Academic literature on the topic 'Yan ye yin hang'

Abstract HSP90 mediates the folding of many important cancer-associated proteins, but it can also direct its substrates towards degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, in tumor tissues, HSP90 complexes are in an activated state relative to normal tissues, and small molecule HSP90 inhibitors display unique tumor-selective pharmacokinetics. To take advantage of these attributes, we have developed a novel targeted protein degradation technology, termed Chaperone-Mediated Protein Degradation (CHAMP), and present here an in-depth characterization of the CHAMP mechanism of action. Initially, from a chemical library of greater than 1000 linkered HSP90 binders, hetero-bifunctional CHAMPs were synthesized in which target protein binders and HSP90 binders were covalently coupled together by short linkers. The resulting compounds were screened for target protein degradation and cancer cell cytotoxicity to identify promising leads for further optimization. We found that CHAMPs can degrade a wide variety of target proteins. This included proteins that are known to be regulated by HSP90, such as transcription factor BRD4 or ERK5 kinase. However, proteins that are normally independent of HSP90 function can also be degraded, including mutated KRAS and SHP2 phosphatase. In vitro, CHAMP treatment of cells resulted in formation of a ternary complex between the target protein, CHAMP compound and HSP90. Moreover, an X-ray crystal structure was solved for a mKRAS-CHAMP-HSP90 ternary complex. CHAMP-mediated degradation required both the target- and HSP90-binding moieties to be covalently coupled and involved ubiquitination of the target protein. Multiple ubiquitin E3 ligases were present in ternary complexes, and depending on the target protein, NEDD8 inhibition or CRISPR knockouts of individual E3 ligases could suppress proteasome-dependent target degradation. In vivo, irrespective of target, CHAMPs displayed prolonged exposure in tumors relative to plasma and normal tissues, resulting in prolonged target degradation in tumors and strong tumor growth inhibition at well-tolerated doses. CHAMP technology can be applied to a diversity of cancer-associated targets and has potential advantages relative to other protein degradation approaches, including an improved safety margin due to preferential accumulation in tumor tissues. Citation Format: Xiangcai Yang, Yan Dai, Qinglin Ding, Feng Du, Jinhua Li, Chuhe Liu, Chunyang Lv, Liang Ma, Thomas L. Prince, Yuetong Sun, Mingkai Wang, Rong Wang, Yaya Wang, Zhiyong Wang, Min Wu, Mengmeng Xu, Zimo Yang, Long Ye, Wei Yin, Chenghao Ying, Haoxin Zhou, Guoqiang Wang, Weiwen Ying, Kevin P. Foley. Mechanism of action of tumor-selective, chaperone-mediated protein degraders (CHAMPs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6053.

Abstract Purpose: Cancer has become the second leading cause of death in the world. In 2020, there were 19.29 million new cancer patients and a total of 10 million deaths. Drug are the most popular ways to control the development of cancer, but the effectiveness of anti-tumor drugs is only about 25%. Drug efficacy is affected by many factors, among which the most critical is genetic variants. Genomic analysis based on large-scale population sequencing was performed to calculate the mutation frequency of antineoplastic drug-related genetic variations and systematically analyze general descriptions and population differences. Methods: Information of antineoplastic drugs is available from FDA and CFDA, and gene list comes from DrugBank, PharmGKB, FDA biomarker list and clinical guidelines. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the population mutation frequency of a single locus, and the calculation process was completed on Ali Cloud platform. GATK, ANNOVAR, PROVEAN, SIFT and other software were used for quality control, annotation and function prediction of mutations. Perl, Python, R and other computer languages were used for statistical analysis. Results: we collect 206,604 samples from mainland China for analysis, and identified 104 antineoplastic drugs and 517 drug-related genes at the same time. There were 201,774 genetic variations, most of which were intron mutations, exon mutations account for about 1% of all mutations. We found 41,955 novel mutations, which unrecorded in dbSNP, accounting for about 20.8%. Most of these mutations were rare mutations with frequencies less than 1%, subsequent prediction of mutation function also indicated that a large proportion of these mutations were deleterious. These results suggest that rare mutations may also play an important role in the use of antineoplastic drugs, which has previously been underestimated. The mutation frequency distribution of different types of genes suggests that transporters have a greater impact on personalized medicine during the use of antineoplastic drugs in China. By analyzing the genetic variation of important metabolic enzymes, we found that mutations such as UGT1A1*6, DPYD*9A, CYP2D6*2 and *10 have a high frequency and high detection probability in the Chinese population. Therefore, when patients use drugs metabolized by related metabolic enzymes, genetic testing should be done in advance to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. Regional analysis revealed that the overall differences among provinces in China were small, but the differences were large compared with other ethnic groups. Conclusion: Results of large-scale population sequencing reveal distribution and discipline of genetic variation of antineoplastic drug-related genes in Chinese population, further confirm the importance of precision medicine in cancer, and illustrate that the use of antineoplastic drugs can also be affected by ethnic differences. Citation Format: Yan Zhan, Ji-Ye Yin. Genomic analysis of antineoplastic drug-related genetic variations based on large-scale population sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB548.

