Journal articles: 'Yarn testing'

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Hardy, Dorothy Anne, Zahra Rahemtulla, Achala Satharasinghe, Arash Shahidi, Carlos Oliveira, Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Mohamad Nour Nashed, et al. "Wash Testing of Electronic Yarn." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051228.

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Electronically active yarn (E-yarn) pioneered by the Advanced Textiles Research Group of Nottingham Trent University contains a fine conductive copper wire soldered onto a package die, micro-electro-mechanical systems device or flexible circuit. The die or circuit is then held within a protective polymer packaging (micro-pod) and the ensemble is inserted into a textile sheath, forming a flexible yarn with electronic functionality such as sensing or illumination. It is vital to be able to wash E-yarns, so that the textiles into which they are incorporated can be treated as normal consumer products. The wash durability of E-yarns is summarized in this publication. Wash tests followed a modified version of BS EN ISO 6330:2012 procedure 4N. It was observed that E-yarns containing only a fine multi-strand copper wire survived 25 cycles of machine washing and line drying; and between 5 and 15 cycles of machine washing followed by tumble-drying. Four out of five temperature sensing E-yarns (crafted with thermistors) and single pairs of LEDs within E-yarns functioned correctly after 25 cycles of machine washing and line drying. E-yarns that required larger micro-pods (i.e., 4 mm diameter or 9 mm length) were less resilient to washing. Only one out of five acoustic sensing E-yarns (4 mm diameter micro-pod) operated correctly after 20 cycles of washing with either line drying or tumble-drying. Creating an E-yarn with an embedded flexible circuit populated with components also required a relatively large micro-pod (diameter 0.93 mm, length 9.23 mm). Only one embedded circuit functioned after 25 cycles of washing and line drying. The tests showed that E-yarns are suitable for inclusion in textiles that require washing, with some limitations when larger micro-pods were used. Reduction in the circuit’s size and therefore the size of the micro-pod, may increase wash resilience.

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DUBROVSKI, POLONA DOBNIK. "Breaking force analysis of cotton ring-spun yarns." Industria Textila 71, no. 03 (June 28, 2020): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1650.

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The most important factor influencing the production efficiency of final textile products made from yarns as well as the product performance are the tensile properties of the yarn. The breaking force of spun yarns, assessed with standard static procedure, depends on several parameters, one of them being the testing conditions. In our research, the effect of testing conditions (climatic conditions, the ratio gauge length/constant rate of extension and sampling, which refers to the number of yarn package and the position of package winding, taken from the bobbin) on the breaking force of 100% cotton ring-spun yarns was analyzed using the statistical evaluation method “ANOVA”. The results clearly indicate that indeed all input parameters of testing conditions have a statistically significant effect on the breaking force of the yarn. When we judge the suitability of yarns to withstand a certain tension produced by technological procedures, not only average breaking force should be focused on. The information regarding the tested minimum breaking force of yarn becomes very important regarding our decision whether yarn fulfills the prescribed value of breaking force.

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Erdumlu, Nazan, Bulent Ozipek, and William Oxenham. "The structure and properties of carded cotton vortex yarns." Textile Research Journal 82, no. 7 (January 19, 2012): 708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511433150.

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The properties and spinning limits of carded cotton vortex spun yarns were investigated through the progressive change in yarn count. The yarns were tested for structural and physical properties. Critical parameters were obtained, including the ratio of wrapper fibers to core fibers, proportion and average length of different structural classes in the yarn. The structural analysis revealed that the wrapper fibers constitute an increasing proportion of the fibers as the yarn becomes finer. Moreover, the proportion and average length of different structural classes in vortex spun yarns change with yarn count. The analysis of the data obtained from yarn testing showed that as the yarn becomes finer, the yarn becomes more uneven and the number of yarn imperfections markedly increase. On the other hand, the tensile properties of vortex spun yarns remain almost unchanged as the yarn gets finer.

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Liu, Shuang Shuang, Wei Tian, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Mechanical Property for the Combining Yarn of BF/GF and Polypropylene." Advanced Materials Research 910 (March 2014): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.127.

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In order to study the mechanical property for the combining yarn of BF/GF and polypropylene, 8 groups of combining yarn were designed and prepared. Through testing the mechanical property of the yarns, the affection of some parameters on the property of the yarns was analyzed. And following conclusions can be gotten. For BF/polypropylene combining yarn, when the fiber content of basalt is about 50.7%, the mechanical property of the yarn is the best. When the fiber content of basalt is about 43.7%, the mechanical property of the yarn is the worst. For GF/polypropylene combining yarn, the optimal and worst ratio is 55.42% and 44.4%, respectively.

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Zhu, Bo, Zhongjian Li, Xinwei Cao, Jianli Liu, and Weidong Gao. "Dynamic Measurement of Foam-Sized Yarn Properties from Yarn Sequence Images." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0030.

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Abstract Unlike the normal sizing method, the foam sizing had been proven to be a low-add-on technology. To investigate the effect of foam sizing, film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate were necessary to evaluate the performances of foam-sized yarns. However, the conventional image analysis of sized-yarn cross sections primarily relied on artificial testing with a low efficiency. This paper proposed a novel dynamic method to measure the sized-yarn properties including film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate based on yarn sequence images captured from a moving yarn. A method of dynamic threshold module was adopted to obtain threshold for segmenting yarns in the sequence images. K-means clustering algorithm was applied to segment pixels of the images into yarn and background. To further remove burrs and noise in the images, two judgment templates were carried out to extract the information of yarn core. The film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate were measured based on the yarn core of each frame in sequence images. In order to compare with the experimental results of the dynamic method, the yarn properties of the same samples were tested by static and artificial testing. Results revealed that the proposed method could efficiently and accurately detect the film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate.

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Pitz, Emil, Matei-Constantin Miron, Imre Kállai, and Zoltán Major. "NUMERICAL PREDICTIONS AND MECHANICAL TESTING OF BRAIDED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES UTILISING DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 7 (December 9, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.7.0043.

