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Journal articles on the topic 'Yang Mills Higgs model'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

GAL'TSOV, D. V., and E. A. DAVYDOV. "YANG-MILLS CONDENSATES IN COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 14 (January 2012): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200743x.

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We discuss homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models driven by SU(2) gauge fields in the framework of Einstein gravity. There exists a Yang-Mills field configuration, parametrized by a single scalar function, which consists of parallel electric and magnetic fields and has the stress tensor mimicking an homogeneous and isotropic fluid. The unique SU(2) gauge theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking sharing the same property is the Yang-Mills coupled to the complex doublet Higgs, this exists only in the case of the closed universe. This model contains an intrinsic mechanism for inflation due to the Higgs potential. Our second goal is to show that a successful inflation can be achieved also within the pure Yang-Mills theory adding an appropriate theta-term.

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2

BALAKIN, ALEXANDER B., HEINZ DEHNEN, and ALEXEI E. ZAYATS. "NONMINIMAL ISOTROPIC COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH YANG–MILLS AND HIGGS FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 08 (August 2008): 1255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012802.

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We establish a nonminimal Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model, which contains six coupling parameters. The first three parameters relate to the nonminimal coupling of a non-Abelian gauge field and a gravity field, the next two parameters describe the so-called derivative nonminimal coupling of a scalar multiplet with a gravity field, and the sixth parameter introduces the standard coupling of a scalar field with a Ricci scalar. The formulated six-parameter nonminimal Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model is applied to cosmology. We show that there exists a unique exact cosmological solution of the de Sitter type for a special choice of the coupling parameters. The nonminimally extended Yang–Mills and Higgs equations are satisfied for arbitrary gauge and scalar fields, when the coupling parameters are specifically related to the curvature constant of the isotropic space–time. Based on this special exact solution, we discuss the problem of a hidden anisotropy of the Yang–Mills field, and give an explicit example, when the nonminimal coupling effectively screens the anisotropy induced by the Yang–Mills field and thus restores the isotropy of the model.

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3

Mohamadnejad, A., and S. Deldar. "Abelian-Higgs model from Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 08 (March 14, 2014): 1450047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500473.

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Applying Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition for SU(2) Yang–Mills field, we obtain the Abelian–Higgs Lagrangian by some approximation. Abelian–Higgs Lagrangian with a spontaneous symmetry breaking potential has vortex solutions known as Nielsen–Olesen solutions. We conclude that vortices as well as magnetic monopoles can exist in Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition of SU(2) Yang–Mills field.

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4

Wu, Tai Tsun, and Sau Lan Wu. "Yang–Mills gauge theory and Higgs particle." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 34 (December 9, 2015): 1530065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300653.

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Motivated by the experimental data on the Higgs particle from the ATLAS Collaboration and the CMS Collaboration at CERN, the standard model, which is a Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge theory with the group [Formula: see text], is augmented by scalar quarks and scalar leptons without changing the gauge group and without any additional Higgs particle. Thus there is fermion–boson symmetry between these new particles and the known quarks and leptons. In a simplest scenario, the cancellation of the quadratic divergences in this augmented standard model leads to a determination of the masses of all these scalar quarks and scalar leptons. All these masses are found to be less than 100 GeV/c2, and the right-handed scalar neutrinos are especially light. Alterative procedures are given with less reliance on the experimental data, leading to the same conclusions.

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5

Chang, Ngee-Pong. "Yang–Mills gauge theory and the Higgs boson family." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 05 (February 5, 2016): 1630006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316300068.

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The gauge symmetry principles of the Yang–Mills field of 1954 provide the solid rock foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics. To give masses to the quarks and leptons, however, SM calls on the solitary Higgs field using a set of mysterious complex Yukawa coupling matrices. We enrich the SM by reducing the Yukawa coupling matrices to a single Yukawa coupling constant, and endowing it with a family of Higgs fields that are degenerate in mass. The recent experimental discovery of the Higgs resonance at 125.09 ± 0.21 GeV does not preclude this possibility. Instead, it presents an opportunity to explore the interference effects in background events at the LHC. We present a study based on the maximally symmetric Higgs potential in a leading hierarchy scenario.

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6

Sterman, George. "Yang–Mills theories at high energy accelerators." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 09 (March 24, 2016): 1630005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16300052.

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I will begin with a brief review of the triumph of Yang–Mills theory at particle accelerators, a development that began some years after their historic paper. This story reached a culmination, or at least local extremum, with the discovery at the Large Hadron Collider of a Higgs-like scalar boson in 2012. The talk then proceeds to a slightly more technical level, discussing how we derive predictions from the gauge field theories of the Standard Model and its extensions for use at high energy accelerators.

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7

Jia, Junji. "New spherically symmetric solutions in the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model." Canadian Journal of Physics 88, no. 3 (March 2010): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-013.

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We study classical solutions in the SU(2) Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs theory. The spherically symmetric ansatz for all fields are given, and the equations of motion are derived as a system of ordinary differential equations. The asymptotics and the boundary conditions at the space origin for regular solutions and at the event horizon for black hole solutions are studied. Using the shooting method, we found numerical solutions to the theory. For regular solutions, we find two new sets of asymptotically flat solutions. Each of these sets contains continua of solutions in the parameter space spanned by the shooting parameters. The solutions bifurcate along these parameter curves, and the bifurcations are argued to be due to the internal structure of the model. Both sets of the solutions are asymptotically flat, but one is exponentially so and the other is so with oscillations. For black holes, a new set of boundary conditions is studied, and it is found that there also exists a continuum of black hole solutions in parameter space and similar bifurcation behavior is also present to these solutions. The SU(2) charges of these solutions are found to be zero, and these solutions are proven to be unstable.