Although its high carbon footprint, the Haber-Bosh (HB) process mainly dominates the NH3 production market. Indeed, H2 is mainly produced by fossil fuels steam reforming processes and the catalytic reaction between N2 and H2 requires high energy input, being carried out at high temperatures and pressures. Moreover, it should be considered that HB plants are not evenly distributed in the world, thus NH3 and its derivates transportation to the final user is a large portion of the overall environmental impact.1 Moreover, as the population is growing, the NH3 demand is increasing fast to sustain the massive fertilizer utilization. For these reasons, in the last years, the research has focused on the possibility of producing ammonia from direct nitrogen electrochemical reduction (NRR) in aqueous electrolytes under ambient conditions exploiting renewable energy. This process is limited by low selectivity at high current densities and low yield, due to the high dissociation energy of the N2 triple bond and the unavoidable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).2 On the other hand, NO3 - can be easily converted into NH3 thanks to the lower activation energy, which makes the reaction thermodynamically favoured compared to N2 reduction.3 Due to the massive agriculture, NO3 - is one of the most abundant contaminants of underground waters and high levels in the human body can cause many diseases. Thus, the use of NO3 - to produce NH3 under ambient conditions can be carried out with lower energy consumption, but can also address the water pollution issue.4 The aim of our work is to assess the catalytic activity of commercial MoS2 and a synthesised Bi-based catalyst in a gas-diffusion electrode flow cell of 10 cm2 geometrical area. Such a setup has the advantage of guaranteeing a better mass transport of the active species and of being scaled up. The electrodes are mainly made by airbrush deposition of a catalyst ink on a carbon paper support, which allows obtaining a high electrochemical active surface as a result of its high porosity. Catalyst loading and NO3 - concentration was varied to find the optimal condition in terms of Faraday efficiency (FE) and yield. MoS2 catalyst showed good catalytic activity towards NH3, with a FE between 62%-77% and yield between 2.9-13 mmol g-1 h-1. On the other hand, synthesised Bi material showed 21% FE and 0.41 mmol h-1 g-1, probably due to Bi final oxidation state, which is not so active towards NH3 production. NH3 quantification has been carried out through UV-vis colourimetric method, using both Nessler’s and Berthelot’s reagents. Even if the concentration of NH3 is high enough to exclude that it can derive from contamination, more sensitive quantification is needed for these experiments, together with the quantification of side products, such as NO2 -, H2 and N2. References 1. M. A. Mushtaq, M. Arif, G. Yasin, M. Tabish, A. Kumar, S. Ibraheem, W. Ye, S. Ajmal, J. Zhao, P. Li, J. Liu, A. Saad, X. Fang, X. Cai, S. Ji and D. Yan, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2023, 176, 113197. 2. H. Iriawan, S. Z. Andersen, X. Zhang, B. M. Comer, J. Barrio, P. Chen, A. J. Medford, I. E. L. Stephens, I. Chorkendorff and Y. Shao-Horn, Nat. Rev. Methods Prim. 2021 11, 2021, 1, 1–26. 3. Q. Liu, Q. Liu, L. Xie, Y. Ji, T. Li, B. Zhang, N. Li, B. Tang, Y. Liu, S. Gao, Y. Luo, L. Yu, Q. Kong and X. Sun, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 17312–17318. 4. G. F. Chen, Y. Yuan, H. Jiang, S. Y. Ren, L. X. Ding, L. Ma, T. Wu, J. Lu and H. Wang, Nat. Energy 2020 58, 2020, 5, 605–613. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 948769, project title: SuN2rise).

