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Journal articles on the topic 'Yarns/fabrics'
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1
Kumpikaitė, Eglė, Indrė Tautkutė-Stankuvienė, and Dovilė Redeckienė. "Interrelation Between Tensile Properties of Yarns and Woven Fabrics with These Yarns." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0054.
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Abstract The main parameters of tensile tests for fabrics and yarns are the breaking force and the elongation at break. The aim of this investigation was to find the relation between the tensile properties of yarns and woven fabrics for different natural raw materials. Manmade bamboo, natural single flax, blended plied flax and natural silk yarns, plied combed cotton yarns, blended plied cotton, and polyester yarns were used for the research. The warp of almost all fabrics, except of one fabric, was from flax. This fabric was woven using blended flax and silk yarns in the warp. Weft yarns were more various – yarns of one kind were used in the weft for certain fabrics; yarns of two kinds were used in 1:1 repeats in other fabrics. It was established that the breaking force for both woven fabrics and yarns increases when the elongation at break increases. The relationships between the tensile parameters of yarns and woven fabrics were established. The results showed weak dependence between the tensile parameters of yarns and fabrics because the coefficients of determination of the dependences are small.
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Kadoğlu, Hüseyin, Krste Dimitrovski, Arzu Marmaralı, Pınar Çelik, Güldemet Başal Bayraktar, Tuba Bedez Üte, Gözde Ertekin, Andrej Demšar, and Klara Kostanjek. "Investigation of the Characteristics of Elasticised Woven Fabric by Using PBT Filament Yarns." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0025.
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Abstract Owing to growing demand for comfortable clothes, elastane filament yarns are being used in fabrics for several garments. In this study, core spun yarns were produced with cotton fibres and PBT/elastane filament yarns (cotton as sheath material, PBT yarn and elastane as core yarns). Twill woven (1/3 Z) fabrics were produced by using core spun yarns (30 tex) and cotton yarns (30 tex) as weft, and 100% cotton yarn (59 tex) as warp yarns. The fabrics consisting of PBT were washed at 100°C for 30 minutes to gain the elasticity. The woven fabrics’ weight, thickness, elongation, permanent elongation, dimensional stability, air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity characteristics were tested and statistically evaluated. According to the results, the fabrics containing PBT and elastane filaments had similar elongation and shrinkage values. PBT filament yarns have a great potential to produce lightweight elastic fabrics.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Po Ching Lu, Jin Jia Hu, Yueh Sheng Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Effects of Counts of PET Yarns and Spandex Fibers on the Properties of Tubular Knitted Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.245.
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This study examines how the counts of PET yarns and spandex fibers influence the properties of tubular knitted fabrics. PET yarns and spandex fibers with different counts are combined to form wrapped yarns, which are then made into tubular knitted fabrics. The surface of the knitted fabrics is observed, after which the knitted fabrics are tested for their tensile strength. The test results show that the tensile strength and thickness of the tubular knitted fabrics both increase as a result of the increasing content of PET yarns; however, the content of either spandex fiber or PET yarns is not correlated with the deformation of the tubular knitted fabrics.
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Ruppenicker, G. F., A. P. S. Sawhney, T. A. Calamari, and R. J. Harper. "Cotton Fabrics Produced with Twistless Wrap Spun Yarns." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 3 (March 1997): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700307.
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Properties of fabrics woven with wrap spun yarns and equivalent ring spun yarns of Upland cotton have been investigated. Experimental wrap spun yarns were made on a modern, special machine, which produces so-called twistless yarns from staple fibers that are held together by a fine multifilament wrap yarn. The filament wrap used for the experimental yarns was water soluble polyvinyl alcohol. Ring spun yarns were produced conventionally. Each kind of yarn was woven separately as both warp and filling into plain, twill, and sateen fabrics. The water soluble wrap of the wrap spun fabrics was removed during normal wet processing, yielding completely twistless cotton fabrics. The various fabrics were evaluated for their important mechanical properties. Results show that, compared to the ring spun equivalents, the tighter, plain-woven, twistless fabric (of typical average density) fared reasonably well in tensile breaking strength but was slightly weaker in tearing strength; the relatively looser twill and sateen twistless fabrics were significantly weaker in both tensile and tear strengths. Respective fabrics of the two yarn types, however, showed no significant difference in abrasion resistance, although the twill and sateen fabrics made with both yarns generally had lower flex abrasion resistance than the corresponding plain fabrics. Twistless fabrics, like their ring spun counterparts, maintained their tensile and tear properties after repeated laundering.
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N., Anbumani, C. Rameshkumar, P. Anandkumar, P. Senthilnathan, and R. Jeevitha. "COMPARITIVE STUDIES ON RING ROTOR AND VORTEX YARN KNITTED FABRICS." AUTEX Research Journal 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2008-080402.
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Abstract Ring, Rotor and Air vortex spinning systems provide yarn with different structures and properties. Each system has its limitations and advantages in terms of technical feasibility and economic viability. 30's Ne, 100%cotton yarns were produced from the above systems and knitted in single jersey machine .The Rotor Spun yarns found with frequent breakage during knitting. Comparatively good knitting performances have shown by the Ring and Air vortex yarns. Tensile, evenness and hairiness of the yarns and bursting strength, abrasion resistance, pilling, drapability and color matching of the knitted fabrics were studied. The Ring spun yarns have high strength, low imperfection, and good bursting strength. It has high 'S3' value. Abrasion resistance of Rotor and Vortex yarns made fabrics were found higher than the ring spun yarns. Ring yarn knitted fabric has high bursting strength, Air-vortex yarn knitted fabric has poor drape due to stiffer yarn structure and the MVS yarn fabric has poor pilling resistance. Rotor, MVS yarns made fabrics have good abrasion resistance. Drapability of Vortex yarn knitted fabrics was poor than ring and Rotor yarn knitted fabrics. Good and equal depth of dye shade was found with Ring and Air vortex yarn made knitted fabrics. Ring yarn knitted fabric has shown smooth feeling than the other two fabrics.
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Ghane, Mohammad, and Ehsan Ghorbani. "Investigation into the UV-Protection of Woven Fabrics Composed of Metallic Weft Yarns." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0021.
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Abstract The destructive effects of sun UV radiation on human skins are now very clear to everyone. Most of the present studies were focused on the fabrics’ structural parameters such as density, warp and weft yarns finenesses, fabric pattern and printing or finishing treatments applied to the fabrics. The aim of this work is achieving a technique through which the produced fabrics possess a higher UV-protection ability. For this purpose, two different metals including aluminium and copper yarns were employed in fabrics production process and their effects on UV-protection ability of the produced fabrics were investigated. Six different fabric samples comprised of either cotton/polyester, nylon yarns as the warp yarns as well as either aluminium or copper yarns as the weft yarns were produced. Using the spectrophotometer technique, which is known as one of the UPF measuring method, the absorbency and reflectivity of fabrics within the specified range of electromagnetic waves (specially the UV radiation) were determined. The results illustrated that the higher UV absorbency was related to the fabric possessing the copper yarns in their structures. It was concluded that the absorption ability of nylon fabrics is higher than that of the cotton/polyester samples.