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The current paper is describing the implementation of a multiscale numerical model for prediction of stiffness and strength in braided composites. The model is validated by experimental testing of single-layer braided tubes under torsional loading utilising digital image correlation (DIC). For the numerical model the entire braided structure is modelled at yarn detail level, taking into account the yarn behaviour as well as individual yarn-to-yarn interactions by using cohesive contact definitions. By means of Hashin’s failure criteria and cohesive contact damage, failure of the yarns and failure of the yarn-to-yarn interface is being accounted for. Thereby the material failure behaviour can be predicted. For validation of the model, torsion tests of biaxially braided single-layer composite tubes were performed. The strain distribution at the specimen surface was studied using the DIC system ARAMIS in 3D mode.

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Ma, Qin, and Xue Feng Liu. "Comparative Research of the Sizing Performance of the Compact Spun-Yarn and Ring Spun-Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1425.

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The characteristics of the compact spun yarn were introduced, and the problems in the sizing process of compact spun yarns were analyzed. Because of the high size loading of the compact spun yarn, a large number of yarns break and the chubbiness of the fabric were affected. Aiming at the problems above, through sizing experiment and testing of the performance of the yarns, the differences between the compact spun yarn and the conventional ring spun yarn were analyzed. Comparing with the conventional ring spun yarn, the size loading rate of the compact spun yarn was reduced about 1 to 3.5 percentage points under the same equipment conditions and sizing techniques. To obtain the same strength and hairiness sticking effect, the size loading of the compact spun yarn can be 5 to 6 percentage points lower than that of the conventional ring spun yarn. Sizing materials can be saved, and the cost of the sizing process could reduced by 50%.

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Flory, J. F., M. Goksoy, and J. W. S. Hearle. "Yarn-on-yarn Abrasion Testing of Rope Yarns. Part I: The Test Method." Journal of the Textile Institute 79, no. 3 (January 1988): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008808658276.

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Krupincová, G., and J. Hatipoglu. "Testing of yarn abrasion." Autex Research Journal 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2013): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10304-012-0019-3.

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Abstract There exist a lot of methodologies, which can be used for yarn quality testing. Abrasion resistance and its measurement for raw and sized yarn can help in the judgment of yarn weaving-ability. This article concentrates on the possibility of yarn abrasion expression and testing. Relation among fiber material characteristics, selected yarn structural, and mechanical parameters is discussed and a few experimental results are shown.

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Peiffer, Julie, KyoungOk Kim, Hiroaki Yoshida, and Masayuki Takatera. "Measurement of torsional rigidity of yarns with different crimps." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 6 (December 23, 2016): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516685283.

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The effect of crimp on torsional rigidity of monofilament and cotton spun yarns was studied. Two kinds of polymeric monofilament yarns and four kinds of cotton spun yarns were examined. Different crimps were applied to the yarn using original crimp setting equipment. To fix the crimp, the polymeric monofilaments were treated with heat, and the cotton spun yarns were treated with steam. The test samples were then produced following two protocols: with or without the application of weight. The yarn torsional rigidities with crimp were measured using a torsional measurement device, and were compared with those without crimp. Almost no weight was applied to the cotton spun yarns to preserve the crimp during testing. The results with and without the application of weight were compared. For the monofilament yarns, the torsional rigidities of the crimped yarns had a linear relationship with the crimp ratio. For the cotton spun yarns, the torsional rigidities of the crimped yarns were smaller than those of the straight yarns. The smaller the yarn count, the smaller the yarn torsional rigidity. The effect of crimp on torsional rigidity differed according to the yarn counts. There was almost no difference in crimped yarn torsional rigidity between the straightened and non-straightened yarns after crimp setting. Therefore, there is a possibility that the change in yarn properties could have resulted from the bending of the fiber during crimp setting, and not from the shape of the crimp afterwards.

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Peiffer, Julie, KyoungOk Kim, and Masayuki Takatera. "Verification of the effect of yarn torsional rigidity on fabric bending rigidity in any direction." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 4 (July 22, 2016): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516631321.

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The effect of yarn torsional rigidity was verified on the Cooper model for fabric bending rigidity in any direction. We made five cotton fabrics with different weft densities and prepared three commercial fabrics as experimental samples. The torsional rigidity of yarn from the bobbin and that of yarn directly extracted from fabric were measured with a yarn torsional tester. The bending rigidity of yarn from the bobbin was measured using the same pure bending tester as used in fabric bending testing. The bending rigidity of thin fabric was calculated using torsional rigidities of yarns extracted from the fabric and showed better agreement with the experimental values than that calculated using the torsional rigidity of yarn from the bobbin. Indeed, measurements showed that the torsional rigidity of yarn from the bobbin was appreciably higher than the torsional rigidity of yarn from the fabric. This is due to the crimp in the yarn. The fabric bending rigidity can be predicted using the Cooper model with torsional rigidities of yarns extracted from the fabric.

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Versluis, Cokki, Gerard Krooshof, and Fons van Gulick. "Thermal-Impact Damage of Polyamide and Polyester Yarns." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 3 (March 1997): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700309.

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Thermal impact, that is, the effect of short duration contact between hot objects and polyamide or polyester yarns, is analyzed in relation to the temperature of the hot object and the tension of the yarn. Thermal impact is of practical importance in high speed and heavy duty sewing and in the inflation of uncoated automotive airbags. Yarn damage by thermal impact can be analyzed by visual inspection or by measuring the loss of properties. The melting point and the specific latent heat of the yarn are the main parameters of thermal impact. Polyamide 4,6 yarn performs better than polyamide 6,6, polyester, and polyamide 6 yarns in thermal-impact testing, because it has a higher melting point and a higher specific latent heat.

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Goksoy, M., and J. W. S. Hearle. "Yarn-on-yarn Abrasion Testing of Rope Yarns. Part II: The Influence of Machine Variables." Journal of the Textile Institute 79, no. 3 (January 1988): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008808658277.

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Goksoy, M., and J. W. S. Hearle. "Yarn-on-yarn Abrasion Testing of Rope Yarns. Part III: The Influence of Aqueous Environments." Journal of the Textile Institute 79, no. 3 (January 1988): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008808658278.

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Zhou, J., A. Pellegrino, U. Heisserer, P. W. Duke, P. T. Curtis, J. Morton, N. Petrinic, and V. L. Tagarielli. "A new technique for tensile testing of engineering materials and composites at high strain rates." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2229 (September 2019): 20190310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0310.

