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Costa, Marie Adelaide. "Conflictos matrimoniales y divorcio en Catalunya: 1775-1883." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7471.
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El presente trabajo pretende construir un fragmento de la historia de los conflictos entre hombres y mujeres a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, desvelar la vida cotidiana o costumbres de una parte de la sociedad catalana, explicar las disputas prematrimoniales (incumplimiento de la promesa de matrimonio), sus influencias en el matrimonio (en el caso de que se celebrara el enlace), analizar el divorcio tal como se entendía en la época, sus facetas (divorcio formal e informal), poner de manifiesto los mecanismos de divorcio e insistir sobre sus modalidades ("separación interina, divorcio temporal y divorcio perpetuo"), sus consecuencias e implicaciones (el secuestro femenino generalmente realizado en casa de familiares o amigos; la reclusión femenina y masculina en una institución caritativa o penitenciaria (en caso de delitos matrimoniales); el reparto de los bienes, la restitución de la dote, la pensión alimenticia, la custodia de los hijos, etc. Para explicar el proceso de liberalidad que se estaba produciendo en torno al divorcio y a las promesas de matrimonio, y por ende los cambios de actitud relativos al matrimonio y a las relaciones de géneros, hemos recurrido a la bibliografía relacionada con el contexto histórico, social y económico de la época, de la información de los archivos judiciales y eclesiásticos (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) así como de la documentación procedente del Arxiu Històric de la Casa de Misericòrdia de Barcelona, de la Fundació Arxiu Històric de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu y de l'Arxiu Històric de la Biblioteca de Catalunya.This work aims at recreating a piece of the history related to the conflicts between men and women between the end of the XVIIIth and the begining of the XIXth centuries in Catalonia. It pretends to reveal the everyday life and customs of a part of the catalan society, to explain the conflicts previous to marriage (violation of the marriage promise) and its influences on marriage (when the marriage union is celebrated), to analyze the divorce as it was understood in that time, and its multiple points of view (formal and informal divorce). We want to reveal the divorce mechanisms and its modalities ("interim separation, temporary divorce and permanent divorce"), its consequences and implications (the feminine kidnap typically carried out in a relative or friend's home; reclusion in a charity or penitentiary institution in case of marriage delicts); properties partitioning, the dowry devolution, nutritional allowance, children custody, etc. We have used the bibliography contained in juridical and clerical archives (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) as well as documents of the Hospicio de Barcelona and Hospital de la Santa Cruz, relating the historical, social and economical context of that time in order to better explain the liberality process that was being developed around divorce and marriage promises, and therefore the attitude changes relating marriage and gender relationships.
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Wattellin, Guillaume. "L’élaboration des principes directeurs du droit pénal des mineurs : l’exemple du Nord (XVIe-XIXe siècles)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20020.
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Adoptée au lendemain de la Libération par le Gouvernement provisoire de la République française, l’ordonnance du 2 février 1945 établit toute une série de principes qui, encore aujourd’hui, forment le socle du droit pénal des mineurs. Ainsi, la responsabilité progressive par paliers calquée sur l’évolution du discernement, la primauté de l’éducation sur la répression, la mitigation des peines ou encore l’adaptation des procédures, sont autant de règles dérogatoires qui structurent et orientent le traitement juridique de l’enfance coupable. Cet ensemble forme, selon l’expression consacrée, les « principes directeurs » du droit pénal des mineurs. Le recours à une étude historique permet de mieux comprendre la construction progressive du droit pénal des mineurs contemporainThe order of February 2nd 1945 which was adopted in the aftermath of the Liberation by the Provisional Government of the French Republic establishes a series of principles which shape the base of juvenal criminal law. Thus the progressive liability in stages modelled on the development of discernment, the superiority of education on repression, the mitigation of sentences, but also the procedure adjustment, are as many derogating rules structuring and guiding the legal treatment of guilty childhood. To use the hallowed phrase, this combination constitutes the « guiding principles » of juvenal criminal law. The submission to a historical study allows a better understanding of the contemporary gradual building up of juvenal criminal law
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Vargas, Hernando. "Urban settlement and evolution in XIXth century Antioquia, Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78074.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 120-133.
by Hernando Vargas.
M.S.
M.C.P.
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Collombat, Michel. "Les bibliothèques des clercs séculiers du duché de savoie du XVIIIe siècle à 1860." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2079/document.
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Cette étude vise à aborder la culture des clercs séculiers en Savoie du XVIIIe siècle à 1860, date du rattachement de la Savoie à la France. Une première partie s’intéresse à la circulation des livres des ecclésiastiques. Elle décrit l’utilisation des manuels lors des études au collège chappuisien d’Annecy, puis dans les séminaires et les différentes universités, mais encore lors des conférences et des retraites ecclésiastiques. Par ailleurs, les livres sont achetés, prêtés à des collègues ou à des laïques, comme l’attestent de trop rares livres de raison retrouvés. Ce sont les testaments qui montrent que les bibliothèques, longuement constituées par héritages, achats tout au long d’une vie, sont ensuite le plus souvent transmises à des membres de la famille également hommes d’Eglise ou dispersées au profit de l’évêque, d’un vicaire ou de différentes institutions, ce qui prouve l’existence de réseaux intellectuels. Les livres relient donc le monde des morts au monde des vivants. La deuxième partie montre qu’ils sont aussi au cœur des débats intellectuels, ce qui explique que leur diffusion soit contrôlée par les autorités religieuses. Les livres sont ainsi au centre des réflexions concernant le protestantisme, le jansénisme, le mouvement des Lumières, l’épisode révolutionnaire de 1792, puis des enjeux de la modernité du XIXe siècle. La Savoie, frontière de catholicité, apparaît alors comme un relais original dans les processus de maturation et de diffusion des idées entre le royaume d’Italie, la France et l’Europe. La troisième partie propose à partir d’un corpus de bibliothèques, essentiellement du XVIIIe siècle, complété par des legs faits au XIXe siècle au grand séminaire de Chambéry, une classification des lecteurs comprenant différents types de desservants, des chanoines et des évêques. En croisant les différents centres d’intérêts en rapport avec la théologie et les sciences profanes, des identités cléricales se dessinent, des facteurs de cohésion, des signes de curiosité intellectuelle apparaissent et montrent que le clergé séculier savoyard est à la fois dépositaire et diffuseur auprès des fidèles d’une culture élargie et qu’il n’est pas à l’écart des évolutions de son époqueThe aim of the following study is to tackle the notion of knowledge and culture among Savoie’s secular clergy, from the 18th century to 1860, when Savoie was annexed by France. The first part focuses on the circulation of clergymen’s books. It depicts the way books are used by scholars at the Collège Chappuisien of Annecy, then in seminaries and different universities, as well as for lectures or ecclesiastical retreats. Besides, books