Journal articles: 'YAG'

1

Wang, Rongrong, Yucheng Wang, Zhengyi Fu, Hao Wang, Weimin Wang, Jinyong Zhang, and Jiaoqun Zhu. "Spark plasma sintering of transparent YAG ceramics assisted by the YAH–YAG phase transformation." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 36, no. 8 (July 2016): 2153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.02.038.

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Vorona, Ihor, Roman Yavetskiy, Andrey Doroshenko, Sergey Parkhomenko, Ekaterina Chernomorets, Alexander Tolmachev, Sergey Frolov, Viktor Taranenko, Ruslan Limarenko, and Denis Kosyanov. "Reactive sintering of highly-doped YAG/Nd3+:YAG/YAG composite ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 11, no. 4 (2017): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1704290v.

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Multilayer YAG/Nd3+:YAG/YAG composite laser ceramics were obtained by the reactive sintering in vacuum. The effect of the neodymium ion concentration (1-4 at.%) on the formation of defects and optical quality of composite ceramics was studied. It was found that neodymium ions modify densification kinetics during solid-state reactive sintering of the highly-doped Nd3+:YAG ceramics by decreasing shrinkage rate in the temperature range 1320-1350 ?C. Differences in phase transformation kinetics during reactive sintering lead to generation of pores at the interface of adjacent layers which decrease the optical homogeneity of fabricated YAG/Nd3+:YAG/YAG composite ceramics. The influence of layered structure on the laser performance of optical ceramics was investigated. It was shown that the ceramics with multilayer composite architecture have slope efficiency almost twice as the single-layer ceramics with the same composition (22% and 12.5%, respectively).

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Асатрян, Г. Р., Е. В. Единач, Ю. А. Успенская, Р. А. Бабунц, А. Г. Бадалян, Н. Г. Романов, А. Г. Петросян, and П. Г. Баранов. "Влияние антисайт-дефектов в иттрий-алюминиевом гранате на парамагнитные центры Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- и Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-." Физика твердого тела 62, no. 11 (2020): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2020.11.50065.124.

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В кристаллах иттрий-алюминиевого граната (YAG), содержащих примеси тербия и церия, наряду с основными сигналами электронного парамагнитного резонанса (ЭПР) ионов Tb3+ и Се3+, находящихся в додекаэдрических узлах решетки YAG в регулярном окружении, наблюдались линии с меньшей (несколько процентов) интенсивностью. Они также принадлежат парамагнитным центрам тербия и церия, но характеризуются несколько измененными параметрами --- начальным расщеплением уровней для некрамерсовых ионов Tb3+ и g-факторами для ионов Се3+. Показано, что природа таких центров и их число могут быть объяснены присутствием антисайт-дефектов YAl (ионов иттрия в октаэдрических позициях алюминия) в окружении Tb3+ и Се3+. Ключевые слова: электронный парамагнитный резонанс, иттрий-алюминиевый гранат, редкоземельные элементы, антисайт-дефекты.

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Avirneni, Ramana Kumari. "Development of Novel Substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro Cyclohex-1,2,3-trihydro Cyclopenta [B] Indole Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 1044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50280.

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Abstract: The current study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate a specific class of heterocyclic compounds called fused polycyclic indoles, in combination with carbazoles, carbolines, and their partially saturated counterparts. These compounds have been known to have potent biological activity. The study's procedures involve synthesizing these compounds and evaluating them for central nervous system activity. Results showed that all the compounds had CNS-depressing effects in mice. Some compounds, such as YA1 and YA5, were found to have a stronger CNS-depressing activity than others. All compounds tested, YA1 to YA7, caused more than 50% change in locomotor activity when compared to a standard drug. YA3 and YA5 were found to have the highest activity at 86.2% and 83.9% respectively after 120 minutes of administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg. In addition, the acute oral toxicity studies showed that YA3 was non-toxic and YA5 was found to be toxic. The findings of the study provide evidence that these title compounds have good CNS activity.

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Song, Jie Guang, Xiu Qin Wang, Fang Wang, Shi Bin Li, and Gang Chang Ji. "Influence of Coated Composite Powders on the Properties of ZrB₂-YAG-Al₂O₃ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.451.

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ZrB2, YAG and Al2O3 are widely applied because of some excellent performances, but ZrB2 is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air. To make the ZrB2 ceramics obtain better oxidation resistance, high-density ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics were prepared. The influences of coated composite powders on the densification and the oxidation resistance of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics were investigated. The 80wt%ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 multiphase ceramic materials from different composite raw materials with the spark plasma sintering technique were successfully prepared. The densification of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics with Al2O3-Y2O3 composite powder coated is easier than that of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics with YAG-Al2O3 powder mixed. The reaction temperature is lower than the 1100¡æ for synthesizing YAG powders from Al2O3-Y2O3 composite powders. The weight gain are increased with increased the oxidation temperature. B2O3 is reacted with Al2O3 to form Al18B4O33, Al18B4O33 is melted and coated on the surface of ceramics to form a protective layer for the oxidation resistance of ceramics at high temperature. The oxidation weight gain of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramic with Al2O3-Y2O3 composite powder coated is lower than that of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramic with YAG-Al2O3 powder mixed.

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JIANG Wei, 江炜, 何青 HE Qing, 陈振强 CHEN Zhen-qiang, 朱思祁 ZHU Si-qi, 陈在俊 CHEN Zai-jun, 王苏娥 WANG Su-e, 陈雨娇 CHEN Yu-jiao, and 尹浩 YIN Hao. "LD Side-pumped Laser Based on Nd∶YAG/Cr∶YAG/YAG Composite Crystal." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 43, no. 4 (2014): 414002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20144304.0414002.