Abstract Background: MET gene amplification is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJ). Savolitinib is a potent and highly selective oral MET tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. Here we reported the preliminary efficacy and safety from a phase 2 trial of savolitinib monotherapy in patients (pts) with MET-amplified advanced or metastatic GC/GEJ. (NCT04923932). Methods: Eligible pts had 2L+ GEJ or GC, with MET amplification and measurable lesions. Pts received savolitinib at 600 mg QD for body weight (BW) ≥50 kg, while 400 mg QD for BW <50 kg in 21-day cycles until disease progression or meeting other criteria for end of treatment. Savolitinib BID regimen has also been additionally explored. The primary endpoint was objective overall response rate (ORR) evaluated by Independent Review Committee (IRC). One interim analysis (IA) was pre-defined at the first 20 QD pts who had at least 2 tumor assessments. Results: As of IA, 20 pts were enrolled for QD regimen. Demographics and clinical outcomes are shown in table 1. The mean relative dose intensity of 93.07%. Median duration of exposure was 2.09 months. Confirmed ORR by IRC was 45%, and reached 50% in 16 patients with MET GCN (high) while only 1 PR was observed in 4 patients with MET GCN (low). Duration of response rate at 4-month was 85.7% with median follow up time of 5.5 months. The most common Gr≥3 TRAE (≥5%) were platelet count decreased, hypersensitivity, anemia, neutropenia and hepatic function abnormal. In all pts, only 1 patient discontinued treatment due to grade 4 liver function abnormal (TRAE) and no patient died due to TRAE. Conclusion: Savolitinib monotherapy had manageable safety and showed promising efficacy in pts with MET-amplified GEJ or GC, particularly in pts with MET high GCN. BID regimen is being investigated to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of savolitinib in pts with MET high GCN. Table 1. Pts baseline characteristics and clinical efficacy Baseline Characteristics ITT in IA (n=20) Median age (min, max), yearsSex (male/female), nECOG (0/1/2)Median BMI (min, max), (kg/m2)Primary location of tumor (GC/GEJ)Tumor stage (IV)Prior line of therapy (1/2/≥3)MET GCN (high/low) 57.00 (39.5, 76.8)17/33/15/220.8 (14.9, 25.8)16/4205/10/516/4 Clinical Efficacy By IRC By Investigator Confirmed objective response rateDisease control rate4m-DoR rate,% (95% CI) 45%65%85.7 (33.4, 97.9) 40%55%71.4 (25.8, 92.0) Citation Format: Zhi Peng, Hua Wang, Baorui Liu, Huiting Xu, Zhenyang Liu, Tianshu Liu, Jun Zhang, Yuxian Bai, Ying Yuan, Tao Wu, Feng Ye, Qinghua Pan, Jufeng Wang, Enxiao Li, Diansheng Zhong, Yueyin Pan, Yanru Qin, Yan Yang, Yusheng Wang, Aiping Zhou, Yongshun Chen, Dianbao Zhang, Hongli Liu, Xiujuan Qu, Shubin Wang, Ning Liu, Jinsheng Wu, Wei Li, Kejun Nan, Hongming Pan, Jianming Xu, Chunmei Bai, Heling Liu, Jia Wei, Runzhi Chen, Rongrong Li, Wei Li, Jinghong Zhou, Hongyan Yin, Qian Xu, Songhua Fan, Yongxin Ren, Weiguo Su, Lin Shen. A multicenter Phase II study of savolitinib in patients with MET-amplified gastroesophogeal junction adenocarcinomas or gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT152.