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A new test technique and bespoke apparatus to conduct high strain rate measurements of the tensile response of materials are presented. The new test method is applicable to brittle solids and composites as well as high-performance fibres, yarns and tapes used in composite construction. In this study, the dynamic response of monolithic poly(methyl methacrylate) and unidirectional composites based on Dyneema® tape, Dyneema® SK75 yarn and Kevlar® 49 yarn are explored. The technique allows early force equilibrium and yields valid tensile stress–strain curves, which include part of the elastic material response. The new method also enables investigation of size effects in tape and yarn materials, allowing testing of specimens of arbitrary length.

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Memarian, Farnaz, Mohammad Amani Tehran, and Masoud Latifi. "Characterization of photocatalytic composite nanofiber yarns with respect to their tensile properties." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (November 25, 2016): 921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716679156.

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In this paper, nylon 66/TiO2 composite nanofiber yarn has been developed using electrospinning method. The effect of the TiO2 nanoparticle content on the physical and tensile properties of the resulted composite nanofiber yarns has been extensively investigated using SEM, EDX, FTIR and mechanical testing machine. The probability density function is computed to model the diameter distribution of nanofibers constituent of the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO2. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun composite nanofiber yarn decreases its tensile strength. The influence of thickness (diameter) and twist of the yarn on its tensile strength has been considered and the optimum conditions with improved tensile strength have been presented. Photoactivity of the composite yarns is tested against Rhodamine B (RhB). Results show that nanocomposite yarns are effective to be used as an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst in water remediation processes. They are not dispersed in the solution and can be removed easily without additional and costly steps of filtration or centrifuge.

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Liang, Jun, Lian Ying Zhao, and Bo Jun Xu. "Measurement Slub Yarn Parameter by Parallel-Plate Capacitor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1964.

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Process Parameter of slub yarn determine style of its fabric. A new method of measuring process parameter of slub yarn was put forward to improve precision and efficient . The basic principal of parallel-plate capacitor was introduced in this paper. And sample yarns were tested with test system of slubby yarn developed by ourselves. Time sequence for slub length and slub space of slubby yarn can be gotten. And distribution of slub length , slub space and slub scaling factor can also be obtained. The agreement can be attained compared with those original setting. Some error was analyzed also. Consequently this testing system is effectively, and can be adopted in practice.

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Sitotaw, Dereje Berihun, and Biruk Fentahun Adamu. "Tensile Properties of Single Jersey and 1×1 Rib Knitted Fabrics Made from 100% Cotton and Cotton/Lycra Yarns." Journal of Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4310782.

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The tensile properties such as tensile strength which is measured as breaking force in Newton (N) and elongation percent (%) at break of single jersey and 1×1 rib (knitted with full needles) knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra yarns (5% Lycra yarn content in 95% combed cotton yarn) are investigated in this research. The sample fabrics are conditioned for 24 hours at20±1°C temperature and65±2% relative humidity before testing. Ten specimens (five for lengthwise and five for widthwise) have been taken from each of the two knitted structures, those made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra (at 95/5 percent ratio blend) yarns. According to the discussion and as found from the investigations, the tensile properties of single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/Lycra yarns are significantly different from each other and both of the knitted fabrics have high elongation percent at break with cotton/Lycra blend yarns as compared to 100% cotton yarn. Knitted fabrics made from cotton/Lycra blended yarn have low breaking force and high elongation percent at break relative to knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton yarns.

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Souza, Clara Silvestre, and José Ubiragi Mendes. "Chemical and Physical Variations on Cotton Wires." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.613.

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Cotton is a hydrofilic textile fiber and, for this reason, it changes its properties according to the environment changes. Moisture and Temperature are the two most important factors that lead a cotton Spinning sector and influence its quality. Those two properties can change the entire Spinning process. Understanding this, moisture and temperature must be kept under control when used during the Spinning process, once the environment is hot and dry, the cotton yarns absorb moisture and lose the minimal consistency. According to this information, this paper was developed testing four types of cotton yarns, one kind of cotton from Brazil and the others from Egypt. The yarns were exposed to different temperatures and moisture in five different tests and in each test, six samples that were examined through physical and mechanical tests: resistance, strength, tenacity, yarn´s hairness, yarn´s evenness and yarn´s twisting. All the analysis were accomplished at Laboratório de Mecânica dos Fluídos and at COATS Corrente S.A., where, it was possible to use the equipments whose were fundamental to develop this paper, such as the STATIMAT ME that measures strength, tenacity, Zweigler G566, that measure hairiness in the yarn, a skein machine and a twisting machine. The analysis revealed alterations in the yarn´s characteristics in a direct way, for example, as moisture and temperature were increased, the yarn´s strength, tenacity and hairness were increased as well. Having the results of all analysis, it is possible to say that a relatively low temperature and a high humidity, cotton yarns have the best performance.

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Yavas, Arzu, Ozan Avinc, and Görkem Gedik. "Ultrasound and Microwave Aided Natural Dyeing of Nettle Biofibre (Urtica dioica L.) with Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.)." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2855.

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The success of suture yarn depends upon its tensile and bending properties. As sutures pass through the tissue, it should possess enough strength to hold the tissue together and should be flexible so as to be knotted. The aim of the present work was to improve the strength of silk suture without affecting its bending properties. Silk sutures were fabricated using a circular braiding machine. Structural variations were made by varying the diameter and by producing core sheath suture yarn. The resulting suture yarn is coated with chitosan – a biopolymer. The mechanical performances of suture materials coated with and without chitosan were studied and compared with commercial suture. It was observed that the suture with a core-sheath structure performed well during tensile and knot testing. The coarser yarns exhibited higher bending rigidity and lower knot strength than the finer suture yarns.