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Huang, Chen-Hung, Po-Wen Hsu, Zhao-We Ke, Jian-Hong Lin, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Ching-Wen Lou, and Jia-Horng Lin. "A Study on Highly Effective Electromagnetic Wave Shield Textile Shell Fabrics Made of Point Polyester/Metallic Core-Spun Yarns." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132536.
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In this study, stainless steel (SS) filaments are wrapped in Ge fibers to form core-spun yarns. The yarns along with 500 D polyester (PET) fibers undergo weaving, thereby forming functional woven fabrics. The experiment is composed of two parts:yarns and fabrics. The yarns are twisted with TPI of 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and then tested for tensile strength and tensile elongation. The yarns possess mechanical properties that are dependent on the TPI—the higher the TPI, the better the mechanical properties. The maximal mechanical properties occur when the core-spun yarns are made of 12 TPI where the maximal tensile strength is 5.26 N and the lowest elongation is 43.2%. As for the functional woven fabrics, they are made of Ge/SS core-spun yarns as the weft yarns and 500 D PET yarns as the warp yarns. The tensile strength, tensile elongation, negative ion release, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), and air permeability tests are conducted, determining the optimal woven fabrics. The 12 TPI core-spun yarns provide the woven fabrics with the maximal tensile strength of 153.6 N and the optimal elongation at break of 10.08%. In addition, the woven fabrics made with 8 or 9 TPI core-spun yarns exhibit an optimal EMI SE of 41 dB, an optimal air permeability of 212 cm3/cm2/s, and an optimal release amount of negative ion of 550–600 ions/cc. The proposed woven fabrics have a broad range of applications, such as functional garments and bedding.
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ESRA, DIRGAR, ORAL OKSAN, and OZDIL NILGUN. "The performance properties of the yarn and fabrics produced from different types of cotton." Industria Textila 70, no. 05 (October 31, 2019): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.05.1651.
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In this study, performance properties of single jersey knitted fabrics made from Aegean cotton, Supima cotton and Giza cotton yarns are investigated. Firstly, Uster parameters and breaking strength of the yarns were examined and then the properties of the fabrics knitted from these yarns were evaluated statistically. The significance levels of the relationship between the measured parameters were determined. Considering the results obtained with the mechanical properties of the fabrics with Uster analysis applied to these yarns, it is seen that the yarns made from Supima and Giza cotton fibers in extra long fiber category have more smooth, less hairiness, contain less neps and the fabrics knitted with these yarns have high mechanical properties.
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Almetwally, Alsaid A., and Mona M. Salem. "COMPARISON BETWEEN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS WOVEN FROM COMPACT AND RING SPUN YARNS." AUTEX Research Journal 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2010-100107.
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Abstract Due to the elimination of spinning triangle in compact spun yarns, its mechanical and physical properties differ significantly from ring spun yarns. The difference between the two spun yarns is reflected in the properties of fabrics woven from both. This study is aimed to compare the mechanical properties of fabrics which are produced from yarns spun from 100% Egyptian cotton, Giza 86 on these systems. Statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between both type of fabrics regarding tear strength and abrasion resistance. But in relation to tensile strength, air permeability and stiffness, compact fabrics were superior to ring fabrics.
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Kostajnšek, Klara, Raša Urbas, and Krste Dimitrovski. "A New Simplified Model for Predicting the UV-Protective Properties of Monofilament PET Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0041.
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Abstract Knowing the reflection, transmission, and absorption properties of the yarns from which the woven fabric is made, prediction of a fabric’s UV-protective properties is simple. Using the geometrical properties of monofilament yarns and fabrics, which were determined optically, and following the cover factor theory, we have determined the areas of fabrics covered with no yarns, only one yarn, and two yarns. From a special selected set of high-module polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament materials (e.g., fabrics), we have elaborated a method for determining the reflection, transmission, and absorption of yarns. By first defining the differently covered areas of fabrics, we were able to use them in a mathematical model for calculating and predicting the UV-protective properties of the fabrics. The calculated and measured values of the UV-protective properties of the selected test fabrics were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient >0.98.
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YILMAZ, Elif, Sevda ALTAŞ, Nildeniz ADMAN, and Burçin YALÇIN ÖZKAN. "Laminasyon Tekniği İle Üretilen Sim İpliklerden Örülen Kumaşların Tekstil Terbiye İşlemlerine Karşı Dayanımının İncelenmesi." Tekstil ve Mühendis 27, no. 120 (December 30, 2020): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920202712006.
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The pre-finishing, finishing, and dyeing processes applied to the fabrics are carried out at high temperatures, in acidic or alkaline environments. Conventional metalized yarns which are produced by metalized yarn companies cannot resist these conditions that change due to raw material type. Metalized parts exfoliate when exposed to these conditions, and shiny appearance disappears completely. Therefore, in order to be a solution for this problem for the products that the use of metalized yarn is required, companies produce fabrics by using metalized yarns that were colored in bobbin form and choose proper application conditions for metalized yarns. However, because this solution increases production time and workmanship, the production costs and the product’s sale price increase correspondingly. The use of metalized yarns with untreated fiber is more advantageous than the method mentioned above for companies in terms of both cost and ease of production process. For this purpose, in this study, the resistance of metalized yarns that were produced by using lamination technique was tested against the chemicals which metalized yarns can be exposed during textile finishing processes, and the appearances of the fabrics were evaluated. Because metalized yarns are commonly used in the production of cotton and polyester fabrics, finishing processes that are applied to cotton and polyester fabrics were applied to metalized fabrics in a textile finishing laboratory. Then post-processing appearances of fabrics were evaluated subjectively.
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Li, Feng Yan, Si Yu Yan, and Xian Wen Cheng. "Performance of Electrically Conductive Fabrics Based on Polyester/Metal Wire Wrapped Yarns." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2543.
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Electrically conductive fabrics were prepared with interlacing polyester yarns and wrapped yarn of polyester/NiCr filament. The wrapped yarns are lined in different distance along filling direction, and the effect of distance on electrically conductivity of fabrics with plain weave is analyzed. In addition, wearing properties including fabric thickness and air permeability of such fabrics are also tested. The results show that surface charge density decrease with number increase of wrapped yarns in filling direction. When wrapped yarns are arranged at 3 yarns/ 6 cm for twill weave, the fabric density and air permeability increase with fabric density.
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Mihailovic, Tatjana V., Koviljka A. Asanovic, and Dragana D. Cerovic. "Structural design of face fabrics and the core as a premise for compression behavior of 3D woven sandwich fabric." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 20, no. 6 (December 5, 2016): 718–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216678768.
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In this work, an experimental study on compression properties of two E-glass 3D woven fabrics, known as integrally woven sandwich fabrics, has been presented. Compression properties of 2D face fabrics and the core, as structural parts of integrally woven sandwich fabric, have also been investigated. Compression behavior of the samples (compressibility, compression work, and compressive resilience) was analyzed from the aspect of the weave design of face fabrics and the core structure (shape and density of the pile yarns). Results of the investigation showed that “8” shaped core structure, the greater surface density of the pile yarns, and the less compact structure of face fabrics ensure better compression properties of 3D fabrics. Specific weave design of face fabrics and the structure of the core significantly influence the behavior of 3D fabrics during successive increases, followed by a gradual decrease of pressure. During the loading of 3D woven structures, three regions of curves can clearly be seen compared to two regions which are registered at 2D face fabrics. Concerning 3D woven fabrics, the first region represents compression of the core, the second region is prolonged core compression and the third region refers to the simultaneous compression of pile yarns in the core and face fabrics. The density of pile yarns plays an important role in the region 1. In region 2, both the shape and density of the pile yarns are significant. Influence of the weave of face fabrics on compression behavior of 3D fabric can be noticed to a lesser extent in the region 2 and, especially in the region 3, where highly packed yarns assemblies are created.
