Relevant bibliographies by topics / Xylanase production

Academic literature on the topic 'Xylanase production'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Xylanase production"

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Zadorozhny, Andrey Valentinovich, Viktor Sergeevich Ushakov, Alexei Sergeevich Rozanov, Natalia Vladimirovna Bogacheva, Valeria Nikolayevna Shlyakhtun, Mikhail Evgenyevich Voskoboev, Anton Vladimirovich Korzhuk, et al. "Heterologous Expression of Xylanase xAor from Aspergillus oryzae in Komagataella phaffii T07." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 8741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158741.

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Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) hydrolyze the hemicellulose of plant cell walls. Xylanases are used in the food and paper industries and for bioconversion of lignocellulose to biofuel. In this work, the producer-strain with four copies of the xAor xylanase gene was organized in two tandem copies for optimal expression in Komagataella phaffii T07 yeast. The secreted 35 kDa xylanase was purified from culture medium by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose 6HF. Tryptic peptides of the recombinant enzyme were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry where the amino acid sequence corresponded to Protein Accession # O94163 for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40. The recombinant xylanase was produced in a bioreactor where the secreted enzyme hydrolyzed oat xylane with an activity of 258240 IU/mL. High activity in the culture medium suggested xylanase could be used for industrial applications without being purified or concentrated. The pH optimum for xylanase xAor was 7.5, though the enzyme was active from pH 2.5 to pH 10. Xylanase was active at temperatures from 35 °C to 85 °C with a maximum at 60 °C. In conclusion, this protocol yields soluble, secreted xylanase suitable for industrial scale production.
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Anand, Gautam, Meirav Leibman-Markus, Dorin Elkabetz, and Maya Bar. "Method for the Production and Purification of Plant Immuno-Active Xylanase from Trichoderma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084214.

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Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens. Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and efficient defense mechanisms, either constitutive or inducible. Plant defense responses are triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). These components are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which include plant cell surface receptors. Upon recognition, PRRs trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) is a fungal MAMP protein from the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)–Trichoderma. It elicits plant defense responses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), making it an excellent tool in the studies of plant immunity. Xylanases such as EIX are hydrolytic enzymes that act on xylan in hemicellulose. There are two types of xylanases: the endo-1, 4-β-xylanases that hydrolyze within the xylan structure, and the β-d-xylosidases that hydrolyze the ends of the xylan chain. Xylanases are mainly synthesized by fungi and bacteria. Filamentous fungi produce xylanases in high amounts and secrete them in liquid cultures, making them an ideal system for xylanase purification. Here, we describe a method for cost- and yield-effective xylanase production from Trichoderma using wheat bran as a growth substrate. Xylanase produced by this method possessed xylanase activity and immunogenic activity, effectively inducing a hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and ROS burst.
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Mardawati, Efri, Surya Martha Pratiwi, Robi Andoyo, Tita Rialita, Mochamad Djali, Yana Cahyana, Een Sukarminah, In-In Hanidah, and Imas Siti Setiasih. "Ozonation Pretreatment Evaluation for Xylanase Crude Extract Production from Corncob under Solid-State Fermentation." Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jiita.v1i2.14664.

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Xylanases are highly exploited enzyme in industries, including food and chemical industry. Xylanases can be utilized in catalyzing the endohydrolysis of 1,4-β-xylosidic linkages in xylan, lignocellulosic component to produce xylose-monomer. This research aims to optimize xylanase production from alternative substrate, corncob. Corncob contains 41.17% of hemicellulose, polymer of xylan. Xylanases are produced through solid state fermentation by Trichoderma viride. Ratio between substrate and moistening solution was 0.63 g/mL with fermentation temperature 32,8OC. Variables varied include incubation time and pretreatment (using autoclave, ozonation, combination of ozonation and autoclave, also without pretreatment). Xylanase activity was measured by DNS method using 1% of xylan as substrate standard. The result showed that the best incubation time is 36 h with 14403.8707 U/mg protein for specific xylanase activity by using autoclave as pretreatment. Ozonation pretreatment process can increase the enzyme activity of xylanase.
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ARABI, MOHAMMED IMAD EDDIN, YASSER BAKRI, and MOHAMMED JAWHAR. "Extracellular Xylanase Production by Fusarium Species in Solid State Fermentation." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 3 (2011): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-029.

