Academic literature on the topic 'Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage"
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De, Ramen Kanti, and Aritra Ganguly. "Energy, Exergy and Economic Analysis of a Solar Hybrid Power System Integrated Double-Effect Vapor Absorption System-Based Cold Storage." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500184.
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In this paper, an attempt has been made to propose a multi-commodity cold storage to store a variety of high value perishable commodities round the year. To maintain the favorable micro-climate inside the cold storage space for the selected commodities, a cooling system based on double-effect vapor absorption cycle has been developed. To meet the year-round thermal and electrical load of the proposed cold storage, a solar thermal-PV-based hybrid power system has been designed. A computer program in MATLAB-R2017a has been developed to predict the year-round performance of the proposed system for a complete calendar year for the climatic condition of Kolkata, India (22.57∘N, 88.36∘E). An exergy analysis of the proposed system has also been included in the study. Finally, a life cycle cost analysis of the integrated solar hybrid power system has been performed to estimate its payback period. The study reveals that the mutual generation from 45 numbers of parabolic trough collectors along with 225 numbers of SPV modules is sufficient to meet the year-round energy demand of the proposed cold storage. The study thus reinforces the need and viability of double-effect VAR system-based multi-commodity cold storage powered through solar energy for developing countries like India, where significant amount of agricultural production gets wasted due to inadequate warehousing facilities.
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Tan, Simon, and Andrew Wahlen. "Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage: An analysis on the effect of thermal energy storage insulation thermal conductivity on round-trip efficiency." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 6 (May 24, 2019): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v6i0.1547.
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Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) has demonstrated promising potential for widescale use in the power distribution network, especially where renewables are concerned.Current plants are inefficient when compared to other technologies such as battery and pumped hydro. Presently, the greatest round-trip efficiency of any commercial CAES plant is 54% (McIntosh Plant), while the highest energy efficiency of any experimental plant is 66-70% (ADELE Project). So far, Adiabatic CAES systems have yielded promising results with round-trip efficiencies generally ranging between 65-75%, with some small-scale system models yielding round-trip efficiencies exceeding 90%. Thus far, minimal research has been devoted to analysing the thermodynamic effects of the thermal energy storage (TES) insulation. This metastudy identifies current industry and research trends pertaining to ACAES with a focus on the TES insulation supported by model simulations. Charged standby time and insulation of the TES on overall system efficiency was determined by performing a thermodynamic analysis of an ACAES system using packed bed heat exchangers (PBHE) for TES. The results provide insight into the effect various insulators, including concrete, glass wool and silica-aerogel, have on exergy loss in the TES and overall system efficiency. TES insulation should be carefully considered and selected according to the expected duration of fully charged standby time of the ACAES system.
Keywords: Compressed air energy storage; adiabatic compressed air energy storage; thermal energy storage; thermodynamic efficiency; renewable energy storage, packed bed heat exchanger
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Briffa, Luke Jurgen, Charise Cutajar, Tonio Sant, and Daniel Buhagiar. "Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Behavior of Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Accumulators Using Air and CO2." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 8706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228706.
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This paper numerically models the thermal performance of offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) systems composed of a subsea accumulator pre-charged with a compressed gas. A time-marching numerical approach combining the first law of thermodynamics with heat transfer equations is used to investigate the influence of replacing air within an HPES system with carbon dioxide (CO2). The latter is able to experience a phase change (gas–liquid–gas) during the storage cycle in typical subsea temperatures when limiting the peak operating pressure below the critical point. The influences of integrating a piston and an inner liner within the accumulator to mitigate issues related to gas dissolution in seawater and corrosion are explored. It is found that the energy storage capacity of subsea HPES accumulators increases substantially when CO2 is used as the compressible fluid in lieu of air, irrespective of the accumulator set up. It is also noted that the length-to-diameter ratio of the accumulator has a considerable influence on the round-trip thermal efficiency for both air- and CO2-based accumulators. Another factor influencing the round-trip thermal efficiency is the presence of the inner liner. Moreover, the CO2-based HPES system yields a lower round-trip thermal efficiency over that of air.
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Dreißigacker, Volker, and Sergej Belik. "System Configurations and Operational Concepts for Highly Efficient Utilization of Power-to-Heat in A-CAES." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071317.