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BALCI KILIC, Gonca. "EFFECTSOFINTERMINGLING PRESSURE LEVELON PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER KNITTED FABRICS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.29.
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The texturing process is a method to imparts the look and feel of synthetic yarns to yarns made from natural fibers and give it even more superior properties. Texturing process provides bulkiness, extra stretch, porosity, better handle, air permeability and comfort properties to flat continuous filament yarns. Intermingling is an optional process which is made to hold together filaments in the structure of textured yarns. Intermingling pressure level is one of the most significant factors that affect properties of yarns and fabrics produced from these yarns. This study examined the effects of intermingling pressure level (not intermingled, 0.2 bar, 0.5 bar, 0.8 bar and 1.0 bar) on properties of fabrics made of multifilament yarns. For this purpose, physical, visual, surface and comfort properties of polyester knitted fabrics were measured. Within the context of the study, porosity and visual properties were analyzed with image analysis techniques. Results showed that, intermingling pressure level has statistically significant effects on the properties of fabrics such as unit weight, thickness, air permeability and porosity. However, intermingling pressure level has no effect on fabric roughness and overall moisture management capability (OMMC). Although all structural parameters are the same for the yarns and the fabrics, intermingling pressure level has also crucial effect on fabric surface appearances.
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Radulescu, I. R., L. Surdu, E. Visileanu, I. Sandulache, C. Morari, and B. Mitu. "THE GAIN IN SHIEDLING EFFECTIVENESS ACHIEVED BY SUPERPOSITION OF STAINLES-STEEL PLASMA COATED WOVEN FABRICS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (October 22, 2021): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.56.
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Electromagnetic shielding based on textile fabrics is important in applications for ensuring proper work of electronic equipment and for protection of human’s health. Fibre-based materials include a good capability for a precise design of the physical and electric properties of the EM shields. There are two main methods to impart electroconductive properties to textile fabrics: insertion of conductive yarns into the fabric structure and coating with conductive layers. In our approach, both methods were applied: cotton woven fabrics with conductive yarns of stainless steel and silver, were coated by magnetron sputtering with stainless steel layers. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) was determined by Transversal-Electric- Magnetic (TEM) cell measurement system, according to standard ASTM ES-07. Moreover, EMSE was determined for the superposition of the manufactured textile shields. The stainless-steel plasma coating improves EMSE with 20 dB in case of the fabrics with stainless steel yarns and with 15-17 dB in case of the fabrics with silver yarns, in the frequency range of 0.1-1000 MHz. By superposition of the plasma coated shields, the gain in EMSE achieved was of 6 dB for the fabrics with stainless steel yarns and of 5-8 dB for the fabrics with silver yarns, on the same frequency range. EMSE has significant higher values in case of the superposed shields with silver yarns and stainless-steel coating for the frequency domain of 100-1000 MHz, due to the higher thickness and the significant contribution of the multiple reflection term.
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Altas, Sevda, and Hüseyin Kadoğlu. "Comparison of Conventional Ring, Mechanical Compact and Pneumatic Compact Yarn Spinning Systems." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700110.
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This research is a comparative study of the physical properties of mechanical compact and conventional spun yarns and fabrics knitted from these yarns. To experiment the relational behavior, mechanical compact and conventional spun cotton yarns were produced in three different yarn linear densities having three twist levels. In order to examine the effect of spinning systems on fabric properties single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Results showed that, compact spun yarns have less hairiness, higher strength and higher elongation ratio than conventional spun yarns. Also, fabrics produced with compact yarns were found to have less pilling tendency. In the second part of the study, we compared the yarn properties produced with conventional ring, mechanical compact and pneumatic compact spinning systems. Analysis showed that, yarns produced with the pneumatic compact spinning system had the highest strength and the lowest hairiness.
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Altas, Sevda, and Hüseyin Kadoğlu. "Comparison of Conventional Ring, Mechanical Compact and Pneumatic Compact Yarn Spinning Systems." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 2 (June 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700201.
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This research is a comparative study of the physical properties of mechanical compact and conventional spun yarns and fabrics knitted from these yarns. To experiment the relational behavior, mechanical compact and conventional spun cotton yarns were produced in three different yarn linear densities having three twist levels. In order to examine the effect of spinning systems on fabric properties single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Results showed that, compact spun yarns have less hairiness, higher strength and higher elongation ratio than conventional spun yarns. Also, fabrics produced with compact yarns were found to have less pilling tendency. In the second part of the study, we compared the yarn properties produced with conventional ring, mechanical compact and pneumatic compact spinning systems. Analysis showed that, yarns produced with the pneumatic compact spinning system had the highest strength and the lowest hairiness.
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Huang, Chien-Lin, Yu-Tien Huang, Ting-Ting Li, Chia-Hsuan Chiang, Ching-Wen Lou, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Composite processing and property evaluation of far-infrared/electromagnetic shielding bamboo charcoal/phase change material/stainless steel elastic composite fabrics." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0080.
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Abstract This study aims to fabricate far-infrared (FIR)/electromagnetic shielding composite fabric and its composite yarn. Five types of composite yarns with different sheath components were made by using bamboo charcoal (BC) fibers, phase change material (PCM) roving and stainless steel (SS) fibers via a ring spinning frame, and then fabricated into five elastic warp-knitted fabrics with different weft yarns using a crochet knitting machine. The mechanical properties of different constituents of composite yarns and their fabrics, as well as FIR emissivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of resulting fabrics were evaluated. The results show that BC/SS composite yarns and their fabricated warp-knitted fabrics display the highest tensile strength. Warp-knitted fabrics containing BC fibers possess the highest FIR emissivity. EMSE of the fabricated warp-knitted fabrics improves proportionally with the number of the lamination layers. The resulting multifunctional elastic knitted fabrics apply as athletic clothing, underwear, socks, protective or healthcare products in the future.
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Radulescu, Ion Razvan, Lilioara Surdu, Bogdana Mitu, Cristian Morari, Marian Costea, and Nicolae Golovanov. "Conductive textile structures and their contribution to electromagnetic shielding effectiveness." Industria Textila 71, no. 05 (October 28, 2020): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.05.1783.