A pivotal component of national climate strategies is the transition of the energy sector from fossil fuels to green energy. In this context, electrochemical processes will play a significant role in the future, requiring electrochemical systems with high efficiency and maximum system life cycles.1,2 For industrial electrochemical systems capital and operating costs are often reduced by a system design with a shared and circulating electrolyte supply providing ionically conductive cell-to-cell pathways. Under such conditions, parasitic ion migration occurs between adjacent cells, known as shunt currents.3,4 Shunt currents can have severe implications, such as decrease in faraday efficiency, material corrosion or interferences with instrumentation 3,5,6. To ensure high efficiency and maximum system life cycle, shunt current estimation is of high importance for the design of electrochemical multi-cell systems. A widely used approach in the literature is the theoretical, model-based approach using equivalent circuit models for shunt current determination7–9. Only a few publications demonstrate experimental determination methods 10,11. Furthermore, most shunt current studies in the field of electrochemistry focus on redox flow batteries. This work shows an innovative experimental approach for direct shunt current measurements between two alkaline water electrolysis cells with shared and circulating electrolyte feed under various conditions. The flow field design enables the insertion of reference electrodes into the flow cells for direct measurement of the potential differences between adjacent electrodes. Combined with the experimental data of the ionic tube resistances, the cell-to-cell shunt currents were accurately determined. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model was created, fed with experimental data and validated with measured results. After successful validation the model was extended to electrolysis systems with more than two cells. Experimental data and simulations are in good agreement. The conducted experiments show the impact of temperature, cell voltage and tube manifold geometry on shunt current formation between alkaline water electrolyzers. Simulations performed are carried out to calculate shunt currents as a function of these parameters in large multi-cell systems. Furthermore, efficiency losses and corrosion processes as a result of shunt currents are estimated based on the results of this work. Literature Baños R, Manzano-Agugliaro F, Montoya FG, Gil C, Alcayde A, Gómez J. Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2011;15(4):1753-1766. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.12.008 Yan Z, Hitt JL, Turner JA, Mallouk TE. Renewable electricity storage using electrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(23):12558-12563. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821686116 Delgado NM, Monteiro R, Cruz J, Bentien A, Mendes A. Shunt currents in vanadium redox flow batteries – a parametric and optimization study. Electrochim Acta. 2022;403:139667. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139667 Kaminski EA, Savinell RF. A Technique for Calculating Shunt Leakage and Cell Currents in Bipolar Stacks Having Divided or Undivided Cells. J Electrochem Soc. 1983;130(5):1103-1107. doi:10.1149/1.2119891 Yin C, Guo S, Fang H, Liu J, Li Y, Tang H. Numerical and experimental studies of stack shunt current for vanadium redox flow battery. Appl Energy. 2015;151:237-248. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.080 Pletcher D, Walsh FC. Industrial Electrochemistry. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. Schaeffer JA, Chen L Der, Seaba JP. Shunt current calculation of fuel cell stack using Simulink®. J Power Sources. 2008;182(2):599-602. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.014 Wandschneider FT, Röhm S, Fischer P, Pinkwart K, Tübke J, Nirschl H. A multi-stack simulation of shunt currents in vanadium redox flow batteries. J Power Sources. 2014;261:64-74. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.054 Ye Q, Hu J, Cheng P, Ma Z. Design trade-offs among shunt current, pumping loss and compactness in the piping system of a multi-stack vanadium flow battery. J Power Sources. 2015;296:352-364. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.138 Rous̆ar I, Cezner V. Experimental Determination and Calculation of Parasitic Currents in Bipolar Electrolyzers with Application to Chlorate Electrolyzer. J Electrochem Soc. 1974;121(5):648. doi:10.1149/1.2401878 Fink H, Remy M. Shunt currents in vanadium flow batteries: Measurement, modelling and implications for efficiency. J Power Sources. 2015;284:547-553. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.057