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The increasing share of renewable energies requires the installation of large-scale electricity storage capacities in addition to grid expansion. Significant contribution to reach this goal is provided by adiabatic compressed air energy storage power plants (A-CAES), key elements in future electricity transmission systems. This technology allows efficient, local zero-emission electricity storage on the basis of compressed air in underground caverns in combination with thermal energy storage systems and, in contrast to pumped storage power plants (PSPP), it demands no overground geological requirements. Despite the achieved success of A-CAES systems in terms of efficiency and cost, further improvements in dynamics and flexibility are needed. One promising solution to fulfil these dynamic requirements is based on the integration of an additional power-to-heat element (P2H) operating during the charging periods. This modification allows increased power plant flexibility and further cost reductions due to increased thermal storage densities but is simultaneously associated with concept-dependent decreasing total round trip efficiencies. For the identification of suitable configurations, adequate concepts must be elaborated, and the influence on round trip efficiency as well as on cost reduction potential must be investigated. For this purpose, a system model for a two-stage A-CAES configuration is established and used for large simulation studies related to P2H locations and power, thermal energy storage systems, and central process variables. Therefore, time-efficient model reductions with well-justified assumptions are conducted, offering a simplified transient implementation of thermal energy options in the system simulation. On the basis of a promising P2H configuration including high potentials for cost reduction and moderate losses in round trip efficiency, an alternative concept is presented offering high exergetic utilization and additional cost reductions, which can be treated as a base for upgrading the existing CAES power plants and for modifying operational concepts.
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Abaranji, Sujatha, Karthik Panchabikesan, and Velraj Ramalingam. "Experimental Investigation of a Direct Evaporative Cooling System for Year-Round Thermal Management with Solar-Assisted Dryer." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (December 18, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6698904.
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Building cooling is achieved by the extensive use of air conditioners. These mechanically driven devices provide thermal comfort by deteriorating the environment with increased energy consumption. To alleviate environmental degradation, the need for energy-efficient and eco-friendly systems for building cooling becomes essential. Evaporative cooling, a typical passive cooling technique, could meet the energy demand and global climatic issues. In conventional direct evaporative cooling, the sensible cooling of air is achieved by continuous water circulation over the cooling pad. Despite its simple operation, the problem of the pad material and water stagnation in the sump limits its usage. Moreover, the continuous pump operation increases the electrical energy consumption. In the present work, a porous material is used as the water storage medium eliminating the pump and sump. An experimental investigation is performed on the developed setup, and experiments are conducted for three different RH conditions (low, medium, and high) to assess the porous material’s ability as a cooling medium. Cooling capacity, effectiveness, and water evaporation rate are determined to evaluate the direct evaporative cooling system’s performance. The material that replaces the pump and sump is vermicompost due to its excellent water retention characteristics. There is no necessity to change material each time. However, the vermicompost is regenerated at the end of the experiment using a solar dryer. The passing of hot air over the vermicompost also avoids mould spores’ transmission, if any, present through the air. The results show that vermicompost produces an average temperature drop of 9.5°C during low RH conditions. Besides, vermicompost helps with the energy savings of 21.7% by eliminating the pump. Hence, vermicompost could be an alternate energy-efficient material to replace the pad-pump-sump of the conventional evaporative cooling system. Further, if this direct evaporative cooling system is integrated with solar-assisted drying of vermicompost, it is possible to provide a clean and sustainable indoor environment. This system could pave the way for year-round thermal management of building cooling applications with environmental safety.
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Al-Abdali, Akthem Mohi, and Handri Ammari. "Thermal energy storage using phase-change material in evacuated-tubes solar collector." AIMS Energy 10, no. 3 (2022): 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022024.
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<abstract> <p>The use of phase change materials in solar thermal collectors improves their thermal performance significantly. In this paper, a comparative study is conducted systematically between two solar receivers. The first receiver contains paraffin wax, while the other does not. The goal was to find out to which degree paraffin wax can enhance the energy storage and thermal efficiency of evacuated tubes solar collectors. Measurements of water temperature and solar radiation were recorded on a few days during August of 2021. The experimental analysis depended on two stages. The first stage had a flow rate of 7 L/hr, and the second stage had no flow rate. A flow rate of 7 L/hr gave an efficiency of 47.7% of the first receiver with phase-change material, while the second conventional receiver had an efficiency rate of 40.6%. The thermal efficiency of the first receiver during the day at which no flow rate was applied was 41.6%, while the second one had an efficiency rate of 35.2%. The study's significant results indicated that using paraffin wax in solar evacuated tube water-in-glass thermal collectors can enhance their thermal energy storage by about 8.6% and efficiency by about 7%. Moreover, the results revealed that the solar thermal collector containing paraffin wax had an annual cost of 211 USD/year. At the same time, the receiver's yearly fuel cost was 45 USD. Compared to an electrical geyser, the annual cost reached 327 USD, with an annual fuel cost equaled 269 USD. The first receiver's payback period was 5.35 years.</p> </abstract>
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Pérez-Gallego, David, Julian Gonzalez-Ayala, Antonio Calvo Hernández, and Alejandro Medina. "Thermodynamic Performance of a Brayton Pumped Heat Energy Storage System: Influence of Internal and External Irreversibilities." Entropy 23, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121564.