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8

He, Yan, and Hao Guo. "Topological defect with nonzero Hopf invariant in Yang–Mills–Higgs model." Physics Letters B 739 (December 2014): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.039.

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9

Navarro-Lérida, Francisco, and D. H. Tchrakian. "Electrically charged finite energy solutions of an SO(5) and an SU(3) Higgs–Chern–Simons-Yang–Mills–Higgs system in 3+1 dimensions." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 15 (May 26, 2015): 1550079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500797.

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We study spherically symmetric finite energy solutions of two Higgs–Chern–Simons-Yang–Mills–Higgs (HCS-YMH) models in 3+1 dimensions, one with gauge group SO(5) and the other with SU(3). The Chern–Simons (CS) densities are defined in terms of both the Yang–Mills (YM) and Higgs fields and the choice of the two gauge groups is made so that they do not vanish. The solutions of the SO(5) model carry only electric charge and zero magnetic charge, while the solutions of the SU(3) model are dyons carrying both electric and magnetic charges like the Julia–Zee (JZ) dyon. Unlike the latter, however, the electric charge in both models receives an important contribution from the CS dynamics. We pay special attention to the relation between the energies and charges of these solutions. In contrast with the electrically charged JZ dyon of the Yang–Mills–Higgs (YMH) system, whose mass is larger than that of the electrically neutral (magnetic monopole) solutions, the masses of the electrically charged solutions of our HCS-YMH models can be smaller than their electrically neutral counterparts in some parts of the parameter space. To establish this is the main task of this work, which is performed by constructing the HCS-YMH solutions numerically. In the case of the SU(3) HCS-YMH, we have considered the question of angular momentum and it turns out that it vanishes.

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10

O’BRIEN, G. M., and D. H. TCHRAKIAN. "SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC SO(4) INSTANTON OF A NON-ABELIAN HIGGS MODEL IN 4-DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 14 (July 20, 1989): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001581.

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11

TEH, ROSY, KHAI-MING WONG, and PIN-WAI KOH. "MONOPOLE-INSTANTON SOLUTIONS FOR THE MASSIVE SU(2) YANG–MILLS–HIGGS THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 22 (September 10, 2010): 4291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050342.

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Monopole-instanton in topologically massive gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions with a Chern–Simons mass term have been studied by Pisarski some years ago. He investigated the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model with an additional Chern–Simons mass term in the action. Pisarski argued that there is a monopole-instanton solution that is regular everywhere, but found that it does not possess finite action. There were no exact or numerical solutions being presented by Pisarski. Hence it is our purpose to further investigate this solution in more detail. We obtained numerical regular solutions that smoothly interpolates between the behavior at small and large distances for different values of Chern–Simons term strength and for several fixed values of Higgs field strength. The monopole-instanton's action is real but infinite. The action vanishes for large Chern–Simons term only when the Higgs field expectation value vanishes.

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12

Antoniadis, I., and B. Pioline. "Higgs Branch, Hyper-Kähler Quotient and Duality in SUSY N = 2 Yang–Mills Theories." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 27 (October 30, 1997): 4907–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002620.

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Low-energy limits of N = 2 supersymmetric field theories in the Higgs branch are described in terms of a nonlinear four-dimensional σ-model on a hyper-Kähler target space, classically obtained as a hyper-Kähler quotient of the original flat hypermultiplet space by the gauge group. We review in a pedagogical way this construction, and illustrate it in various examples, with special attention given to the singularities emerging in the low-energy theory. In particular, we thoroughly study the Higgs branch singularity of Seiberg–Witten SU(2) theory with Nf flavors, interpreted by Witten as a small instanton singularity in the moduli space of one instanton on ℝ4. By explicitly evaluating the metric, we show that this Higgs branch coincides with the Higgs branch of a U(1) N = 2 SUSY theory with the number of flavors predicted by the singularity structure of Seiberg–Witten's theory in the Coulomb phase. We find another example of Higgs phase duality, namely between the Higgs phases of U(Nc)Nf flavors and U(Nf-Nc)Nf flavors theories, by using a geometric interpretation due to Biquard et al. This duality may be relevant for understanding Seiberg's conjectured duality Nc ↔ Nf-Nc in N = 1 SUSY SU(Nc) gauge theories.

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13

Paturyan, Vanush, and D. H. Tchrakian. "Monopole–antimonopole solutions of the Skyrmed SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model." Journal of Mathematical Physics 45, no. 1 (2004): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1630703.

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14

KASTLER, DANIEL, and THOMAS SCHÜCKER. "A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF ALAIN CONNES’ VERSION OF THE STANDARD MODEL IV." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 08, no. 02 (February 1996): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x96000081.

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We give a detailed account of the computation of the Yang-Mills action for the Connes-Lott model with general coupling constant in the commutant of the K-cycle. This leads to tree-approximation results amazingly compatible with experiment, yielding a first indication on the Higgs mass.