are bought, passed on to colleagues and laymen, as one can learn from the very few commonplace books left. One can read in wills how libraries, whose volumes have been inherited or purchased over the years, are , most of the time, subsequently transmitted to relatives that are men of the cloth too, or scattered to the benefit of bishops, vicars or different institutions, which tends to prove the existence of intellectual networks. Books can thus be said to connect the world of the dead to that of the living. The second part shows that they are also at the very heart of intellectual debates, which explains why their circulation was controlled by religious authorities. Books are thus central points of reflection over Protestantism, Jansenism, the Enlightenment, the 1792 revolutionary episode and eventually what is at stake in 19th century modernity. Savoie, as a catholic boarder, appears as some original basis in the maturing process of ideas as well as their circulation between the kingdom of Italy, France and Europe. The third part, based on a corpus of 18th century libraries mostly and 19th century legacies to Chambéry’s Grand Séminaire, offers a classification of readers, among whom various types of parish priests, canons and bishops. By confronting the different centers of interest related to theology and profane science, some clerical identities are taking shape, factors of cohesion and signs of intellectual curiosity appear, showing that to the believers, Savoie’s secular clergy both keeps and spreads a broader culture and that its members are in no way cut off from the evolutions of their time
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ALMEIDA, REGINA DE CASSIA MANSO DE. "PROOFS OF PLANE GEOMETRY FOUND IN BRAZILIAN TEXTBOOKS SINCE THE XIXTH CENTURY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11761@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREsta Tese investiga mudanças ocorridas no texto de demonstração em geometria plana elementar, em livros-textos usados no ensino brasileiro a partir do século XIX. O trabalho está organizado em duas partes: a primeira, um estudo histórico de releituras dos Elementos de Euclides que, a partir do século XVI, em cada época influenciaram a constituição da matemática escolar em seu sentido mais amplo e a segunda, as análises das demonstrações. A base documental inclui obras históricas e livros relevantes no ensino-aprendizagem da geometria dedutiva no Brasil. As releituras de Euclides e os livros-texto permitiram estabelecer os parâmetros de análise das demonstrações e de inferências de ordem mais geral. As análises das demonstrações mostram evidências que confirmam mudanças de várias ordens: a redação, o método e a justificativa da prova. Foi possível identificar dois tipos básicos de livros-texto que denominamos elementos de geometria e livros de matemática, e caracterizar a correlação existente entre eles: o estudo dedutivo em geometria, originário no livro tipo elementos de geometria que se estrutura conforme o padrão euclidiano teorema- problema, se altera devido à interação geometria-álgebra- aritmética, a qual caracteriza o livro de matemática desde a sua origem até a atualidade. Foi possível constatar, ainda, que o estudo dedutivo em geometria tende a desaparecer quase totalmente nos textos tipo livro de matemática. O estudo - texto demonstrativo e suas mudanças - mostra uma história dos conteúdos matemáticos, dos livros-texto e da matemática escolar no Brasil.
This thesis studies changes in proofs of elementary geometry theorems found in brazilian textbooks from the XVIIIth century on. The thesis is composed of two parts. The first one contains a historic survey of re-readings of Euclid´s Elements which, from the XVIth century on influenced the constitution of the school mathematics corpus, in its wide sense. The second ´part contains the actual analysis of proofs. We examine both historically important Works and books that were influential in the teaching and learning of deductive geometry in Brazil. The study of Euclid´s Elements and later works enabled us to set up the guidelines for the proofs analysis and all of more general inferences. The proofs analysis shows several types of change: the style, the method and the actual proof. It was possible to identify two basic kinds of text-books, which we call elements of geometry and mathematics books, respectively, and to establish the correlation between the two types: the deductive study of geometry, present in the elements of geometry, that adopted the Euclidean pattern of theorem - problem, changes due to the interaction between geometry, arithmetic and algebra, which characterizes the mathematics book, from their beginnings to the present. It was also possible to establish that the deductive study of geometry almost disappears in the mathematics books. The study of proofs and their changes shows the history of the contents of school mathematics, their text-books and of school mathematics in Brazil.
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Borilot, Vanessa. "Feminine strategies of resistance comparative study of two XIXth century French literary pieces and two XXth century French Caribbean writings /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 111 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885467531&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sial, Vanessa Viviane de Castro. "Das igrejas ao cemiterio : politicas publicas sobre a morte no Recife do Seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330300.
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Orientador: Sidney ChalhoubDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa, a partir do projeto de construção do Cemitério Público Bom Jesus da Redenção no Recife do século XIX, como se deram as transformações dos costumes fúnebres, mediante a imposição de normas sanitárias relacionadas às práticas funerárias tradicionais, que eram entendidas pelos médicos higienistas como um dos fatores de propagação das epidemias. Neste sentido, os cemitérios extramuros desencadearam novas práticas culturais e adaptações nas atitudes diante da morte. Os médicos higienistas, que influenciaram decisivamente na elaboração e aprovação destas normas sanitárias pelo poder público, acreditavam que os corpos cadavéricos eram possíveis focos de emanações miasmáticas, sendo agentes de grande poder de infecção do ar, causadores de toda sorte de epidemias na cidade. A proibição dos sepultamentos nas igrejas gerou múltiplos pontos de discussão e conflitos na sociedade recifense do século XIX, assim como ocorreu em várias outras cidades brasileiras: dentro do poder público, na elaboração de leis e regulamentos para as novas práticas fúnebres, como também na população, que viu suas crenças mais íntimas ameaçadas, sobretudo entre membros de irmandades religiosas e os emergentes comerciantes dos novos serviços mortuários. Ademais, o estudo das transformações dos costumes fúnebres foi fundamental para a compreensão do conflito entre a Igreja e o Estado na segunda metade do século XIX, sobretudo pela negação da Igreja em conceber o direito dos não-católicos a serem sepultados nos cemitérios públicos, interpretados como elementos decisivos no processo de secularização da morte no Brasil oitocentista
Abstract: From the study of the construction project of the Public Cemetery Bom Jesus da Redenção, in the XIXth century Recife, this work analyses how the traditional funerary customs were modified after the imposed new sanitary norms. In this sense, the outdoor cemeteries triggered new cultural practices and new adapted attitudes related to death. The hygienist physicians, decisively influencing the elaboration and approval of these norms by the public authorities, believed that the dead bodies were possible focuses of miasmatic emanations, becoming powerful infectious agents of the air, and sources of all possible epidemies in the city. The prohibition of burials inside churches originated many arguments and conflicts in the Recife's society of the XIX century, as also happened in other Brazilian cities: into the public authority, in the elaboration of laws and regulations regarding the new burial practices, as well as in the population, that perceived as menaced its most intimate burial practices, mostly between those belonging to religious fraternities and emerging dealers of the new funereal services. Besides, the study of the transformations of the funereal customs was fundamental to the understanding of the conflict between Church and State in the second half of the XIX century, mostly because of the Church refusal in accept the right of the non-catholic to be buried in the public cemeteries, viewed as decisive elements for the secularization of the death in the eighteenth century Brazil
