Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Yanomami (Indiens) – Amazonie (Brésil)'
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Albert, Bruce. "Temps du sang, temps des cendres : représentation de la maladie, système rituel et espace politique chez les Yanomami du Sud-Est (Amazonie brézilienne)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100293.
Full textErikson, Philippe. "Les Matis d'Amazonie : parure du corps, identité ethnique et organisation sociale." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100134.
Full textThis dissertation is an anthropological monography of the Matis, Amerinds of Western Brazil. It aims at being holistic - ours being the first description of this fragment of the panoan linguistic family- but also comparative in scope, our data being systematically reset in its regional ethnographical context. The main theme is that of self-perception and construction of collective identity among the Matis, focused through the angle of "symbolical body building" (ornaments, worn artefacts, tattoos. . . ), and the ensuing emic theories such as cosmology, morality, gustatory principles, and foreign affairs. A filmography and an exhaustive bibliography are given in appendix
Éloy, Ludivine. "Entre ville et forêt : le futur de l'agriculture amérindienne en question : transformations agraires en périphérie de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Nord-ouest amazonien, Brésil." Paris 3, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00124085.
Full textThis thesis is a study of indigenous agriculture transformations around a small amazonian city. More than the demographic density, the agrarian transformations depend on the migration trajectories of the families up to the city, through various property rights in natural ressources and possibilities of collecting incomes mediated by large kinship networks. The farmers select imported agricultural techniques and transform their traditional practices. If one observes the existence of a specialization towards the market, family strategies of diversification are more current. The multilocal territorialities make it possible to compensate for the increasing scarcity of the natural resources, and to satisfy new aspirations. Swidden cultivation plays a central part in these territorial transformations, because, from its flexibility, it combines in space and time with the other activities. These innovations place again the Indigenous peoples as the central actors of the creation of the modernity in their territories
Moreira, Elaine. "Artifice du corps et de la mémoire : les cahiers des chants chez les Ye'kuana (Terre indigène yanomami, Roraila, Brésil)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0551.
Full textThe present work deals with the production and circulation of song books among the Ye'kuana. Today, the socio-spatial mobility of this Karib group plays at different levels. It is the result of a historical relationship with Venezuela, where the majority of the Ye'kuana live, as well as of intense exchanges with other Karib and Arawak Amerindian populations of Roraima. At the local level, in the village of Fuduuwadunha on the Auaris River where field research was conducted, it is the mobility of proximity that is in play. Song books are objects the Ye'kuana take good care of. Their modes of transmission alone, however, cannot fully explain how the song contained therein are passed on. Being able to sing the songs requires a foregone learniong process between master and apprentice. Their relationship must lead to changes in the body, thereby creating the conditions necessary to memorize lyrics and rhythm. Despite the artifice of the books the memory of songs is constantly threatened by the predatory acts of enemies, who also seek to transform the bodies of their victims. For this reason, to take care of bodies, to artialize them, must be a task not only for shamans and singers, but also the whole family group. Though wishing for a life without conflict or illness, the Ye'kuana know they cannot avoid war against Odosha: that is why they perpetuate revenge. Understanding the production and circulation of song books is therefore not simply a matter of memorization techniques or opposition between oral and written, but also one of the registers of bodies, and of predation
Capredon, Élise. "Les Églises autonomes : Évangélisme, chamanisme et mouvement indigène chez les Baniwa de l’Amazonie brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0735.
Full textBased on one and a half year of ethnographic research, this dissertation explores the religious practices of the Baniwa, an Arawak-speaking group of the Brazilian Amazonia whose members have mainly converted to evangelicalism, a Protestant movement, since the mid-20th century. More specifically, I investigate the reorganization of such practices in an urban context, that is among the Baniwa who live in the city and in peri-urban villages. Through a reflection structured around four major themes – Amerindian conversions, growth of evangelical Churches in Brazil, shamanism and indigenous movements – this work sheds light on a little-known aspect of the Amazonian native people’s relation to Christianity. While Amerindian conversions in the Lowlands of South America are generally presented in anthropological literature as an ephemeral or unstable phenomenon, the results of this analysis show the continuity of the Baniwa evangelical movement. Under the influence of indigenous political mobilizations, this movement emancipates itself from the non-native missionaries and pastors and consolidates itself through the constitution of an extensive network of autonomous native Churches, while reconfiguring the place of shamanism in the group
Bernal, Roberto Jaramillo. "Indiens urbains : processus de "reconformation" de l'identité ethnique indienne à Manaus." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0159.