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A model for a pumped thermal energy storage system is presented. It is based on a Brayton cycle working successively as a heat pump and a heat engine. All the main irreversibility sources expected in real plants are considered: external losses arising from the heat transfer between the working fluid and the thermal reservoirs, internal losses coming from pressure decays, and losses in the turbomachinery. Temperatures considered for the numerical analysis are adequate for solid thermal reservoirs, such as a packed bed. Special emphasis is paid to the combination of parameters and variables that lead to physically acceptable configurations. Maximum values of efficiencies, including round-trip efficiency, are obtained and analyzed, and optimal design intervals are provided. Round-trip efficiencies of around 0.4, or even larger, are predicted. The analysis indicates that the physical region, where the coupled system can operate, strongly depends on the irreversibility parameters. In this way, maximum values of power output, efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and pumped heat might lay outside the physical region. In that case, the upper values are considered. The sensitivity analysis of these maxima shows that changes in the expander/turbine and the efficiencies of the compressors affect the most with respect to a selected design point. In the case of the expander, these drops are mostly due to a decrease in the area of the physical operation region.
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Hailu, Getu, Philip Hayes, and Mark Masteller. "Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091821.
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We present more than one-year of monitoring results from a thermal energy storage system located in a very cold place with a long winter season. The studied house is in Palmer city, Alaska (~62° N, ~149° W). The house is equipped with solar PV for electricity production and solar thermal collectors which were linked to a sensible thermal energy storage system which is underneath the house’s normally unoccupied garage and storage space. Sensors were installed in the thermal storage and solar thermal collector array to monitor system temperatures. In addition, TRNSYS was used for numerical simulation and the results were compared to experimental ones. The maximum observed garage ambient temperature was ~28 °C while the simulated maximum ambient garage temperature was found to be ~22 °C. Results indicate that seasonal solar thermal storages are viable options for reducing the cost of energy in a region with extended freezing periods. This is significant for Alaska where the cost of energy is 3–5 times the national average.
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Ye, Rongda, Xiaoming Fang, and Zhengguo Zhang. "Numerical Study on Energy-Saving Performance of a New Type of Phase Change Material Room." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133874.
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The thermal performance of a phase change energy storage building envelope with the ventilated cavity was evaluated. CaCl2·6H2O-Mg(NO3)2·6H2O/expanded graphite (EG) was employed to combined with the building for year-round management. The energy consumption caused by the building under different influence parameters was evaluated numerically. The results indicated that CaCl2·6H2O-8wt %Mg(NO3)2·6H2O/EG should be installed on the south wall for the heating season, while CaCl2·6H2O-2wt %Mg(NO3)2·6H2O/EG should be integrated on the roof for the cooling season. When the air layer was ventilated and the south wall was coated with the solar absorbing coating, the room could save approximately 30% of energy consumption. Moreover, the energy consumption increased with an increase in the air layer thickness, and the air layers played a different role in the building envelope. The optimal value of the flow rate between air layer 2, air layer 3, and the room was 0.09 m3/s. To reduce the energy consumption, the phase change materials (PCMs) with large and small thermal conductivity should be installed in the south wall and roof, respectively. In general, the phase change energy storage building envelope with the ventilated cavity can save energy during the heating and cooling seasons.
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Chen, Xiaotao, Xiaodai Xue, Yang Si, Chengkui Liu, Laijun Chen, Yongqing Guo, and Shengwei Mei. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Trigenerative Compressed Air Energy Storage System with Solar Thermal Energy." Entropy 22, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070764.
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The comprehensive utilization technology of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems is the leading edge of renewable and sustainable energy research. In this paper, we propose a novel CCHP system based on a hybrid trigenerative compressed air energy storage system (HT-CAES), which can meet various forms of energy demand. A comprehensive thermodynamic model of the HT-CAES has been carried out, and a thermodynamic performance analysis with energy and exergy methods has been done. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis and assessment capacity for CHP is investigated by the critical parameters effected on the performance of the HT-CAES. The results indicate that round-trip efficiency, electricity storage efficiency, and exergy efficiency can reach 73%, 53.6%, and 50.6%, respectively. Therefore, the system proposed in this paper has high efficiency and flexibility to jointly supply multiple energy to meet demands, so it has broad prospects in regions with abundant solar energy resource.