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15

OTSU, HIDEHARU, TOSHIRO SATO, HITOSHI IKEMORI, and SHINSAKU KITAKADO. "VORTICES AS INSTANTONS IN NONCOMMUTATIVE DISCRETE SPACE: USE OF Z2 COORDINATES." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 25 (August 20, 2010): 2189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310033505.

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We show that vortices of Yang–Mills–Higgs model in R2 space can be regarded as instantons of Yang–Mills model in R2 × Z2 space. For this, we construct the noncommutative Z2 space by explicitly fixing the Z2 coordinates and then show, by using the Z2 coordinates, that BPS equation for the vortices can be considered as a self-dual equation. We also propose the possibility to rewrite the BPS equations for vortices as ADHM equations through the use of self-dual equation.

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16

Chan, Hong-Mo, and Sheung Tsun Tsou. "The framed Standard Model (I) — A physics case for framing the Yang–Mills theory?" International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 30 (October 28, 2015): 1530059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300598.

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Introducing, in the underlying gauge theory of the Standard Model, the frame vectors in internal space as field variables (framons), in addition to the usual gauge boson and matter fermions fields, one obtains: the standard Higgs scalar as the framon in the electroweak sector; a global [Formula: see text] symmetry dual to colour to play the role of fermion generations. Renormalization via framon loops changes the orientation in generation space of the vacuum, hence also of the mass matrices of leptons and quarks, thus making them rotate with changing scale [Formula: see text]. From previous work, it is known already that a rotating mass matrix will lead automatically to: CKM mixing and neutrino oscillations, hierarchical masses for quarks and leptons, a solution to the strong-CP problem transforming the theta-angle into a Kobayashi–Maskawa phase. Here in the framed standard model (FSM), the renormalization group equation has some special properties which explain the main qualitative features seen in experiment both for mixing matrices of quarks and leptons, and for their mass spectrum. Quantitative results will be given in Paper II. The present paper ends with some tentative predictions on Higgs decay, and with some speculations on the origin of dark matter.

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17

Deguchi, Shinichi, and Yousuke Kokubo. "Abelian Projection of Massive SU(2) Yang–Mills Theory." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 29 (September 21, 2003): 2051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303011952.

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We derive an effective Abelian gauge theory (EAGT) of a modified SU(2) Yang–Mills theory. The modification is made by explicitly introducing mass terms of the off-diagonal gluon fields into pure SU(2) Yang–Mills theory, in order that Abelian dominance at a long-distance scale is realized in the modified theory. In deriving the EAGT, the off-diagonal gluon fields involving longitudinal modes are treated as fields that produce quantum effects on the diagonal gluon field and other fields relevant at a long-distance scale. Unlike earlier papers, a necessary gauge fixing is carried out without spoiling the global SU(2) gauge symmetry. We show that the EAGT allows a composite of the Yukawa and the linear potentials which also occurs in an extended dual Abelian Higgs model. This composite potential is understood to be a static potential between color-electric charges. In addition, we point out that the EAGT involves the Skyrme–Faddeev model.

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18

Tadmon, Calvin, and Sophonie Blaise Tchapnda. "On the spherically symmetric Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs equations in Bondi coordinates." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2146 (June 15, 2012): 3191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0171.

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We revisit and generalize, to the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs (EYMH) system, previous results of Christodoulou and Chae concerning global solutions for the Einstein-scalar field and the Einstein–Maxwell–Higgs (EMH) equations. The novelty of the present work is twofold. For one thing, the assumption on the self-interaction potential is improved. For another thing, explanation is furnished why the solutions obtained here and those proved by Chae for the EMH system decay more slowly than those established by Christodoulou in the case of self-gravitating scalar fields. Actually, this latter phenomenon stems from the non-vanishing local charge in EMH and EYMH models.

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19

Chkareuli, J. L., and Z. Kepuladze. "Emergent Yang–Mills theories from universal extra dimensions." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 05 (February 7, 2017): 1750029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500298.

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We study emergent Yang–Mills theories which could origin from universal extra dimensions. Particularly, some vector field potential terms or polynomial vector field constraints introduced into five-dimensional (5D) non-Abelian gauge theory is shown to lead to spontaneous violation of an underlying spacetime symmetry and generate vector pseudo-Goldstone modes as conventional four-dimensional (4D) gauge boson candidates. As a special signature, apart from conventional gauge couplings, there appear an infinite number of the properly suppressed direct multi-boson (multi-photon in particular) interaction couplings in emergent Yang–Mills theories whose observation could shed light on their high-dimensional nature. Moreover, in these theories, an internal symmetry also appeared spontaneously broken to its diagonal subgroups. This breaking originates from the extra vector field components playing the role of some adjoint scalar field multiplet in the 4D spacetime. So, one naturally has the Higgs effect without a specially introduced scalar field multiplet. Remarkably, when applied to Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), this results in an automatic breakdown of emergent GUTs down to the Standard Model (SM) just at the 5D Lorentz violation scale M.

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20

DAS, C. R., L. V. LAPERASHVILI, and A. TUREANU. "GRAVIWEAK UNIFICATION, INVISIBLE UNIVERSE AND DARK ENERGY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 18 (July 20, 2013): 1350085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500851.