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Duvette, Charlotte. "Les transformations de Paris étudiées à travers l'évolution de la maison urbaine de 1780 à 1810 : projets, publications et réalité bâtie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H001.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de repenser la relation entre l’évolution du tissu urbain parisien et une forme d’architecture domestique mal connue : la maison urbaine. Il ne s’agit pas de revenir sur la genèse de cet habitat, mais de questionner sont état à un moment précis : 1780-1810. Cette étude contribue à faire connaître des praticiens oubliés, à faire émerger les pratiques constructives les plus répandues, ou encore à démêler le lien entre l’image des maisons publiées et leur réalité bâtie. Les lotissements engagés à la fin de l’Ancien Régime sont davantage considérés pour leur remplissage à travers le procédé du sous-lotissement et les petites transactions qui s’en suivirent. Les architectes déjà célèbres en leur temps sont étudiés au regard du pendant le moins visible de leur production. Celle de leurs confrères est observée sur un pied d’égalité, en partant du principe qu’un Michel Duval ou qu’un Guireaud de Talairac produisait des ensembles aussi intéressants que la triade Bélanger, Brongniart et Ledoux. Les caractéristiques de ces maisons urbaines protéiformes émergent de l’analyse du corpus réuni – à l’image des terrasses aménagées en jardin – et illustrent les capacités d’adaptations des maîtres d’œuvre. La prolifération d’images et de commentaires dont elles sont l’objet permettent de saisir la place qu’occupaient ces demeures non plus dans la ville, mais dans l’espace public. Ce travail favorise la réévaluation de cas d’études tantôt inconnus, tantôt lacunaires, à l’aune d’une mise en contexte nouvelleThis thesis rethinks the relationship between the Parisian urban fabric and a lesser known form of architecture – the urban housing - that evolved between 1780 and 1810. This work sheds new light on forgotten practitioners, distinguishes the most widespread building practices and untangles the ties between the published images of houses and the realized buildings. The study observes the filling and densifying of the district divisions (lotissement) through subdivision (souslotissement) and their respective small real-estate transactions, that started at the end of the Ancien Régime. Renowned architects of those times were studied through the less visible part of their production, and their not so well known colleagues were treated as their equals, assuming that Michel Duval or Guireaud de Talairac produced buildings as appealing as the triad of Bélanger, Brongniart and Ledoux. The corpus study highlights the characteristics of these protean urban houses – such as terraces laid out as gardens and illustrate the adaptability of the architects. The abundance of pictures and commentaries on these buildings allows us to grasp the importance of these residences not only in the city but in the public space. This work fosters the re-evaluation of the unknown, understudied urban spaces, viewing them in a new perspective
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Cocano, Thomas. "Les médailles anglaises de l’atelier monétaire de Londres au XVIIIe siècle : entre commémoration et propagande politique, 1688-1742." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP028.
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Ce travail propose d’examiner les médailles royales anglaises produites au cours de la période 1688 à 1742 à l’atelier monétaire de Londres. Dans la succession des quatre règnes de la période retenue – Guillaume et Marie, Anne, George Ier et George II –, ce travail suit l’évolution de l’iconographie royale au regard de la production d’un objet numismatique. Il s’appuie sur des sources multiples et analyse de quelles manières ces dernières viennent à évoluer entre deux dynasties, les Stuarts et les Hanovre. Les sources laissées par Isaac Newton au cours de sa présence comme maître de l’atelier monétaire de Londres de 1696 à 1727 nous éclairent sur l’aspect de composition et de production des médailles au cours du long dix-huitième siècle anglais, comme objet de cour, lorsque d’autres sources manquent. Les médailles font alors l’objet d’un intérêt marqué en Europe, manifesté dans le cas de la monarchie française par la composition d’un ouvrage sur les médailles du règne de Louis XIV, ce qui met en exergue leur fonction d’objet monétiforme de propagande monarchique. Une attention particulière est accordée à la possibilité d’interpréter la production de médailles en Angleterre comme contrecoup et réponse aux productions pour le souverain français. Il s’agit aussi de remettre dans son contexte la production de ces objets par l’atelier monétaire de Londres au cours de quatre règnes successifs. Le point central de l’étude est la production de ces objets dans le cadre de l’atelier monétaire par l’étude des objets produits et des archives à notre disposition. Nous voyons pour cette période en Angleterre la mise en place d’une iconographie plus centrée sur une institution, la monarchie, que sur la célébration d’un souverain particulier : la médaille comme reflet et miroir de la monarchie. Toutefois, un règne, celui d’Anne, tend à se démarquer dans l’utilisation de la médaille, montrant un intérêt plus marqué pour ce support durant ce règne. Son étude permet de mettre en évidence l’interaction entre la monarchie, la Monnaie et son graveur John Croker dans la mise en place de l’iconographie royale au XVIIIe siècleThe purpose of this work is to focus on the British medals of the monarchy which were produced at the Royal Mint of London from 1688 to 1742. During the succession of four monarchs – William III and Mary, Anne, George I and George II – this work follows the evolution of a royal iconography through the use of a numismatic object. By the use of several sources, the analysis shows from which manners these medals evolve from one dynasty to another, the Stuart and the Hanoverian sovereigns. The sources left by Isaac Newton during his presence as Master and Worker of the Royal Mint shed light on two aspects, the composition and the production of medals during the Long Eighteenth-Century as part but not central of court iconography when other sources are lacking. During this period, medals are subject of interest in Europe as shown by the composition of a book for the medals of the reign of Lewis XIV. It highlights their function as monetiform object of monarchical propaganda. A particular attention is given to the possibility of interpretation, and to consider the production of medals in England as a backlash and response to the production of medals for the French sovereign. This work is putting back into the context of production, the Royal Mint of London, the production of these objects for the monarchy during four successive reigns. The central point of the study is the production of these objects as shown into the archives at our disposition. We can see for England in this period the establishment of an iconography more focused on an institution, the Monarchy, than on the celebration of a particular sovereign: the medal as a reflection and mirror of the Monarchy. However, the reign of Anne tends to stand out in the use of the medal, showing a greater interest in this support during this reign. His study highlights the interaction between the Monarchy, the Royal Mint and his engraver John Croker in the construction of a royal iconography in the Eighteenth-Century
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AZZI, NICOLETTA. "Nobili a Mantova tra Antico Regime e Restaurazione: la famiglia dei conti Francesco Alberto d'Arco e Amalia Sanvitale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/298.