Books on the topic "Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage"
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Mihaylov, Vyacheslav, Elena Sotnikova, and Nina Kalpina. Eco-friendly air protection systems for motor transport facilities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1093106.
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The textbook considers the issue of assessing the heat and humidity state of air in the processes of its processing in various systems, provides requirements for air protection means, taking into account their environmental friendliness, shows ways of energy saving in cooling, heating and year-round air conditioning systems, as well as when protecting the atmosphere from harmful emissions. The way of energy saving with individual thermal protection of the operator by means of local cooling during air treatment in an irrigated intensified nozzle is shown and recommendations for reducing its material consumption are developed. The method and means of reducing the toxicity of emissions of tractor internal combustion engines during its operation in rooms of limited volume by water vapor humidification of the fuel-air mixture are demonstrated. The ways of noise reduction of air protection systems are shown.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the specialties "Ground transport and technical means", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Power engineering", "Ground transport and technological complexes", "Refrigeration, cryogenic equipment and life support systems", "Technosphere safety", "Ecology and nature management".
Book chapters on the topic "Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage"
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Kaygusuz, Kamil, and Mehmet Akif Ezan. "Energy Storage." In Energy: Concepts and Applications, 621–76. Turkish Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-00-9.ch10.
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In this chapter, the importance, fundamental mechanisms and benefits of energy storage techniques and applications of the different storage methods are represented in detail. It is expected to make the energy ready to use whenever and wherever it is requested. Energy storage is defined as the accumulation of energy for further usage when the demand arises. Energy can be stored one of the following forms mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical or thermal. Energy storage is an advanced energy technology application that provides a significant potential for not only securing the reliability of the energy supply but also the operation of the energy transportation systems and their components more effectively, efficiently and economically. While underground storage of natural gas can provide the reliability of the energy supply, the storage of high-pressure hydrogen can help to put in practice new generation clean transportation options. The sensible and/or latent heat thermal energy storage applications are used to store the solar energy in space heating/cooling and hot water supply systems. The battery technology and electric to heat/heat to electric storage techniques are used to resolve the intermittency of the wind farms and maintain sustainable energy production. Supplying reliable energy to the end-users throughout the year is a complex mission that includes the management of the seasonal variations in energy supply, daily fluctuations in energy production and demand. On the other hand, it is critical to guarantee a continuous power supply without any interruption for industrial and household usage. That is the storage of energy has an essential and critical role in maintaining a balance between the demand and the supply.
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Babaev, Baba Dzhabrailovich, Valeriy Kharchenko, Vladimir Panchenko, and Pandian Vasant. "Materials and Methods of Thermal Energy Storage in Power Supply Systems." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 115–35. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9179-5.ch005.
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The chapter considers the factors that affect the incomplete use of power. The analysis and systematization of accumulating systems on the types of accumulated energy, on the processes occurring during storage, types of devices and types of generated energy is performed. Each of the possible ways of accumulating energy is analyzed in detail. Various variants of conformity of schedules of change of a consumed load within a year and a total resource of solar radiation are considered. The analysis of the parameters of heat-accumulating materials and their classification depending on the material class, the way of heat accumulation and return, on the cyclicity of work, etc. are provided. It is shown that the level of temperature, the scale of the storage unit, and the necessary duration of heat storage determine the requirements for the construction of batteries and the choice of heat-storage substances. The prospects of research on the search for new ways of accumulating energy and technical means for their implementation are considered.
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Marni Sandid, Abdelfatah, Taieb Nehari, Driss Nehari, and Yasser Elhenawy. "Performance Investigation of the Solar Membrane Distillation Process Using TRNSYS Software." In Distillation Processes - From Conventional to Reactive Distillation Modeling, Simulation and Optimization [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100335.
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Membrane distillation (MD) is a separation process used for water desalination, which operates at low pressures and feeds temperatures. Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is the new MD configuration for desalination where both the hot feed side and the cold permeate side are in indirect contact with the two membrane surfaces. The chapter presents a new approach for the numerical study to investigate various solar thermal systems of the MD process. The various MD solar systems are studied numerically using and including both flat plate collectors (the useful thermal energy reaches 3750 kJ/hr with a total area of 4 m2) and photovoltaic panels, each one has an area of 1.6 m2 by using an energy storage battery (12 V, 200 Ah). Therefore, the power load of solar AGMD systems is calculated and compared for the production of 100 L/day of distillate water. It was found that the developed system consumes less energy (1.2 kW) than other systems by percentage reaches 52.64% and with an average distillate water flow reaches 10 kg/h at the feed inlet temperature of AGMD module 52°C. Then, the developed system has been studied using TRNSYS and PVGIS programs on different days during the year in Ain Temouchent weather, Algeria.