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We consider a graviweak unification model with the assumption of the existence of a hidden (invisible) sector of our Universe, parallel to the visible world. This Hidden World (HW) is assumed to be a Mirror World (MW) with broken mirror parity. We start with a diffeomorphism invariant theory of a gauge field valued in a Lie algebra [Formula: see text], which is broken spontaneously to the direct sum of the space–time Lorentz algebra and the Yang–Mills algebra: [Formula: see text] — in the ordinary world, and [Formula: see text] — in the hidden world. Using an extension of the Plebanski action for general relativity, we recover the actions for gravity, SU(2) Yang–Mills and Higgs fields in both (visible and invisible) sectors of the Universe, and also the total action. After symmetry breaking, all physical constants, including the Newton's constants, cosmological constants, Yang–Mills couplings, and other parameters, are determined by a single parameter g present in the initial action, and by the Higgs VEVs. The dark energy problem of this model predicts a too large supersymmetric breaking scale (M SUSY ~1010 GeV ), which is not within the reach of the LHC experiments.

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21

DEY, B., C. N. KUMAR, and A. SEN. "CHAOS IN ABELIAN AND NON-ABELIAN HIGGS SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 10 (April 20, 1993): 1755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000722.

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The nonintegrability and chaotic nature of the Yang-Mills Higgs systems are considered. We have studied the Abelian Higgs model and the SO(3) Georgi-Glashow model (non-Abelian Higgs model), which possess vortices and monopole solutions respectively. The Painlevé analysis of the corresponding time-dependent equations of motion shows that both systems are nonintegrable for all choices of the parameter values. The Poincare surface-of-section plot shows the presence of chaotic trajectories in the phase space at certain parameter values for both systems. The chaotic nature of the trajectories is also indicated by the computations of the Lyapunov exponents of the corresponding systems.

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22

LIZZI, FEDELE, GIANPIERO MANGANO, and GENNARO MIELE. "ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE TO COMPACTIFICATION: NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY AND RANDALL–SUNDRUM MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 01 (January 10, 2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230100305x.

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We observe that the main feature of the Randall–Sundrum model, used to solve the hierarchy problem, is already present in a class of Yang–Mills plus gravity theories inspired by noncommutative geometry. Strikingly the same expression for the Higgs potential is found in two models which have no apparent connection. Some speculations concerning the possible relationships are given.

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23

SLAGTER, REINOUD JAN. "STATIONARY AXIALLY SYMMETRIC NON-ABELIAN ROTATING COSMIC STRINGS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 11, no. 04 (April 2002): 619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271802001305.

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We investigated the SU(2) Einstein–Yang–Mills system on a stationary axially symmetric nondiagonal spacetime. The equations are numerically solved. There is evidence for the existence of a regular solution with nonvanishing angular momentum, and finite energy density for all r. The behavior of the solution depends critical on the ratio of the Planck scale M pl and Yang–Mills couplings constant g, i.e., [Formula: see text]. Further, the asymptotic behavior of the solution is strongly affected by the boundary conditions of one of the YM components at z = 0. It is conjectured that the singular behavior of the metric components at finite distance of the core is related to the gravitational instability found in the self-gravitating flat-space non-Abelian monopole, the Einstein–Skyrme model and Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model

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24

FLORES-BAEZ, F. V., J. J. GODINA-NAVA, and G. ORDAZ-HERNANDEZ. "QUANTUM FIELD THEORY TOOLS: A MECHANISM OF MASS GENERATION OF GAUGE FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 06 (March 10, 2006): 1307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06025213.

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We present a simple mechanism for mass generation of gauge fields for the Yang–Mills theory, where two gauge SU (N)-connections are introduced to incorporate the mass term. Variations of these two sets of gauge fields compensate each other under local gauge transformations with the local gauge transformations of the matter fields, preserving gauge invariance. In this way the mass term of gauge fields is introduced without violating the local gauge symmetry of the Lagrangian. Because the Lagrangian has strict local gauge symmetry, the model is a renormalizable quantum model. This model, in the appropriate limit, comes from a class of universal Lagrangians which define a new massive Yang–Mills theories without Higgs bosons.

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BERTRAND, CHRISTINE, RICHARD KERNER, and SALVATORE MIGNEMI. "GENERALIZATION OF MANTON’S CONSTRUCTION OF THE WEINBERG-SALAM MODEL WITH A GAUSS-BONNET TERM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 31 (December 20, 1992): 7741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92003501.

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In a paper1 published in 1979 Manton has derived the bosonic sector of the Weinberg-Salam electroweak model by considering the Yang-Mills Lagrangian on a six-dimensional space M4×S2. The model turned out to be very rigid and identified the Weinberg angle with the angle between two neighbor roots in the Cartan diagram of the gauge group. leading to θW=60° for SU(3), θW=45° for O(5) and θW=30° for G2 and to the equality of the masses of the Z particle and of the Higgs boson. We generalize this model by identifying the Yang-Mills Lagrangian with a part of the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian on the fibre bundle P(M4×S2), and by adding to it a Gauss-Bonnet invariant. which produces new terms, quartic and cubic in Fμν. This in turn modifies the definition of the Weinberg angle and the Higgs mass. The new free parameter is the dimensional factor in front of the Gauss-Bonnet term. We discuss the values of MW, MZ and MH in function of this parameter and the radii of the internal space S2 of the gauge group G. Realistic values can be obtained if the Gauss-Bonnet term contributes to the Lagrangian with a negative sign.