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Sugathan, Manju, Tom Cassidy, and Bruce Carnie. "The development and evaluation of a speciality handknitting yarn using appropriate technology for the empowerment of women in rural India." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 20, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-03-2016-0005.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is about understanding an existing situation in a South Indian village and developing a strategy to produce and market speciality hand knitting yarn, involving the unpaid labour (women) in the handloom industry. An observation method (field study) is used to identify an appropriate method for the design and development of speciality yarns. Design/methodology/approach Participatory action research is a recursive process that identifies methods leading to the choice of appropriate technology (AT) for the production of speciality yarn. A field study observation method was carried out to identify an AT that is acceptable for the community considering their socio-cultural background of the society. Once the technology (AT) was identified to design the speciality yarn, the research then tests the quality and marketability of the yarn. Findings The method used for product design and quality testing can be adapted by researchers and designers to develop craft items that can build a platform to start a small-scale business. The research describes a model/framework that could be used/investigated by other bodies in the future. Research limitations/implications The limitation of AT and the approach taken for research cannot be clearly identified without testing the production method with the women in the village. Originality/value This research confirms that along with identifying a sustainable method of production for speciality yarn, it is very essential to ensure the quality of the product that can compete with other market-available hand knitting yarns.

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Schwarz, Ivana, Stana Kovačević, and Ivana Vitlov. "Influential Parameters of Starching Process on Mechanical Properties of Yarns Intended for Multifunctional Woven Fabrics for Thermal Protective Clothing." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010073.

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The investigation of influential parameters of the starching process on mechanical properties of yarns intended for multifunctional woven fabrics for thermal protective clothing was performed on four different yarn samples starched on an innovative starching machine, adapted to industrial starching conditions. The starching was conducted with two different processes with different starch mass concentrations: the standard starching process and a newer starching process (with yarn prewetting). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that starching positively affects all the properties of tested samples and that the increase of starch mass concentration is not accompanied by the improvement of those yarn properties. Synthetic polymer fibers that achieve satisfactory yarn strength need to be starched with lower starch mass concentrations in order to retain the breaking properties and to be protected from abrasion and static electricity, which occurs during the weaving process. The yarn prewetting starching process shows significantly better results than the standard starching process, especially for aramid yarns, where abrasion resistance increased from 42 to 135%. Therefore, we can conclude that the goal of starching such yarns is aimed at increasing the wear resistance. Linear regressions and correlations between the values of breaking properties and abrasion resistance obtained by the testing and their values that were estimated by the analysis show a high correlation coefficient.

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Narkhedkar, Ramesh. "A novel method of yarn cross-sectional area calculation." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 20, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-01-2013-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the yarn cross-section shape which is a very important yarn physical parameter and has a dominant effect on the physical structure of the yarn. Four factors affecting the yarn cross section, i.e. twist multiplier, Roving hank, spinning system and doubling technique, were investigated. Design/methodology/approach In past researches, the yarn cross-sectional area was calculated by considering any one yarn radius giving the approximate yarn cross-sectional area by assuming the yarn as a circular one. Findings In this study, a testing instrument is fabricated as shown in Plates 1 and 2 for yarn cross-section measurement and a novel method for calculating the correct yarn cross-sectional area of the yarn was developed. Originality/value In the past, no such studies have been conducted on the yarn cross-section studies because of the various limitations of the yarn cross-section measuring or testing instruments.

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Qiu, Yu Ying. "Performance Testing for Bamboo Charcoal Knitting Fabrics of Different Structures." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1977.

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In this paper, the eco combination yarns of bamboo carbon fiber and cotton fiber which have the same yarn count are used to knit four structures by computerized flat knitting machine such as plain jersey, half cardigan stitch, milano rib stitch and half-milano rib stitch. Through testing, comparing and analyzing on drape, air permeability, moisture absorption and bursting strength, the results show that the plain jersey knitted products are the best.

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Unger, Reimar, Philipp Schegner, Andreas Nocke, and Chokri Cherif. "Technological Development of a Yarn Grip System for High-Speed Tensile Testing of High-Performance Fibers." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0014.

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Abstract Particularly in terms of carbon fiber (CF) rovings and further high performance fibers, it is a highly demanding task to clamp technical yarns with low elongations at break during high-speed tensile tests due to their sensitivity to shear stress. For fibers to be tested, a low elongation at break results in short testing times and requires high acceleration. In this paper, four different yarn grips that can be applied with various test machines will be introduced and compared to a wedge screw grip. By using most sensitive CF rovings, advantages and disadvantages of these gripping devices will be qualitatively evaluated by means of testing machines with test speeds of up to 20 m/s and strain rates of up to 200 s−1, respectively. Hence, the reproducibility and precision of test results were considerably enhanced by optimizing the geometry and mass of yarn grips. Moreover, theoretical approaches and calculations for the design of yarn grips suitable for test speeds of up to 100 m/s will be presented.

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De Luca, Lloyd B., and Devron P. Thibodeaux. "Comparison of Yarn Tenacity Data Obtained using the Uster Tensorapid, Dynamat II, and Scott Skein Testers." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 3 (March 1992): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200309.

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High speed yarn tensile testing machines increase production of yarn tensile data, but no comparisons with data from older, slow speed testing machines have been successful in determining whether these machines produce the same results. This work compares yarn tenacity data from three different machines. A family of five ring spun yarn sizes, each with five different twist factors, covers the entire range of spinning parameters for staple fibers. A new method used to analyze yarn data to determine the number of broken fibers and the effective fiber length acting in each yarn converts yarn tenacity into tenacity per broken fiber per effective fiber length. Converted yarn data from each machine show the effects of the time-to-break on tenacity and how the single strand yarn tensile test differs from one machine to another and with skein tensile test results.

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Du, Zhao Qun, Gang Zheng, Hua Shen, and Wei Dong Yu. "Measurement of Multiple Mechanical Properties of Fabrics in One Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4480.