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La ricerca ha messo a tema i diversi aspetti della vita privata e pubblica di una famiglia nobiliare a Mantova nel passaggio dall’Antico Regime alla Restaurazione, indagata in quanto rappresentativa del ceto nobiliare di appartenenza: la famiglia di Francesco Alberto d’Arco e Amalia Sanvitale. Di provincia ma non provinciale, la famiglia d’Arco è stata letta nelle sue varie scelte, come, ad esempio, l’educazione dei figli, i collegi frequentati, le strategie di carriera individuate per i figli maschi o l’assegnazione delle doti e la scelta delle alleanze per i matrimoni delle figlie femmine. Tale lettura è stata resa possibile dalla disponibilità dei carteggi conservati nell’archivio della Fondazione d’Arco, fonte che è stata messa a confronto con la coeva documentazione di tipo istituzionale. Dimensione privata e dimensione pubblica hanno trovato un punto di incontro nella lettura di questi carteggi, che con il loro carattere ibrido, a metà tra la “scrittura di sé” e la trascrizione di notizie, bene si prestano all’incrocio di fonti diverse e apparentemente lontane.The aim of the research is to examine the diverse aspects of the public and private life of a noble family in Mantua in the transition from the Ancien Régime to the period after the Congress of Vienna. The d’Arco were chosen because they were representative of the noble class they belonged to and of the forms of aristocratic life style. From the province but by no means provincial, the d’Arco family has been studied in its various choices, as, for example, the education of its children and the colleges they attended, the strategies employed for the careers of its sons or the dowries and the choice of marriage alliances made for the daughters. Such study has been made possible by access to a privileged source - the family papers and correspondence preserved in the archives of the D’Arco Foundation. A source which was then critically compared with the contemporary institutional documentation. The private and public dimensions meet in the reading of these papers, which with their hybrid character, half way between “writing of oneself” and the transcription of news, lend themselves perfectly to a cross-match between sources that are diverse and apparently distant.
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Casarin, Helen de Castro Silva [UNESP]. "A biblioteca da Fazenda Pinhal e o universo de leitura na passagem do século XIX para o século XX." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102417.
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silva_hc_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2196789 bytes, checksum: 78b01fe147a4084072ba81d26a6c882b (MD5)Estudo sobre uma biblioteca particular pertencente a várias gerações da família do Conde do Pinhal, um eminente político e empresário da segunda metade do século XIX, ligado à fundação e desenvolvimento da cidade de São Carlos, interior do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa tem como objetivos levantar os aspectos culturais e históricos que proporcionaram o aparecimento e a preservação da coleção; identificar as práticas de leitura da família Botelho e verificar a coincidência entre o acervo e os padrões culturais da época. A partir da fundamentação teórica da História da Leitura, a pesquisa baseia-se no levantamento, caracterização e análise dos itens que compõem a biblioteca, no que diz respeito aos seus aspectos físicos e temáticos. Entrevistas com descendentes e análise de documentos da família complementam os dados. Os resultados revelaram que o acervo da atual biblioteca foi construído em duas vertentes. Uma da época do Conde e dos seus primeiros descendentes, cujos vestígios são visíveis, mas que ao longo dos anos perderam-se em parte. A outra foi obtida através da reconstrução da biblioteca que existiu, a partir de idéias, notícias e o imaginário atual sobre o que teria sido um acervo da passagem do século XIX para o século XX. Através das temáticas abrangidas pelo acervo, verifica-se que os Botelho, seguindo a tendência elitista da época, valorizavam a cultura européia, principalmente a francesa. As temáticas ‘viagens’, ‘história’ e ‘exotismo’ em relação ao Brasil são bastante privilegiadas no acervo. A coleção evidencia ainda a mudança das preferências de leitura ao longo das gerações, como por exemplo, da predominância das ciências humanas para a inclusão de obras de ciências exatas. Há também algumas obras especiais com dedicatórias e em primeiras edições.
Studies the history of a private library owned by many generations of the family of the Count of Pinhal, an eminent politician and businessman who lived in the second half of the XIX century and who had an important role in the foundation and development of the city of S. Carlos in the countryside of S. Paulo State. The objectives include analysis of the cultural aspects which determined the beginning of the collection and its preservation; identifying the reading practices of the Botelho which may represent the readers of the rural aristocracy in the Brazilian period of the move from monarchy to republic, and verifying the congruences between the collection and the cultural patterns of that time. Founded on historical theories of reading, the research carries out a physical and thematic analysis and characterization of the items of the library. Interviews with members of the family furnished additional data. Results revealed that the collection which form the library today presents two sections based on two historical moments. One of the time in which the Count and his immediate descendents still lived, whose vestiges are visible, although part of it has been lost through the years. The other was obtained by means of the reconstruction of the first library, based on ideas, on information, and on the present beliefs about what a collection of the threshold of the twentieth century must have been like. From the analysis of the themes covered by the collection, it was verified that the Botelho, following the elitist tendencies of the time, valued the european culture, mainly the french culture. As to the themes related to Brazil, the most frequent were “traveling”, “history” and “exoticism”. The collection also reveals reading preference shifts through time, as for example, from the predominance of human sciences to hard sciences. There are also some special first edition books with notes from authors.
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Flores, Giovanna Gertrudes Benedetto 1959. "Os sentidos de nação, liberdade e independência na imprensa brasileira (1821-1822) e a função do discurso jornalístico brasileiro." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270536.