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"Solar Thermal Systems - Year-Round Heating from the Sun." In Renewable Energy and Climate Change, 116–43. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119994381.ch6.
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"Solar Thermal Systems - Year-Round Heating from the Sun." In Renewable Energy and Climate Change, 2nd Edition, 141–68. Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119514909.ch6.
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E. Juanicó, Luis. "Holistic and Affordable Approach to Supporting the Sustainability of Family Houses in Cold Climates by Using Many Vacuum-Tube Solar Collectors and Small Water Tank to Provide the Sanitary Hot Water, Space Heating, Greenhouse, and Swimming Poole Heating De." In Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) - Materials, Design and New Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103110.
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This work presents a new proposal for supporting the sustainability of a single-family house in very cold climates by installing many vacuum-tube solar collectors and a small water tank in order to fulfill the whole dweller demands of heat: space heating, sanitary hot water, and warming both, a greenhouse (spring and autumn) and a swimming pool (summer). This way is obtained a sustained demand that maximizes the utilization of heat from solar collectors throughout the year. This system is designed intending to use the smallest tank that fulfills the winter heating demand, supported by vacuum-tube solar collectors and a little help from electrical heaters working just on the valley tariff. This innovative design gets the most sustainable (but affordable) solution. This goal can be achieved by using a small well-insulated overheated aboveground water tank, instead of the huge underground reservoir of heat used by most projects tested up today. These large communal projects use huge reservoirs to provide seasonal thermal storage (STES) capacity, but their costs are huge too. Besides, it was observed that all these huge STES suffer large heat losses (about 40%), due to constraints for thermally insulating such very heavy systems. On the contrary, our small aboveground water tank can be thermally insulated very well and gets affordable costs. In this work is developed dynamical solar-thermal modeling for studying this novel approach and are discussed its major differences with traditional design. This modeling is used to study the whole demands of heat for one family living in the same conditions of the Okotoks’ project. The Okotoks’ project is based on many flat solar collectors (2,290 m2) and a huge (2,800 m3) rocky-underground STES system in order to almost fulfill (97%) the space heating demand of 52 houses (15,795 kWh/y ea.) in Alberta (Canada), having an overall cost of 9 MU$ (173,000 U$ ea.). We have already shown in previous work that this new proposal could reach noticeably lower costs (€30,500) than the Okotoks’ project in order to provide the same heating demand, by taking advantage of using 18 vacuum-tube collectors (solar area 37 m2) and a small (72 m3) well-insulated (heat losses 18%) water tank heated up to 85°C, which is the same temperature used in Okotoks and other traditional projects. Now, this proposal is enhanced by using a holistic approach to include other low-temperature demands (sanitary hot water and warming a greenhouse and swimming pool) that enhance the sustainability of dweller living. This way, the full production of heat from solar collectors is utilized (about six times larger than the single space heating demand, but using only 20 vacuum-tube solar collectors (21 m2 solar area) and a very small (10m3) water tank, reaching about a lower overall cost (€20,000), and so, the economic performance is enhanced as well. Besides, it is shown that using a small fraction of electrical heaters as a backup system (2%) and slightly overheating the water (up to 120°C@2 bar), which is feasible by using commercial stainless steel water tanks designed for such purposes, its economic performance could be again noticeably enhanced (reducing the overall cost to €20,000, and getting payback period less than two years). This way here is demonstrated the overall solar-STES system can be reduced by about half size meanwhile the energy output can be increased up to seven times. Hence, the thermal analysis performed suggested us strongly critic the traditional approach of using flat solar collectors instead of vacuum-tube collectors. This analysis shows that this choice has strongly driven the selection of a huge STES, which in turn increases noticeably the overall costs of the system since for such huge STES is mandatory to use underground reservoirs. However, this analysis also shows that without including those secondary demands, this proposal achieves a modest economic performance (payback period about 11 years) regarding its lower energy saved and compared against the “most smart” standard solution (one water tank with electrical heaters, costing about 5,000 U$ and exploiting the valley tariff of nocturnal electricity costing 0.1 €/kWh). On the contrary, when these secondary demands are included, the payback period is reduced by two years. Beyond the particular case studied here, this analysis suggests that the right design of any solar + STES system should be led by the solar production. On the contrary, the traditional design intends to fulfill one demand (space heating) concentrated during winter, and so, its performance is noticeably penalized, and the solution is definitely not to put a larger tank. Unfortunately, up today the poor performance of these projects has shown that this solar technology is (by far) unaffordable. Maybe its best days have gone, considering the enormous improvements achieved by another solar technology (using photovoltaic panels + heat pump + small daily-storage water tank), as it was discussed here.