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LI Jing-zhao, 李景照, 陈振强 CHEN Zhen-qiang, and 朱思祁 ZHU Si-qi. "Passively Q-switched laser with a Yb∶YAG/Cr4+∶YAG/YAG composite crystal." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 1 (2018): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182601.0055.

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8

Wan, Yan, Meiyu Li, Erjuan Xie, Shoulei Xu, Yuyang Huang, and Wen Deng. "Luminescent properties and first-principles calculations of (Cr,Ca):YAG crystals." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440702.

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The single crystals of YAG, Cr:YAG and (Cr,Ca):YAG were grown in an optical floating zone furnace. The experimental results show that the optical bandgap of the YAG, (Cr,Ca):YAG and Cr:YAG crystals is about 6.52, 6.31 and 5.50 eV, respectively. The optical bandgap of the (Cr,Ca):YAG crystal is smaller than YAG and larger than Cr:YAG. First-principles calculation results showed that the additions of Cr into YAG will give rise to the change of the electronic states. In a Cr:YAG crystal, the Cr[Formula: see text] impurity introduces a band of 3[Formula: see text] occupied state near the Fermi level, which significantly narrowed the bandgap of Cr:YAG. In a (Cr,Ca):YAG crystal, as the Ca[Formula: see text] ions substitute for the Y[Formula: see text] ions, some of the Cr[Formula: see text] ions will change into Cr[Formula: see text] ions due to the charge balance, which increased the bandgap of the (Cr,Ca):YAG crystal in comparison with that of the Cr:YAG crystal. The calculation is in agreement with the experimental results.

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9

Zhao, Wen Bo, Xin Liang, Fa Mei Hu, Liang Liang You, Bo Feng Ma, Ruo Lan Wang, Hong Ying Liu, et al. "Preparation and Properties of YAG Powder and Porous Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.217.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a chemical composition of Y3Al5O12 is an important advanced structural and functional material.The preparation conditions were a pH of 9, a titration rate of 10ml/minute and a reaction time of 60 minutes. The analysis shows that the YAG precursor does not have an obvious characteristic crystalline diffraction peak, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG was found after the calcination of the YAG precursor at 1100¡æ for 1 hour, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG is strong, which indicates that the YAG crystalline phase is integrated and pure. The pore microstructure of porous YAG ceramics marked differed with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength of porous YAG ceramics is increased with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength shows the opposite rule with the prosity, which indicaties the mechanical properties of materials are effacted with the densification effect of materials.

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10

Wu, Chang Ming, Yan Yang, Hui Min Sun, Da Deng, Mei Hua Chen, Jie Guang Song, Lin Chen, Ming Han Xu, and Cheng Wei Hao. "Effect of Molding Processing on Properties of YAG Porous Ceramics via Dry Pressing Molding Method." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.134.

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YAG materials have a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In order to improving the properties of YAG porous materials, the effect of forming processing on the properties of YAG porous ceramics is investigated. Through the results and analysis, the conclusions showed that the porosity of YAG porous ceramics gradually decreased with the molding pressure increases, and the compressive strength of YAG porous ceramics shows a rising trend. The size and number of pores in the microstructure are reduced with increasing the forming pressure, there are inherently many voids in the YAG porous ceramics body at low forming pressures. The porosity of YAG porous ceramic decreases with the increase of dwell time, however, the process of extending from 5 min to 10 min is much faster than the rate of descending from 10 min to 15 min. The size and number of pores in the microstructure are reduced with extending the holding pressure time, which also makes YAG porous ceramics pose the higher mechanical strength. Through the analysis of the results, when the forming pressure is 10MPa, the porosity of YAG porous ceramics is 41.11% and the compressive strength is 5.8MPa, the porosity and compressive strength of YAG porous ceramics is better.

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11

NIAZI, MUHAMMAD KHIZAR. "NEODYMIUM: YAG;." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4920.

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Objective: To evaluate the incidence of posterior capsule opacificationafter phacoemulsification, between acrylic and polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses, by comparing their YAG lasercapsulotomy rates. Design: It was a randomized clinical trial. Place and duration of study: Department ofOphthalmology, Military Hospital Rawalpindi, between March 2002-04. Patients and Methods: One hundred and fivepatients were randomized to receive either a foldable acrylic lens (fifty-two cases), or rigid polymethylmethacrylate lens(fifty-three cases) following phacoemulsification for cataracts. Postoperatively their visual acuities were recorded alongwith the presence of posterior capsular opacification. Laser capsulotomy was performed if the eyes had lost 2 or morelines of visual acuity. Results: The visual acuity loss at six months in the PMMA group was greater than that in theacrylic group (p< 0.001,Chi-square test).65% cases exhibiting PCO in the Polymethylmethacrylate group developedit within the first six months, whereas in the acrylic group the development of posterior capsular opacification was seeneighteen months after surgery in 60% cases. Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy was performed in 28% of cases in the PMMAgroup compared to 6% in the AcrySof group (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Acrylic intraocular lenses is associated with lessincidence of posterior capsular opacification and with a significantly reduced rate of YAG laser capsulotomy comparedwith Polymethylmethacrylate lenses.

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12

Dieulesaint, E., D. Mazerolle, and D. Royer. "YAG resonator." Electronics Letters 23, no. 11 (May 21, 1987): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19870417.

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13

ISHIDE, Takashi, Michisuke NAYAMA, Masao WATANABE, and Tadashi NAGASHIMA. "Coaxial TIG-YAG & MIG-YAG Welding Methods." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 70, no. 4 (2001): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.70.4_394.

