the viability of probiotic bacteria during shelf life compared to controls without fiber. We observed a synergistic effect between the type of fiber and probiotic on the CLA content. On the other hand, the amount of ALA was significantly increased by the addition of banana fiber, regardless of the probiotic strain used. The passion fruit fiber promoted an increase CLA in all probiotic yoghurts. The results point out the applicability of adding whether açai or apple, banana or passion fruit byproducts in the formulation of probiotic yoghurts to improve the fatty acids profile and to uphold the desirable probiotic counts during four weeks of cold storage. In addition, the passion fruit fiber helped to enhance the texture parameters in skim yoghurts co-fermented by bifidobacteria.
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Bedani, Raquel. "Influência do consumo de "Iogurte" de soja fermentado com Enterococcus faecium na microbiota intestinal de animais e humanos /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100872.
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Orientador: Elizeu Antonio RossiBanca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
Banca: Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini
Banca: Susana Marta Isay Saad
Banca: Elaine Cristina Pereira de Martinis
Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a influência do consumo do "iogurte" de soja fermentado com Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 sobre o perfil e atividade metabólica da microbiota intestinal de animais e humanos, de maneira a evidenciar prováveis mecanismos de ação indireta na diminuição do risco de ocorrência de câncer de cólon. Os ratos foram divididos em 6 grupos (n=10): I - animais que receberam ração à base de caseína; II - animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia do produto não fermentado; III - animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia de E. faecium ; IV - animais que receberam apenas ração à base de carne; V - animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia de "iogurte" de soja esterilizado; VI - animais que receberam ração à base de carne + 3 mL/kg peso corpóreo/dia do "iogurte" de soja. Os animais consumiram os diferentes produtos ("iogurte" de soja, "iogurte" de soja esterilizado, suspensão de E. faecium e produto não fermentado) durante 4 semanas do período experimental. Foram estudadas a capacidade de aderência de Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 ao cólon e de sobrevivência nas fezes de ratos, além das determinações de pH, concentração de amônia e composição da microbiota fecal. A sobrevivência desse microrganismo no trato gastrointestinal foi verificada por técnicas de isolamento e identificação a partir do cólon e das fezes dos animais que receberam este microrganismo na forma de produto fermentado ("iogurte" de soja) e cultivo puro. Para a confirmação da espécie E. faecium foi utilizada a técnica de PCR. A composição da microbiota fecal foi verificada realizando a enumeração dos seguintes grupos de bactérias: aeróbios e anaeróbios totais, Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the consumption of soy yoghurt, fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, on composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota of animals and humans, and to verify potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action. The rats were placed in 6 groups, distinguished by their diets: for 90 days, group I was given a standard casein-based rodent feed and groups II-VI, the beef-based feed. From the 30th day, groups II, III, V and VI also received the following products: II) unfermented soy product; III) pure suspension of E. faecium CRL 183; V) sterilized soy yoghurt; VI) soy yoghurt. The animals received the different products during 4 weeks. The capacity of E. faecium to adhere on colon and to survive gastrointestinal passage was determined by monitoring rat faecal samples and colon by microbiological and molecular analysis. Species confirmation of E. faecium was performed by PCR amplification. The composition of the faecal microbiota was determined by counting culturable bacteria in the following groups: total aerobes and anaerobes, Enterococcus spp. Enterobacteria, Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. Enzymatic activities of b-galactosidase, b-glucosidase and b-glucuronidase were verified in rat faecal samples. Nitroreductase and azoreductase activities were determined in the caecal contents of mice. The culture of E. faecium CRL 183 was tested for antimicrobial substance production by spot-on-the-lawn assay. Forty healthy adult volunteers who were between 40 and 50 years old participated of this study. The subjects consumed 100 mL/day of soy yoghurt (group F) or unfermented product (group P) during 4 weeks. In feces of volunteers enzymatic activities of bgalactosidase, b-glucosidase and b-glucuronidase were verified. The administration of soy yoghurt and pure suspension... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Antunes, Adriane Elisabete Costa 1975. "Influencia do concentrado proteico do soro de leite e de culturas probioticas nas propriedades de iogurtes naturais desnatados." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254237.