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Fabrics for electromagnetic shielding are especially relevant in nowadays context, contributing to human’s protection and wellbeing and to proper functioning of electronic equipment, in relation to electromagnetic compatibility. Fabrics with electromagnetic shielding properties employ two main technologies, namely insertion of conductive yarns and application of conductive coatings. Magnetron sputtering is a modern technology to enable conductive coatings with thickness in the range of nanometers onto fabrics. This paper aims to analyze contribution of various conductive textile structures out of both fabrics with inserted conductive yarns and coatings to Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). EMSE was measured in the frequency range of 0.1–1000 MHz by using a TEM cell according to standard ASTM ES-07. Results show a gain of 10–25 dB when introducing silver yarns in warp/ weft direction, a variation of 5–35 dB between conductive yarns out of silver and stainless steel and an up to 12 dB gain out of thin copper coating by magnetron plasma onto the fabrics with inserted conductive yarns
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Jiang, Lili, Adeel Zulifqar, Abdul Moqeet Hai, Faiza Anwar, Hong Hu, Fengwei Liu, and Haizhen Chen. "Effect of using alternate elastic and non-elastic yarns in warp on shrinkage and stretch behavior of bi-stretch woven fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502211378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221137897.
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Stretch woven fabrics are known for their elastic and recovery properties. To date, they found many interesting applications from simple jeans to complex fabric structures with functional properties for example bi-stretch auxetic woven fabrics, compressions garments and stretchable textile carriers for healthcare applications. Many studies have been carried out on the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of stretchable knitted and woven fabrics. However, to identify combination of yarns with different stretch properties and other design parameters required to meet multiple objectives in the production and usage of bi-stretch woven fabrics is an area that has been taken up by fabric scientists recently. This study compared the effect of using elastic yarns and alternate elastic and non-elastic yarns in warp on the properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics while using elastic yarns in weft direction. It was found that shrinkage of the fabrics made of elastic yarns was higher along the warp direction as compared to that in weft direction due to shrinkage balancing effect; however, in case of fabrics made of alternate elastic and non-elastic yarns in warp the shrinkage behavior was exact opposite. The comparison of shrinkage for different weave patterns revealed that satin had the highest shrinkage followed by twill and plain, due to least number of interlacements in satin among these three patterns.
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Lou, Ching Wen, Yi Chang Yang, Chin Mei Lin, Ching Wen Lin, Lin Chao Chen, and Jia Horng Lin. "The Influence of Fabric Structures of the Woven Fabrics on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1994.
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Stainless steel (SS) blended yarns with electromagnetic interference (EMI) were made into woven fabrics, after which the fabrics were evaluated with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Parameters of laminated angle and the lamination number layers affected the fabrics’ EMSE differently. In addition, density of unidirectional SS yarns affected EMSE in frequency range of 200 to 500 MHz , so as the density of cross SS yarns on a frequency over 1000 MHz.
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Hyun, Ah Kim, and Jin Kim Seung. "Physical Properties and Wear Comfort of Bio-Fiber-Embedded Yarns and their Knitted Fabrics According to Yarn Structures." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0038.
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Abstract This study examined the physical properties of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)/Tencel/cotton air vortex yarns and the wear comfort of their knitted fabrics for high emotional garments. In fine yarn count, the initial modulus of the air vortex yarn was similar to the ring yarn because of the elastic property of the PTT fibers in the yarns. In particular, the thermal shrinkage of the air vortex yarns was higher than that of the ring yarns because of the sensible thermal shrinkage of the PTT fibers, which resulted in higher relaxation shrinkage of the air vortex knitted fabric than those of ring and compact knitted fabrics. On the basis of the wear comfort, the air vortex yarns are compatible with winter textile goods. The pilling of the air vortex knitted fabric was superior to that of the ring and compact yarns. The tactile hand of the air vortex yarn knitted fabrics was stiffer than that of the ring and compact yarn knitted fabrics. However, the harsh tactile hand of the air vortex knitted fabric was estimated to improve in the thinner fabrics by the low elastic modulus of fine yarn because of the PTT fibers in the air vortex yarns.
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Tao, X. M., W. K. Lo, and Y. M. Lau. "Torque-Balanced Singles Knitting Yarns Spun by Unconventional Systems." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 10 (October 1997): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706701006.
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This paper is the first part of a series reporting on the recent development of a yarn modification process to produce torque-balanced singles spun yarns. Taking advantage of the core-sheath structure of unconventionally spun yarns, we have developed a yarn modification process and applied it to singles yarns spun by rotor spinning, producing torque-free singles yarns from 100% cotton fibers. The spirality of the resultant single jersey knit fabrics is greatly reduced or, in some cases, completely eliminated. Properties and performance characteristics of both parent and modified yarns, as well as their resultant fabrics, are evaluated, including yarn tensile properties, surface properties, handle, air permeability, burst strength, and pilling resistance of the fabrics.
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Akgun, Mine. "Effect of Yarn Filament Fineness on the Surface Roughness of Polyester Woven Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000214.
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The effect of weft yarn filament fineness on the surface roughness of fabrics woven from polyester yarns through different fabric constructional properties was investigated. Warp yarn type and count and warp density were the same but weft yarn count, weft yarn filament fineness/numbers, and weft density were different for the fabrics in the experimental sub-groups. An objective assessment for surface roughness measurement of woven fabrics by using a stylus profilometer was made. Experimental results show that yarn filament fineness affected fabric porosity and fabric surface roughness. Fabrics with finer filaments could have a compact structure due to small porosity values between the filaments inside the yarns and between yarns themselves in fabrics. Closeness of yarns in fabric structure decreased differences between high and low peaks on fabric surface, and as a result fabric surface roughness decreased.
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Huang, Shuting, Lina Sun, Mengjuan He, Jingli Tang, and Liqian Huang. "Preparation and properties of polyimide air-jet textured yarns and their woven fabrics." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 13-14 (December 15, 2019): 1507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519894391.
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Two kinds of air-textured polyimide yarns with different overfeed ratios (0.5/2 and 8/8) were prepared by air-jet texturing technique, and three kinds of woven fabrics with similar tightness and thickness were produced with the same warp yarn but different weft yarns (polyimide flat yarn and the two air-jet textured polyimide yarns, respectively). The influence of air-jet textured yarn on the wearing properties of the fabrics was explored. The results show that, compared with the fabric containing polyimide flat yarn, the fabrics woven with polyimide air-jet textured yarns possess lower mechanical properties but have better air permeability, moisture permeability, heat resistance and luster. In addition, the smaller contact angle and larger wicking height of polyimide air-jet textured yarn fabrics indicate that the hydrophilicity of polyimide fabrics was improved. The effect of air-jet textured yarn on the hydrophilicity of polyimide fabrics was explained by Wenzel rough model and fabric surface roughness characteristics.
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Sitotaw, Dereje Berihun, and Biruk Fentahun Adamu. "Tensile Properties of Single Jersey and 1×1 Rib Knitted Fabrics Made from 100% Cotton and Cotton/Lycra Yarns." Journal of Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4310782.
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The tensile properties such as tensile strength which is measured as breaking force in Newton (N) and elongation percent (%) at break of single jersey and 1×1 rib (knitted with full needles) knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra yarns (5% Lycra yarn content in 95% combed cotton yarn) are investigated in this research. The sample fabrics are conditioned for 24 hours at20±1°C temperature and65±2% relative humidity before testing. Ten specimens (five for lengthwise and five for widthwise) have been taken from each of the two knitted structures, those made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra (at 95/5 percent ratio blend) yarns. According to the discussion and as found from the investigations, the tensile properties of single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra yarns are significantly different from each other and both of the knitted fabrics have high elongation percent at break with cotton/Lycra blend yarns as compared to 100% cotton yarn. Knitted fabrics made from cotton/Lycra blended yarn have low breaking force and high elongation percent at break relative to knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton yarns.