Full textDe, Morais Gourevitch Aparecida Maria. "Au-delà de la biomédecine : mythes, maladie et guérison chez les Indiens Baré en Amazonie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0592.
Full textThis thesis is based on an ethnography realized in the Indian group Baré (Arawak of Brazil and Venezuela). This ethnic group was submitted to a strong impact during the contact with Whites and even, for a moment, has been considered as disappeared in Brazil. However, Baré then reappeared with a very rich culture: at the same time as they kept their beliefs and traditional practices, they "grafted" on it various cultural items from Rio Negro's other ethnic groups and, too, beliefs and practices linked with popular catholicism, notably with some saints they are using in some healing requests. I study the interaction between baré myths, diseases and healing practices in the light of baré imaginary and their representations of illness, origins and treatments of the ailments which arte normally treated by biomedicine. I also analyse the different forms of traditional medicine, notably those of the pajés (shamans), as well as the various modalities of using both western and/or traditional medicine. In addition, this work analyses the respective importance of every therapeutics and the Baré's feeling when one of them is lacking. The Baré's traditional medicine, grounded on their myths or ancestral and actual beliefs and their way of life, appears to be fundamental and efficient to treat a great number of diseases with "supernatural" origin (sorcery, intoxication), as well as other natural environmental dangers. Traditional medicine appears to them as necessary and, at the same time, complementary to the biomedicine, with which it forms a subjectively effective pair
Bonilla, Lydie Oiara. "Des proies si désirables : soumission et prédation pour les Paumari d'Amazonie brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0302.
Full textThis dissertation is first and foremost an ethnological description of an Arawá-speaking group who has never been anthropologically studied before. The first part is focused on the concept of time, as well as the Paumari concept of transformation. The second part investigates the notion of the person and its ritualistic construction. Finally, the third part discusses social relationships and relatedness. This work also aspires to shed light on the way in which the Paumari submit to others, by putting themselves in the role of victims, so as to make those others take the role of protectors and providers of goods and care. The Paumari do not get what they want by attacking others, rather they do so by sumitting to others. This submission also reveals a form of derision, since while forcing the Other to adopt them, they turn their historic condition into derision so as to evade it
Stoll, Emilie. "Rivalités Riveraines : Territoires, stratégies familiales, et sorcelleries en Amazonie brésilienne." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5021.
Full textThis work is a study of rivalries between families and neighbors that arise from local practices of land-use, land-occupation and land-transmission. It demonstrates the way in which these rivalries have recently been articulated in relation to novel issues understood as “identity issues”. The question of ‘identity’ stems from the Brazilian State policy which aims at framing public territory. The riverine dwellers of the Arapiuns River (Santarém, Pará State, Amazon) adopt ‘official’, ‘assigned’ identities (such as, “Native people”, “traditional people”, etc) as ways to express, in a ‘comprehensible’ and ‘modern’ language, local concerns to outsiders (namely, institutions, NGOs, labor union, etc). Some of the concerns analyzed in this thesis include old factional disputes usually told in a relatively private sphere, through gossips and sorcery. In such context, the communities of peasants are divided between “traditional” families and “indigenous/native” families: each group present itself in opposition to the other group creating a sort of counter-power coopted by public and private organizations that in such context promote specific public policies and the correlated land tenure (Indian land, conservation unit, etc)
Estorniolo, Milena. "Manger (avec) l'ennemi : mythe, subsistance et alimentation chez les Baniwa et les Koripako (Amazonie, Brésil)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0054.