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Fusarium sp. has been shown to be a promising organism for enhanced production of xylanases. In the present study, xylanase production by 21 Fusarium sp. isolates (8 Fusarium culmorum, 4 Fusarium solani, 6 Fusarium verticillioides and 3 Fusarium equiseti) was evaluated under solid state fermentation (SSF). The fungal isolate Fusarium solani SYRN7 was the best xylanase producer among the tested isolates. The effects of some agriculture wastes (like wheat straw, wheat bran, beet pulp and cotton seed cake) and incubation period on xylanase production by F. solani were optimized. High xylanase production (1465.8 U/g) was observed in wheat bran after 96 h of incubation. Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 5 and 50 degrees C, respectively.
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Tan, C. Z., W. T. Chang, M. Tarrsini, Y. P. Teoh, K. C. Lee, B. Kunasundari, Q. H. Ng, Z. X. Ooi, and C. Y. Low. "Xylanase Production via Aspergillus niger: Effect of Carbon Source and Composition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012001.

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Abstract Xylanases are secondary metabolite product of variety organisms from various agriculture wastes. Xylanases’ demands in industrial level are increasing. Precisely, the necessity of enzyme such as xylanase to breaks down the xylan into reducing sugar for biofuel production is inevitable. However, the production of xylanases is insufficient to support the market demand. Hence, Aspergillus niger is used as the xylanase producer in this research. In this study, effect of carbon sources (corn cob-based xylan (CCX) and empty fruit bunches (EFB)) and concentrations of carbon source (2.5g/L to 4.0g/L) on xylanase production through One-factor-at-time (OFAT) experimental technique were investigated. The optimum fermentation period of 5 days determined by using mycelial dry cell mass and Bradford protein concentration growth profile is 5 days was set as the incubation period. Among these data, both carbon sources shown the maximum value at concentration of 3.5g/L. CCX showed a higher xylanase concentration (0.882±0.005μg/mL) compared to EFB (0.533 ± 0.006μg/mL). Hence, among these data analysis CCX has a better performance compared to EFB. Hence, among these data analysis CCX has a better performance compared to EFB.
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J, Jonathan, Veren Tania, Jessica C. Tanjaya, and Katherine K. "Recent Advancements of Fungal Xylanase Upstream Production and Downstream Processing." Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences | ISSN: 2656-0682 (online) 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54250/ijls.v3i1.122.

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Xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria utilized in various industrial applications such as food, biobleaching, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its wide variety of applications, xylanase's large-scale industrial production has gained researchers' interest. Many factors and methods affect fungal xylanase's production in both upstream and downstream processing stages. The upstream production methods used are submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF), where SmF involves the usage of liquid substrates, while the SSF applies solid substrates to inoculate the microbes. The downstream processing of fungal xylanase includes extraction, purification, and formulation. The extraction methods used to extract fungal xylanase are filtration and solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the purification methods include ultrafiltration, precipitation, chromatography, Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS), and Aqueous Two-Phase Affinity Partitioning (ATPAP). The formulation of xylanase product is obtained in either liquid from the extraction-purification results, which can be converted to powder form using technologies such as spray drying to increase storage life. Moreover, immobilization of xylanase with nanoparticles of SiO2 could produce reusable xylanase enzymes. Several future studies have also been suggested. This review aims to explain the upstream and downstream processes of fungal xylanase production as well as the factors that affect those processes.
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Oyinlola, Ayodeji Adedapo, and Felix Akinsola Akinyosoye. "Isolation, Screening and Optimization of Xylanase Producing Fungi from Rhizosphere Soil of Cassava Tuber." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 9, no. 4 (2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.942103.