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14

Basu, S. "Nd-YAG and Yb-YAG rotary disk lasers." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 11, no. 3 (May 2005): 626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2005.850238.

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Ishide, T., M. Nayama, M. Watanabe, and T. Nagashima. "Coaxial TIG‐YAG & MIG‐YAG welding methods." Welding International 15, no. 12 (January 2001): 940–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110109549470.

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Balashov, V. V., V. V. Bezotosnyi, E. A. Cheshev, V. P. Gordeev, A. Yu Kanaev, Yu L. Kopylov, A. L. Koromyslov, K. V. Lopukhin, K. A. Polevov, and I. M. Tupitsyn. "Composite Ceramic Nd3+:YAG/Cr4+:YAG Laser Elements." Journal of Russian Laser Research 40, no. 3 (May 2019): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-019-09795-3.

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17

Song, Jie Guang, Ai Xia Chen, Qiang Li, Zhi Wen Qiu, Jian Feng Zhou, Yong Feng Xiong, Ting Xu, Wei Wei, and Wen Tao Li. "Preparation and Charactorization of Superfine YAG Powder Materials via the Co-Precipitation Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.162.

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YAG is widely applied as the structure materials and the functional materials because of some excellent performances in the chemistry. The pure superfine YAG powder materials are prepared via the co-precipitation method after calcining the precursor of YAG at 1100°C. The superfine YAG powders has the better dispersion, the particle size distribution range is narrow bewteen 200 and 350nm. The superfine YAG mainly show near-spherical, and partly sintering behavior among the particles.

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Noda, Kunihiro, Ryo Asakura, Tetsuhiko Isobe, Masahito Morita, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Toshiro Inubushi, Tomohiro Takagi, and Michio Ohkubo. "Glycothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of YIG/YAG Nanoparticles." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.863.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanoparticles of 14.5±3.2 nm in diameter are synthesized from yttrium acetate and aluminum isopropoxide in 1,4-butanediol by autoclave treatment at 300oC for 2h. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) / YAG composite nanoparticles of 21.1±4.9 nm in diameter are synthesized from yttrium acetate and iron(III) acetylacetonate in 1,4-butanediol by autoclave treatment at 300oC for 2h using YAG nanoparticles as the seed. In contrast, YIG is not formed by the same procedure in the absence of the YAG seed. The saturation magnetizations of nanoparticles with different YIG/YAG ratios range from 11.9 to 17.8 emu/g. YIG/YAG nanoparticles dispersed in the agarose gel are observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The degree of the negative MRI contrast depends on the concentration of YIG/YAG nanoparticles.

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Zhang, Zhuo, Xiaoming Duan, Zhuo Tian, Yujin Wang, Lan Wang, Lei Chen, Baofu Qiu, et al. "Texture and anisotropy of hot-pressed h-BN matrix composite ceramics with in situ formed YAG." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 11, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0553-3.

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AbstractTextured hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) matrix composite ceramics were prepared by hot-pressing using different contents of 3Y2O3−5Al2O3 (molar ratio of 3:5) as the sintering additive. During hot-pressing, the liquid Y3Al5O12 (YAG) phase showing good wettability to h-BN grains was in situ formed through the reaction between Y2O3 and Al2O3, and a coherent relationship between h-BN and YAG was observed with $${\left[ {010} \right]_{{\rm{h}} - {\rm{BN}}}}{\rm{//}}{\left[ {111} \right]_{{\rm{YAG}}}}$$ [ 010 ] h − BN // [ 111 ] YAG and (002)h-BN//(321)YAG. In the YAG liquid phase environment formed during hot-pressing, plate-like h-BN grains were rotated under the uniaxial sintering pressure and preferentially oriented with their basal surfaces perpendicular to the sintering pressure direction, forming textured microstructures with the c-axis of h-BN grains oriented parallel to the sintering pressure direction, which give these composite ceramics anisotropy in their mechanical and thermal properties. The highest texture degree was found in the specimen with 30 wt% YAG, which also possesses the highest anisotropy degree in thermal conductivity. The aggregation of YAG phase was observed in the specimen with 40 wt% YAG, which resulted in the buckling of h-BN plates and significantly reduced the texture degree.

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Lee, Kean Chuan, Noorhana Yahya, Siti Najwa Che Yaccob, and Beh Hoe Guan. "Nano-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Interfacial Tension and Viscosity for Enhanced Oil Recovery." Advanced Materials Research 1043 (October 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.3.

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This paper describes the synthesis of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), Y3Al5O12 nanoparticles (NPs) and their application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). YAG NPs were synthesized by using sol-gel method. These NPs were then synthesized by using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The monophasic YAG having crystallites size of 40.98 nm and 40.91 nm were obtained at annealed temperature of 1100 °C and 1200 °C as determined by XRD. Magnetic measurement results show that initial permeability of YAG increased and relative loss factor decreased at high frequency. In this paper, the feasibility of application of YAG nanofluid in EOR was determined by measuring oil-nanofluid interfacial tension and also viscosity of the nanofluid. YAG with 0.5 wt% yielded the lowest IFT. It can be concluded that the synthesized YAG nanoparticle has great potential in EOR applications in the near future.

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Chaika, M. А., A. G. Doroshenko, S. V. Parkhomenko, E. G. Chernomorets, P. V. Mateichenko, and R. P. Yavetskiy. "Synthesis of optical Me2+,Cr4+:YAG ceramics for passive Q-switch." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 117 (July 11, 2017): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.117.19.