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Balakin, Alexander, Heinz Dehnen, and Alexei Zayats. "Non-minimal pp-wave Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model: color cross-effects induced by curvature." General Relativity and Gravitation 40, no. 12 (March 13, 2008): 2493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-008-0634-4.

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BRAU, F., V. BRIHAYE, and D. H. TCHRAKIAN. "INSTANTONS AND SPHALERONS IN SKYRMED WEINBERG–SALAM MODELS AND GRASSMANNIAN MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 02 (January 20, 2000): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00000112.

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Several Lagrangians describing the SU(2) Yang–Mills (YM) field interacting with matter are considered, which support both instantons (in four Euclidean dimensions) and sphaleron (in three dimensions, static) solutions. The matter fields are the complex Higgs doublet for the Weinberg–Salam (WS) model, and a (2 × 4) Grassmannian model. These Lagrangians feature Skyrme-like extensions to enable the existence of the instantons, which decay as pure gauge at infinity. For two of these models, we have numerically integrated the one-dimensional system arising from the imposition of radial ansatz.

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Cieri, L., and F. A. Schaposnik. "The Dyon Charge in Noncommutative Gauge Theories." Research Letters in Physics 2008 (December 9, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/890916.

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We construct a dyon solution for the noncommutative version of the Yang-Mills-Higgs model with a ϑ-term. Extending the Noether method to the case of a noncommutative gauge theory, we analyze the effect of CP violation induced both by the ϑ-term and by noncommutativity proving that the Witten effect formula for the dyon charge remains the same as in ordinary space.

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29

Antonov, Dmitry. "Paramagnetic versus Diamagnetic Interaction in the SU(2) Higgs Model." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101237.

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We present an analytic calculation of the paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions to the one-loop effective action in the SU(2) Higgs model. The paramagnetic contribution is produced by the gauge boson, while the diamagnetic contribution is produced by the gauge boson and the ghost. In the limit, where these particles are massless, the standard result of - 12 for the ratio of the paramagnetic to the diamagnetic contribution is reproduced. If the mass of the gauge boson and the ghost become much larger than the inverse vacuum correlation lengths of the Yang–Mills vacuum, the value of the ratio goes to - 8 . We also find that the same values of the ratio are achieved in the deconfinement phase of the model, up to the temperatures at which the dimensional reduction occurs.

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30

Lugo, A., J. M. Pérez Ipiña, and F. A. Schaposnik. "Black holes in magnetic monopoles with a dark halo." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 01 (January 10, 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500027.

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We study a spontaneously broken Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs model coupled via a Higgs portal to an uncharged scalar [Formula: see text]. We present a phase diagram of self-gravitating solutions showing that depending on the choice of parameters of the [Formula: see text] scalar potential and the Higgs portal coupling constant [Formula: see text], one can identify different regions: If [Formula: see text] is sufficiently small, a [Formula: see text] halo is created around the monopole core which in turn surrounds a black hole. For larger values of [Formula: see text], no halo exists and the solution is just a black hole monopole one. When the horizon radius grows and becomes larger than the monopole radius, solely a black hole solution exists. Because of the presence of the [Formula: see text] scalar, a bound for the Higgs potential coupling constant exists and when it is not satisfied, the vacuum is unstable and no nontrivial solution exists. We briefly comment on possible connections of our results with those found in recent dark matter axion models.

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31

Hofmann, Ralf. "SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics: A priori estimate and radiative corrections." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202053.

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We review and explain essential characteristics of the a priori estimate of the thermal ground state and its excitations in the deconfining phase of SU(2) Quantum Yang-Mills thermodynamics. This includes the spatially central and peripheral structure of Harrington-Shepard (anti)calorons, a sketch on how a spatial coarse-graining over (anti)caloron centers yields an inert scalar field, which is responsible for an adjoint Higgs mechanism, the identification of (anti)caloron action with ħ, a discussion of how, owing to (anti)caloron structure, the thermal ground state can be excited (wave-like and particlelike massless modes, massive thermal quasiparticle fluctuations), the principle role of and accounting for radiative corrections, the exclusion of energy-sign combinations due to constraints on momenta transfers in four-vertices in a completely fixed, physical gauge, dihedral diagrams and their resummation up to infinite loop order in the massive sector, and the resummation of the one-loop polarisation tensor of the massless modes. We also outline applications of deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) which affect the cosmological model at high redshifts, the redshift for re-ionization of the Universe, the CMB angular power spectra at low l, and the late-time emergence of intergalactic magnetic fields.

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32

KHOLODENKO, ARKADY L. "GRAVITY-ASSISTED SOLUTION OF THE MASS GAP PROBLEM FOR PURE YANG–MILLS FIELDS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 06 (September 2011): 1355–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005646.