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Orientador: Claudia Regina Castellanos PfeifferTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Résumé: L'histoire de la presse brésilienne est directement liée à la colonisation portugaise, avec l'arrivée de la Cour au Brésil et l'installation de la Presse Royale, en 1808, quand il a commencé à circuler les premiers périodiques de la colonie. Cette proposition de recherché a pour but penser à l'histoire de la presse brésilienne, non seulement comme un compte rendu des événements, avec des dates et des noms qui ont marqué des moments importants au Brésil, mais en essayant de comprendre comment la presse a contribué dans le processus de signification de transformer le Brésil-colonie dans une nation et comment a été La relation entre le Brésil et le Portugal dans le projet d'indépendance. Nous allons analyser discursivement les périodiques O Espelho, O Conciliador do Reino Unido, Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense, Correio do Rio de Janeiro e O Macaco Brasileiro, visant à comprendre le processus de signification de (mots?) nation, indépendance et liberté dans ces périodiques en 1821 et 1822. Ces documents sont importants pour comprendre La relation des médias avec le processus d'indépendance du Brésil. Notre recherche est soutenue théoriquement par l'analyse du discours, en produisant des gestes d'interprétation qui permettent la compréhension d'une part du fonctionnement d'une époque, d'une pratique sociale qui produisent sens-fondateurs. Le mouvement théorique et analytique indique une nouvelle discursivitée qui correspond à la fondation du discours journalistique brésilien et à une position-sujet journaliste brésilien
Resumo: A história da imprensa brasileira está relacionada diretamente com a colonização portuguesa, com a vinda da Corte para o Brasil e com a instalação da Imprensa Régia, em 1808, quando começaram a circular os primeiros periódicos na colônia. Esta pesquisa tem por proposta pensar parte da história da imprensa brasileira, não apenas como relato de acontecimentos, com datas e nomes que marcaram momentos importantes do Brasil, mas procurar compreender como a imprensa contribuiu no processo de significação de transformar o Brasil-colônia em nação e como foi a relação entre Brasil e Portugal no projeto de independência. Estaremos analisando discursivamente os periódicos O Espelho, O Conciliador do Reino Unido, Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense, Correio do Rio de Janeiro e O Macaco Brasileiro, tendo como objetivo entender o processo de significação de nação, independência e liberdade nesses periódicos de 1821 e 1822. Esses jornais são importantes para compreendermos o modo de relação da mídia com o processo de independência do Brasil. Nossa pesquisa tem como suporte teórico a Análise do Discurso, produzindo gestos de interpretação que vão possibilitar compreender parte do funcionamento de uma época, de uma prática social que produzem sentidos fundadores. O movimento teórico-analítico aponta para uma nova discursividade que corresponde à fundação do discurso jornalístico brasileiro e a uma posição-sujeito jornalista brasileiro
Abstract: Brazilian press history is closely related to the Portuguese colonization, the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil and the implantation of the Royal Press, in 1808, when the first newspapers began to circulate in the colonial territory. This research proposes to reflect about part of the Brazilian press history not only as a report on the happenings, bringing dates and names that highlighted Brazil's important moments, but also to understand both how the press contributed for making meaning of the transformation process of a colony into a nation, and the relationship between Brazil and Portugal in the independence project. This work will analyze the discourse in the following newspapers: O Espelho, O Conciliador do Reino Unido, Reverbero Constitucional Fluminense, Correio do Rio de Janeiro and O Macaco Brasileiro, aiming at understanding the meaning construction process of nation, independence and freedom throughout 1821 and 1822. Those papers are relevant for the study of the relationship between the media and Brazilian independence process. Our research has as theoretical background the Discourse Analysis, producing interpretation movements that will allow the understanding of a certain period in time, of a social practice that produced founding meanings. The theoretical-analytical movement points out to a new discursivity that corresponds to the foundation of the Brazilian journalistic discourse and the Brazilian journalist subject position
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Suzuki, Tamako. "Écriture et philosophie dans l’histoire de Justine et de Juliette de Sade." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040115.
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La présente étude tente d’élucider comment les œuvres sadiennes, dont le thème est ‘‘ les malheurs de la vertu et les prospérités du vice ’’, traitent la manière dont la pensée passe de la théologie au matérialisme. On retrace d’abord la genèse de l’histoire de Justine et de Juliette, puis récapitule l’histoire du thème à propos de la morale humain. Ensuite, notre lecture éclaircit la particularité du langage que l’auteur emploie et examine son choix de mots, ses expressions et sa rhétorique. On montre l’effet-choc des mots érotiques et violents introduits dans les conventions du langage social. On élucide, à la fin, la nature de la pensée matérialiste, à laquelle Sade emprunte ses arguments, et l’on réfléchit sur la façon dont cette pensée et l’écriture caractéristique de Sade se combinent avec le thème de la vertu et du vice. L’auteur détourne ses sources et travaille ses emprunts afin de justifier les crimes. L’intrigue du récit reflète son point de vue sur le matérialismeThis study attempts to elucidate how works of Sade, whose theme is ‘‘misfortunes of virtue and prosperity of vice ’’, relate the change of thoughts from the theology to the materialism. The first part of this study presents the genesis of the story of Justine and Juliette, and follows the history of themes about morals. Then, our reading shows features of Sade’s writing, his choice of words and his rhetoric. They reveal the effect of erotic and violent words juxtaposed with the conventional language. We illustrate finally Sade’s materialist vision, and reveal relationship of his thoughts and his writing to the theme of the story. The author distorts a materialist philosophy by his own logic, and the story reflects his viewpoints
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Levy-Mimran, Sarah-Anna. "La communauté juive a Londres au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030016.
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Dans un contexte largement plus inclusif qu’oppressif, la communauté juive nouvellement réadmise depuis 1656 s’installe, se forme et se construit tout au long du XVIIIè siècle à Londres : au groupe de Crypto-Juifs fragilisé par les persécutions de l’Inquisition et qui trouve là la promesse d’un nouveau départ et de nouvelles espérances, se joint un flot d’immigrants d’Europe de l’Est, qui ne cesse d’enfler. Avec quelques marchands et financiers prospères, et une grande majorité de familles vivant plus difficilement de l’artisanat, du colportage, de l’usure ou de la charité, les deux congrégations fondent leurs institutions religieuses, éducatives, caritatives, voire politiques, et tâchent de s’intégrer dans une société aux valeurs de laquelle elles s’avèrent particulirement perméables. La question du maintien de l’identité juive se pose dès lors avec force, soulevant les problèmes d’acculturation et d’assimilation, voire de conversionIn a largely more inclusive than oppressive environment, the newly reaccepted Jewish community sets up and builds up in London, during the course of the eighteenth century: a stream of eastern-Europe immigrants which never stops swelling, adds up to the small group of Crypto-Jews, weakened by the persecutions of the Inquisition, which finds here the promise of a fresh start, and new hopes. With a few prosperous mer-chants and financiers and a vast majority of modest individuals, earning a small living as craftsmen, pedlars, usurers or depending on charity, the two congregations found their religious, educational, charitable, and even political institutions, and try to inte-grate in a society to the values of which they prove to be particularly permeable. The question of the preservation of the Jewish identity arises, bringing up the problems of acculturation, assimilation and conversion
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Cabrini, Júnior Paulo de Tarso. "Uma novela infernal /." Assis : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94149.