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Zhao, Li Huan, and Fu Mei Wang. "Shape Recoverability Mechanism of "PTT Shape Memory Fabric"." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1898.
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"Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) shape memory fabrics" have excellent shape recoverability, whose clothes are easy to take care. In order to study the mechanism of “PTT shape memory fabric"’s shape recoverability, test of removing yarns from fabrics and comparing their crease recoveries with those of fabrics was designed. Results showed that crease recovery ratios of "PTT shape memory fabrics" were about 36%, while those of yarns removed from them were nearly 80%. Therefore, the results revealed that PTT yarns had good recoverability, however, the high inter-filament frictional forces in the fabric offerring by tight weave structures prevented PTT yarns from recovering. When the applied force was large enough to overcome frictions between filaments, the fabric gained sufficient mobility, coupled with PTT filaments’ excellent elastic recovery properties, and gave excellent fabric crease recovery. Moreover, new test method was designed independently to test different kinds of yarns’ crease recovery angles, results had proved once more PTT yarns had good elastic recovery, and their crease recovery ratios were close those of wool yarns, while the crease recovery of natural silk and cotton were the worst.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Zhi Cai Yu, Jian Fei Zhang, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Techniques and Functional Properties of the Bamboo Charcoal/Antibacterial/Stainless Steel Metal Composite Woven Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 910 (March 2014): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.238.
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In this research, the B/A/S composite yarns were fabricated using the stainless steel wires as core yarn, antibacterial nylon and bamboo charcoal polyester filaments as inner wrapped yarn and outer wrapped yarn, respectively. The composite yarns with a wrapping number of 8, 11, 14 turns/cm were fabricated on a hollow spindle spinning machine. Furthermore, the composite fabrics were woven with the B/A/S composite yarns as weft yarns and the PET as the warp yarns. These fabrics were evaluated in terms of far infrared (FIR) emissivity and the air permeability. The presence of the bamboo charcoal was found to increase the FIR emissivity. The highest of the FIR emissivity was obtained when the weft yarns with a wrapping number of 11 turns/cm. The lamination numbers of the woven fabrics varied from 1-5 layers. The far infrared emissivity and air permeability of the woven fabrics was 0.94 and 268 cm3/cm2/s when the lamination numbers was 2 layers and the wrapping number was 11 turns/cm.
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Liu, Sai, Xingxing Pan, Dongming Zheng, Gui Liu, and Zhaoqun Du. "The manufacture and characterization of auxetic, self-curling, and self-folding woven fabrics by helical auxetic yarns." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718817559.
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Auxetic fabrics with traditional filaments and auxetic structures have been provided by knitting method; however, the auxetic behavior and applicability of woven fabric with auxetic yarns remain to be studied. Thus, the paper aims to present the special characters of woven fabrics with heliacal auxetic yarns. Auxetic yarns with the maximum value of Poisson's ratio −0.88 were used as weft yarns to do the weaving by the semi-automatic loom. Then the properties of the fabrics have been tested and analyzed under tensions of different directions (warp, weft, and diagonal). The results indicated that the fabric presented auxetic effect with the maximum value of Poisson's ratio −0.3 under diagonal tension and also showed self-curling and self-folding behavior in natural state. Moreover, the relationship between properties and fabric weaves was also discussed and analyzed. It is expected that the study of fabrics with helical auxetic yarns could promote the practical applications of auxetic textiles such as the self-folding property for smart cladding materials.
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Yuksekkaya, Mehmet Emin, Gizem Celep, Gamze Dogan, Mevlut Tercan, and Basak Urhan. "A Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 2 (June 2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100209.
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Products that are produced by various industries such as agriculture, food, mining, chemistry, and textile cannot meet the needs of humankind since the world's population continues to grow exponentially. Furthermore, the reduction in natural resources forced researchers to produce new synthetic products by utilization of technology and led them to study recycling of existing natural resources. This study compares some properties of yarns and fabrics produced by virgin and recycled polyester and cotton fibers. Virgin cotton, recycled cotton, virgin polyester, recycled polyester fibers, and blends of these fibers were used to manufacture open end rotor yarns. Single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Physical properties of yarns and fabrics such as tensile strength, unevenness, yarn imperfections, burst strength, pilling and coefficient of kinetic friction were measured and statistically compared. Although generally the properties of yarns and fabrics produced from virgin fibers were better than that of produced from recycled fibers, producing textile products with optimum quality is stressed in this study.
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Ceken, Fatma, Gulsah Pamuk, Ozan Kayacan, Ahmet Ozkurt, and Şebnem Seçkin Ugurlu. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Plain Knitted Fabrics Containing Conductive Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700404.
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In this study, stainless steel conductive yarns with 500 tex fineness and 14 Ω/m linear resistances were inserted into the reverse side of the knitted fabrics made from acrylic yarns. Six types of knitted fabrics with conductive yarns were produced on an E=7 gauge electronic flat bed knitting machine. Then the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMSE) of the sample fabrics were measured in the frequency range of 750 MHz – 3000 MHz. The EMSE variations of the sample fabrics having conductive yarns with respect to fabric structure and polarization type (vertical and horizontal) were also investigated. It was observed that the same samples showed different behaviors and have dissimilar EMSE values in different polarization conditions. When compared to horizontal polarization measurements, the vertical measurement results gave better EMSE values.
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Lin, Jia-Horng, Chin-Mei Lin, Chen-Hung Huang, An-Pang Chen, Chuan-Pin Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Physical Properties of Electrically Conductive Complex-Ply Yarns and Woven Fabrics Made from Recycled Polypropylene." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800104.
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Recycled industrial feedstocks can improve a textile firm's balance sheet while reducing and recycling garbage. In this study, recycled polypropylene nonwoven selvage/metal (PPNS/M) complex-ply yarns served as the weft yarns of complex woven fabrics. The core yarn of each complex-ply yarn was recycled PPNS with an area mass of 30 g/m2. Stainless steel wires wrapped each core yarn. Three combinations of materials were tested; type A used core yarns with no metals; type B used core yarns with stainless steel reinforcement wires; type C used core yarns with both stainless steel and copper reinforcement wires. For the manufacturing process, the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrap counts of the recycled PPNS/M complex-ply yarns were 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 turns/cm. We fabricated the PPNS/M complex-ply yarns into PPNS/M complex woven fabrics. We performed maximum breaking strength and elongation testing: the complex-ply yarns wrapped at 2.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires had a maximum breaking strength of 47.8 N and an elongation of 47.9%. Moreover, fabrics woven from those same yarns had a tensile strength of 637. 9 N and a tensile strain of 40.8%. Fabrics woven from yarns with a wrap count of 4.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires showed an optimum air permeability of 80 cm3/cm2/s. The lowest surface resistivity found with the fabric specimen woven with type C yarns, which was 28.2 Ω/sq.