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The purpose of this work is determines of formation patterns of opti- cal ceramics Mg2+,Cr4+:YAG and Ca2+,Cr4+:YAG as model objects promising for use as a passive Q-switch. Optical ceramics Ca2+,Cr4+:YAG and Mg2+,Cr4+:YAG was synthesized by solid-phase reaction sintering in vacuum. The influence of calcium, magnesium and chromium ion concentrations on the structure and the optical properties of ceramics Mg2+,Cr4+:YAG have been investigated. The optimized chromium concentration 0.5 at. % allows to obtain Mg2+,Cr3+:YAG ceramics with optical transmission of about 81 % at λ = 1064 nm after vacuum sintering and the absorption coefficient of about 1.4 cm–1 after air annealing. The optimized calcium concentration 0.5 at. % allows to obtain Са2+,Cr3+:YAG ceramics with an optical transmission of about 80 % at λ = 1064 nm after vacuum sintering and the absorption coefficient of about 2.4 cm–1 after air annealing.

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Guo, Wan, Xin Zhao, Shu Wen Jiang, Zhi Qiang Wang, Li Zheng, Ming Liu, and Hai Lin. "Microcrystal Growth in Heat-Treating Process for Europium Ions Doped Aluminosilicate Glasses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.462.

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Eu doped YAG glass ceramics containing single phase of YAG micro-cryatals have been obtained by heat-treating the aluminosilicate precursor glasses. The primary crystallite size of YAG phase is calculated to be ~46 nm and the crystal grains grow with preffered orientation (444) in the internal network. The average secondary particle size is estimated to be ~8μm and the larger grain size is due to the particle aggregation. The pilotaxitic texture of YAG glass ceramics presented in SEM micrograph, can increase yield strength and tensile strength of the sample effectively. The emission spectrum of Eu doped YAG glass ceramics consists of a broad blue emission band and several narrow emission bands, indicating the coexistence of Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions in YAG glass ceramics.

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Egelja, Adela, Snezana Pasalic, Vladimir Dodevski, Milan Kragovic, Ivana Stojkovic-Simatovic, Zeljko Radovanovic, and Marija Stojmenovic. "Structural, morphological and electrical properties of alumina/YAG composites as solid electrolyte for IT - SOFC." Science of Sintering 50, no. 3 (2018): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1803357e.

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Alumina/YAG composites (AYX_t) with high relative density (99.2 %TD) were successfully obtained by mixing commercial alumina powder with different volume fractions of yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12-YAG; 7, 14, 21 and 28). YAG was synthetized by nitrate glycine reaction in the form of precursor powder. Polycrystalline YAG powder was obtained by calcination at 950?C for 2 h. Additionally, obtained compositions were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By XRPD analysis was found that the particle size of YAG powders lies in the nanometric range (being lower than 35 nm). By SEM microphotographs of composites were confirmed the formation of a conductive path consisting from mutually interconnected YAG particles. This was confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest electrical conductivity of grain (?g) and grain boundary (?gb) at 700?C amounted to 2.22?10-2 ?-1cm-1and 9.44?10-3 ?-1cm-1, respectively, was measured in the composite containing 21 vol% of YAG.

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Yang, Jie, Xiao Liu, Bin Zhai, Zhi Qiang Wang, Xin Zhao, and Hai Lin. "Samarium Ions Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Glass Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.216.

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Sm3+doped YAG glass ceramics containing single phase of YAG micro-crystals have been obtained by heat-treating the aluminosilicate precursor glasses. The YAG crystals grow with several preferred orientations and a dominant one (444) in the matrix, and present microcrystal sizes in the range of 3~15µm. The pilotaxitic texture existed in internal network of the YAG glass ceramics can increase yield strength and tensile strength of the sample effectively. Typical visible transition emissions of Sm3+have been observed in the YAG glass ceramics under the excitation of short-wavelength visible light, and the spectral intensity ratio between the electric dipole4G5/2→6H9/2and the magnetic dipole4G5/2→6H5/2transitions is lower than the values reported in the optical glasses specifying the enhanced symmetric nature in the Sm3+doped YAG glass ceramics. The obvious Stark splitting exhibited in emission spectrum manifests that rare-earth ions have been incorporated into YAG lattices.

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Si, Wei, Chao Ding, and Siqi Ding. "Synthesis and Characterization of YAG Nanoparticles by Ultrasound-Assisted and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Alkoxide Hydrolysis Precipitation Methods." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/408910.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted and ultrasound-microwave-assisted alkoxide hydrolysis precipitation methods. The effect of reaction parameters including pH value, ultrasonic radiation time, and calcination temperature on the composition of the products was investigated. The YAG nanoparticles and their precursor were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the single ultrasound-assisted method to synthesize YAG phase often contains intermediate phases of YAM (Y4Al2O9) and YAP (YAlO3); pure YAG phase can form only at special conditions and as single crystal. The pure phase YAG powders can be obtained at each experimental condition when using ultrasound-microwave-assisted synthesis and the grain is polycrystalline. This is due to the microwave radiation which promotes atomic diffusion and forms a lot of crystal nuclei of YAG in the precursor. The YAG nanoparticles with a grain size of 18 nm can be obtained at a calcination temperature of 900°C when using ultrasound-microwave-assisted method.

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Rao, Han, Zhaojun Liu, Zhenhua Cong, Qingjie Huang, Yang Liu, Sasa Zhang, Xingyu Zhang, et al. "High power YAG/Nd:YAG/YAG ceramic planar waveguide laser." Laser Physics Letters 14, no. 4 (February 13, 2017): 045801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/aa5d2d.