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Orientador: Helena Maria Andre BoliniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O concentrado protéico do soro de leite (CPS) vem sendo aplicado em diversos produtos devido às suas propriedades funcionais. Iogurtes desnatados apresentam consistência frágil e dessoragem, e uma das atribuições do CPS é de agir como substituinte da gordura. A presente pesquisa foi dividida em quatro estudos. No primeiro estudo objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades de textura, retenção de água e aparência dos géis ácidos de CPS. No segundo, realizou-se uma triagem de diferentes percentuais de adição de proteínas e de combinações de CPS e leite em pó desnatado (LPD) na produção de iogurte desnatado objetivando alcançar propriedades de textura e dessoragem semelhantes às do iogurte padrão (integral, adicionado de LPD). O terceiro estudo observou a cinética de fermentação, perfil de textura, sinérese, microestrutura e análise sensorial dos iogurtes contendo 5% de adição de proteína pelas seguintes proporções de CPS e LPD: 1:0, 1,5:0,5, 1:1, 0,5:1,5, 0:1. O objetivo do quarto estudo foi avaliar a adição do CPS na viabilidade das culturas probióticas, perfil de textura, pós-acidificação, e dessoragem durante o armazenamento dos iogurtes desnatados, bem como analisar características sensoriais dos produtos. Através dos resultados concluiuse que géis ácidos de CPS, formulados nas maiores faixas de concentração protéica, tempo e temperatura de desnaturação tenderam a apresentar os maiores valores de dureza, coesividade, elasticidade, gomosidade e capacidade de retenção de água. No pH 4,0 os géis apresentaram-se mais elásticos, opacos, amarelados e com maior capacidade de retenção de água, enquanto que os géis formados em pH 4,9 a 5,2 foram mais firmes, coesos, gomosos e brilhantes. Iogurtes desnatados com perfil de textura instrumental, sinérese, propriedades sensoriais (aparência, sabor, textura e impressão global) similares às do iogurte padrão foram obtidas com a formulação de iogurte desnatado adicionado de 5% de proteína, sendo a relação dos ingredientes LPD:CPS de 1,5:0,5. O CPS acelerou a fermentação dos iogurtes. A microestrutura foi muito semelhante entre os iogurtes, embora as amostras tenham variado de 13,8 até 21,8% de sólidos totais. Durante o armazenamento foram intensificadas a firmeza, gomosidade e capacidade de retenção de água dos iogurtes. O iogurte com fermento probiótico L. acidophilus apresentou maior dessoragem, no entanto, a adição de CPS compensou essa tendência. Não foi observada variação significativa na pósacidificação dos iogurtes conferida pela adição de CPS. No entanto, a pósacidificação foi influenciada pela quantidade de L. bulgaricus empregada. O CPS potencializou o crescimento e viabilidade dos microrganismos L. acidophilus e B. longum
Abstract: The whey protein concentrate (WPC) has been used in several products due to its functional properties. The fat-free yogurt shows poor consistency and syneresis and the WPC is known as a fat substitute. The present work was divided in four studies. The first one aimed at the evaluation of the texture profile, water holding capacity and appearance of acid WPC gels. In the second one we did a screening of different protein perceptual addition and combinations of WPC and skim milk powder (SMP) to produce a fat-free yogurt with similar texture properties and syneresis of the control (full fat yogurt with SMP addition). The third study looked at the fermentation kinetics, texture profile, syneresis, microstructure and sensorial analysis of yogurts with 5% protein addition in the following proportions of WPC and SMP: 1:0, 1.5:0.5, 1:1, 0,5:1.5, 0:1. The objective of the fourth study was to evaluate the effect of WPC addition on the probiotic cultures viability, texture profile, postacidification and syneresis along the shelf life of fat-free yogurts; and also, the sensory characteristics of the products. It was concluded that the WPC acid gels, made at higher protein concentration, time and temperature of denaturation had the tendency of been harder and more cohesive, springy, gummy, and with better water holding capacity. At pH 4.0 the gels were springier, yellowier and with more opacity and higher water holding capacity. On the other hand, the gels made at pH 4.9 to 5.2 were harder, shinier, more cohesive and gummy. The fat-free yogurts with similar instrumental texture profile, syneresis and sensory properties (appearance, flavor, texture and overall impression) to the control were obtained by the formulation of fat-free yogurt added by 5% protein, with SMP:WPC at 1.5:0.5. The WPC shortened the yogurt fermentation time. The microstructure was very similar among the yogurts, although the total solids of the samples varied among 13.8 to 21.8%. During the storage the firmness, gumminess and water holding capacity were intensified. The yogurt with L. acidophilus showed more syneresis, however, the WPC addition diminished this tendency. It was not observed a significant variation on the yogurt postacidification due WPC addition. However postacidification was a function of concentration of L. bulgaricus added to the culture. The WPC intensified the growth and viability of L. acidophilus and B. longum
Doutorado
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Ribeiro, Maria Cecília Enes. "Produção e caracterização de iogurte probiótico batido adicionado de Lactobacillus acidophilus livre e encapsulado." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255192.