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Microbial xylanases have attracted a great deal of attention, due to their biotechnological potential in various industrial processes. In this study, the isolation, screening and optimization of xlanase-producing fungi from rhizosphere soil of cassava tuber under submerged fermentation were carried out. Altogether, eight fungal strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cassava. All the fungal isolates were screened positive for xylanase activity on mineral salt medium supplemented with araboxylan as sole carbon source. The process parameters were optimized using one factor at a time technique. The identities of the isolates authenticated as Debaryomyces nepalensis and Penicillium polonicum by molecular techniques were regarded as good xylanase producers and they were selected for optimization studies. In order to maximize enzyme synthesis from fungi, the effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on xylanase production was investigated. The optimal incubation periods for maximal xylanase production by Penicillium polonicum and Debaryomyces nepalensis were 120 and 144 hours respectively while the optimal pH and temperature for xylanase production were 5.0 and 50oC respectively by Penicillium polonicum and Debaryomyces nepalensis. The best carbon sources for xylanase production from both fungi were found to be xylan. As a result of this, both fungal species have significant potential as sources of xylanases for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Dhiman, Saurabh Sudha, Jitender Sharma, and Bindu Battan. "Industrial applications and future prospects of microbial xylanases: A review." BioResources 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2008): 1377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.4.1377-1402.

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Microbial enzymes such as xylanases enable new technologies for industrial processes. Xylanases (xylanolytic enzyme) hydrolyze complex polysaccharides like xylan. Research during the past few decades has been dedicated to enhanced production, purification, and characterization of microbial xylanase. But for commercial applications detailed knowledge of regulatory mechanisms governing enzyme production and functioning should be required. Since application of xylanase in the commercial sector is widening, an understanding of its nature and properties for efficient and effective usage becomes crucial. Study of synergistic action of multiple forms and mechanism of action of xylanase makes it possible to use it for bio-bleaching of kraft pulp and for desizing and bio-scouring of fabrics. Results revealed that enzymatic treatment leads to the enhancement in various physical properties of the fabric and paper. This review will be helpful in determining the factors affecting xylanase production and its potential industrial applications in textile, paper, pulp, and other industries.
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Bakri, Y., Y. Akeed, M. Jawhar, and M. I. E. Arabi. "EVALUATION OF XYLANASE PRODUCTION FROM FILAMENTOUS FUNGI WITH DIFFERENT LIFESTYLES." Acta Alimentaria 49, no. 2 (June 2020): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/066.2020.49.2.9.

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Xylanase plays an important role in the food, feed, and pulp/paper industry. Filamentous fungi have been considered as useful producers of this enzyme from an industrial point of view, due to the fact that they excrete xylanases into the medium. In this study, four fungal species belonging to different genera, i.e. Aspergillus, Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, and Penicillium were isolated from different sources and compared for their ability to produce xylanase in submerged culture. The fungal species showed enzyme activity as determined by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. It was found that the two saprophytic Aspergillus strains, i.e A. terreus (Fss 129) and A. niger (SS7) had the highest xylanase activity of 474 and 294 U ml–1 at pH 7 and 8, respectively, in the presence of corn cob hulls after 120 h of incubation. The production of xylanase seemed to be strongly influenced by the interactive effect of initial pH on the fungi. Interestingly, xylanase was better produced by the saprophytic fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium than by the plant pathogenic ones of Cochliobolus and Pyrenophora. This work provides additional information to support future research on fungi with different lifestyles for food industrial production of xylanase.
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Krisnawati, Ririn, Sardjono, Jaka Widada, Dian Anggraini Suroto, and Muhammad Nur Cahyanto. "Effect of Glucose on Endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase Production by Fungi Isolated in Indonesia." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.12.