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In 1979, Louis Witten demonstrated that stationary axially symmetric Einstein field equations and those for static axially symmetric self-dual SU (2) gauge fields can both be reduced to the same (Ernst) equation. In this paper, we use this result as point of departure to prove the existence of the mass gap for quantum source-free Yang–Mills (Y–M) fields. The proof is facilitated by results of our recently published paper, J. Geom. Phys.59 (2009) 600–619. Since both pure gravity, the Einstein–Maxwell and pure Y–M fields are described for axially symmetric configurations by the Ernst equation classically, their quantum descriptions are likely to be interrelated. Correctness of this conjecture is successfully checked by reproducing (by different methods) results of Korotkin and Nicolai, Nucl. Phys. B475 (1996) 397–439, on dimensionally reduced quantum gravity. Consequently, numerous new results supporting the Faddeev–Skyrme (F–S)-type models are obtained. We found that the F–S-like model is best suited for description of electroweak interactions while strong interactions require extension of Witten's results to the SU(3) gauge group. Such an extension is nontrivial. It is linked with the symmetry group SU (3) × SU (2) × U (1) of the standard model. This result is quite rigid and should be taken into account in development of all grand unified theories. Also, the alternative (to the F–S-like) model emerges as by-product of such an extension. Both models are related to each other via known symmetry transformation. Both models possess gap in their excitation spectrum and are capable of producing knotted/linked configurations of gauge/gravity fields. In addition, the paper discusses relevance of the obtained results to heterotic strings and to scattering processes involving topology change. It ends with discussion about usefulness of this information for searches of Higgs boson.

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33

Shifman, Mikhail, and Arkady Vainshtein. "(In)dependence of 𝜃 in the Higgs regime without axions." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 14 (May 2, 2017): 1750084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500845.

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We revisit the issue of the vacuum angle [Formula: see text] dependence in weakly coupled (Higgsed) Yang–Mills theories. Two most popular mechanisms for eliminating physical [Formula: see text] dependence are massless quarks and axions. Anselm and Johansen noted that the vacuum angle [Formula: see text], associated with the electroweak SU(2) in the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model (Standard Model, SM), is unobservable although all fermion fields obtain masses through Higgsing and there is no axion. We generalize this idea to a broad class of Higgsed Yang–Mills theories. In the second part, we consider the consequences of Grand Unification. We start from a unifying group, e.g. SU(5), at a high ultraviolet scale and evolve the theory down within the Wilson procedure. If on the way to infrared the unifying group is broken down into a few factors, all factor groups inherit one and the same [Formula: see text] angle — that of the unifying group. We show that embedding the SM in SU(5) drastically changes the Anselm–Johansen conclusion: the electroweak vacuum angle [Formula: see text], equal to [Formula: see text] becomes in principle observable in [Formula: see text] processes. We also note in passing that if the axion mechanism is set up above the unification scale, we have one and the same axion in the electroweak theory and QCD, and their impacts are interdependent.

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34

MATOS, TONATIUH, GUILLERMO ARREAGA, and GABRIELLA PICCINELLI. "INFLATION FROM AN EFFECTIVE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS FOR CURVED SPACETIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 08, no. 03 (June 1999): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271899000250.

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Beginning from an effective theory in eight dimensions, in Ref. 1, Macias, Camacho and Matos proposed an effective model for the electroweak part of the Standard Model of particles in curved spacetime. Using this model, we investigate the cosmological consequences of the electroweak interaction in the early universe. We use the approximation that, near the Planck epoch, the Yang–Mills fields behave like a perfect fluid. Then we recover the field equations of inflationary cosmology, with the Higgs field directly related to the inflaton. We present some qualitative discussion about this and analyze the behavior of isospin space using some known exact solutions.

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35

Sibner, Lesley, Robert Sibner, and Yisong Yang. "Existence of hyperbolic calorons." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2176 (April 2015): 20140970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0970.

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Recent work of Harland shows that the SO (3)-symmetric, dimensionally reduced, charge- N self-dual Yang–Mills calorons on the hyperbolic space H 3 × S 1 may be obtained through constructing N -vortex solutions of an Abelian Higgs model as in the study of Witten on multiple instantons. In this paper, we establish the existence of such minimal action charge- N calorons by constructing arbitrarily prescribed N -vortex solutions of the Witten type equations.

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36

Montvay, I. "Embedding the N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the adjoint Higgs-Yukawa model on the lattice." Physics Letters B 344, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)01557-s.

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37

CHAVES, M., and H. MORALES. "UNIFICATION OF SU(2)⊗U(1) USING A GENERALIZED COVARIANT DERIVATIVE AND U(3)." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 25 (August 20, 1998): 2021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398002126.

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A generalization of the Yang–Mills covariant derivative, that uses both vector and scalar fields and transforms as a four-vector contracted with Dirac matrices, is used to simplify the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model. Since SU(3) assigns the wrong hypercharge to the Higgs boson, it is necessary to use a special representation of U(3) to obtain all the correct quantum numbers. A surplus gauge scalar boson emerges in the process, but it uncouples from all other particles.

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38

Stuart, David M. A. "Analysis of the adiabatic limit for solitons in classical field theory." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2087 (August 21, 2007): 2753–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0130.

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We discuss the approximation of classical field theories by reduced systems of differential equations on the space of equilibria (the adiabatic limit). Various examples in which the approximation provides a useful description of the low-energy dynamics of solitons are discussed, including the sine-Gordon equation, the Yang–Mills–Higgs equations and the Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system. Particular emphasis is given to theorems on the validity of such approximations and proofs are given in some model cases.

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39

Oxman, L. E. "BPS Center Vortices in NonrelativisticSU(N)Gauge Models with Adjoint Higgs Fields." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/494931.

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We propose a class ofSU(N)Yang-Mills models, with adjoint Higgs fields, that accept BPS center vortex equations. The lack of a local magnetic flux that could serve as an energy bound is circumvented by including a new term in the energy functional. This term tends to align, in the Lie algebra, the magnetic field and one of the adjoint Higgs fields. Finally, a reduced set of equations for the center vortex profile functions is obtained (forN=2,3). In particular,Z(3)BPS vortices come in three colours and three anticolours, obtained from an ansatz based on the defining representation and its conjugate.