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Orientador: Mirna Lúcia GiganteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A microencapsulação de micro-organismos probióticos tem se mostrado como uma técnica promissora para manter sua viabilidade tanto nos produtos aos quais são adicionados, bem como durante sua passagem pelo trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a fabricação e as características durante o armazenamento refrigerado de iogurte batido probiótico adicionado de Lactobacillus acidophilus nas formas livre e encapsulada. O micro-organismo probiótico foi microencapsulado por gelificação iônica e coacervação complexa, utilizando-se pectina e concentrado proteico de soro como materiais de parede. Antes de serem adicionadas ao iogurte, as microcápsulas foram avaliadas quanto à característica físico-química e viabilidade do micro-organismo probiótico. Os iogurtes foram fabricados com leite homogeneizado esterilizado e padronizado adicionado de 2,5% (v/v) da cultura láctica tradicional para fabricação de iogurte e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: 1) adição de 1% (v/v) de L. acidophilus livre; 2) adição de 10% (p/v) de microcápsulas úmidas contendo L. acidophilus e 3) adição de 13% (p/v) de microcápsulas liofilizadas reidratadas contendo L. acidophilus. O tempo de fermentação foi considerado o necessário para que o produto atingisse pH 4,8 ± 0,05. Os produtos foram caracterizados quanto à sua composição centesimal e população dos microorganismos. Após 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, os iogurtes foram avaliados quanto à pós-acidificação e viabilidade dos micro-organismos da cultura tradicional de iogurte e probiótica. A viabilidade do L. acidophilus durante a simulação da passagem do iogurte através das condições gastrointestinais foi avaliada após 35 dias. O experimento completo foi repetido três vezes e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Split¿plot, em um planejamento do tipo fatorial 3 x 6, em blocos completamente aleatorizados. O efeito dos tratamentos, do tempo de armazenamento bem como da interação desses fatores sobre as variáveis estudadas foi avaliado por ANOVA aplicando-se teste de Tukey para comparação entre as médias ao nível de 5% de significância. O tempo de fermentação dos produtos variou de 180 a 200 minutos. Um dia após a fabricação, o iogurte obtido com o micro-organismo livre apresentou menor pH que os iogurtes adicionados do micro-organismo encapsulado. Os iogurtes produzidos com o micro-organismo encapsulado apresentaram maior teor de proteína quando comparados ao produzido com o L. acidophilus livre. A interação entre os tratamentos e o tempo de armazenamento refrigerado afetou significativamente a pós-acidificação e o número de células viáveis de S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus e L. acidophilus no iogurte. Os iogurtes probióticos adicionados de L. acidophilus na forma microencapsulada apresentaram menor pós-acidificação e maior sobrevivência do micro-organismo probiótico após 35 dias de armazenamento quando comparado ao iogurte com probiótico adicionado na forma livre. Na forma livre, a população de células viáveis de L. acidophilus reduziu 0,98 ciclos logarítmicos, enquanto na forma encapsulada (úmida e liofilizada) essa redução foi de 0,20 ciclos logarítmicos. Esses resultados indicam a sobrevivência de aproximadamente 10% e 62% do L. acidophilus nas formas livre e encapsulada, respectivamente. Após 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, a simulação da passagem dos produtos pelo trato gastrointestinal indicou maior sobrevivência do L. acidophilus encapsulado do que do micro-organismo livre. A microencapsulação do L. acidophilus por gelificação iônica e coacervação complexa utilizando-se pectina e proteína de soro como materiais de parede, conferiu proteção ao micro-organismo, tanto durante o armazenamento refrigerado do produto por 35 dias, como durante a simulação gastrointestinal