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Xylanases are widely produced by fungi, and the production of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, in general, are usually subjected to carbon catabolite repression. In this work, the ability of several Indonesian indigenous fungi to produce endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase and their responses to glucose as a repressor were determined. Ten fungi were grown in a liquid medium supplemented with glucose as the repressor (0, 1%, 3%, and 5%), and the endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase productions were assayed. Aspergillus aculeatus FIG1 and A. oryzae KKB4 produced 3.85 and 0.70 U/mL of endo-xylanase, respectively, compared with other strains (0.22 U/mL or less). Trichoderma asperellum PK1J2, T. virens MLT2J2, A. aculeatus FIG1, T. asperellum MLT5J1, A. oryzae KKB4, and T. asperellum MLT3J2 produced 0.021–0.065 U/mL of β-xylosidase, whereas the other strains produced 0.013 U/mL or less of β-xylosidase. Adding 1% glucose to the growth medium can partially repress endo-xylanase production in A. aculeatus FIG1, T. asperellum PK1J2, and T. virens MLT4J1 and completely repress other strains. By adding 1% glucose, strains FIG1, PK1J2, and MLT4J1 suffered almost complete repression of β-xylosidase production, although such strains exhibited partial repression of endo-xylanase production. β-Xylosidase produced by the other strains showed complete repression by adding 1% glucose, except for A. aculeatus FIG1, A. tamarii FNCC 6151, and T. asperellum MLT1J1, which showed partial repression. Therefore, adding 3% glucose to the growth medium can result in complete repression of endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase productions in all strains examined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xylanase production"

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Kocabas, Aytac. "Co-production Of Xylanase And Itaconic Acid By Aspergillus Terreus Nrrl 1960 On Agricultural Biomass And Biochemical Characterization Of Xylanase." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612067/index.pdf.

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Production of xylanase and itaconic acid (IA) from Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 from agricultural residues was investigated in this study. Two different media were tested and the medium having itaconic acid inducing capacity was chosen for further studies due to its high xylanase and IA production capacity. The best xylan concentration was found as 2% (w/v). Addition of commercial xylanase to production culture resulted in higher initial simple sugar concentration which increased IA production slightly but decreased xylanase production. Among tested agricultural residues
corn cob, cotton stalk and sunflower stalk, the highest xylanase production was obtained on corn cob. Increasing the corn cob concentration and applying wet heat pretreatment increased the xylanase production level. In a two-step fermentation process, 70000 IU/L xylanase production was achieved in a medium containing 7% wet heat treated corn cob followed by 17 g/L IA production in a medium containing 10% glucose. Molecular weight and isoelectric point of xylanase were found as 19 kDa and pH 9.0, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at 50°
C and pH 6.5-7.0. Kinetic experiments at 50°
C and pH 7.0 resulted in apparent Km and Vmax values of 2.5±
0.05 mg xylan/mL and 50.2±
0.4 IU/µ
g protein, respectively. The major products of birchwood xylan hydrolysis were determined by thin layer chromatography as xylobiose and xylotriose. These findings indicate that the enzyme could be advantageous for use in different industrial applications due to its low molecular weight and its potential use for xylooligosaccharide production.
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Hilly, Lynette. "Bacillus species as potential probiotics for poultry: Role of xylanase production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235927/1/Lynette%2BHilly%2BThesis%281%29.pdf.