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The compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties of wool fabrics and yarns are of vital importance in the hung shape and virtual fitting of end-use textile products. A new apparatus has been developed for characterizing the above mechanical properties of wool fabrics and yarns through a single testing, and the corresponding modeling analysis for compressing, bending, weighting, friction, stretching and shearing properties were conducted and the corresponding characteristics were all measured just through one pulling out testing based on a three-point bending in principal. The compressing measurements for fabric and transversal cross-section yarn were conducted and could obtain the thickness under certain pressure and the low load and thickness curve. The bending modeling for small deflection was developed and adapted to the nonlinear relationship of bending moment and curvature, and the governing differential equation for bending rigidity was found. The weight of fabric in Gram per square meter and the linear density of yarn in Tex per unit length were both effectively and accurately calculated. The friction method was developed based on the Amonton’s Law, and the static and dynamic frictional coefficients were found. The tensile and shear properties under low stress were investigated and the corresponding characteristics, such as elastic modulus and shearing modulus, were obtained. Moreover, the fuzzy clustering analysis for handle of fabrics or yarns was utilized to classify and further verify the measured fabrics or yarns based on the mechanical properties mentioned above. Thereof, the comprehensive handle system for fabrics and yarns (briefly named CHS-FY) was necessarily self-designed and utilized to characterize the mechanical properties, which played a crucial role in quickly classifying the fabrics and yarns with different style. Meanwhile, the verifications of the comprehensive handle system for fabric and yarn was conducted, and indicated that there were in good agreement between theoretical and experimental results of mechanical properties of wool fabric and yarn, and showed that there existed high accuracy in classification with the fuzzy clustering analysis. Thereby, the comprehensive handle system for wool fabrics and yarns is effective and accurate in measuring the compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties and fast classifying the handle of wool fabrics and yarns.

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Wu, Liwei, Wei Wang, Qian Jiang, Chunjie Xiang, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Mechanical Characterization and Impact Damage Assessment of Hybrid Three-Dimensional Five-Directional Composites." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091395.

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The effects of braided architecture and co-braided hybrid structure on low-velocity response of carbon-aramid hybrid three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites were experimentally investigated in this study. Low-velocity impact was conducted on two types of hybridization and one pure carbon fiber braided reinforced composites under three velocities. Damage morphologies after low-velocity impact were detected by microscopy and ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Interior damages of composites were highly dependent on yarn type and alignment. Impact damage tolerance was introduced to evaluate the ductility of hybrid composites. Maximum impact load and toughness changed with impact velocity and constituent materials of the composites. The composite with aramid fiber as axial yarn and carbon fiber as braiding yarn showed the best impact resistance due to the synergistic effect of both materials. Wavelet transform was applied in frequency and time domain analyses to reflect the failure mode and mechanism of hybrid 3D5d braided composites. Aramid fibers were used either as axial yarns or braiding yarns, aiding in the effective decrease in the level of initial damage. In particular, when used as axial yarns, aramid fibers effectively mitigate the level of damage during damage evolution.

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29

Zhao, Qian Juan, and Ya Nan Jiao. "Study on the Tensile Properties of the High-Performance Cored Rope." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.210.

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The tensile property of two-dimensional (2-D) braided cored ropes with high-performance is investigated and found that braiding angle has an evident fluence on the tensile characteristic.In the skin-core structure, the core yarns are straight and parallel with each other ,and have a larger percentage than those in other style of cored rope. The tensile strength and breaking elongation of the samples with different braiding angle is tested by Shimadzu universal testing machine. The load-displacement curves of the rope are drawn and analyzed. It shows that of the tensile fracture mechanism is different from the other structural ropes, and the straight state of the core yarns leads to higher utilization of fiber strength. The results also indicate that braiding angle has a great influence on the strength and breaking elongation of cored rope. In the five samples, the sample with 30°has the both ideal tensile strength and ideal elongation. Beyond the angle, the greater braiding angle is, the much more closely the core yarns are wrapped. The greater friction between fibers of core yarn decreased motion of the fiber in core yarn, some of them was fractured before all the yarns were straighten. The utilization of the braiding yarn fiber strength decreased.

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30

Wang, Yun Ying, Qi Lan Huang, and Gong Yuan Yang. "The Application of Intelligent Laser Sensor on Yarn Quality Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.35.

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In order to improve the modernization of textile production, single off-line testing will miss a lot of information of work-field. It is necessary to improve the yarn quality testing methods to make it more perfect. So the production will grow toward the rapid, high yield, high-quality. In this study, only a sensor that is Intelligent laser sensor is used to finish the yarn quality on line testing. Experimental device is easy to install and carry. It can print images and data at all times. The accurate information of equipment state and yarn can be got from the experimental curve and the trend figure, which improved the inspection efficiency and accuracy of yarn quality.

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31

Sockalingam, Subramani, John W. Gillespie, and Michael Keefe. "Modeling the fiber length-scale response of Kevlar KM2 yarn during transverse impact." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 18 (September 20, 2016): 2242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516669074.

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In this study, transverse impact of a cylindrical projectile onto a 600 denier Kevlar KM2 yarn (400 individual fibers) is studied using a fiber length-scale three-dimensional finite element model to better understand projectile–fiber and fiber–fiber contact interactions on wave propagation and fiber failure within the yarn. A short time scale response indicates significant transverse compressive deformation in the fiber that increases with impact velocity. Fiber-level modeling predicts a flexural wave that induces curvatures in the fibers significant enough to induce compressive fiber kinking and fibrillation. A spreading wave normal to the direction of projectile impact develops and spreads the fibers at high velocity. The models predict bounce velocities of the individual fibers within the yarn that varies based on spatial location. These mechanisms result in non-uniform loading and progressive failure of fibers within the yarn. In addition, the models show a gradient in the axial tensile stress in the fiber cross-section at the location of failure. Current state-of-the-art experimental capabilities in yarn/fabric impact testing do not have the spatial resolution to track individual single-fiber micron length-scale deformations in real time. These fiber-level mechanisms may explain the experimentally observed lower breaking speed for yarns better the classic Smith solution, which assumes yarns are homogenous (i.e. individual fibers and their interactions are not considered) and loaded uniformly in tension (multi-axial loading and stress gradients are neglected).

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32

Yang, Zhong Cheng, and Lan Ping Shen. "Effect of Blended Ratio on Strength and Elongation Properties of Outlast /Viscose Blended Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.407.

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In order to study the effect of different blended ratios on strength and elongation properties of Outlast/viscose blended yarn, ten kinds of blended yarns had been designed and spun. The blended ratios were Outlast/viscose 0/100, 15/85, 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 50/50, 60/40, 100/0. By testing the strength and elongation properties of the blended yarn, the effect of blended ratio on blended yarn’s breaking tenacity and elongation rate was analysed. The results showed that, with the increase of blended ratio, the breaking tenacity and breaking elongation rate of the blended yarn both presented a downward trend. But when Outlast/viscose blended ratio was 35:65, breaking elongation rate had a maximum value. When blended ratio was 45:55, breaking tenacity had a maximum value, which should be used in practice.