Abstract: Microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms has been shown to be a promising technique to maintain their viability either in products to which they are added and during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the manufacture and characteristics during refrigerated storage of probiotic stirred yoghurt added of Lactobacillus acidophilus in both free and encapsulated forms. The probiotic microorganism was microencapsulated by ionotropic gelation and complex coacervation, using pectin and whey protein concentrate as wall materials. Before being added to yoghurt, the microcapsules were evaluated for physical chemical characteristics and viability of the probiotic microorganism. The yoghurts were manufactured with sterilized, homogenized and standardized milk added of 2.5% (v/v) yoghurt starter culture and submitted to the following treatments: 1) addition of 1% (v/v) of free L. acidophilus, 2) addition of 10% (w/v) of moist microcapsules containing L. acidophilus and 3) addition of 13% (w/v) of rehydrated freeze-dried microcapsules containing L. acidophilus. The fermentation period was considered the enough time for the product to reach pH 4.8 ± 0.05. The products were characterized to their centesimal composition and population of microorganisms. After 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of refrigerated storage, the yoghurts were evaluated for post-acidification and viability of yoghurt starter culture and probiotic microorganism. The viability of L. acidophilus during simulation of the passage of yoghurt through gastrointestinal conditions was also evaluated after 35 days. The complete experiment was repeated three times and the experimental design was a Split-Plot in a factorial design of the type 3 x 6, in completely randomized blocks. The effect of treatments, storage time and the interaction of these factors on these studied variables was evaluated by ANOVA according to the Tukey test for comparison between the averages, in 5% of significance level. The fermentation period of the products ranged from 180 to 200 minutes. One day after manufacturing, the yoghurt obtained with free microorganism showed lower pH than the yoghurt produced with added encapsulated microorganism. The yoghurts produced with the encapsulated microorganism showed higher protein content than that produced with free L. acidophilus. The interaction between treatments and time of refrigerated storage affected significantly the post-acidification and the number of viable cells of S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus in yoghurt. The probiotics yoghurts added by L. acidophilus in microencapsulated form showed less post-acidification and increased survival of probiotic microorganism after 35 days of storage than yoghurt added of probiotic in free form. The counting of viable cells of L. acidophilus reduced 0.98 log cycles in free form, while in encapsulated form (moist and freeze-dried) the reduction was 0.20 log cycles. These results indicate the survival of approximately 10% and 62% of L. acidophilus in both free and encapsulated forms, respectively. After 35 days of refrigerated storage, the simulation of the passage of yoghurts through the gastrointestinal tract showed a higher survival of L. acidophilus encapsulated than the free microorganism. Microencapsulation of L. acidophilus by ionotropic gelation and complex coacervation, using pectin and whey protein concentrate as wall materials provide protection to microorganism, both during refrigerated storage for 35 days and during simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Kinouchi, Fernanda Lopes [UNESP]. "Iogurte de soja como coadjuvante no tratamento de câncer de mama." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103345.