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Orientador: Odil José de Oliveira FilhoBanca: Aguinaldo José Gonçalves
Banca: José Carlos Zamboni
Resumo: As Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada têm sido um texto polêmico, pela suspeita de que transmite, sob a forma de novela doutrinária católica, uma mensagem contrária a essa mesma doutrina e suas práticas. Escrita em Portugal, no início do século XVIII, mas publicada, no Brasil, apenas em 1861-1862, a novela é atribuída a Antonio José da Silva (1705-1739), autor conhecido por suas peças para teatro de bonecos, nas quais usava satirizar as instituições e os valores morais e sociais de sua época. Cristão-novo, mais conhecido pelo apelido "O Judeu", Antonio José foi preso e torturado, em 1726, por crime de judaísmo. Foi depois dessa primeira prisão que Antonio José passou a escrever e fazer representarem suas peças, como forma "disfarçada" de agressão e resistência ao Tribunal da Inquisição, até ser preso novamente e executado em auto-de-fé, em 1739. Esta dissertação de mestrado se propõe a investigar a mensagem "camuflada" das Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada, e interpretar a crítica ao Tribunal da Inquisição, disfarçada, textualmente, em apologia da doutrina católica.
Abstract: Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada is a controversial text, because it seems that, under a catholic and doctrinal shape, it transmits a message against that same doctrine and against its practices. The story was written in Portugal, in the beginning of the XVIIIth century, but it was published in Brazil in 1861-1862. Its authorship is imputed to Antonio José da Silva (1705-1739), an author known by his puppet plays, which he used to satirize the institutions, the moral and the social values of his age. Antonio José, better known as "The Jew", was arrested and tortured in 1726, because of jewish practices. After that, he began to write and perform his plays, as a "disguised" form of agression and resistence to the Inquisition, and done it until his last imprisonment and death (1739). The motion of this present work is an investigation of the "disguised" message of the story Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada, in order to decode the assaults against the Inquisition - assaults textually disguised beneath an eulogy of the catholic doctrine.
Mestre
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Bastos, Carlos Augusto de Castro. "No limiar dos Impérios: projetos, circulações e experiências na fronteira entre a Capitania do Rio Negro e a Província de Maynas (c.1780-c.1820)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-13012014-104147/.
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Esta tese analisa as políticas destinadas à área fronteiriça entre a Capitania do Rio Negro e a Província de Maynas, bem como as circulações e experiências que caracterizaram esse espaço amazônico. O recorte cronológico abarca, inicialmente, os trabalhos de demarcação de limites empreendidos por representantes das Coroas espanhola e portuguesa, na década de 1780, compreendendo ainda os anos de crise política do Antigo Regime e a eclosão dos movimentos de independência na América nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. Nesse trabalho, privilegia-se uma análise que atente para as relações transfronteiriças, os impactos no espaço em questão das grandes transformações vivenciadas pelos impérios ibéricos e as leituras, interpretações e ações gestadas pelos sujeitos que habitavam essa fronteira ibero-americana.This thesis examines the policies concerning the border area between the Captaincy of Rio Negro and the Province of Maynas, as well as the circulations and experiences that characterize this Amazonian space. Initially, the chronological period considered includes the demarcation of boundaries undertaken by representative members of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns in the 1780s, the years of political crisis of the Old Regime, and the outbreak of the independence movements in America in the early decades of the XIXth century. In this work, the analysis attempts to cross-border relations, the impacts this space has suffered due to great changes experienced by the Iberian empires, and also, the readings, interpretations and actions generated by the subjects who inhabited this Iberoamerican frontier.
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Soromenho, Nicolete Roberta Kelly. "De Reims à Varennes : les langages de l’autorité politique dans la France révolutionnaire." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0098/document.
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Servant de titre à notre travail, la distance entre Reims, terre de sacre royal, et Varennes, village où Louis XVI et sa famille ont été pris en flagrant délit de fuite, est une métaphore de l’érosion du langage de l’autorité politique (notamment, le droit divin des rois) au cours du XVIIIe siècle et de la concurrence entre les discours de résistance aux autorités traditionnelles et ceux qui proposèrent un nouvel ordre politique sur la base des fondements théoriques et abstraits de la France du dix-septième siècle (le constitutionnalisme, le contractualisme, entre autres discours). Nous mettons en lumière pamphlets, brochures, actes parlementaires et documents administratifs et de gouvernement, écrits à l’occasion du sacre et du procès engendré par la fuite du Roi, ceux-ci n’étant pas à strictement parler, des œuvres classiques de la théorie politique. Toutefois, systématiquement analysées sans omettre de les articuler aux travaux de philosophie politique de l’époque largement connus, de telles sources permettent d’observer la dynamique de l’autorité politique, tout comme les disputes relatives à la définition de la nature et aux limites du (corps) souverain, portées par différents langages politiques de l’histoire. En réalité, dans la présente recherche, l’autorité politique est, pour paraphraser John Pocock, une activité discursivement constituée. Loin d’affirmer que de tels discours auraient été intronisés seulement au moment de la rupture, c’est-à-dire pendant les évènements qui marquèrent la Révolution Française de 1789, dans notre travail nous soutenons qu’au regard des écrits des auteurs analysés, les langages politiques gardent une forte ressemblance avec ceux qui étaient déjà en circulation et avaient pour but de contester l’ordre en vigueur, utilisés au cours des décennies antérieures à la période révolutionnaire, dès l’Ancien Régime. En réalité, notre hypothèse interprétative indique autant les effets de la rupture qu’une certaine continuité des langages dans un contexte particulier de l’histoireProviding the title of our thesis, it is the distance from Rheims to Varennes (the first being the land of the royal consecration and the last the place where Louis XVI and his family were caught fleeing), that provides the metaphor both for the erosion of the language of political authority (especially, the king’s divine right) during the 18th century and for the competition between political discourses of resistance to traditional authorities and those which proposed a new political order, based on theoretical and abstract foundations (notably the constitutionalism, the contractualism, among other discourses). We want to analyse the dynamics of political authority in that period by shedding some light on pamphlets, brochures, parliamentary minutes and administrative documents written during the consecration and the process engendered by the royal flight. Even though such documents may not be considered canonical works in political theory, closer analysis and their articulation with the philosophical works of that period allow us to observe the disputes over the definition of the nature and the limits of the sovereign’s body based on political languages of history. Indeed, this research takes political authority as a discursively constituted activity, to paraphrase John Pocock. Far from arguing that such discourses would have been constituted only at the moment of rupture, during the noticeable events of the French Revolution, in 1789, In this work we sought to sustain that the political languages coming from the pen of our authors keep a strong resemblance to those already in circulation and contesting that current order. In fact, this repertory was forged in the decades before the revolutionary period – specifically during the last ordination of the Ancien Régime, in Rheims. Accordingly, the thesis' interpretative hypothesis takes into account both the effects of rupture and the continuity in certain languages that held the legitimate political authority in a particular context in history
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Silva, Patricia Garcia Ernando da. "Últimos desejos e promessas de liberdade: os processos de alforrias em São Paulo (1850-1888)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-08092011-145143/.