<p>近代所謂漢字文化圈者，意謂在東亞區域之內諸國受中國文化之影響，舉凡儒學、佛教及技術等，皆由中國而向外傳至日、韓、琉及越南等，東亞諸國的文化交流的媒介自然是以漢字為主。</p> <p>東亞交流雖自六朝開始，但當時並無官方語音的觀念，因此交流之時自以當時主流發音為主，而主流發音則隨政治、經濟形勢而變。六朝時以南方吳音為主流，唐時以河洛及西北方音為主流，南宋時則以蘇杭音為主流。</p> <p>書寫文字雖同，但音調則有差異，這對其他諸國而言，也是有所困擾，音調雖有變化，但書寫則不變，筆談即是東亞交流中溝通的媒介。</p> <p>明太祖所建立起朝貢制度，政治及經濟來往熱絡，朝鮮作為明朝與日本的紐帶，明、朝之間的燕行使與朝、日之間的通信使，交往之時大體透過筆談溝通。甚至越南與琉球、日本交往之時亦復透過筆談溝通。</p> <p>筆談之事，少見於唐宋，入明則筆談的記錄頻率轉增，然則筆談出現的頻率則證諸東亞交流的狀況及文化交流的盛景，其事雖簡，其義則甚重大。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The so-called Chinese cultural circle in modern times means that all countries in the East Asian region are influenced by Chinese culture, and all Confucianism, Buddhism, and technology have been spread from China to Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and Vietnam, and other countries in East Asia. The medium of cultural exchange is naturally based on Chinese characters.</p> <p>Although the East Asia exchange started from the Six Dynasties, there was no concept of official speech at that time. Therefore, the main stream of pronunciation was mainly from the time when the exchange was made, and the mainstream pronunciation changed with the political and economic situation. At the time of the Six Dynasties, Wu Yin was the mainstream in the South. In the Tang Dynasty, Heluo and Northwestern were the mainstream. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Su Hang sound was the mainstream.</p> <p>Although the written words are the same, but the tones are different, this is also a nuisance to other countries. Although the tone changes, the writing remains the same. The pen talk is the medium of communication in East Asian communication.</p> <p>Ming Taizu established the tributary system, political and economic exchanges, North Korea as the ties between the Ming Dynasty and Japan, the Yan Dynasty between the Ming Dynasty and the DPRK to exercise communication with the DPRK and Japan, when the exchanges are generally communicated through the pen. Even when Vietnam communicates with Ryukyu and Japan, it communicates through pen talks.</p> <p>The things in pen talk are rare in the Tang and Song dynasties. The frequency of writing records in Ming Ming&rsquo;s writings has increased. However, the frequency of conversations in writing has confirmed the status of exchanges in East Asia and the grand scene of cultural exchanges. Although the matter is simple, its significance is very significant.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Abstract Background: SHR-A1811 is an ADC comprised of a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab), a cleavable linker, and a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. Here we assessed SHR-A1811 in HER2-expressing/mutated unresectable, advanced, or metastatic solid tumors. Methods: Pts were eligible if they had HER2 positive breast cancer (BC), HER2 positive gastric/GEJ carcinoma, HER2 low-expressing BC, HER2-expressing/mutated NSCLC, or other HER2-expressing/mutated solid tumors, and were refractory or intolerant to standard therapy. SHR-A1811 at doses of 1.0-8.0 mg/kg was given Q3W (IV). The primary endpoints were DLT, safety, and the RP2D. Results: From Sep 7, 2020 to Sep 28, 2022, 250 pts who had undergone a median of 3 prior treatment lines in the metastatic setting received at least one dose of SHR-A1811 in dose escalation, PK expansion, and indication expansion part. As of data cutoff on Sep 28, 2022, 1 pt experienced DLT. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 243 (97.2%) pts. Grade ≥3 TRAEs, serious TRAEs, and treatment-related deaths were reported in 131 (52.4%), 31 (12.4%), and 3 (1.2%) pts, respectively. Interstitial lung disease (AESI) was reported in 8 (3.2%) pts. Exposures of SHR-A1811, total antibody, and the payload were generally proportional to dose from 3.2 to 8.0 mg/kg. ORR was 61.6% (154/250, 95% CI 55.3-67.7) in all pts. Objective responses were observed in pts with HER2 positive BC (88/108, ORR 81.5%, 95% CI 72.9-88.3), HER2-low BC (43/77, ORR 55.8%, 95% CI 44.1-67.2), urothelial carcinoma (7/11), colorectal cancer (3/10), gastric/GEJ carcinoma (5/9), biliary tract cancer (5/8), NSCLC (1/3), endometrial cancer (1/2), and H&N cancer (1/1). Subgroup analyses of ORR are shown in Table 1. The 6-month PFS rate was 73.9% in all pts. Conclusions: SHR-A1811 was well-tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors. Table 1. Subgroup analyses of ORR No. of prior treatment lines in metastatic setting in all pts (N=250) HER2 positive BC (N=108) HER2-low BC (N=77) Other tumor types (N=65) ≤3 81.8% (45/55) 58.7% (27/46) 36.7% (18/49) &gt;3 81.1% (43/53) 51.6% (16/31) 31.3% (5/16) Prior anti-HER2 therapies in pts with BC (N=185)* HER2 positive BC (N=108) HER2-low BC (N=77) All BC (N=185) Any 82.2% (88/107, 73.7-89.0) 68.8% (11/16, 41.3-89.0) 80.5% (99/123, 72.4-87.1) Trastuzumab 81.9% (86/105, 73.2-88.7) 75.0% (9/12, 42.8-94.5) 81.2% (95/117, 72.9-87.8) Pertuzumab 83.0% (39/47, 69.2-92.4) 100% (5/5, 47.8-100) 84.6% (44/52, 71.9-93.1) Pyrotinib 86.9% (53/61, 75.8-94.1) 71.4% (5/7, 29.0-96.3) 85.3% (58/68, 74.6-92.7) Lapatinib 80.0% (28/35, 63.1-91.6) 100% (1/1, 2.5-100) 80.6% (29/36, 64.0-91.8) T-DM1 82.4% (14/17, 56.6-96.2) 100% (3/3, 29.2-100) 85.0% (17/20, 62.1-96.8) Other