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Palomar Aguilar, David, Carlos Miguel Iglesias Sanz, and Sofia Corsini Fuhrmann. "Ground Air Temperature Control for Heat Pump Exchange. APTAE System." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 156–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7279-5.ch008.
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Heating and cooling consume a high amount of energy, which is today mainly provided by fossil fuels. To save fossil resources and simultaneously reduce pollutants and CO2, heating and cooling energy consumption should be reduced. Geothermal energy is a clean, inexhaustible source of energy that is available all year round because it does not depend on the weather. Nevertheless, the use of tempered subsoil air has been used as a traditional air conditioning strategy; however, nowadays, its use has been questioned by the discovery of the leaks of radon gas from the ground. The investigation searches a heat exchange system with the subsoil which prevents the introduction of radon gas into living spaces. The system that is exposed increases the performance of aerothermal heat pumps by means of thermal exchange with tempered air in the sanitary chamber. This exchange is more favorable than air at the outside temperature, increasing the COP of the machine. This system complies with the regulations for protection against radon, protecting the building from this radioactive gas.
Conference papers on the topic "Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage"
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Alfulayyih, Yasir M., Peiwen Li, and Xiankun Xu. "YEAR-ROUND SOLAR ENERGY FORECASTING AND STORAGE PREDICTION FOR NON-INTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY." In 4th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tfec2019.sol.027436.
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Sepehri, Amin, and Brent Nelson. "Analysis of Round Trip Efficiency of Thermal Energy Storage in Northern Arizona." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1860.
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Abstract Energy storage systems provide a variety of benefits, including taking better advantage of renewable electricity when available and smoothing demand by shifting demand peaks to times when electricity prices and demand are lower. When low electricity demand occurs during the nighttime, system wide advantages also occur. These lower nighttime ambient temperatures lead to efficiency improvements throughout the grid, including power generators, transmission and distribution systems, chillers, etc. An analysis of ice thermal energy storage carried out by T. Deetjen et al. in 2018 analyzed fuel consumption of the power generation fleet for meeting cooling demand in buildings as a function of ambient temperature, relative humidity, transmission and distribution current, and baseline power plant efficiency. Their results showed that the effective round trip efficiency for ice thermal energy storage could exceed 100% due to the efficiency gains of nighttime operation. However, their analysis was performed on a case study in Dallas, where relatively high humidities lead to a relatively small diurnal temperature variation during the cooling season. In order to expand on this limitation, our study extends this analysis to a mountain west climate, using northern Arizona as a case study. The climate of the mountain west has several key differences from that of the Dallas case study in the previous work, including lower relative humidity, higher diurnal temperature variation, and near- and below-freezing nighttime temperatures during shoulder seasons that also exhibit cooling demand in buildings. To address these differences, this paper updates the models of Deetjen et al. to consider generator fleet efficiency and chiller/icemaking COP for local weather characteristics relevant to the mountain west, as well as considering the differences between fuel mixes of the generator fleet in nighttime and daytime. Compared to Dallas, the larger temperature variation of northern Arizona leads to higher round trip efficiencies (RTE) over the course of the year in most days of the year (e.g. 313 days of the year in northern Arizona in comparison with 182 days in Dallas), demonstrating frequent achievement of over 100% effective round trip efficiency. The presence of a mature commercial market and the possibility of gaining over 100% effective round trip efficiency create a strong case for cooling thermal energy storage as an energy storage approach. Future work will investigate emissions impacts as well as extend the analysis to additional western climates, including the hot dry and marine climates.
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Bartlett, Brent R., Nicholas C. D’Orsi, Chip Hobson, Bruce McGeoch, Edward Whitaker, and David A. Torrey. "A Scalable, Economical, Uninterrupted Solar Thermal Power System." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90193.
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Recent years have seen a surge of interest in renewable energy sources. Most renewable energy sources are intermittent in their production of power. One solution is to store the energy and draw from that stored energy in a controlled fashion. Recent advances have been made in solar thermal storage that would allow a solar thermal power system to operate year round and around the clock at nearly constant levels of electrical power production. This paper outlines how this can be accomplished.