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Kyzymchuk, Olena, Arzu Marmaralı, Liudmyla Melnyk, Nida Oğlakcıoğlu, Gözde Ertekin, Berna Cüreklibatır Encan, Svitlana Arabuli, and Arsenii Arabuli. "The effect of weft yarn type and elastomer yarn threading on the properties of elastic warp knitted fabrics. Part II: Thermal comfort properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502311715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250231171582.
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The aim of this study is to determine the performance properties of elastic warp-knitted fabrics used for medical purposes. The samples were knitted using different weft yarn material and changing the threading order of elastomer yarn. The detailed results of the dimensional and elasticity performance of elastic warp-knitted fabrics had been reported in Part I of this series. In this part, the effects of weft yarn material and the threading order of elastomer yarn on the thermal comfort characteristics were investigated. It has been seen that the type and linear density of the transverse weft yarns and the number of elastomer yarns in the fabric structure affected significantly the thermal comfort and permeability characteristics of the developed elastic warp-knitted fabrics. According to the results, using polyester yarns as weft and reducing the number of elastomer yarns led to an increase in air permeability. Additionally, the thermal conductivity characteristics of the fabrics increased as the number of elastomer yarns in the structure increased. It has been seen that from the results, the water vapour resistance coefficient of the samples is appropriate for the usage of these fabrics in medical products.
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Zulifqar, Adeel, Tao Hua, and Hong Hu. "Development of uni-stretch woven fabrics with zero and negative Poisson’s ratio." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 18 (June 17, 2017): 2076–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517715095.
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Fabrics with zero or negative Poisson’s ratio are referred as auxetic fabrics, which have the unusual property of lateral expansion or zero expansion upon stretch. The use of conventional materials and machinery to produce auxetic fabrics has gained the interest of researchers in recent years. However, this approach is limited to knitted fabrics only. The development of auxetic fabric using conventional yarns and weaving technology is a research area that is still unaddressed. This paper reports a study on the development of a novel class of stretchable auxetic woven fabrics by using conventional yarns and weaving machinery. The phenomenon of differential shrinkage was successfully employed to realize auxetic geometries capable of inducing auxetic behavior in woven fabrics, and a series of auxetic woven fabrics were fabricated with elastic and non-elastic yarns and a dobby machine. The uni-axial tensile tests showed that auxetic woven fabrics developed exhibited zero or negative Poisson’s ratio over a wide range of longitudinal strain.
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Islam, M. Nurul, S. M. Mahruf Hossain, Ayesha Khatton, Jahid Sarker, Helena Akhter Sikder, and A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury. "Production of Fabrics with Etherified Jute Blended Yarns." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2022.v07i03.005.
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Different fabrics were prepared by plain weaving with the blended yarns made of etherified jute fibre in the ratio of 50:50 with cotton, rayon and polyester. The physical properties of fabrics from blended yarns have been compared with those of cotton fabrics made with the same calculation 30 tex yarns. The mechanical properties of these fabrics were determined to monitor their serviceability in practical use and to ensure their suitability as jute blended cotton and synthetic fabrics. The softness and handling characteristics presented by the blending length and flexible firmness of the blended fabrics were much more comparable to that of the cotton fabrics with the indented fabric structure. The strength properties of etherified jute blended fabrics showed that the durability and serviceability of these fabrics was not much less than that of cotton fabrics due to any stress and deformation during use. It has also been observed that the blending of etherified jute with cotton, rayon, polyester or any other flexible fiber improves the draping properties of the fabrics made from it and in actual use these fabrics have almost the same bright look and firmness of cotton fabrics.
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Amran, Nadhirah Mohd, Mohd Rozi Ahmad, Mohamad Faizul Yahya, Amily Fikry, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, and Ruhil Amal Razali. "Some Studies on the Moisture Management Properties of Cotton and Bamboo Yarn Knitted Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 1134 (December 2015): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.225.
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This paper reports on the moisture management properties of fabrics made from yarns of 100% cotton, 100% bamboo and combination of bamboo and cotton yarns. The fabrics were knitted on a circular knitting machine and scoured before measuring them for moisture management capability, air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results showed that all fabrics have good overall moisture management capability which classified them as water penetration fabric with small spreading area. The fabric consisting of the combination of bamboo and cotton yarns of 83/17 ratio gave the highest air and water vapour permeability.
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Awgichew, Dessalegn, Santhanam Sakthivel, Mekdes Gedlu, and Meseret Bogale. "A Comparative Study on Physical and Comfort Properties of Yarns and Hand-woven Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Modern Materials 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmm.8.1.52-66.
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Products produced from textile industries cannot meet the needs for human kind since the population of the world grows exponentially; due to this the recycling of textile materials has gained massive importance in textile and clothing sector. In this study, it was aimed to analyse recycled fibers effect on the yarn and hand loom fabrics as their proportion increases. For this purpose, OE rotor yarns produced by varying the recycled fibers proportion at 25%, 50, and 75% and compared with 100% virgin cotton yarns. The physical and mechanical properties of the yarns such as unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, breaking force, elongation, were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, and Uster Tensorapid 3. Then after hand loom fabrics with plain and twill fabrics are produced from produced yarns of different recycled fiber proportions. The effects of recycled fiber proportion on produced hand-woven fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that yarns and fabrics produced from recycled fibers blended with virgin cotton are suitable for applications where the strength of yarns and fabric are less critical, but where unevenness, imperfections and handle properties required thus, hand loom fabrics Produced can suitably used for home furnishing applications like table cover, curtains, wall covers and pillow cases.
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Du, Zhao Qun, Gang Zheng, Hua Shen, and Wei Dong Yu. "Measurement of Multiple Mechanical Properties of Fabrics in One Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4480.
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The compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties of wool fabrics and yarns are of vital importance in the hung shape and virtual fitting of end-use textile products. A new apparatus has been developed for characterizing the above mechanical properties of wool fabrics and yarns through a single testing, and the corresponding modeling analysis for compressing, bending, weighting, friction, stretching and shearing properties were conducted and the corresponding characteristics were all measured just through one pulling out testing based on a three-point bending in principal. The compressing measurements for fabric and transversal cross-section yarn were conducted and could obtain the thickness under certain pressure and the low load and thickness curve. The bending modeling for small deflection was developed and adapted to the nonlinear relationship of bending moment and curvature, and the governing differential equation for bending rigidity was found. The weight of fabric in Gram per square meter and the linear density of yarn in Tex per unit length were both effectively and accurately calculated. The friction method was developed based on the Amonton’s Law, and the static and dynamic frictional coefficients were found. The tensile and shear properties under low stress were investigated and the corresponding characteristics, such as elastic modulus and shearing modulus, were obtained. Moreover, the fuzzy clustering analysis for handle of fabrics or yarns was utilized to classify and further verify the measured fabrics or yarns based on the mechanical properties mentioned above. Thereof, the comprehensive handle system for fabrics and yarns (briefly named CHS-FY) was necessarily self-designed and utilized to characterize the mechanical properties, which played a crucial role in quickly classifying the fabrics and yarns with different style. Meanwhile, the verifications of the comprehensive handle system for fabric and yarn was conducted, and indicated that there were in good agreement between theoretical and experimental results of mechanical properties of wool fabric and yarn, and showed that there existed high accuracy in classification with the fuzzy clustering analysis. Thereby, the comprehensive handle system for wool fabrics and yarns is effective and accurate in measuring the compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties and fast classifying the handle of wool fabrics and yarns.