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Ishide, T., S. Tsubota, M. Watanabe, and K. Ueshiro. "Development of TIG-YAG and MIG-YAG hybrid welding." Welding International 17, no. 10 (October 2003): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/wint.2003.3173.

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Kang, Hyun-Wook, Ho Lee, Joel M. Teichman, and Ashley J. Welch. "1702: Comparison of Erbium: YAG Versus Holmium: YAG: Lithotripsy." Journal of Urology 175, no. 4S (April 2006): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33881-3.

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Charlton, A., M. R. Dickinson, T. A. King, and A. J. Freemont. "Erbium-YAG and holmium-YAG laser ablation of bone." Lasers in Medical Science 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02032593.

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Li Yongzhi, 李永智, 张萌 Zhang Meng, 闫东钰 Yan Dongyu, 朱光 Zhu Guang, 储玉喜 Chu Yuxi, and 胡明列 Hu Minglie. "基于Yb∶YAG/YAG/Cr∶YAG/YAG复合晶体的高效被动调Q激光器." Chinese Journal of Lasers 48, no. 21 (2021): 2101005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202148.2101005.

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Li, Ji Guang, Takayasu Ikegami, Jong-Heun Lee, Toshiyuki Mori, and Yoshiyuki Yajima. "Reactive yttrium aluminate garnet powder via coprecipitation using ammonium hydrogen carbonate as the precipitant." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 9 (September 2000): 1864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0269.

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Ammonium hydrogen carbonate was used as the precipitant to synthesize yttrium aluminate garnet (YAG) precursors from a mixed solution of aluminum and yttrium nitrates via coprecipitation. The carbonate precursor, with an approximate composition of NH4AlY0.6(CO3)1.9(OH)2 · 0.8H2O, transformed to pure YAG at 900 °C without the formation of intermediate phases. Reactive YAG powder was produced by calcining the precursor at 1100 °C. The YAG powder densified to 99.8% of the theoretical density by vacuum sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h, and the sintered body showed transparency. Less agglomeration of the precursor and good dispersity of the resultant YAG powder were responsible for the excellent sinterability.

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32

Wu, Yu Rong, Wang Yu Hu, and Long Shan Xu. "Calculation of Thermodynamic and Thermoelastic Properties for Ductile B2-YAg Intermetallics with Molecular Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2814.

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The thermodynamic and thermo-elastic properties of ductile intermetallic compounds YAg with B2 structure are investigate with molecular dynamics. The thermodynamic properties at various temperatures, such as lattice parameter, cohesive energy, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity, vibrational entropy and vibrational free energy are computed. The present calculated results show good agreements with available experimental and previous calculated data. At high temperature, the heat capacity tends to a constant with obeys the classical equipartition law. At 300K, the heat capacity of YAg is 23.91 J mol-1 K-1. And those data enrich thermodynamic data-base for YAg. At the whole range 0-600K, the elastic constants follow a normal behavior with temperature that those decrease with increasing temperature, and satisfy the stability conditions for YAg compound. The Cauchy pressure and B/G for YAg increase with elevating temperature. Our results mean that increasing temperature may improve ductility of YAg.

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Mlynczak, Jaroslaw, Krzysztof Kopczynski, and Nabil Belghachem. "Investigations of Non-Linear Absorption of Q-Switching Saturable Absorbers and Determination of their Main Parameters." Solid State Phenomena 230 (June 2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.230.193.

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Investigations of non-linear absorption of q-switching absorbers were carried out. Three types of saturable absorbers were examined (Cr4+:YAG at the wavelength of 1064 nm, V3+:YAG and Co2+:YAG at the wavelength of 1332 nm) and their principal parameters were estimated. To appropriately determine these parameters 48 samples of Cr4+:YAG, 42 samples of V3+:YAG and 26 samples of Co2+:YAG were investigated making the results more reliable. Three different models of analysis of saturation effect were described and the best one chosen. Using the best model for the analysis the main parameters of the saturable absorbers were determined. On the basis of so many samples the standard deviation of the ground state absorption cross section, the excited state absorption cross section and the unsaturable losses were calculated showing how the value of these parameters may differ even for the same type of crystal.

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Xu, Ming Han, Jie Guang Song, Rui Hua Wang, Shi Bin Li, Ning Wang, Si Yuan Yu, Han Xing Yan, Ting Ting Xiao, and Fei Chen. "Effect of Sintering Aids on the Properties of Porous YAG Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.178.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a chemical composition of Y3Al5O12 is an important advanced structural and functional material due to some excellent properties. The porous YAG ceramics were prepared via vacuum sintering technology, the effect of sintering aids on the properties of porous YAG ceramics were investigated in this paper. Through an analysis and discussion, the conclusions are that the porosity increases with the increasing sintering temperature from 1300°C to 1500°C, the pore is moved to the surface of sample, which forms the open pore to make the porosity increase, the more and bigger sintering neck is increased. Porous YAG ceramics are sintered at 1500°C, the regular outside shapes of porous YAG ceramic are kept using CaO and MgO as sintering aids, the outside shape of porous YAG ceramic is wrecked using Al2O3 as sintering aids, which shows the over fired phenomenon.

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Liu, M., S. W. Wang, D. Y. Tang, L. D. Chen, and J. Ma. "Fabrication and microstructures of YAG transparent ceramics." Science of Sintering 40, no. 3 (2008): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0803311l.

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YAG transparent ceramics with different microstructures were fabricated via solid-state reaction of high-purity powders. Influences of grain size, grain-boundary phases on the transmittance of the fabricated YAG ceramics were experimentally investigated. Our results confirm that the optical scattering loss in YAG ceramics is mainly caused by pores. Grain size did not influence the transmittance, and the grain-boundary phases with similar refractive index to the host only affected slightly the transmittance of the YAG transparent ceramics.