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Bartlett, Brent R., Bruce McGeoch, Edward Whitaker, and David A. Torrey. "A Scalable, Economical, Uninterrupted Solar Thermal Power System." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27191.
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Recent years have seen a surge of interest in renewable energy sources. Most renewable energy sources are intermittent in their production of power. One solution is to store the energy and draw from that stored energy in a controlled fashion. Recent advances have been made in solar thermal storage that would allow a solar thermal power system to operate year round and around the clock at nearly constant levels of electrical power production. This paper outlines how this can be accomplished.
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Arnulfi, Gianmario L., Giulio Croce, and Martino Marini. "Parametric Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27464.
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Gas turbine efficiency and power output are strongly dependent on the inlet air condition. Thus, several authors proposed the use of different inlet air cooling systems. Such systems include, as examples, spraying water in the inflow air stream or air cooling through a chiller during GT operation. In the latter case, it is possible to operate the chiller at night time, taking advantage of the remarkable price gap between peak and off-peak hours. A parametric analysis of such a system is presented, focusing on the effect of price gap, chiller and storage design parameters and climatic conditions on the optimal sizing of the plant. Both the gas turbine performance changes, due to the different inlet conditions, and thermal losses related to the storage system are taken into account. The economic return of the system is evaluated through the year-round integral of gas turbine fuel consumption and chiller electricity requirements, for given scenarios of electricity price tag, ambient temperature and humidity profile. For different boundary conditions (market constraints and climate) the optimal configurations are identified and discussed.
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Cooper, Thomas A., and James S. Wallace. "Design of a 200 kWe Solar Thermal Power Plant for Ontario." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54216.
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A preliminary design and feasibility study has been conducted for a 200 kWe solar thermal power plant for operation in Ontario. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of small-scale commercial solar thermal power production in areas of relatively low insolation. The design has been developed for a convention centre site in Toronto, Ontario. The plant utilizes a portion of the large flat roof area of the convention centre to accommodate the collector array. Each power plant module provides a constant electrical output of 200 kWe throughout the year. The system is capable of maintaining the constant output during periods of low insolation, including night-time hours and cloudy periods, through a combination of thermal storage and a supplemental natural gas heat source. The powerplant utilized the organic Ranking cycle (ORC) to allow for relatively low source temperatures from the solar collector array. A computer simulation model was developed to determine the performance of the system year-round using the utilizability-solar fraction method. The ORC powerplant uses R245fa as the working fluid and operates at an overall efficiency of 11.1%. The collector is a non-concentrating evacuated tube type and operates at a temperature of 90°C with an average annual efficiency of 23.9%. The system is capable of achieving annual solar fractions of 0.686 to 0.874 with collector array areas ranging from 30 000 to 40 000 m2 and storage tank sizes ranging from 3.8 to 10 × 106L respectively. The lowest possible cost of producing electricity from the system is $0.393 CAD/kWh. The results of the study suggest that small-scale solar thermal plants are physically viable for year round operation in Ontario. The proposed system may be economically feasible given Ontario’s fixed purchase price of $0.42 CAD/kWh, but the cost of producing electricity from the system is highly dependent on the price of the solar collector.
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Chiapperi, J. D., E. M. Greitzer, and C. S. Tan. "Attributes of Bi-Directional Turbomachinery for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81016.
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Abstract In this paper we (i) present a methodology for determining the aerodynamic performance of bi-directional turbomachines for pumped thermal energy storage, i.e., turbomachines designed to operate as a compressor in one direction, and then as a turbine in the opposite direction, (ii) carry out performance computations for such turbomachines, and (iii) propose principles for conceptual design of these devices. Focus is placed on using the energy storage cycle not only to identify the novel requirements placed on bi-directional turbomachines, but also to estimate the effect of these requirements on the efficiency of the energy storage process. In particular, the difference between aerodynamic loading in forward and in backward operation causes the blading to work at incidences leading to performance below maximum efficiency, resulting in a lower round-trip efficiency. The description of the design principles includes determination of the number of stages, definition of non-dimensional parameters for blading selection, and optimization of two-dimensional blading for bi-directional operation. The assessment of stage count shows the relationship between relative Mach number, pressure ratio, and round-trip efficiency. The non-dimensional parameters are assessed through a bi-directional analogue to existing “Smith charts”, for the efficiency of single direction turbomachines, as a function of camber and stagger. The blade shape evaluation and optimization shows how the blade profile can be modified to address the requirements of a bi-directional turbomachine, enabling an increase in round-trip efficiency of 2 percentage points compared to a baseline double circular arc configuration.