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Probiotics contain bacteria that are beneficial to the gut and have demonstrated to improve the health status of production animals including improved growth performance, protection against intestinal pathogens and enhanced immunity. The mechanisms of how these effects are achieved remains poorly understood. Thus, the overarching purpose of this thesis was to select and examine novel Bacillus strains for their potential as probiotics for poultry. The work showed Bacillus is a good source of probiotic bacteria and is safe to feed to poultry. These outcomes provided new insights into relationships between diet, probiotic species, and the intestinal microbiota of poultry.
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Mutengwe, Rudzani Ruth. "Isolation and characterisation of a xylanase producing isolate from straw-based compost." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4495.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Lignocellulosic biomass, a waste component of the agricultural industry, is a promising source for use in bioethanol production. Due to a complex structure, the synergistic action of lignocellulosic enzymes is required to achieve complete digestion to fermentable sugars. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterise novel lignocellulase producing bacteria from thermophilic straw-based compost (71°C). Colonies with different morphological characteristics were isolated and screened for lignocellulosic activity. A facultative aerobic isolate RZ1 showed xylanase, cellulase and lipase/esterase activity. In addition to these activities, it was also able to produce proteases, catalases, amylases and gelatinases. RZ1 cells were motile, rod-shaped, Gram positive and endospore forming. The growth temperature of isolate RZ1 ranged from 25-55°C with optimal growth at 37°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was 99% identical to that of Bacillus subtilis strain MSB10. Based on the biochemical and physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence, isolate RZ1 is considered a member of the species B. subtilis. A small insert genomic library with an average insert size of 5 kb was constructed and screened for lignocellulosic activity. An E.coli plasmid clone harbouring a 4.9 kb gDNA fragment tested positive for xylanase activity. The xyl R gene was identified with the aid of transposon mutagenesis and the deduced amino acid sequence showed 99% similarity to an endo-1-4-β-xylanase from B. pumilus. High levels of xylanases were produced when isolate RZ1 was cultured (37°C) with beechwood xylan as a carbon source. On the other hand, the production of xylanases was inhibited in the presence of xylose. Marked xylanase activity was measured in the presence of sugarcane bagasse, a natural lignocellulosic substrate. While active at 50°C, higher xylanase activity was detected at 37°C. Isolate RZ1 also produced accessory enzymes such as β-xylosidases and α-L-arabinofuranosidases, able to hydrolyse hemicellulose.
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Zhao, Lingfeng. "Xylan removal by xylanase for the production of dissolving pulp from bamboo." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60269.

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With α-cellulose content and fiber characteristics similar to those of wood, bamboo is an attractive alternative feedstock for the production of dissolving grade pulp. A high level of hemicellulose in bamboo will lead to substantial complications in downstream processing of dissolving pulps into cellulose derivatives such as viscose, acetates, ethers etc. Xylanase treatment is an environment-friendly method that enables the selective removal of xylan (the major hemicellulose in bamboo) without detrimental effects on cellulose. In this study, we investigated a combination of mechanical refining with xylanase treatment for incorporation into a pre-hydrolysis kraft-based bamboo dissolving pulp production process. Laboratory PFI refining and xylanase treatment were combined to improve the xylan removal efficiency. Refining at 9000 revolutions increased the efficiency of subsequent enzymatic treatment resulting in a 44% removal of beta- plus gamma-cellulose with only 3 h of xylanase treatment. The alpha-cellulose content of bleached pulp prepared following combined refining-xylanase treatments was 93.37% (w/w) while the xylan content was only 2.38%. The properties of refined fibers prior to xylanase treatment, such as freeness, water retention value, fiber size and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were investigated to further understand the underlying mechanism of the effect of refining on enzymatic treatment. The brightness, reactivity and viscosity of bleached bamboo dissolving pulp after ECF bleaching (D-EP-D) sequence were also evaluated. These results demonstrated the feasibility of combining refining and xylanase treatment to produce high quality bamboo dissolving pulp.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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Gattinger, Loni D. "The enzymatic saccharification of canola meal and its utilization for xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5643.

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Tests made utilizing canola meal as a substrate for the production of xylanase indicate that Trichoderma reesei produced this enzyme in similar or better yields from canola meal than from expensive carbon sources such as Solka-floc, cellulose, glucose, lactose, sucrose or purified xylans. The effect of culture conditions on xylanase production when canola meal was used as a carbon source was also investigated. The enzyme system produced using canola meal also contained a higher proportion of acetyl-xylan esterase, cellulase, and xylosidase activities, most of which are required for synergistic action and hydrolysis of complex materials. The enzymatic saccharification of canola meal was also investigated. The results show that saccharification of canola meal is mainly brought about by hemicellulases capable of degrading arabinogalactan, arabinoglucan, galactan and galactomannan, while cellulase and xylanase play a minor role. This autoclaving pretreatment also released water soluble polysaccharides consisting mainly of arabinnose and glucose. T. reesei was unable to produce enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these polysaccharides when cultivated on canola meal as substrate. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Kalogiannis, Stavros. "Termoascus aurantiacus : identification of xylanolytic isozymes, characterization of the major endo-xylanase and use of the major endo-xylanase for the production of alkyl- and aryl-xylo-oligosaccharides." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363495.