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40

Kondo, Kei-Ichi, Takaaki Sasago, Toru Shinohara, Akihiro Shibata, and Seikou Kato. "Magnetic monopole versus vortex as gauge-invariant topological objects for quark confinement." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 36 (December 30, 2017): 1747015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17470157.

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First, we give a gauge-independent definition of chromomagnetic monopoles in [Formula: see text] Yang–Mills theory which is derived through a non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator. Then we discuss how such magnetic monopoles can give a nontrivial contribution to the Wilson loop operator for understanding the area law of the Wilson loop average. Next, we discuss how the magnetic monopole condensation picture are compatible with the vortex condensation picture as another promising scenario for quark confinement. We analyze the profile function of the magnetic flux tube as the non-Abelian vortex solution of [Formula: see text] gauge-Higgs model, which is to be compared with numerical simulations of the [Formula: see text] Yang–Mills theory on a lattice. This analysis gives an estimate of the string tension based on the vortex condensation picture, and possible interactions between two non-Abelian vortices.

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41

Lechtenfeld, Olaf, and Alexander D. Popov. "Skyrme and Faddeev models in the low-energy limit of 4d Yang–Mills–Higgs theories." Nuclear Physics B 945 (August 2019): 114675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114675.

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42

AOYAMA, HIDEAKI, and HISASHI KIKUCHI. "INTERACTING INSTANTONS FOR TeV PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 12 (May 10, 1992): 2741–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9200123x.

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Multi-instanton effect in the standard electroweak model for baryon and lepton number violation is discussed. Instanton interaction is shown to play a major role in the TeV range. First, the validity of the treatment of the interaction is explicitly checked in the quantum-mechanical case. Then interactions induced by both bosons and fermons are examined in the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model. They are shown to lead to an effective theory which is manifestly unitary. This results in an estimate that the relevant cross section saturates the unitary bound at the TeV scale, indicating the possibility of detecting baryon- and lepton-number-violating phenomena.

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43

WANG, YONGQIANG, TIEYAN SI, YUXIAO LIU, and YISHI DUAN. "FERMIONIC ZERO MODES IN SELF-DUAL VORTEX BACKGROUND." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 39 (December 21, 2005): 3045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305018037.

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We study fermionic zero modes in the background of self-dual vortex on a two-dimensional non-compact extra space in 5+1 dimensions. In the Abelian Higgs model, we present a unified description of the topological and non-topological self-dual vortex on the extra two dimensions. Based on it, we study the localization of bulk fermions on a brane with the inclusion of Yang–Mills and gravity backgrounds in six dimensions. Through two simple cases, it is shown that the vortex background contributes a phase shift to the fermionic zero mode, this phase is actually origin from the Aharonov–Bohm effect.

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44

Duff, M. J., and K. S. Stelle. "Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble. 23 December 1932—2 June 2016." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 70 (March 24, 2021): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2020.0040.

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Professor Tom Kibble was an internationally-renowned theoretical physicist whose contributions to theoretical physics range from the theory of elementary particles to modern early-Universe cosmology. The unifying theme behind all his work is the theory of non-abelian gauge theories, the Yang–Mills extension of electromagnetism. One of Kibble's most important pieces of work in this area was his study of the symmetry-breaking mechanism whereby the force-carrying vector particles in the theory can acquire a mass accompanied by the appearance of a massive scalar boson. This idea, put forward independently by Brout and Englert, by Higgs, and by Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble in 1964, and generalized by Kibble in 1967, lies at the heart of the Standard Model and all modern unified theories of fundamental particles. It was vindicated in 2012 by the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN. According to Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg: ‘Tom Kibble showed us why light is massless’; this is the fundamental basis of electromagnetism.

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45

LANG, C. B., M. PILCH, and B. S. SKAGERSTAM. "COMPACTIFICATION OF SPACE-TIME DIMENSIONS IN LATTICE GAUGE THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 06 (June 1988): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000618.

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The pure SU(2) Yang-Mills gauge field theory is studied in D=5 Euclidean dimensions in which case the continuum theory is nonrenormalizable. By a compactification of one dimension the effective theory, on the tree level, is equivalent to a D=4 SU(2) gauge theory with adjoint scalar fields. In a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the lattice regularized theory we confirm the existence of a first order phase transition; on asymmetric lattices we also find a higher order phase “finite temperature” transition. It is argued that the low energy continuum limit of the compactified theory nonperturbatively agrees with the renormalizable adjoint Higgs model in D=4 in the unbroken, confining phase.

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46

WIEDEMANN, A., H. J. W. MÜLLER-KIRSTEN, and D. H. TCHRAKIAN. "INVESTIGATION OF A THEORY WITH SOLITON-LIKE CONFIGURATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 10 (October 1988): 2349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88001004.

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Motivated by the study of classical finite-action field configurations of higher order Yang-Mills-Higgs theories, we construct the Lagrangian of a scalar theory in one space and one time dimensions which can serve as a relatively simple model for the investigation of the properties of theories with finite energy or action classical configurations. The condition of stability of the classical configuration, the zero mode and the significance of the latter in connection with constraints which ensure the existence of the Green’s function, are studied in detail. It is then shown how a Schrödinger equation can be established and solved whose eigenfunctionals determine the probability of field fluctuations in the neighborhood of the classical configuration.