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Kopitar, Dragana, Zeljka Pavlovic, Zenun Skenderi, and Zlatko Vrljicak. "Comparison of Double Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made of Regenerated Cellulose Conventional and Unconventional Yarns." TEKSTILEC 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2021026.
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The development of new spinning technologies has produced cheaper yarns and with it, research into the production and application of woven and knitted fabrics from unconventional yarns. The tensile properties of knitted fabrics made of regenerated cellulose fibres (viscose, Tencel™ and modal) of the same count (20 tex) using ring, rotor and air-jet spun yarn were studied. The force/elongation diagram was analysed in order to detect elastic and plastic areas as well as the area of elastoplastic deformations responsible for the behaviour of knitted fabrics. The yarn raw material affects the elastic area of knitted fabrics made from different yarn structures in the course direction whereby the highest elastic area was obtained in the case of ring spun yarns followed by air-jet and finally rotor spun yarns. Regardless of the raw material, the elastoplastic area of the knitted fabric in the wale direction is the lowest for ring spun yarns. There is no visible trend of knitted fabric elastoplastic areas in the wale direction regarding the yarn type and raw material.
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Faryś, Przemysław Krystian. "Colour black in eighteenth-century silk clothing fabrics’ design: Aesthetic value and durability issues of black yarns." Modus Prace z Historii Sztuki 23 (2024): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25453882mod.23.009.20215.
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The article concerns the use of colour black in multi-coloured patterns of silk clothing fabrics in the eighteenth century, and the state of preservation of black-coloured fragments of the patterns. Using colour black in multi-coloured compositions would introduce three-dimensionality and depth to the patterns. Both contrasts and sharp contours were built using colour black. Unfortunately, in many known surviving examples of silk fabrics, where the fragments of patterns were woven with black yarns, deterioration is more visible than in other fragments of the patterns, woven with yarns of other colours. The deterioration process of black yarns significantly and negatively affects the aesthetic value of multi- coloured patterns. Thus, it is extremely important to protect silk fabrics against external factors that would lead to further deterioration of black yarns. The analysis of black silk yarns was conducted using the examples of fabrics from the collections of the National Museum in Kraków, the National Museum in Warsaw, and the collection of the author of the article.
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Gültekin, E., H. İ. Çelik, and H. K. Kaynak. "A NEW APPROACH FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT WOVEN FABRIC PATTERNS AND THREAD DENSITIES WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (September 22, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.10.
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Fabrics produced from microfilaments are superior to conventional fiber fabrics, due to their properties such as light weight, durability, waterproofness, windproofness, breathability and drapeability. Tightly woven fabrics produced from microfilament yarns have a very compact structure due to small pore dimensions between the fibers inside the yarns and between yarns themselves. It is almost very difficult to distinguish the structures of densely woven fabrics with the visual evaluation. Therefore, it is very important to automatically determine the differences in the texture properties of such fabrics. Thanks to the developments in image acquision technology and image processing methods, the texture classification of fabrics can be estimated more quickly and reliably than visual inspection. In this study, the classification of high-density microfilament woven fabrics according to different texture types and thread density was achieved by using the ResNet-50 algorithm. The obtained results were evaluated in a confusion matrix form. The classification accuracy of the CNN algorithm was measured as 0.95 on average.
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Li, Xiaoying, Gaoming Jiang, Xiaolin Nie, Pibo Ma, and Zhe Gao. "Knitting Technologies And Tensile Properties Of A Novel Curved Flat-Knitted Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0006.
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AbstractThis paper introduces a knitting technique for making innovative curved three-dimensional (3D) spacer fabrics by the computer flat-knitting machine. During manufacturing, a number of reinforcement yarns made of aramid fibres are inserted into 3D spacer fabrics along the weft direction to enhance the fabric tensile properties. Curved, flat-knitted 3D spacer fabrics with different angles (in the warp direction) were also developed. Tensile tests were carried out in the weft and warp directions for the two spacer fabrics (with and without reinforcement yarns), and their stress–strain curves were compared. The results showed that the reinforcement yarns can reduce the fabric deformation and improve tensile stress and dimensional stability of 3D spacer fabrics. This research can help the further study of 3D spacer fabric when applied to composites.
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Laqraa, Chaimae, Manuela Ferreira, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, and Damien Soulat. "Elaboration by Wrapping Process and Multiscale Characterisation of Thermoplastic Bio-Composite Based on Hemp/PA11 Constituents." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070770.
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The present work investigates the potential of developing bio-composites based on thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibres by using hybrid yarns. The hybrid yarns were produced by the wrapping technique, in which a multifilament of polyamide 11 (PA11) was wrapped around an untreated low-twisted hemp roving to produce a yarn with sufficient tenacity and stiffness for the next step of weaving. The tensile behaviour of the wrapped yarns was identified both in the dry- and thermo-state. Then, two different fabrics were woven and tested to study the influence of yarn densities and weave diagrams on the tensile and flexural properties. At this fabric scale, properties of fabrics made from hybrid yarns were compared with those of fabrics from a previous study made from 100% hemp roving. Composites made from these fabrics, with stacking of two cross-plies, were produced by thermocompression and characterised regarding mechanical strength.
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Elrys, S. M., A. El-Hossini, and A. M. EL-Hadidy. "Evaluation of Combined Effect of Mercerized and Dyed Yarns on Physical Properties of Plain Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics." Journal of Textiles 2015 (December 13, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/989807.
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A combined effect of mercerized and dyed yarns on physical properties of plain single jersey knitted fabrics has been studied. Plied cotton yarn was produced and mercerized at different NaOH concentrations and temperatures. Then, this yarn was bleached and dyed with two types of dyes, vat dyeing and reactive dyeing. Each of mechanical and color properties were measured to these treated yarns. Plain single jersey knitted fabrics were produced from these treated yarns. The total evaluation of the properties for plain single jersey fabrics was measured by using radar chart method. It was found that the highest area of radar chart, which represents the total physical properties, is achieved at 32°Be′, in case of vat dyeing. Besides, analysis of variance (AVOVA) and MANOVA were applied to illustrate which of the properties would be affected by NaOH con. and types of dyeing for yarns and fabrics.
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Shcherban, Volodymyr, Oksana Kolysko, Gennadiy Melnyk, Marijna Kolysko, Yuriiy Shcherban, and Ganna Shchutska. "DETERMINATION OF TENSION FOR ARAMID AND CARBON YARNS WHILE WEAVING INDUSTRIAL FABRICS." Fibres and Textiles 29, no. 1 (March 2022): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2022-1-007.