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Tremblay, Louis. "Production of a cloned xylanase gene in Bacillus cereus and its performance in kraft pulp prebleaching." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69517.

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Xylanase production from a Bacillus subtilis gene cloned into a strain of Escherichia coli was measured. Although this gene was expressed in E. coli at several temperatures, efficient normal xylanase secretion did not occur, the observed protein release apparently depending on cell leakage or lysis. Screening for a better microbial protein secretor free of cellulase selected B. cereus #259. The strain had wild plasmids that were hard to eliminate using acridine orange and elevated temperature curing techniques. While still bearing 5 wild plasmids, attempts to transform B. cereus #259 were unsuccessful using conventional methods and electroporation. Another strain, B. cereus #518, found to be free of wild plasmids, was then used. A bidirectional vector shuttle plasmid (pMK3) was employed to carry the cloned gene into this B. cereus strain. Transformation was carried out by high voltage electroporation. Xylanase production by the new B. cereus clone was similar to that from E. coli, but was shown to be continuously and normally secreted. The xylanase gene products from the E. coli and B. cereus hosts were shown to function identically. Both xylanases improved the delignification of unbleached softwood and hardwood kraft pulps, thus reducing the Cl$ sb2$ required to achieve a given degree of bleaching, without altering the physical properties of the fibers. Using a target kappa number lignin content) of 5, xylanase pretreatment of aspen kraft pulp led to a 22% saving of chlorine. Adsorbable organic halogens in the bleachery effluent were also lowered by more than 50%.
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Yang, Yang. "Effects of Feeding Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Supplementing a Fibrolytic Enzyme on Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Lactating Dairy Cows." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85794.

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The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding hulless barley and supplementing a xylanase enzyme on production performance and nutrient utilization of lactating dairy cows. In study 1, we evaluated production performance, milk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility in high-producing dairy cows consuming diets containing corn and hulless barley in different proportions as the grain source. We hypothesized that a plausible reduction in production performance would be explained by an altered rumen function, which would be reflected in a reduction of the proportion of de novo fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of hulless barley grain as the energy source in diets for lactating dairy cows resulted in similar production performance and nutrient utilization as corn grain. We concluded that hulless barley is as good as corn grain as an energy source and increasing NDF concentration in hulless barley-based diet is not necessary. In study 2, we evaluated production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid composition of high-producing dairy cows consuming diets containing hulled or hulless barley as the grain source. We hypothesized that rumen function is altered when cows are fed low-forage diets containing barley grains, and this altered rumen function would be reflected in lower production performance and a reduction of fatty acids synthesis in the mammary gland. Contrary to our expectations, feeding hulled barley or hulless barely based diets with different forage to concentrate ratios to lactating dairy cows resulted in similar production performance and nutrient utilization. We concluded that both hulled or hulless barley grains are good energy sources for sustaining high milk production and there is no need to increase NDF concentration in diet when using barley grain as the grain source. In study 3, we evaluated the effects of supplementing a xylanase enzyme on production performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows fed diets containing corn or sorghum silage as the forage source. We hypothesized that supplementing a xylanase enzyme product in diets containing corn or sorghum silage increases NDF digestibility, and production performance of lactating dairy cows would also be improved due to enhanced fiber digestion. Supplementation of xylanase for 19 d did not affect cow performance and nutrient utilization. Supplementation of xylanase may require a longer period of time to show any response in production performance and nutrient digestibility. We concluded that supplementing xylanase to cows fed corn or sorghum silage-based diets did not improve fiber digestion. But for feeding hulled or hulless barley grains to lactating dairy cows, increased NDF concentration in diets is not necessary and hulless barley is good as corn grain for feeding lactating dairy cows as the grain source.
Ph. D.
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9

Ak, Ozlem. "Xylooligosaccharide Production From Cotton And Sunflower Stalks." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609354/index.pdf.