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33

Pan, Ning, Radko Kovar, Mehdi Kamali Dolatabadi, Ping Wang, Diantang Zhang, Ying Sun, and Li Chen. "Origin of tensile strength of a woven sample cut in bias directions." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (May 2015): 140499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140499.

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Textile fabrics are highly anisotropic, so that their mechanical properties including strengths are a function of direction. An extreme case is when a woven fabric sample is cut in such a way where the bias angle and hence the tension loading direction is around 45° relative to the principal directions. Then, once loaded, no yarn in the sample is held at both ends, so the yarns have to build up their internal tension entirely via yarn–yarn friction at the interlacing points. The overall fabric strength in such a sample is a result of contributions from the yarns being pulled out and those broken during the process, and thus becomes a function of the bias direction angle θ , sample width W and length L , along with other factors known to affect fabric strength tested in principal directions. Furthermore, in such a bias sample when the major parameters, e.g. the sample width W , change, not only the resultant strengths differ, but also the strength generating mechanisms (or failure types) vary. This is an interesting problem and is analysed in this study. More specifically, the issues examined in this paper include the exact mechanisms and details of how each interlacing point imparts the frictional constraint for a yarn to acquire tension to the level of its strength when both yarn ends were not actively held by the testing grips; the theoretical expression of the critical yarn length for a yarn to be able to break rather than be pulled out, as a function of the related factors; and the general relations between the tensile strength of such a bias sample and its structural properties. At the end, theoretical predictions are compared with our experimental data.

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34

Lin, Jia-Horng, Chin-Mei Lin, Chen-Hung Huang, An-Pang Chen, Chuan-Pin Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Physical Properties of Electrically Conductive Complex-Ply Yarns and Woven Fabrics Made from Recycled Polypropylene." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800104.

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Recycled industrial feedstocks can improve a textile firm's balance sheet while reducing and recycling garbage. In this study, recycled polypropylene nonwoven selvage/metal (PPNS/M) complex-ply yarns served as the weft yarns of complex woven fabrics. The core yarn of each complex-ply yarn was recycled PPNS with an area mass of 30 g/m2. Stainless steel wires wrapped each core yarn. Three combinations of materials were tested; type A used core yarns with no metals; type B used core yarns with stainless steel reinforcement wires; type C used core yarns with both stainless steel and copper reinforcement wires. For the manufacturing process, the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrap counts of the recycled PPNS/M complex-ply yarns were 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 turns/cm. We fabricated the PPNS/M complex-ply yarns into PPNS/M complex woven fabrics. We performed maximum breaking strength and elongation testing: the complex-ply yarns wrapped at 2.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires had a maximum breaking strength of 47.8 N and an elongation of 47.9%. Moreover, fabrics woven from those same yarns had a tensile strength of 637. 9 N and a tensile strain of 40.8%. Fabrics woven from yarns with a wrap count of 4.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires showed an optimum air permeability of 80 cm3/cm2/s. The lowest surface resistivity found with the fabric specimen woven with type C yarns, which was 28.2 Ω/sq.

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35

Nilakantan, Gaurav. "Experimentally validated predictive finite element modeling of the V0-V100 probabilistic penetration response of a Kevlar fabric against a spherical projectile." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (June 5, 2018): 504–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618776332.

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This work presents the first fully validated and predictive finite element modeling framework to generate the probabilistic penetration response of an aramid woven fabric subjected to ballistic impact. This response is defined by a V0-V100 curve that describes the probability of complete fabric penetration as a function of projectile impact velocity. The exemplar case considered in this article comprises a single-layer, fully clamped, plain-weave Kevlar fabric impacted at the center by a 0.22 cal spherical steel projectile. The fabric finite element model comprises individually modeled three-dimensional warp and fill yarns and is validated against the experimental material microstructure. Sources of statistical variability including yarn strength and modulus, inter-yarn friction, and precise projectile impact location are mapped into the finite element model. A series of impact simulations at varying projectile impact velocities is executed using LS-DYNA on the fabric models, each comprising unique mappings. The impact velocities and outcomes (penetration, non-penetration) are used to generate the numerical V0-V100 curve which is then validated against the experimental V0-V100 curve obtained from ballistic impact testing and shown to be in excellent agreement. The experimental data and its statistical analysis used for model input and validation, namely, the Kevlar yarn tensile strengths and moduli, inter-yarn friction, and fabric ballistic impact testing, are also reported.

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36

Porat, I., K. Greenwood, and S. Saharkhiz. "Problems and Perspectives of Continuous Yarn Testing." Journal of the Textile Institute 91, no. 3 (January 2000): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000008659545.

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37

Xia, Zhigang, Xin Liu, KeZuo Wang, Bo Deng, and Weilin Xu. "A novel analysis of spun yarn hairiness inside limited two-dimensional space." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 21-22 (April 10, 2019): 4710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519841368.

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Surface hairiness of spun yarns is critical to the yarn post-processing deficiency and resultant fabric quality. Several test methods are available for measuring yarn hairiness but they cannot detect the accurate hair amount and precise hair length. This paper provides a novel method to perform accurate hairiness tests on the spun yarn. A new test apparatus was devised by installing a blowing pipe outside of the hairiness testing area comprising a projection receiver and a corresponding laser. The rectangle end plane of the blowing pipe air inlet is vertical to the laser plane and tangent to the edge line of the projection receiver surface. Pressure generated through this inlet stretches yarn wild hairiness straightly in one direction, and fully maps accurate hairiness amount and length configuration on the projection receiver surface. The subsequent measurement showed that this novel test apparatus detected more hairiness with improved accuracy in both number and length of hairiness. Approximately real gravimetric hairiness weight can be obtained by this method which is impracticable for other conventional photoelectric apparatus.

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38

Basra, Sikander Abbas, Zeeshan Azam, Norina Asfand, Sohaib Anas, Khurram Iftikhar, and Muhammad Awais Irshad. "Development of interlock knitted seersucker fabric for better comfort properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502096300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020963009.