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36

Gürcan, Kübra, Erhan Ayas, İlker Yurdabak, and Safa Güngören. "Effect of Y3Al5O12 addition on the microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered ZrB2-SiC composites." Science of Sintering 54, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2201001g.

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In the present study, the addition of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) into the ZrB2-SiC composites was investigated. Composites were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1850?C under a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa for 20 min. Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties were evaluated with a various content of YAG (1-5 wt%). Obtained results showed that sintering mechanism changed from solid state to liquid phase sintering with incorporation of YAG. The highest density (99.81 % RD) and fracture toughness (6.44 ? 0.23 MPa.m1/2) were obtained for the composite containing 5 wt% YAG after the SPS process. Although hardness and elastic modulus of samples were decreased with the increasing of YAG amount, measured values were comparable with the literature.

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Chen, Quan Shui, Xiao Dong Liu, Guang Yuan Ren, Pan Yi Liang, and Hui Ma. "Study on Preparation and Characterization of YAG Ceramic Synthesized by Co-Precipitation." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1317.

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Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) has a extensive applications in many fields because of its excellent properties. In this study the products synthesized by co-precipitation method is regular, and the reaction is complete, the YAG ceramic obtained is white, its density is 2.42g/cm3 and shrinkage is 7.78%. The YAG ceramic tablets were investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the structure of YAG ceramic is loose with spherical grain size of 0.2-0.3μm. The main mineral phase of YAG ceramic is composed of polycrystalline Al5Y3O12 with good crystallinity, and containing very small amount of unreacted alumina and other impurities.

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Rightsell, Chris, David Sanchez, José Escudero, Eduardo Ortega, Gangadharan Ajithkumar, Dhiraj Sardar, and Arturo Ponce. "Synthesis of Er3+:YAG Nanocrystals and Comparative Spectroscopic Analysis with Bulk Counterparts." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020255.

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Single-crystal Er3+:YAG has long been used as a laser material, and recent work has shown polycrystalline ceramic Er3+:YAG to be a suitable laser material, with benefits of lower cost and easier production. However, relatively little work has been done with the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Er3+:YAG nanocrystals. In this work, we present the synthesis of nanocrystalline Er3+:YAG and the results of comparative spectroscopic characterization with single-crystal and polycrystalline ceramic counterparts. The results show good agreement between the optical properties of the three hosts, with the nanocrystals demonstrating relatively higher intensity in the 1.53 μm emission. These results demonstrate the viability of Er3+:YAG nanocrystals as a potential laser material.

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GUO Jun-hong, 郭俊宏, 段延敏 DUAN Yan-min, 张静 ZHANG Jing, 袁先漳 YUAN Xian-zhang, 颜利芬 YAN Li-fen, 王鸿雁 WANG Hong-yan, and 朱海永 ZHU Hai-yong. "Investigation on Passively Q-switch Output Characteristics of Nd∶YAG/Cr4+YAG/YAG Composite Crystal Laser." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 47, no. 2 (2018): 214002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20184702.0214002.

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Zhou, HaiQiong, Siqi Zhu, Wei Jiang, Zhen Li, Yichuan Wang, Hao Yin, Zhenqiang Chen, and Jiang Yuan. "Diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched blue laser with Nd:YAG/YAG/Cr4+:YAG/YAG composite crystal." Optik 127, no. 22 (November 2016): 10588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.08.102.

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41

Wang, Xian Li, Hong Yu Gong, Yu Jun Zhang, and Song Wei Che. "Influence of YAG-Based Composite Sintering Aids on Gas Pressure Sintered BN_w/Si₃N₄ Composites." Key Engineering Materials 655 (July 2015): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.655.53.

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BNw/Si3N4composites were fabricated by gas pressure sintering process using α-Si3N4powder and self-made BN whisker as principal raw materials. The effects of different sintering additives such as YAG, MgO+YAG and RE2O3+YAG(RE=La, Sm, Dy) on the apparent porosity, microstructure, phase composition, mechanical performance and dielectric properties of the composites were analysed. The results revealed that composite sintering aids at certain ratio (MgO/RE2O3:YAG=1:5) was more conducive to ceramic densification than single YAG additive. The BNw/Si3N4sintered with La2O3+YAG acquired the highest density and the maximum bending strength (272.46 MPa) and fracture toughness(4.9 MPa·m1/2). It was speculated that ceramic densification process was related to formation of different eutectic liquid phases with different viscosity. Additionally, when the apparent porosity of BNw/Si3N4composites was 20% or less, dielectric properties of the material were mainly influenced by the porosity and the value of the permittivity and dielectric loss decreased with the increase of ceramic porosity.

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42

Perng, Reury-Perng, Yu-Chin Lee, and Kuo-Hwa Chiang. "Nd-YAG Laser Treatment for Tracheobronchial Obstruction." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/dte.3.107.

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The Nd-YAG laser has good tissue penetration and coagulation effects thus has become an important weapon for photoresection of tracheobronchial obstructive lesions since 1980.Treatment of benign lesions including benign tumors and scar tissues using the Nd-YAG laser has good results. In the treatment of malignant tumors however, it has a lower effectivity rate when compared to benign lesions. From July 1984 to September 1995, a total of 65 patients were treated with Nd-YAG laser for tracheobronchial obstruction. There were 32 (49%) malignant tumors and 33 (51%) benign lesions. 116 resections were performed in 48 patients using the non-contact Nd-YAG laser (MBB, Medilas 2) before 1992. Thereafter, another 41 resections were performed in 17 cases using contact Nd-YAG laser (SLT, CL-X). The overall effectivity rate was 60%. The effectivity rate for benign lesions was 81.3% and 39.4% for malignant tumor. The effectivity rate between non-contact and contact Nd-YAG laser was not significantly different.