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Esta dissertação de Mestrado tem por objetivo explicitar a relação entre senhores e escravos, analisando as alforrias no contexto da transmissão de bens e partilha de heranças, entre 1850 e 1888, nas freguesias da Sé, Brás, Santa Efigênia, Penha, Conceição de Guarulhos, Juquery, Nossa Senhora do Ó, São Bernardo e Cotia, que eram os Distritos de Paz da cidade de São Paulo. Pretende-se, partindo das manumissões registradas nos testamentos, principalmente as condicionadas à morte do proprietário de cativos, verificar a obtenção da liberdade jurídica, entendida como conquista do status jurídico de forro pelo ex-cativo e seus possíveis significados. Para tal enfoque, serão analisados os testamentos, inventários post-mortem e as cartas de liberdade registradas na Capital. Desse modo, será possível confrontar a vontade dos testadores à forma como esta pôde ser cumprida, após a morte, levando em consideração o patrimônio amealhado, as atitudes dos herdeiros nas sucessões e a legislação exposta nas Ordenações Filipinas, na Constituição de 1824, nos decretos e leis excepcionais, no Direito Romano e no direito consuetudinário, dispositivos que influenciavam nos assuntos relativos à escravidão.This Masters Degree Dissertation has as subject to demonstrate the relationship between masters and slaves, analysing the alforrias in the context of transmition of goods and sharing of heritages, from 1850 to 1888, in the Freguesias of Sé, Brás, Santa Ifigênia, Penha, Conceição de Guarulhos, Juquery, Nossa Senhora do Ó, São Bernardo and Cotia, which were the Distritos de Paz of São Paulo City. We aim to verify the obtention of legal freedom, understood as a conquest of legal status as forro by the ex-captive and the possibles meanings of it, starting from manumitions registered on wills, mainly the conditional manumitions linked to the death of captive owners. Through this perspective, the wills, inventories post-mortem and freedom letters registered on the city capital will be analysed. By this way, it will be possible to confront the wishes of the slave owners with the mode those ones could be accomplished after the owners death, taking in account the patrimony amassed, the atitudes of the heirs concerning the succession, and the laws exposed in the Ordenações Filipinas, in the Constitution of 1824, in the decrees and exceptional laws, in Roman and Common Law, in all these legal documents that had influence on the themes related to slavery.
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Van, Kempen Muriel. "Les réfugiés de l'Unigenitus et l'Eglise de Hollande (1725-1745 )." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100005.
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En 1724, le chapitre d’Utrecht rompait définitivement avec Rome en se dotant d’une hiérarchie propre. Or précisément au même moment, les persécutions anti-jansénistes augmentaient en France, particulièrement contre les religieux. Depuis longtemps cette Église entretenait des liens avec les milieux port-royalistes et elle devint rapidement et logiquement le lieu où l’on pouvait envoyer ces religieux à couvert des persécutions. La naissance et les premières péripéties de ce refuge, créé dans l’urgence, sont l’objet particulier de notre étude. Les jansénistes français mirent rapidement tous leurs espoirs dans l’Église d’Utrecht, celle ci devant servir de modèle à une Église universelle obscurcie. Mais très vite les rêves et les espoirs se sont heurtés à une réalité bien moins reluisante. Les difficultés rencontrées furent multiples et les divisions croisées à divers niveaux, dans l’Église de Hollande ou dans les communautés, en France ou aux Provinces-Unies, individuellement ou en groupe, jusqu’à rendre la situation inextricable. Ces difficultés compromirent l’avenir de ce refuge mais aussi de l’Église d’Utrecht jusqu’à ce que l’interaction France-Hollande diminue sous l’épiscopat de Meindaerts (1739-1767), amenant l’apaisementIn 1724, the chapter of Utrecht consecrated its own bishop, thus breaking up for good with Rome. And strikingly enough, at the same time in France, jansenists were increasingly persecuted, especially in congregations. The Dutch clergy of Utrecht has for long maintained close links with French jansenism circles so that it became naturally and quickly the best place to shelter these oppressed monks. The various episodes, including the genesis of this makeshift church, shall retain our attention and be the main topic of our study. French jansenists soon relied upon this new independent church which was expected to provide a good example for Rome to follow. Yet, pretty soon, all their dreams and hopes vanished and melted away as they faced reality. Division, added to several difficulties arose on different levels, be it in the Dutch Church, in communities, in France or in the United Provinces, and consequently aggravated the situation. Those latter hindrances threatened not only the existence and the future of the refuge but also compromised the Utrecht Church. However, the episcopate of Meindaerts (1739-1767) brought about relief and comfort
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Cabrini, Júnior Paulo de Tarso [UNESP]. "Uma novela infernal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94149.
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cabrinijunior_pt_me_assis.pdf: 347300 bytes, checksum: 1beb213681f7ce2605a14c2e4aeee265 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada têm sido um texto polêmico, pela suspeita de que transmite, sob a forma de novela doutrinária católica, uma mensagem contrária a essa mesma doutrina e suas práticas. Escrita em Portugal, no início do século XVIII, mas publicada, no Brasil, apenas em 1861-1862, a novela é atribuída a Antonio José da Silva (1705-1739), autor conhecido por suas peças para teatro de bonecos, nas quais usava satirizar as instituições e os valores morais e sociais de sua época. Cristão-novo, mais conhecido pelo apelido O Judeu, Antonio José foi preso e torturado, em 1726, por crime de judaísmo. Foi depois dessa primeira prisão que Antonio José passou a escrever e fazer representarem suas peças, como forma disfarçada de agressão e resistência ao Tribunal da Inquisição, até ser preso novamente e executado em auto-de-fé, em 1739. Esta dissertação de mestrado se propõe a investigar a mensagem camuflada das Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada, e interpretar a crítica ao Tribunal da Inquisição, disfarçada, textualmente, em apologia da doutrina católica.
Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada is a controversial text, because it seems that, under a catholic and doctrinal shape, it transmits a message against that same doctrine and against its practices. The story was written in Portugal, in the beginning of the XVIIIth century, but it was published in Brazil in 1861-1862. Its authorship is imputed to Antonio José da Silva (1705-1739), an author known by his puppet plays, which he used to satirize the institutions, the moral and the social values of his age. Antonio José, better known as The Jew, was arrested and tortured in 1726, because of jewish practices. After that, he began to write and perform his plays, as a disguised form of agression and resistence to the Inquisition, and done it until his last imprisonment and death (1739). The motion of this present work is an investigation of the disguised message of the story Obras do Diabinho da Mão Furada, in order to decode the assaults against the Inquisition - assaults textually disguised beneath an eulogy of the catholic doctrine.
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Piola, Caselli Chiara. "Les Cours d'Ugo Foscolo à l'Université de Pavie : genèse, sources et commentaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL032.