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The need for innovative fabrics has rapidly increased in recent years, owing to their cost effective with good aesthetic and comfort properties. Seersucker fabrics are cost effective fabric structure with good aesthetic and comfort properties produced by modification in material or in fabric structures. The main purpose of this research work is to develop seersucker fabric on interlock machine through using different yarns and stripes height. Puckering effect on knitted fabric obtained using elastane covered yarn with simple cotton yarn and relaxation of elastane made the cotton yarn produce a puckering effect. Different seersucker fabrics were produced by changing tube size with the help of change in stripe height and using different yarn combinations on the back side (i.e. cotton covered elastane, spun polyester, and cotton) of the fabric. The seersucker knitted fabric were subjected to different tests such as mechanical testing that is fabric stretch, tactile comfort and thermophysiological comfort, that is, thermal resistance and air permeability test. The test results concluded that the seersucker interlock knitted fabric gives good comfort and aesthetic properties.

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39

Guo, Mingrui, Fengxin Sun, Lei Wang, Yuan Xue, Ruihua Yang, and Weidong Gao. "Analysis of the appearance of two-color cotton yarn by the double-channel spinning system." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 9 (May 29, 2018): 1712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518779250.

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The main aim of this paper is to investigate the fiber distribution on the surface of a kind of novel two-color yarn spun by regulating the feeding ratio of two colored rovings on a modified ring spinning frame, which is named the double-channel spinning frame. The surface distribution ratio ( SDR) and the coefficient of variation of surface distribution evenness ( CV sd) of the two colored fiber strands in the yarns was used to quantify the fiber distribution feature along the yarns based on a purpose-made image acquisition device and the corresponding image processing method. The effect of the weight ratio, roving feeding position and spinning method on the mean SDR and CV sd were studied, and the testing results of the Z-twist and S-twist two-color yarns spun by a modified traditional ring spinning frame as well as the yarns spun by a modified compact spinning frame were compared with each other. The fibers of the left-hand roving are more likely to distribute in the surface of Z-twist yarn, while the fibers of the right-hand roving tend to distribute in the surface of S-twist yarn. Four linear fitting equations of the 19.4 tex Z-twist and S-twist two-color ring spun yarns and two-color compact spun yarns were developed to predict the relationships between the mean SDR and weight ratio of two colored fibers.

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40

Wang, Xungai. "Recent Research on Yarn Hairiness Testing and Reduction: Part - Reduction of Yarn Hairiness." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 3, no. 1 (February 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-03-01-1999-b001.

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41

Herath, Chathura Nalendra, Bok Choon Kang, Jong Kwang Park, Yong Hwang Roh, and Beong Bok Hwang. "Breaking Elongation Properties of Hybrid Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.337.

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This paper is concerned the breaking elongation properties of Carbon/Aramid-, Carbon/Glass- and Aramid/Glass- matrix hybridized commingling yarns. The hybrid yarns produced by commingling process were investigated in terms of breaking elongation property. In experiments, carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF) filament yarns were combined. In this study, selected matrix materials include Polyether-ether-Keeton (PEEK), and polyester (PES), or polypropylene (PP). The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, ant hybrid yarns count at 600 tex, respectively. The reinforcement to matrix filament combination was selected as 1:1 proportion. The effect of different air pressures and material combinations was investigated in terms of breaking elongation. In experiments, each type of hybrid yarn sample has been tested 20 times at the testing speed of 10mm/min. under 3 bar of yarn clamping pressure. Since breaking elongation is one of most important properties in textile fiber, it was examined closely with reference to the first breaking point of commingling-hybrid yarns. It was concluded from experiments that hybrid yarns with higher breaking elongation and higher tensile strength tend to show better force-elongation relationship. It was also known from experiments that the combination of two reinforcement filament yarns gives always much better results than a single reinforcement filament yarns in terms of elongation property. GF/AF/matrix is shown very much better elongation properties. PP and PES gives higher elongation than PEEK as a matrix material.

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42

Shen, Wei, and Hong Chao Miao. "Testing the Blend Ratio of Cashmere/Wool Yarns by Object Extraction Method." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.277.

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The testing of the blend ratio of cashmere/wool yarns is mainly depended on human-powered. It introduced the colors divergence of two fibers using HI-1 dye to stain into the blend yarn of wool and cashmere. The colored samples were then, sliced and imaged. Both the cashmere and wool that have some color information were withdrawn from the background. Then work out the blend ratio according to the fiber cross section size. This study demonstrated a speedy and accurate approach to analysis blend ratio.

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43

Huang, Qi Lan, Wei Gang Qin, and Gong Yuan Yang. "Application of the Intelligent Sensor in Yarn Quality Online Detection." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.20.

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This paper introduces application of the intelligent sensor in the yarn quality online detection. Using computer control techniques,Adopting the high accuracy intelligent laser sensor to detect the yarn diameter, display and print out the real-time evenness of the yarn by analyzing the yarn sampled datas. The device is more portable, forward-looking, intelligent and low cost, It is the development direction of the yarn quality testing in cotton factory.

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44

Ou, Yunfu, Deju Zhu, Mengying Huang, and Hang Li. "The effects of gage length and strain rate on tensile behavior of Kevlar® 29 single filament and yarn." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316639121.

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The mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 single filaments and yarns with different gage lengths were investigated by utilizing an MTI miniature tester and an MTS load frame. Single yarns of 25 mm were also tested over four different strain rates using a drop-weight impact system. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 are sensitive to gage length, structural size scale, and strain rate. The tensile strength decreased with increasing gage length and the structural scale from fiber to yarn, and increased with increasing strain rate. Weibull analysis was conducted to quantify the degree of variability in tensile strength. The obtained Weibull parameters were then used in an analytical model to simulate the stress–strain response of single yarn. Finally, Weibull parameters of single filaments with other gage lengths and strain rates were also obtained by fitting the stress–strain curves of single yarns with corresponding testing conditions.

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45

Naebe, Maryam, Bruce A. McGregor, and David Tester. "Effect of yarn winding tension on the Wool ComfortMeter value when testing yarns." Textile Research Journal 85, no. 11 (June 12, 2014): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514537369.