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Fuller, R., J. Hemrle, and L. Kaufmann. "Turbomachinery for a Supercritical CO2 Electro-Thermal Energy Storage System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95112.
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This paper presents analysis of CO2 turbomachinery for the electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) concept for site-independent bulk (grid-scale) electric energy storage. In charging mode, ETES operates as a transcritical CO2 heat pump, consuming electric energy which is converted into thermal energy stored in the form of hot water and ice on the hot and cold side of the cycle, respectively. On demand, the CO2 cycle is reversed for discharging during which ETES operates as transcritical CO2 power generation plant, consuming the stored hot and cold sources. The target capacity of the ETES system is of the order of units of MW electric to ∼100 MW electric, with typical daily cycles and 4 to 8 hours of storage. The estimated electric-to-electric round trip efficiency of ETES is about 60%. A companion paper [1] presents the control concept of the ETES plant and discusses several issues specific to the ETES plant design and operation. This paper analyzes these particular requirements from the perspective of the CO2 turbomachinery required for the storage plant, presenting the selection of the turbomachinery types and their shaft arrangement suitable for the ETES. The expected performance, main design features and challenges are discussed, together with questions related to the scalability of the turbomachines towards high power targets. Impacts of the turbomachinery designs on the ETES system performance, such as the sensitivity of the system electric-to-electric round trip efficiency on the turbomachinery efficiency are discussed.
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Peterson, Richard B., Robbie Ingram-Goble, Kevin J. Harada, and Hailei Wang. "Energy Storage and Waste Heat Recovery: A Synergistic Effect Benefiting Renewable Energy." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54784.
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In order for renewable energy to displace 20% or more of the conventional power generating base without depending on significant hot spinning reserves, reliable and cost effective energy storage will be needed at the utility scale. Developing and deploying practical energy storage at this level is a major challenge and no single technology appears to have a dominant position. Storing electrical energy by way of thermal storage at moderate-to-low temperatures has not received much attention in the past. In fact, the conventional thinking is that heat pump/heat engine mediated energy storage is too inefficient (round trip efficiency of 30% or lower) to be practical. However, an innovative and efficient storage approach is proposed in this paper by incorporating sensible heat storage in a Rankine-type heat pump/heat engine cycle to increase the round trip efficiency. Furthermore, by using a source of waste (or otherwise low-grade) heat, round trip efficiencies can be enhanced further. Currently, there appears to be no significant linkage between waste heat recovery and grid-level energy storage, although the market opportunity for each is considerable. Using the thermal approach described here, a system can be created that uses very low-grade heat in the range between 50 to 70 °C. Furthermore, conventional technology can be used to implement the system where no extreme conditions are present anywhere in the cycle. Hence, it is thought to have advantages over other energy storage concepts being developed.
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Phelan, P. E., R. Calhoun, S. Trimble, J. E. Baker, and J. Sherbeck. "Heat-Pump-Based Thermal Storage for Intermittent Electrical and Thermal Sources." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44163.
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Thermal storage is advocated as a means for energy storage in some grid-scale electric powerplants, such as for concentrating solar power (CSP). The efficiency of concentrating solar thermal collectors, however, decreases with increasing output temperature, making it difficult to achieve high thermal storage temperatures. A heat pump, as is well known, can operate in either cooling mode or heating mode, and in either case, the coefficient of performance is generally greater than one, enabling a multiplier effect that can serve to either increase or decrease the temperature of thermal storage. A simple steady-state analysis of the “round-trip” system efficiency for storing energy reveals the potential benefits of utilizing a heat pump or refrigerator in such systems. Provided that an inexpensive heat input source is available, the system storage efficiency can reach or even exceed unity, assuming that the energy supplied to the system as heat is neglected. For ice storage at 0 °C, increasing thermal input temperatures above 209 °C increases the system storage efficiency above unity.
Reports on the topic "Year-Round Thermal Energy Storage"
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McLing, Travis, Patrick Dobson, Wencheng Jin, Nic Spycher, Christine Doughty, Ghanashyam Neupane, Robert Smith, and Trevor Atkinson. Dynamic Earth Energy Storage: Terawatt-year, Grid-scale Energy Storage Using Planet Earth as a Thermal Battery (GeoTES): Phase I Project Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1885826.
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Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl, and J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.
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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.