Full textThis work focuses on the relationship between the Baniwa and Koripako people of the NorthWestern Amazon (Brazil) and non-human beings, more specifically the animals and plants they convert into food. To understand these relationships, our approach takes into account mythical explanations of the origins of these beings, descriptions of subsistence techniques (fishing, hunting, horticulture and gathering) and culinary and food practices in different contexts (domestic, community and inter-community). We observe, on one hand, predation between men and animals and, on the other hand, care and protection between women and cultivated plants – with tame animals and wild plants occupying an intermediate position. This contrast, manifested in many dietary or behavioural precautions and restrictions, is explained by the types of relationships established between humans and the owners of animals and plants who control the feeding and reproduction of their subordinates. The opposition between predation and care – the latter expressed in particular through gifts and sharing of food – is also reproduced in the field of human relations: predation being characteristic of relations with foreign groups and gift with the consanguineous and members of the local group
Aguiar, Pinto Geracina. "Développement durable et biodiversité dans le programme "Grande Carajas/CVRD" en Amazonie." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30104.
Full textEnvironment problems are many in Brazil however they take on a major importance in the Amazon basin, especially with the "Grande Carajas Project" (PGC) of which the "Companhia Vale do Rio Doce" company is the leader. A "US steel" subsidiary was looking for manganese, in that Amazon region when a helicopter crash landing les Bruno Augusto dos Santos to the discovery of the world's biggest open reserve of iron ore. 27000 workers were to set up the Carajas Program in 1982 and it is estimated that more than 500000 mine workers now operate in the Amazon forest. According to the Environment Institute of Brazil IBAMA "when iron ore is important, then there is a special vegetal stratum called "canga", and on top of it grows the typical metalophylic forest, of Carajas" which was to disappear with mining. No rigorous study having been done, mining has led to deforestation and pollution that the Brazilian Institute of Socio Economical Studies IBASE has confirmed. This theoretical study deals with PGC-CVRD socio environmental impact in Amazon, by exploring strategies, policies and relationships of Indians with towns and forests. The inquiry shows social and ecological imbalance as the consequences mainly fall on poorer people, mine workers and landless peasants. We listen to the main "actors" among Indians, elected representatives, trade unions and rural leaders as well as Federal administration, and Parauapebas City hall. I have studied the Privatization of PGC
Dos, Anjos Farias Lemoine Maria Soeli. "La culture matérielle des Munduruku du Haut-Tapajos en Amazonie brésilienne : Kapikipi Jewa wy dadam." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG037.
Full textThis Phd deals with the peoples named Munduruku. We’ll study the evolution of both their material culture and their educational system. The meaning of the word “native” is defined in order to respect the Munduruku terminology: “being Munduruku” means “being real men”. In 2005 ,their leaders first granted us permission to meet them on condition we respect the rules. Their material culture has undergone drastic changes particularly as far as architecture is concerned. The square-shaped straw houses observed at the beginning of the twentieth century have been replaced by rectangular ones with wooden walls and zinc rooftops. Missangas made in China have taken the place ot the original necklaces handcrafted with puca seeds and adorned with animals carved in coconuts. The former calabashes used for food or beverage have been replaced by glasses . As to the hammock made of bark still used today, it is no longer crafted by the Munduruku studied. We’ll use the collected materials to analyze their know how. The Munduruku environment is described as well. As our research only partially covers their huge territory, it can’t be considered as completed yet
Pétesch, Nathalie. "La Pirogue de Sable : modes de représentation et d'organisation d'une société du fleuve : les Karaja de l'Araguaia (Brésil central)." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100130.