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46

Cheung, Benjamin K. O., and Jason P. Carey. "Characterizing and modeling of low twist yarn mechanics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501986694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019866945.

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Twist in yarns can be used for handling or testing purposes, but it is not necessary when using continuous multifilament yarns as compared to the spinning required for a short fiber yarn. Small amounts of twist have shown to increase the strength of the yarn while decreasing the longitudinal stiffness. Previous models, including Gegauff’s cos2 θ model and Rao and Farris’ model, are compared and discussed. A para-aramid (Kevlar 49) and a regenerated cellulose (BioMid) yarn are tested at various levels of twist to compare with these models. Twist is manually applied, and the samples are tested under continuous rate of extension to determine chord modulus, breaking tenacity, and elongation and break. The results are then fit to existing prediction models using a minimization of the standard error of the regression. Finally, a linear regression is also applied to the data to contrast the fit compared to traditional models. It was found that while the Gegauff model and the Rao and Farris model may capture the overall trend and decrease in longitudinal stiffness over a large range of twist, the small range over which twist can practically be used is not well represented by these models and is better represented by a simple linear relationship.

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47

Halfaoui, Rachid, and Bachir Chemani. "Deformation of the carded and combed wool yarns when they are subjected to repeated extensions, influence on the strength and on the elongation at break." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 640–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2012-0076.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct a series of tests designed to highlight changes in the physical characteristics of the yarn resulting from mechanical efforts comparable to that to which they are subjected on the weaving machine. Among the physical properties of the warp yarn, the authors examined changes include: the residual deformation, strength, elongation and elasticity, on the extender repetition effort overtension growing steadily, leading, after some time, to break. Therefore, the yarn treated extender repetition is subject to a more severe test than the actual weaving on the loom. Design/methodology/approach – The initial length of the specimen under constant static load of 20 g, was 50 cm in all tests. The yarns are stored on several coils, the authors collected a quantity of thread on each of them, according to the law of chance, to avoid errors due to long periods of irregularity and the authors estimated that the extensions can be supported by the wire without danger of rupture are interesting practical point of view. Three rate extensions were chosen for the two yarns: 0.5, 1.2 and 1.9 percent. The maximum number of tractions was calculated for each wire by multiplying the maximum thread count practice by the average distance between the warp beam and the weft yarn on the weaving machine. Findings – The fall of the resistance and elongation resulting from repeated extensions which yarn are subjected on the extensometer, corresponds almost exactly to the residual deformation recorded. Increasing the rate of extensions causes relatively large decrease in strength and elongation. The authors also notice that the strength and elongation at break tends to decrease when the number of extensions decreases. The fall of the resistance and the elongation at break is more important for carded yarns then combed yarns increases or when the frequency decreases. Originality/value – The maximum difference of the resistance is 32 g, 10.3 percent in the case of carded yarns, while in the case of the combed yarns; the same difference is 25 g, or 6.4 percent of the initial strength. Similarly, the maximum fall of the elongation at break for carded yarns is about 2 or 16.1 percent of the initial elongation, while the corresponding drop in the case of the combed yarns is 1.8 or 10.9 percent of the initial elongation. The corresponding values found during the testing wool combed yarns, were, respectively about 4.8 and 6.6 percent.

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48

Wang, Xiao, Ru-Meng Hou, Xiao-Yan Gao, and Bin-Jie Xin. "Research on Yarn Diameter and Unevenness Based on an Adaptive Median Filter Denoising Algorithm." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 1(139) (February 29, 2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5856.

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In this paper an adaptive median filtering denoising algorithm is proposed to measure yarn diameter and its unevenness. Images of nine different yarn samples were captured using one set of a self-developed yarn image acquisition system. Image separation of the background and yarn sections was conducted using a combination of adaptive median filtering, adaptive threshold segmentation and morphological processing. The noise-free yarn image was used for diameter detection of the subsequent yarn image and the discrimination of the yarn unevenness. Experimental results show that the testing data of yarn unevenness detection based on the adaptive median filter denoising algorithm is very consistent with the data using the traditional method. It is proved that the yarn detection method proposed, based on an adaptive median filter denoising algorithm, is feasible. It can be used to calculate yarn diameter accurately and measure yarn unevenness efficiently, so as to determine the quality of yarn appearance objectively.

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49

Raji, Rafiu King, Xuhong Miao, Ailan Wan, Zhejiang, Shu Zhang, Yutian Li, and Charles Frimpong. "Progress on the Fabrication of Smart Textiles Based on Soft Strain Sensors." AATCC Journal of Research 6, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.6.1.

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The focus of this study is on strain sensing research and applications in smart textiles. Strain sensing is the measurement of fabric deformation by embedding a strain-sensitive material in it and subjecting it to stress. This paper presents an extensive classification of knitted textile strain sensors. Salient knitted strain sensor production parameters, such as conductive yarn choice, fabric structure, fabric structure deformation, and its relationship to strain signal extraction are discussed. The study concludes that producing yarn-based soft strain sensors for smart textile applications is viable. However, sensitive yarns with the right conductivity, count, and structural configuration are often unavailable. Work remains in the areas of efficient fabric deformation, signal extraction methods, development of sensor nodes, and robust experimental testing systems.

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50

Flores-Johnson, E. A., J. G. Carrillo, R. A. Gamboa, and L. Shen. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Plain-Woven Aramid Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.74.

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In this paper, the tensile properties of plain-woven aramid fabric style 724 (Kevlar® 129 fibre, 1000 denier, 24×24 yarns per inch) and the tensile properties of individual aramid yarn extracted from the fabric are presented. It was found that this fabric is balanced with less than 5% difference in strength between the warp and weft directions. The mechanical properties of the individual yarns were found to be lower than those reported for Kevlar® 129 fibre, which is explained by the fact that the yarns were damaged during the extraction process or weaving process. A 3D finite-element model of the tensile testing of plain-woven fabric was built at the mesoscale in Abaqus/Explicit by modelling individual crimped yarns and taking into account friction. Material properties and yarn geometry for the model were obtained from experimental observations. An orthotropic elastic model with failure criterion based on the yield stress was used. Numerical results were analysed and compared with experimental results. It was found that the numerical model can reproduce the physical experimental observations, the yield strength and the failure strain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Yarn testing'

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