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kinouchi_fl_dr_arafcf.pdf: 729249 bytes, checksum: 40dc0249a850a1d16d680548a8140cb6 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O crescimento da demanda por alimentos saudáveis está estimulando a inovação e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos na indústria alimentícia. Os alimentos saudáveis são chamados de alimentos funcionais, que são alimentos consumidos como parte de uma dieta usual que produzem efeitos metabólicos ou fisiológicos, com capacidade de reduzirem o risco de doenças crônico - degenerativas, além de suas funções nutricionais básicas. Entre os alimentos funcionais, o presente estudo destaca os produtos derivados da soja e os probióticos. As isoflavonas da soja parecem ser os componentes principais no combate ao câncer, por apresentarem, atividade antioxidante, aumento da apoptose, inibição da angiogênese e modulação da resposta imune. O produto fermentado por bactérias láticas, induz resposta imune inata e adaptativa. Os mecanismos pelos quais o produto fermentado pode inibir o crescimento do tumor são diminuição da resposta inflamatória induzida pelo carcinógeno, aumento da IgA, aumento da apoptose celular e aumento da taxa de TNF-a . Considerando o efeito benéfico dos fitoestrogênios da soja em relação à inibição do câncer e considerando, também, o fato de que determinadas bactérias láticas apresentam atividade anti-tumoral, parece-nos plenamente justificável a realização do estudo para verificar se os alimentos: produto de soja não fermentado (PSNF); iogurte de soja (IS) e iogurte de soja suplementado com isoflavonas (ISS), e Ração (R) exercem efeito no desenvolvimento do câncer de mama e verificar os níveis das citocinas, bem como a concentração de óxido nítrico liberado por macrófagos, e IFN-g em cultura de células esplênicas, indução da apoptose/necrose em macrófagos e angiogêneses no tumor.
The growing demand for healthy foods is encouraging the development of new products by the food industry. Functional foods are normally part of a regular diet, but besides their nutritional properties, they also elicit metabolic and physiologic responses that may reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. This study focuses on probiotics and soy-derived products. Soy isoflavones seem to play the most important role in the fight against cancer because, besides their anti-oxidant effects, they stimulate apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and modulate the immune response. Probiotics may inhibit tumor growth by diminishing the inflammatory response provoked by the carcinogen and by increasing apoptosis and TNF-_ and IgA levels. Considering the beneficial effects of soy phytoestrogens on cancer and the fact that some lactic bacteria have antitumor activity, is seems reasonable to carry out a study that analyzes whether non-fermented soy product (PSNF), soy yoghurt (IS), soy yoghurt supplemented with is flavones (ISS) and regular feed (R) have an effect on the development of breast cancer by assessing: 1. levels and nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages; 2. levels of IL-10 and IFN-g in spleen cell cultures; 3. induction of apoptosis/necrosis in macrophages; and 4. tumor angiogenesis.
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Bedani, Raquel. "Efeito do consumo de "iogurte" de soja suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88584.
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Orientador: Elizeu Antonio RossiBanca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
Banca: Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade Perez
Resumo: A osteoporose é uma doença crônica que afeta principalmente mulheres na pós-menopausa, e caracteriza-se por perda de massa óssea e deterioração da arquitetura do tecido ósseo, sendo considerada como um sério problema de saúde pública. A Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH) é talvez o tratamento mais efetivo para reduzir a perda óssea, no entanto vem acompanhada por efeitos adversos como o aumento do risco de câncer de mama e de endométrio. Terapias alternativas, como a ingestão de isoflavonas, vêm sendo propostas a fim de se prevenir a osteoporose. As isoflavonas, um tipo de fitoestrógeno, parecem desenvolver atividade biológica parecida com a dos estrógenos de mamíferos, pois apresentam habilidade para se ligarem aos receptores estrogênicos. Além disso, estudos em animais e em humanos têm mostrado que as isoflavonas vêm se constituindo numa alternativa interessante para o controle do metabolismo lipídico e da obesidade. Além das isoflavonas, uma das possíveis maneiras de se prevenir a perda óssea é por meio da ingestão de quantidades adequadas de cálcio, um dos componentes dietéticos de maior importância para a manutenção da integridade óssea. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da ingestão do iogurte de soja, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus jugurti, suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o peso corpóreo e tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos, cada qual com 9 animais: pseudo-ovariectomizado, ovariectomizado; ovariectomizado que ingeriu o produto fermentado suplementado com isoflavonas e cálcio, ovariectomizado que ingeriu o produto fermentado suplementado com cálcio e ovariectomizado que ingeriu placebo suplementado com cálcio. O tratamento durou 3 meses e foram utilizados tíbias e fêmures de cada animal para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that affects mainly postmenopausal women, and it is characterized by bone loss and deterioration of the bone tissue architecture, and it considered a serious problem of public health. The Hormonal Replacement Therapy Hormonal (HRT) is the most effective treatment to reduce the bone loss, however it may be associated with adverse effects as the increase of the risk of endometrium and breast cancer. Alternative therapies, as intake of isoflavones, have being proposed to prevent the osteoporosis. Isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogens, seem to have biological activity like the mammals estrogens, because they present ability to bind to the estrogens receptors. Moreover, studies in animals and in human have shown that isoflavones may be an interesting alternative for the control of the lipidic metabolism and the obesity. On the other hand, the intake of adequate amounts of calcium, one of the dietary components of bigger importance for the maintenance of the bone integrity, is also considerate to be able to prevent the bone loss. Then, the objective of this research was to study the effect of the intake of the soy "yoghurt", fermented with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti, supplemented with isoflavones and calcium on the corporal weight and bone tissue of ovariectomized mature rats. The animals had been divided in 5 groups, each one with 9 animals: sham-ovariectomized, ovariectomized; ovariectomized treated with soy yoghurt supplemented with isoflavones and calcium, ovariectomized treated with soy yoghurt supplemented with calcium and ovariectomized treated with placebo supplemented with calcium. The treatment lasted 3 months and the tibia and femur of each animal were used for following analysis: bone length; mechanical assay of three points; weight, volume and bone density; bone mineral content; bone... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
50
Miguel, Elisângela Michele. "Atividade de etanol desidrogenase durante a estocagem em culturas usadas na produção de iogurte." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5294.
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Previous issue date: 2003-08-22Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, activity was investigated in Streptococcus thermophilus NCDO 1968, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, and the probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20, after growth at 37°C for 12 hours, and storage at 4°C for 21 days. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus presented positive results for ADH activity in Alcohol Indicator Medium, while L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 presented negative results after 21 days. This method was not discriminatory for S. thermophilus. ADH activity was also measured by the oxidation of NAD(P)H and expressed as μmol of NAD(P)H oxydized per min per mg protein. The average activity in L. acidophilus was 1,06x10-7 µmol.min-1.mg-1. The activity increased to 9,17x10-7µmol.min-1.mg-1 after cells were kept in MRS medium at 4°C, for 5 days. Increases in ADH activity were also detected in cell free extracts of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus. The three strains displayed low ADH activity in MRS broth after 21 days at 4°C. The headspace analysis by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy revealed acetaldehyde production by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus. The latter produced acetaldehyde only after storage at 4°C. Ethanol production was not detected. Despite some ADH activity was detected in liquid medium, the combined results do not support completely the hypothesis that ADH activity would be induced itself after storage at low temperatures. Other studies are still needed.
A atividade de etanol desidrogenase, ADH, foi investigada em espécies de bactérias usadas na fabricação do iogurte, Streptococcus thermophilus NCDO 1968, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, e da linhagem probiótica Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20, após crescimento a 37°C por 12 horas e estocagem a 4°C por 21 dias. Em meio indicador de álcool, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e L. acidophilus apresentaram resultado positivo para atividade de ADH, enquanto L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20, resultado negativo. A detecção da atividade, nesse meio, não foi discriminatória para S. thermophilus. A atividade de ADH, em meio líquido, foi determinada pela medida da oxidação de NAD(P)H e expressa em µmoles de NAD(P)H oxidado por minuto por mg de proteína. A atividade em L. acidophilus foi, em média de 1,06x10-7 µmol.min-1.mg-1, aumentando para 9,17x10- 7µmol.min-1.mg-1, após a estocagem das células em meio MRS, por 5 dias, a 4°C. Também houve aumento de atividade de ADH nos extratos livres de células de L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e S. thermophilus. Os resultados em meio líquido mostraram que as três culturas apresentaram baixa atividade de ADH durante a estocagem por 21 dias, a 4°C. A metodologia baseada em GC/MS, por headspace, permitiu detectar acetaldeído produzido por L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus e S. thermophilus, o qual produziu acetaldeído somente após a estocagem a 4°C. Entretanto, a atividade de ADH não foi observada após a incubação para crescimento a 37°C, por 12 h, nem após a estocagem a 4°C por 21 dias, não sendo observada a produção de etanol, nas condições estudadas. Estes resultados não confirmam a hipótese de uma ADH que se manifestaria após longos períodos em baixas temperaturas, embora baixa atividade da enzima tenha sido detectada em meio líquido. Outros estudos são necessários.