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In this study, the aim was enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from cotton and sunflower stalks, two of main agricultural residues in Turkey. In first two parts of the study, alkali extracted xylan from both of the stalks was hydrolyzed by commercial xylanases Veron and Shearzyme. The effect of temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentrations were investigated to determine optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of xylan. Sunflower and cotton stalk xylans were hydrolyzed by Shearzyme more efficiently than Veron under the conditions studied. Shearzyme produced different product profiles containing xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3), xylotetrose (X4) and xylopentose (X5) from cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. On the other hand, Veron hydrolyzed both xylan types to produce X2, X3, X5, X6 and larger xylooligosaccharides without any change in product profiles. In the third part of the study, home produced xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SB-M13, was also investigated for the production of xylooligosaccharides from both cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. The main products obtained by hydrolysis of both substrates by pure B. pumilus xylanase were X5 and X6, while crude B. pumilus xylanase generated X4 and X5 as the main products. Xylooligosaccharide production from pretreated cotton stalk without alkali extraction of xylan was the final part of the study. Three different pretreatment methods including biomass pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation, cellulase pretreatment and hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated to break down complex lignocellulosic structure of cotton stalk to improve the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan in pretreated cotton stalk for xylooligosaccharide production. However, xylooligosaccharide was not effectively produced from pretreated cotton stalk. Shearzyme inhibiton was observed after all the pretreatment methods during further hydrolysis of pretreated cotton stalk probably due to production of inhibitory compounds of the enzyme.
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Coffman, Anthony M. "Production of Carbohydrases by Fungus Trichoderma Reesei Grown on Soy-based Media." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1381761363.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xylanase production"

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El-Mokadem, T. M., O. H. El-sayed, Y. M. Ahmad, and M. Hassan. "Xylanase Production by Transformed Azotobacter." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 486. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_301.

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Patel, Kartik, and Natarajan Amaresan. "Mass Multiplication, Production Cost Analysis and Marketing of Xylanase." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 25–35. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6664-4_3.

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Gübitz, G. M., and Walter Steiner. "Simultaneous Production of Xylanase and Mannanase by Several Hemicellulolytic Fungi." In ACS Symposium Series, 319–31. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0618.ch020.

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Gautério, Gabrielle Victoria, Luiz Claudio Simões Corrêa, Taiele Blumberg Machado, Mariana Vilar Castro da Veiga de Mattos, Janaina Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert, and Susana Juliano Kalil. "Industrial Xylanase Production Using Agri-Food Wastes Through Microbial Applications." In Microbial Bioprocessing of Agri-food Wastes, 83–116. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003341017-4.

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Bocchini, D. A., E. Gomes, and R. Da Silva. "Xylanase Production by Bacillus circulans D1 Using Maltose as Carbon Source." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 149–57. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_17.

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Colina, Alejandro, Betzabé Sulbarán-de-Ferrer, Cateryna Aiello, and Alexis Ferrer. "Xylanase Production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on Rice Straw." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 715–24. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_59.

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Bakri, Yasser, Philippe Jacques, and Philippe Thonart. "Xylanase Production by Penicillium canescens 10–10c in Solid-State Fermentation." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 737–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_61.

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Yinbo, Qu, Gao Peiji, Wang Dong, Zhao Xin, and Zhang Xiao. "Production, Characterization, and Application of the Cellulase-free Xylanase from Aspergillus niger." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 375–81. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_33.

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Ramanjaneyulu, G., A. Ramya, and B. Rajasekhar Reddy. "Microbial Population Dynamics of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh for Xylanase Production." In Microbial Biotechnology, 355–72. Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2015.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19978-23.

