Academic literature on the topic 'Yi tian liang zhu zhi'

Abstract Background: Anlotinib, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, c-KIT, c-MET, and RET, monotherapy has been proven effective in HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer, but its efficacy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unknown. This phase 2 study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding anlotinib to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients (pts) with primary TNBC. Methods: Pts with clinical stage II/III TNBC were to be treated with 5 cycles of anlotinib (12mg, d1-14, q3w) plus 6 cycles of taxanes (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 or nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2, d1 and d8, q3w) and lobaplatin (30 mg/m2, d1, q3w), followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast and axilla (tpCR; ypT0/is ypN0) and the secondary endpoints include pCR in the breast (bpCR; ypT0/is), event-free survival (EFS), invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory study included biomarker analysis and efficacy comparation based on FUSCC classification (IHC-based). Results: From Jan 2021 to Feb 2022, a total of 24 pts were enrolled. The median age was 50 years (range, 26-64), 54% were postmenopausal, 75% were nodal involved, 29% had stage III, and 79% were Ki-67 high (≥30%). At the data cut off time of 30th Jun 2022, all 24 pts received at least one dose of study treatment and underwent surgery. Overall, 21 pts received five courses of anlotinib. Two pts discontinued anlotinb for safety reason, and one pt discontinued anlotinb due to missed dose in cycle 4. After surgery, 14 out of 24 pts achieved a tpCR (58.3%; 95% CI, 36.6%–77.9%), and the bpCR rate was also 58.3% (14/24). Of the 18 pts with the node-positive disease at diagnosis, 15/18 (83.3%) became ypN0. Based on the FUSCC IHC-based subtypes, the tpCR rates were 66.7% (6/9) for BLIS subtype, 80% (4/5) for IM subtype and 0% (0/4) for LAR subtype, respectively. Next-generation sequencing revealed that the most commonly mutated genes in these pts were TP53 (19/21, 90.5%), MYC (7/21, 33.3%), BRCA1 (5/21, 23.8%), PIK3CA (4/21, 19.0%), BCL2L11 (4/21, 19.0%), and RB1 (3/21, 14.3%). Subgroup analysis showed that the tpCR were 71.4% (5/7) and 42.9% (6/14) in MYC-amplified and wild-type pts, respectively, and 80% (4/5) and 43.8% (7/16) in BRCA1-mutated and wild-type pts, respectively. All of 24 pts in the safety population showed at least one treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Grade 3 or 4 TEAEs occurred in 14 pts (58.3%), and the most common events were leucopenia (29.2%; n=7), neutropenia (29.2%; n=7), thrombocytopenia (20.8%; n=5), anemia (16.7%; n=4), hypertension (12.5%; n=3), and oral mucositis (8.3%; n=2), respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: The addition of anlotinib to neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed manageable toxicity and promising antitumor activity for pts with early-stage TNBC. The study is still ongoing, and the enrollment has been completed. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100043027. Funding: Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. L. Corresponding author: Dr. Xiaowei Qi, qxw9908@foxmail.com. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing. Citation Format: Yan Liang, Jing Liu, Tao Luo, Jia Ge, Hao Tian, Guozhi Zhang, Linjun Fan, Lin Ren, Li Chen, Peng Tang, Kai Zhu, Xiuwu Bian, Jun Jiang, Yi Zhang, Xiaowei Qi, Peng Tang, Kai Zhu, Xiuwu Bian, Jun Jiang, Yi Zhang, Xiaowei Qi. Phase 2 study of anlotinib combined with taxanes and lobaplatin in the neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: efficacy, safety and biomarker analysis from the SWH-B006 (neoALTALL) trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-01.

The thesis aims to clarify the historical profile, the particular characteristics and the various dissertations of the Medieval property theory dominium utile and to confront it with analogue institutions in traditional Chinese law. The author intends to confirm that dominium utile was by nature the reflection of a Medieval idea of property on the giurisprudence. Considered as an artificial introduction of the Civil Law, the dominium utile was frequently described as a secondary property by the doctores. Yet such a dipendent feature doesn't diminish the role it played on both theoritical and practical dimension. Dominium utile is deeply rooted in the system of property elaborated by Bartolus, thus reveals how the Medieval giurists emphysized the economic essence of property at the expense of the unity and exclusivity of dominium. The Roman dominium now is replaced by the Medieval dominia. In spite of the harsh rebukes of the legal humanists who were active in the 16th century, dominium utile won the support of many illustrious jurists thanks to its irreplacable value for the jurists who were engaged in responding to land problems of that time. The separation of two dominia exists in traditional Chinese law, too. Diffrent from the European experience, in China the separation of property was realized by customary law. People gave a particular attention to the economic value of a land to the extent that the tenant could claim the property of the surface of the land, while the owner had nothing more than the property of the bottom. The customary law tended to erode the formal property, which ended up becoming a right to the rent. This phenomenon can explain partly why the traditional Chinese law was not able to develop a modern conception of the property by itself. Aware of this deficit, the legislators of the Repubblic of China set out to suppress the separation of property by means of codification during the 1920s and the 1930s. For them, the establishment of a European property is necessary to modernize the country. Such a consideration doesn't disappear even afer the abolition of the codification of the Repubblic of China in Mainland China.