Full textThe object of this thesis consists in defining on a cognitive and social level the basic characteristics of the Karaja society, in order to specify more accurately its position inside the macro-ge linguistic and socio-cultural complex of the central Brazil. For this purpose, are successively described and analysed the cosmogony, the ceremonial complex and the social organization of these river Indians. Comparisons are made on various points with the main representatives of the macro-ge family, particularly the Bororo. So are pointed out the affinity and the singularity of the Karaja dualistic morphology in comparison with the binary models of the Central Brazil. The non macro-ge features of the Karaja society are also emphasized so as to give rise to new comparative approaches within the South America lowlands societies
Vienne, Emmanuel de. "Traditions en souffrance : maladie, chamanisme et rituel chez les Trumai du Mato Grosso." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0449.
Full textThe Upper Xingu has the particularity of uniting ten different language groups in a single "society". Within this regional ensemble, the Trumai occupy a place apart. Historically, they were comparatively hard hit interethnic conflict, and today they find themselves spread very thin, both politically and geographically. They also have a high rate of intermarriage with neighbouring groups and claim to have "lost their culture" - something that they experience as a veritable stigma. This thesis endeavours to reconstruct the historical and interethnic dynamics that have contributed to these problematic definitions of cultura and of what it means to be Trumai. The study of illness and shamanism is heavily affected by this wider context. It is twenty years since the Trumai counted shamans among their number and so they have to appeal to their neighbours. Accordingly, the fieldwork I carried out in 2004-2005 draws primarily on the perspectives of non-specialists. It is, then, less a matter of outlining their general cosmology than of scrutinising key moments in the pathogenic process in their own right: meeting a spirit in the forest, shamanic treatments and collective therapeutic rites. The stress polaced on the pragmatic dimension of these interactions allows for connections to be established between these different key moments, as well as between them and more explicit, but also more variable forms of discourse (accounts or explanations). Finally, the thesis focuses on two cases that are indicative of wider changes within the Upper Xingu: first, that of a wauja married to a Trumai and recntly initiated into shamanisme; and second, that of a shaman-prophet who emerged in 2007. In these two cases, the thesis seeks to understand the significant degree of variability between shamans, which conerns both modes of initiation and later therapeutic and visionary performances. This diversity can be throught of as organised around two separate poles, according to the type of authrity the shaman invokes, and is reflexively present as a real choice inscribed in the very heart of the initiation process
Laval, Pauline. "Captures estuariennes : une ethnoécologie de la pêche sur le bas Oyapock (frontière franco-brésilienne)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0012/document.
Full textFishing is based on various forms of social appropriation of aquatic environment. This thesis seeks to define them in the specific context of the Lower Oyapock, estuary of an Amazonian river delineating the border between French Guyana and Amapá state (Brazil). This estuary presents a high variety of aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, flooded forests, swamps, mangroves and sea) and is home of high diversity of plant and animal species (over 200 species are caught). The population of the Lower Oyapock forms a cultural melting-pot principally composed by Amerindians, Creoles and Brazilians, established in two towns and 40 villages. Moreover, the presence of a national park along the Brazilian coast and three indigenous lands imply a regulation of access to natural resources. In this context rich in ecological and cultural diversity, where emerge conflicts over fishing territories, this thesis proposes a reading of the dynamics of appropriation of aquatic resources. Results are based on ethnographic data collected from October 2012 to October 2014. They range from more than 70 interviews, 32 fishing trips observations, the inventory of fishing gear, the identification of 195 fishes species, and a study of local taxonomies. The study of fishers’ knowledge reveals a detailed expertise about the aquatic environments, notably their rhythms, and the animal ecology and behavior. Fishermen make an important variety of fishing equipment adapted to both species and spaces. Based on the way knowledge is shared, different fishermen’s groups are characterized and specialized according to the ecological conditions/features (savanna; river and forests; river mouth and sea). Creation of national parks, increasing controls of cross-border flows, urbanization and migration are all contemporary challenges the fishermen are confronting. In this context, three residents groups stand out: professional fishermen from Saint-Georges (French Guyana), those from Oiapoque (Brazil), and the Indigenous villagers from Uaçá (Brazil). These three groups aim to obtain an official recognition of their fishing territories in order to ensure long-term access. Engaged in various strategies, their success in the process hinges on the States’ consideration of their specificities