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Yadav, Mamta, Komal Agrawal, Bikash Kumar, and Pradeep Verma. "Demonstration of Application of Fungal Xylanase in Fruit Juice and Paper Deinking and Validation of Its Mechanism Via In Silico Investigation." In Clean Energy Production Technologies, 239–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4316-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xylanase production"

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"Xylanase Production using Soybean hulls: Effect of Medium Components." In International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0115037.

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Norazlina, I., and S. R. Puvanesvaran. "Production of xylanase enzyme through bioconversion of agricultural waste." In Environment (ISESEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isesee.2011.5977107.

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Sowmiya, S., S. Swetha, B. Forona, S. Ramakrishnan, V. Keerthieswar, and K. Ram. "Process simulation and optimization of marginal-scale xylanase production." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108035.

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Zheng, Wei. "Enhancement of heterogeneous alkaline xylanase production in Pichia pastoris GS115." In GREEN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT I: Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Energy and Sustainable Development (GESD 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992906.

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G. Almeida da Silva Mendes, Marília, Jaqueline B. de Souza, María Lucila Hernández-Macedo, Denise Santos Ruzene, Daniel Pereira da Silva, and Jorge A. López. "Xylanase Production by Aspergillus sp. using Agroindustrial Wastes as Carbon Sources." In Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Londrina - PR, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/simbbtec-2017-80920.

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V, Sashi, and Sugnaya W. "Bioethanol Production from Crude Xylanase Hydrolysates of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Burdsall and Two Strains of Saccharomyces." In Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-189x_sees72.

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Shafwah, O. M., D. Suhendar, and S. Hudiyono. "Pretreatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Lipase and Xylanase to Improve Biogas Production." In 10th International Seminar and 12th Congress of Indonesian Society for Microbiology (ISISM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210810.017.

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Cahyati, R. D., S. Hudiyono, and I. Helianti. "Modification and Optimization of Low-cost Medium for Recombinant Alkalothermophilic Xylanase Production from Pichia pastoris KM71." In 10th International Seminar and 12th Congress of Indonesian Society for Microbiology (ISISM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210810.018.

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Cekmecelioglu, Deniz, and Ali Demirci. "Feasibility of distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) for production of cellulase and xylanase enzymes cocktail." In NABEC Papers. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/nabec2017-013.

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Dubrovskis, Vilis, and Dagnis Dubrovskis. "Methane production from briquettes of birch sawdust." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf124.

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Renewable energy sources have the potential to reduce emissions of GHG when compared to the combustion of fossil fuels and thereby to mitigate climate change. Bioenergy systems can contribute to climate change mitigation if they replace traditional fossil fuel use (IPCC, 2012). Latvia is also striving to achieve neutral emissions by 2030. Therefore, the use of renewable energy is supported. Wood waste maybe an important resource for biogas production. The biodegradability is however limited because of the recalcitrant nature of the biofibers (lignocellulosic biomass) it contains. More and more biogas plants used the pellets or briquettes from various residues as a raw material. Their advantage is not only cheaper transport over longer distances, but also they absorb moisture well and do not form a floating layer. Hydraulic retention time working with such raw materials as birch sawdust and briquettes is relatively long and requires large volumes of bioreactors. Variety of additives can be used to improve the anaerobic digestion process. This article shows the results, where the enzymes alpha amylase, xylanase and biocatalyst Metaferm are used for the digestion process of birch briquette improvement. Birch briquettes were digested in 0.75 l bioreactors at temperature 38 °C in a batch mode process. Two biorectors were for control purposes and contained inoculums only. Other 14 biorectors contained biomass substrates without or with added enzymes or biocatalyst. Average specific biogas or methane yield from anaerobic fermentation of birch briquettes was 0.427 L·g-1DOM or 0.178 L·g-1DOM respectively. Addition of enzymes and biocatalyst (1ml) in bioreactors with birch briquettes increases the average methane yield.
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Reports on the topic "Xylanase production"

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Avni, Adi, and Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.

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Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa, and Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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