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47

COQUEREAUX, R., G. ESPOSITO FARÈSE, and F. SCHECK. "NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY AND GRADED ALGEBRAS IN ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 26 (October 20, 1992): 6555–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9200301x.

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The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions can be described by a generalized Yang-Mills field incorporating both the usual gauge bosons and the Higgs fields. The graded derivative by means of which the Yang-Mills field strength is constructed involves both a differential acting on space-time and a differential acting on an associative graded algebra of matrices. The square of the curvature for the corresponding covariant derivative yields the bosonic Lagrangian of the Standard Model. We show how to recover the whole fermionic part of the Standard Model in this framework. Quarks and leptons fit naturally into the smallest typical and nontypical irreducible representations of the graded algebra Lie SU(2|1) associated with the above associative ℤ2-graded algebra. The existence of reducible indecomposable representations leads naturally to flavor mixing in the quark sector, possibility of existence for a right neutrino and possible mixing in the leptonic sector. We therefore bridge the gap between noncommutative geometry and graded Lie algebras. The Z2 grading refers to left and right chiralities in the fermionic sector and to even and odd forms in the bosonic sector. Supergauge transformations could only be defined in an extension of the theory incorporating tensor fields of higher rank. The Standard Model contains only one-forms and zero-forms in the bosonic sector, therefore only the even part of the above graded Lie algebra — i.e. Lie[SU(2)×U(1)] — acts.

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48

CASTRO, CARLOS. "ON THE LARGE N LIMIT, WILSON LOOPS, CONFINEMENT AND COMPOSITE ANTISYMMETRIC TENSOR FIELD THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 25 (October 10, 2004): 4251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04019718.

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A novel approach to evaluate the Wilson loops associated with a SU (∞) gauge theory in terms of pure string degrees of freedom is presented. It is based on the Guendelman–Nissimov–Pacheva formulation of composite antisymmetric tensor field theories of area (volume) preserving diffeomorphisms which admit p-brane solutions and which provide a new route to scale-symmetry breaking and confinement in Yang–Mills theory. The quantum effects are discussed and we evaluate the vacuum expectation values (VEV) of the Wilson loops in the large N limit of the quenched reduced SU (N) Yang–Mills theory in terms of a path integral involving pure string degrees of freedom. The quenched approximation is necessary to avoid a crumpling of the string worldsheet giving rise to very large Hausdorff dimensions as pointed out by Olesen. The approach is also consistent with the recent results based on the AdS/CFT correspondence and dual QCD models (dual Higgs model with dual Dirac strings). More general Loop wave equations in C-spaces (Clifford manifolds) are proposed in terms of generalized holographic variables that contain the dynamics of an aggregate of closed branes (p-loops) of various dimensionalities. This allows us to construct the higher-dimensional version of Wilson loops in terms of antisymmetric tensor fields of arbitrary rank which couple to p-branes of different dimensionality.

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49

Atmaja, Ardian Nata, and Ilham Prasetyo. "BPS Equations of Monopole and Dyon in SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs Model, Nakamula-Shiraishi Models, and Their Generalized Versions from the BPS Lagrangian Method." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7376534.

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We apply the BPS Lagrangian method to derive BPS equations of monopole and dyon in the SU2 Yang-Mills-Higgs model, Nakamula-Shiraishi models, and their generalized versions. We argue that, by identifying the effective fields of scalar field, f, and of time-component gauge field, j, explicitly by j=βf with β being a real constant, the usual BPS equations for dyon can be obtained naturally. We validate this identification by showing that both Euler-Lagrange equations for f and j are identical in the BPS limit. The value of β is bounded to β<1 due to reality condition on the resulting BPS equations. In the Born-Infeld type of actions, namely, Nakamula-Shiraishi models and their generalized versions, we find a new feature that, by adding infinitesimally the energy density up to a constant 4b2, with b being the Born-Infeld parameter, it might turn monopole (dyon) to antimonopole (antidyon) and vice versa. In all generalized versions there are additional constraint equations that relate the scalar-dependent couplings of scalar and of gauge kinetic terms or G and w, respectively. For monopole the constraint equation is G=w-1, while for dyon it is wG-β2w=1-β2 which further gives lower bound to G as such G≥2β1-β2. We also write down the complete square-forms of all effective Lagrangians.

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50

Lee, Jong-Wan, Ed Bennett, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, C. J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Maurizio Piai, and Davide Vadacchino. "Composite dynamics in Sp(2N) gauge theories." EPJ Web of Conferences 274 (2022): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227408005.

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Sp(2N) gauge theories with fermonic matter provide an ideal laboratory to build extensions of the standard model based on novel composite dynamics. Examples include composite Higgs along with top partial compositeness and composite dark matter. Without fermions, their study also complements those based on SU(Nc) gauge theories with which they share a common sector in the large Nc = 2N limit. We report on our recent progress in the numerical studies of Sp(2N) gauge theories discretised on a four-dimensional Euclidean lattice. In particular, we present preliminary results for the low-lying mass spectra of mesons and chimera baryons in the theories with N = 2. We also compute the topological susceptibility for various values of N, extrapolate the results to the large N limit, and discuss certain universal properties in Yang-Mills theories.

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