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43

Grigorjeva, L., D. Jankoviča, K. Smits, D. Millers, and S. Zazubovich. "Defect Luminescence of Yag Nanopowders and Crystals." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 49, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-012-0022-4.

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Defect Luminescence of Yag Nanopowders and Crystals Undoped and rare-earth-ion-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanopowders are prepared by the sol-gel low-temperature combustion method. The luminescence characteristics of the YAG, YAG: Ce, YAG:Pr, and YAG: Ce/Pr nanopowders are compared with those of the single crystals. The luminescence band peaking around 3.1 eV is complex and excited at about 3.6 eV, 3.9 eV and 4.3 eV. The 3.1 eV emission was peculiar to all the samples studied. The Stokes shift of this band is ~0.5 eV. The decay time of the ~3.1 eV emission at 80 K is ~14 ns and the slower decay (afterglow) components are practically absent. The 3.1 eV luminescence was suggested to arise from different intrinsic lattice defects.

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Lv, Guang Zhe, Xiao Dong Li, Di Huo, Xu Dong Sun, Shao Wei Chen, Chi Tay Tsai, Yinong Liu, and Kai Duan. "Fabrication of Transparent YAG Ceramics from Co-Precipitation Synthesized Nanopowders." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.271.

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YAG nanopowders were synthesized by a co-precipitation method using ammonium hydrocarbonate and ammonia water as the precipitants respectively. The influences of precipitants on chemical compositions, phase transformation and sinterability of the prepared powders, and transmittance of the vacuum-sintered YAG ceramics were studied. The sinterability of powders synthesized using ammonium hydrocarbonate as precipitant is better than that with ammonia water. Pure YAG phase can be obtained by calcining the hydrate precursor at 1200°C, while some impurity phases exist when calcining the carbonate precursor at the same temperature. Transparent YAG ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1700°C for 5 h using the YAG nanopowders, and their in-line transmittance is about 60% in the visible light range.

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45

Zhang, Bowen, Beiyue Ma, Qiang Zhu, Shiming Li, Yikun Chen, Jingkun Yu, and Guangqiang Li. "In-situ formation and densification of MgAl2O4-Y3Al5O12 and MgAl2O4-MgNb2O6 ceramics via a single-stage SRS process." Science of Sintering 49, no. 3 (2017): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1703285z.

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MgAl2O4 (MA)-Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and MA-MgNb2O6 (MN) ceramics with high density were successfully fabricated via a single-stage solid-state reaction sintering (SRS) process at 1580?C for 4 h. The effect of Y2O3 or Nb2O5 additions from 2.5 wt% to 7.5 wt% on the phase compositions, microstructures, shrinkage ratio, apparent porosity, bulk density and cold compressive strength of MA-YAG and MA-MN ceramics has been investigated. It was found that MgO and Y2O3 reacted with Al2O3 to form MA and YAG during sintering while Nb2O5 reacted with MgO to form MN. YAG and MA grains in the MA-YAG ceramics exist as granular shape, and their average grain size is about 1 ?m and 5 ?m, respectively. YAG grains distribute on the intergranular space of MA particles. Polygonal MA particles can be observed in the MA-MN ceramics, and MN grains distribute on the intergranular space of MA particles as well as on MA particles. Rod-like MN grains can be formed in the MA-MN ceramics by addition of 7.5 wt% Nb2O5. The diameter shrinkage ratio, volume shrinkage ratio, bulk density and cold compressive strength of MA-YAG and MA-MN ceramics are greatly improved by doping Y2O3 and Nb2O5, respectively.

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46

Lailiyah, Igmanur, and Burhanuddin Ridlwan. "Peran Wanita Karir Dalam Pendidikan Islam." AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 8, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/al-misbah.v8i2.1151.

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Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi yag mencakup banyak bidang membawa banyak pengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat, salah satunya yakni peranan wanita. Pada zaman modern ini, banyak wanita yag memiliki profesi ganda atu biasa dikenal dengn sebutan wanita karir. Dan Islampun tidak melarang wanita untvk berkarir atu berkiprah diluar lingkup keluarga, justru Islam memberikan dorongan kepada wanita untvk berkarya dalam bidang yag sesuai dengn kemampuannya dengn catatan sesuai dengn apa yag ada dalam syari’at Islam. Para wanita juga tidak lupa akan tanggung jawab serta tugasnya dalam keluarga. Jika pada saat ini wanita sudah bisa berkiprah di dunia luar maka seharusnya wanita karir juga bisa berperan dalam dunia pendidikan Islam. Tujuan dari peneliIan ini adslah mengetahui maksud dari wanita karir dan menganalisis peranannya pada dunia pendidikan Islam. PeneliIan ini menggunakan metode telaah pustaka, yag sumber datanya didaqat melalui teknik dokumentasi dengn mengumpulkan buku-buku terkait dengn permbahasan wanita karir dan pendidikan Islam. Setelah melalui proses analisis daqat diambil sebuah kesimpulan bajwa peran yag dimiliki wanita karir dalam pendidikan Islam sangat penting karen seorang wanita juga berperan sebagai ibu dalam keluarganya, daqat dikatakan bajwa ibu merupakan sekolah pertama bagi seorang anak. Setiap anak dilahirkan dalam keadaan suci maka sangat penting peran wanita dalam mendidiknya sesuai dengn ajaran dan norma agama yag baik.