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Resulting from researches conducted to determine tension for para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns during their contact with the operative parts of the weaving looms as part of the industrial fabrics formation process, we have found out that in threading areas the tension is increasing driven by variation of values of the friction forces in the contact area. It has been proven that tension degree of para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns before industrial fabric formation area is influenced by (1) tension before cylindrical guide surface of an operative part, (2) radius of the cylindrical guide surface curve of the operative part, (3) contact angle between yarns and cylindrical guide surface of an operative part, (4) mechanical, physical and structural properties of para-aramid, metaaramid, and carbon multifilament yarns. It allowed (yet at the initial stage of design of technological process of industrial fabric formation) to determine para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns tension before formation area depending on (1) form of threading line for yarns at the weaving loom, (2) mechanical, physical and structural properties of para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns and industrial fabrics. The paper contains experimental research of interaction of para-aramid, metaaramid, and carbon multifilament yarns and cylindrical guide surfaces of the operative parts of automatic weaving looms. Based on experimental researches regression dependencies have been obtained between para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns tension value after cylindrical guide surfaces of the operative part and (1) tension before cylindrical guide surface of the operative part, (2) radius of the cylindrical guide surface curve of the operative part, (3) contact angle between yarns and cylindrical guide surface of the operative part. Consecutive application of these regression dependencies allows to determine para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns tension before industrial fabrics formation area. Analysis of regression dependencies allowed to find out values of technological parameters when para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns tension before industrial fabrics formation area will be of minimum value. It will allow to minimize tension of para-aramid, metaaramid, and carbon multifilament yarns while manufacturing resulting in (1) yarn breakages reduction, (2) better productivity of weaving looms due to reduced stoppage time, (3) improved quality of manufactured industrial fabrics. Therefore, we can argue that suggested technological solutions are practically attractive. In view of this, it is reasonable to say that it is possible to directionally regulate the process of para-aramid, meta-aramid, and carbon multifilament yarns tension change while manufacturing industrial fabrics on the weaving looms through selection of values of guides’ geometrical parameters.
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Esi, Bestem, and Pınar Duru Baykal. "Investigation of tensile strength and elongation properties of chenille upholstery fabrics including recycling polyester yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502091604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020916040.
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Every day, millions of plastic and polyethylene terephthalate bottles are being thrown away by people. This leads not only to the reduction of landfills and increase in environmental problems but also to pollution of marine and oceans that affect the lives of many living things. Therefore, recycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles with recycling technologies has great environmental importance. In this study, recycled polyester yarns obtained by recycling waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles and standard polyester yarns were used in staple forms, as well as binder and pile yarns of the chenille yarn structure. In this context, 16 different chenille yarns were produced and the production parameters such as rotor speed, spindle speed, and pile density are kept constant by selecting the appropriate values. Then, these chenille yarns were used as weft to produce upholstery fabrics. Tensile strength and elongation tests were applied to the upholstery fabrics, and the results were evaluated statistically. As a result of the tensile strength tests and statistical analyses, it is concluded that the weft breaking strength of all types of woven fabrics, which have 100% recycled polyester in the structures of chenille yarns as weft, is slightly decreased compared to other types, but this decrease is not statistically significant. The use of recycled polyester yarns in the structures of chenille yarns, which are widely used in the upholstery sector, will be beneficial in producing more sustainable and eco-friendly fabrics.
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Tahvildar, Ali, Nazanin Ezazshahabi, and Fatemeh Mousazadegan. "Appearance and comfort properties considering yarn-spinning system and weave structure in worsted woven fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501984597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019845978.
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Worsted woven fabrics are considered as a prominent sort of outwear garments; the comfort and appearance properties of which have attracted the attention of researchers and producers. The fabric constructional parameters and the characteristics of yarns used for weaving this group of fabrics can affect their efficiency, comfort, and esthetic characteristics. In this regard, 16 sets of worsted fabrics with four various weave structures (plain, twill 2/1, twill 2/2, and hopsack 2/2) and four groups of yarns which were spun in different yarn-spinning systems (Solo, Siro, single-ply ring, and two-ply ring) were studied. The analysis of results revealed that the open structure and the movability of yarns in the fabric can improve the crease recovery angle, flexibility, air permeability, and water vapor permeability of the fabrics, while decreasing the abrasion and pilling resistance. In addition, the yarns that are spun in various spinning systems, due to their different level of compactness and the location of fibers in the yarn structure, can significantly affect the comfort and appearance properties of the fabrics.
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Huang, Canyi, Lina Cui, Yiping Qiu, and Chuyang Zhang. "Effects of inter-yarn friction on responses of woven fabrics with different weaves to a low-velocity impact." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502211497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221149705.
Full textAbstract:
Many researchers have reported that inter-yarn friction has an important effect on the response of the plain-weave fabric to an impact. However, the effects of inter-yarn friction on impact responses of woven fabrics with other weaves have not been studied in detail. In the present work, numerical analysis was utilized to study the effects of inter-yarn friction on responses of woven fabrics with different weaves (the plain weave, 2/2 twill, 2/2 basket, and 3/1 twill) to a low-velocity impact. Both inter-yarn friction and the weaves of the woven fabrics greatly influenced the responses of the fabrics to a low-velocity impact. The higher the inter-yarn friction, the higher the levels of the tensile stresses concentrated near the centers of impact of the woven fabrics, and the earlier the failures of the fabrics. In addition, the greater the inter-yarn friction, the higher the velocities of the transverse stress waves in the woven fabrics, and the more effective the distributions of impact energy from the primary yarns of the fabrics to the secondary yarns of the fabrics. Although it had the lowest velocity of the transverse stress wave, due to its firmly interlaced yarns, the plain-weave fabric had the highest total energy absorption capacity among the woven fabrics with the different weaves. On the other hand, due to its loosely interlaced yarns, the 3/1 twill fabric had the lowest total energy absorption capacity among the woven fabrics.
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Abou-Nassif, Ghada Ali. "A Comparative Study between Physical Properties of Compact and Ring Yarn Fabrics Produced from Medium and Coarser Yarn Counts." Journal of Textiles 2014 (November 23, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/569391.
Full textAbstract:
In compact spinning, fibers in drawing stage are condensed using air suction, which results in the produced yarns which significantly differ from ring spun yarns in their physical and mechanical properties. This study compares between physical properties of compact and ring yarn fabrics woven from coarser and medium yarn counts. The experimental results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The findings of this study revealed that woven fabrics produced from compact spun yarns are superior to those produced from ring spun yarns with respect to breaking strength, breaking elongation, abrasion resistance, tearing strength, and air permeability.
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Shaker, Khubab, Muhammad Umair, Madeha Jabbar, Danish Baitab, Yasir Nawab, Ali Afzal, and Sheraz Ahmad. "Effect of fabric structural design on the thermal properties of woven fabrics." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part B (2019): 3059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170707003s.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal properties of a certain fabric govern its end usage. The enhanced thermal resistance can help to use light weight fabric for cold conditions. The aim of this study was the development fabric with a particular structural design having enhanced thermal resistance, without any change in the constituent materials or any extra process. Fabric samples were produced using cotton and core spun elastane yarns along weft, in a specific sequence. The fabrics had either a flat or puckered appearance, depending on the arrangement of weft yarns. It was observed that the percentage of core spun yarns and fabric thickness had a significant effect on the thermal resistance of fabrics. A valuable difference in the thermal resistance of flat and seersucker (puckered) fabrics, having same construction was observed. It was found to be the effect of the characteristic puckered effect of the seersucker fabric. Statistical models were developed to predict the thermal resistance of flat fabrics using core spun yarns percentage and fabric thickness.