HER2-ADC (except T-DM1)** 60.0% (9/15, 32.3-83.7) 50.0% (2/4, 6.8-93.2) 57.9% (11/19, 33.5-79.8) ORR in pts with tumor types other than BC (N=65) HER2 IHC3+ or IHC2+/ISH+ (N=36) HER2 IHC2+/ISH- or IHC1+ or unknown (N=29) All other tumor types (N=65) % (n/N) 38.9% (14/36) 31.0% (9/29) 35.4% (23/65) ORR was shown as % (n/N, 95% CI) or % (n/N). *ORR is calculated using the number of subjects previously treated with anti-HER2 cancer therapy in advanced/metastatic setting as denominator; 2-sided 95% CIs are estimated using Clopper-Pearson method. **Includes RC48-ADC, A166, DP303c, MRG002, ARX788, TAA013, DX126-262, PF-06804103, and BAT8001. Citation Format: Herui Yao, Min Yan, Zhongsheng Tong, Xinhong Wu, Min-Hee Ryu, Jee Hyun Kim, John Park, Yahua Zhong, Weiqing Han, Caigang Liu, Mark Voskoboynik, Qun Qin, Jian Zhang, Minal Barve, Ana Acuna-Villaorduna, Vinod Ganju, Seock-Ah Im, Changsheng Ye, Yongmei Yin, Amitesh C. Roy, Li-Yuan Bai, Yung-Chang Lin, Chia-Jui Yen, Hui Li, Ki Young Chung, Shanzhi Gu, Jun Qian, Yuee Teng, Yiding Chen, Yu Shen, Kaijing Zhao, Shangyi Rong, Xiaoyu Zhu, Erwei Song. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of SHR-A1811 in HER2-expressing/mutated advanced solid tumors: A global phase 1, multi-center, first-in-human study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT175.

Heavy metals contamination is a serious threat to all life forms. Long term exposure of heavy metals can lead to different life-threatening medical conditions including cancers of different body parts. Phytoremediation and bioremediation offer a potential eco-friendly solution to such problems. Different microbes can interact with heavy metals in a variety of ways such as biotransformation, oxidation/reduction, and biosorption. Phytoremediation of the heavy metals using plants mostly involves rhizofilteration, phytoextraction, phytovolatization, and Phyto stabilization. A synergistic approach using both plants and microbes has proven much more efficient as compared to the individual applications of microbes or plants. This article aims to highlight the synergistic methods used in bioremediation, emphasizing the potent collaboration between bacteria and plants for environmental cleaning, along with the discussion of the importance of site-specific variables and potential constraints. While identifying the necessity for all-encompassing solutions, this review places emphasis on the combination of methodologies as a multifarious rehabilitation approach. This discussion offers insightful suggestions for scholars, scientists and decision-makers about the sustainable recovery of heavy metal-contaminated environments using a comprehensive strategy. REFERENCES Ankit, Bauddh K, Korstad J (2022). Phycoremediation: Use of algae to sequester heavy metals. Hydrobiol. 1(3): 288-303. Arantza SJ, Hiram MR, Erika K, Chávez-Avilés MN, Valiente-Banuet JI, Fierros-Romero G (2022). Bio-and phytoremediation: Plants and microbes to the rescue of heavy metal polluted soils. SN Appl. Sci. 4(2): 59. Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC (2016). Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32: 1-18. Berti WR, Cunningham SD (2000). Phytostabilization of metals. 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Diabetes Mellitus has been becoming a disease of the century, and disease incidence is still rising worldwide. It causes many serious complications, especially in the eye, heart, kidneys, brain, and vascular system, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, liver fa­ilure, etc. Moreover, the process of controlling this disease is complicated. Meanwhile, the antidiabetic drugs on the market are facing some problems with a wide range of adverse reactions. Therefore, finding new drugs to treat diabetes has always been a topic that many researchers are interested in, especially drugs derived from nature like microorganisms and medicinal plants. This review is to provide knowledge concerning the effects of α-glucosidase inhibitors, which are oral antidiabetic drugs commonly used for diabetes mellitus type 2. Besides, we show readers the variety of active ingredients originating from nature, particularly the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus spp., which have many applications in the chemical and medicinal industry. Keywords: Diabetes, α-glucosidase inhibitors, Aspergillus. References [1] W. H. Organization, Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/diabetes (accessed on: May 11th, 2021).[2] J. Thrasher, Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Available Therapies, Am J Cardiol, Vol. 120, No. 1, 2017, pp. S4-S16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.05.009.[3] W. Hakamata, M. Kurihara, H. Okuda, T. Nishio, T. 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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 References [1] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. 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