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47

Lailiyah, Igmanur, and Burhanuddin Ridlwan. "Peran Wanita Karir Dalam Pendidikan Islam." AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 8, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v8i2.1151.

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Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi yag mencakup banyak bidang membawa banyak pengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat, salah satunya yakni peranan wanita. Pada zaman modern ini, banyak wanita yag memiliki profesi ganda atu biasa dikenal dengn sebutan wanita karir. Dan Islampun tidak melarang wanita untvk berkarir atu berkiprah diluar lingkup keluarga, justru Islam memberikan dorongan kepada wanita untvk berkarya dalam bidang yag sesuai dengn kemampuannya dengn catatan sesuai dengn apa yag ada dalam syari’at Islam. Para wanita juga tidak lupa akan tanggung jawab serta tugasnya dalam keluarga. Jika pada saat ini wanita sudah bisa berkiprah di dunia luar maka seharusnya wanita karir juga bisa berperan dalam dunia pendidikan Islam. Tujuan dari peneliIan ini adslah mengetahui maksud dari wanita karir dan menganalisis peranannya pada dunia pendidikan Islam. PeneliIan ini menggunakan metode telaah pustaka, yag sumber datanya didaqat melalui teknik dokumentasi dengn mengumpulkan buku-buku terkait dengn permbahasan wanita karir dan pendidikan Islam. Setelah melalui proses analisis daqat diambil sebuah kesimpulan bajwa peran yag dimiliki wanita karir dalam pendidikan Islam sangat penting karen seorang wanita juga berperan sebagai ibu dalam keluarganya, daqat dikatakan bajwa ibu merupakan sekolah pertama bagi seorang anak. Setiap anak dilahirkan dalam keadaan suci maka sangat penting peran wanita dalam mendidiknya sesuai dengn ajaran dan norma agama yag baik.

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Song, Jie Guang, Fang Wang, Ming Han Xu, Shi Bin Li, and Gang Chang Ji. "Effect of Adding Phase on the Properties of ZrB₂ Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.735.

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ZrB2 belongs to a class of ceramics defined ultra-high-temperature ceramics with extremely high melting temperatures, but ZrB2 ceramics is difficultly sintered and easily oxidized. To make ZrB2 ceramics possess the high relative density and the better oxidation resistance. The effects of adding phase on the sintering and oxidation resistance mechanism of ZrB2 based high-temperature multi-phase ceramics were investigated. YAG and Al2O3 help for the densification of ZrB2 based ceramics. The oxidation layer thickness of sintered ceramics adding YAG or YAG-Al2O3 phase is thinner than that of sintered pure ZrB2 ceramics under the same oxidation condition, the oxidation layer thickness of sintered ceramics adding YAG-Al2O3 phase is thinner than that of sintered ceramics adding YAG phase, the oxidation layer thickness of sintered ceramics is decreased with an increased Al2O3 content.

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49

Zou, Chang, Yangxin Ou, Weiliang Zhou, Zhiqiang Li, Pu Zheng, and Xingzhong Guo. "Microstructure and Properties of Hot Pressing Sintered SiC/Y3Al5O12 Composite Ceramics for Dry Gas Seals." Materials 17, no. 5 (March 3, 2024): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051182.

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Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics with high bending strength were prepared by hot pressing sintering (HPS) with yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12, YAG) as sintering additive, and the effects of YAG content and sintering temperature on the sintering behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC ceramics were investigated in detail. The uniform distribution of YAG to form a liquid phase and the driving force provided by hot pressing sintering decrease the sintering temperature, improve the densification of SiC ceramics, and refine the crystal size. By means of suitable sintering conditions with the additional amount of YAG of 5 wt%, the sintering temperature of 1950 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa, the resultant SiC/YAG composite ceramics possesses high sintering and mechanical properties with the relative density of 98.53%, the bending strength of 675 MPa, the Vickers hardness of up to 17.92 GPa, and the elastic modulus of 386 GPa. The as-prepared SiC/YAG composite ceramics are promisingly used as the dry gas seal materials in the centrifugal compressors.

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Al-Bakaa, Muhammad K., Muhsin A. Al-Dhalimi, Prabhatchandra Dube, and Fatimah K. Khalaf. "Evaluating the Roles of Different Types of Laser Therapy in Becker’s Nevus Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144230.

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Becker’s nevus (BN) is a cutaneous hamartoma of benign nature that develops through adolescence and affects mostly young men. The nevus is usually located unilaterally and is characterized by hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, no effective treatment has been established for BN hyperpigmentation. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm and Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm lasers in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation. Twenty-three patients with BN were included in a prospective, randomized-controlled, observer-blinded, split-lesion comparative technique trial. In each patient, two similar square test regions were randomized to either be treated with a fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser or with a Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser. Each patient was treated with three sessions at six-week intervals. At the follow-up, clearance of hyperpigmentation was assessed by physician global assessment, visual analogue scale, grade of improvement, patient global assessment, and patient satisfaction. Regions treated with the fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser demonstrated significantly better improvement compared to ones treated with the Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm (p-value = 0.001) laser. Adverse effects such as repigmentation and hypertrophic scarring were not reported during the follow-up period. The outcomes were cosmetically acceptable with overall high satisfaction among the included patients. Our data suggest a superior role for the fractional Erbium: YAG (2940 nm) laser in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation compared to the Q-switched Nd: YAG (1064 nm) laser, along with being a safer method and having no reported side effects.

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Journal articles on the topic 'YAG'

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