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Le succès éditorial et critique de l'Oraison sur l'origine et l'office de la littérature (1809) de Foscolo a laissé dans l'ombre les autres textes du corpus des cours que l'écrivain italien assura à l'Université de Pavie. Ce travail souhaite éclairer cet aspect de l'œuvre de Foscolo, souvent négligé par la critique littéraire. A cette fin nous reconstruisons l'activité d'enseignement de Foscolo à Pavie et la place qu'elle assume dans sa réflexion littéraire et philosophique. Les cours concentrent à eux tous seuls bon nombre de motifs-clé de sa production littéraire. Ils catalysent les suggestions provenant de ses lectures et des débats littéraires des années précédentes qui avaient nourri une réflexion restée jusque-là à l'état fragmentaire tout en préparant la systématisation de sa pensée critique qui caractérise la production de sa période anglaise (1817-1827). En particulier, dans ces cours, Foscolo poursuit deux objectifs principaux : 1) définir la fonction civique de l'homme de lettres à travers une nouvelle caractérisation éthique et politique de l'éloquence ; 2) formuler un projet éducatif qui s'adresse à la classe moyenne, d'où émerge la nécessité de créer une langue unitaire et une tradition littéraire nationale et la revendication d'un nouveau modèle d'historiographie qui dépasse les limites de l'érudition du XVIIIe siècle. Cette étude est complétée par la reconstruction de l'histoire éditoriale des cours et leur commentaire. Le texte revu et corrigé critiquement (par rapport à la dernière édition, celle d'Emilio Santini, qui ne rend pas compte d'importantes corrections et variantes) sert de base pour le commentaire, une annotation critique et historique qui illustre les sources utilisées par Foscolo et de usage, direct ou indirect, qu'il en fit dans sa réflexion littéraire, philosophique et linguistiqueThe positive reviews – both editorial and critical – achieved by Foscolo's 1809 lecture On the origin and duty of literature have overshadowed the Italian author's text corpus of the classes he's given at the University of Pavia. This study is willing to explain this specific aspect of Foscolo's work, often skipped by literary criticism. For this aim we reenact Foscolo's teaching experience in Pavia and the importance of it in His philosophical and literary thought. His classes alone include a good number of key themes of His literary work. Those catalyze the suggestions coming from his readings and the literary debates of the previous years, that have fed His thinking, at that time still in development , but soon to be settled in His critical thought, clearly visible in His English period work (1817-1827). In these classes particularly, Foscolo tries to reach two primary goals: 1) to define the civil duties of a literary man by a new ethical and political definition of oratory; 2) to create an educational project for the middle class; hence it bursts the need for creating a common unitary language and a national literary tradition as well as the assert of a new historiographical model, able to go beyond the Eighteenth Century scholarship boundaries. This study is concluded with a timeline reconstruction of the publishing history of His classes and their commentary. Such text lessons, critically revised and corrected (compared to their last edition available – edited by Emilio Santini – that failed to consider important revisions and different versions) are the foundation of the commentary, a critical and historical marginalia showing the sources used by Foscolo and of the use – either directly or indirectly – he made in His literary, philosophical and linguistic thought
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Auffret, Anne-Lise. "Le musée céramique de la manufacture de Sèvres : progrès techniques, enjeux artistiques et pratiques savantes en France (1800-1914)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010570.
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L’administrateur de la manufacture de Sèvres, Alexandre Brongniart, ouvrait au public en 1824 le musée royal céramique et vitrique, envisagé dès 1802, et qui se voulait d’un genre nouveau. À vocation encyclopédique, dans l’esprit des Lumières, il ambitionnait de présenter les céramiques de tous les lieux et de tous les temps afin de former les ouvriers et les artistes. L’histoire de l’institution, que nous avons souhaité retracer et analyser sur plus d’un siècle, n’est pas linéaire et son évolution se dessine au gré des changements économiques, esthétiques ou des bouleversements politiques. Dès lors, notre étude entreprend de montrer de quelle manière se construit le passage d’un musée technique créé par un naturaliste évoluant au sein du Muséum, vers une construction vouée entièrement à l’art, à la mise en patrimoine de la céramique, au monde du collectionnisme. Les nombreux legs et donations d’amateurs, la nomination du collectionneur Champfleury à sa direction, le développement de recherches historiques sur ce domaine artistique, sont autant de facteurs qui vont contribuer à façonner le musée en ce XIXe siècle fasciné par l’objet manufacturé. À travers ces pistes de recherche, notre approche consiste à étudier le rôle de cet établissement dans un contexte d’essor industriel et d’un intérêt nouveau pour les « arts mineurs ». Ainsi, nous proposons, par le biais de ce travail, de contribuer aux réflexions, toujours actuelles, sur les interactions entre l’art et l’industrieThe Musée Céramique et Vitrique was opened to the public in 1824 by Alexandre Brongniart, the administrator of the Sèvres manufactory. The museum was conceptualized in 1802, and aimed to be of a new sort. In the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment Brongniart aimed to create an encyclopaedia of ceramic education and skills for future ceramics workers and artists. We have attempted to redraw and analyze the history of the institution for over a century, and we have discovered that it does not follow a linear path. The evolution of the institution was influenced by economic, aesthetic, and political upheavals. Our current study attempts to show how a museum, created by a naturalist and dedicated to technical knowledge, evolved to what it is now, an institution focused on the art and history of ceramics, with a lesser emphasis on collectibles. Many factors shape the museum in this XIXth century, including; the legacy and donations of amateurs, the management of collector Champfleury, and historical research on the art of ceramics. Our approach will be to study the role of the museum in the context of industrial development, and a renewed interest in the “minor arts”. Through this study, we aim to show the interactions between art and the industry
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Iordanou, Charis. "La théorie de la basse fondamentale en France. Étude de sa diffusion et de sa didactisation au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040012/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier l’intégration, la didactisation et la modification de la théorie ramiste, de son statut et de sa finalité dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle en France, à travers les ouvrages didactiques sur l’écriture musicale. Elle vise à comprendre et à expliquer, d’une part, le remplacement des ouvrages théoriques de Rameau par des ouvrages de ses interprètes et, d’autre part, le rejet de la théorie de la basse fondamentale au début du XIXe siècle. La première partie de la thèse présente l’œuvre théorique de Rameau, la réception, l’interprétation et la propagation de son système par ses contemporains. Dans une deuxième partie, la pratique des partisans ramistes est située dans son contexte (scientifique, socio culturel, éducatif, philosophique et didactique), pour examiner la démarche de ces auteurs, esquisser une typologie de leurs ouvrages et déterminer la place qu’ils occupent dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Enfin, la troisième partie, consacrée à l’analyse des ouvrages didactiques, cherche à faire émerger le rôle de ces médiateurs dans le devenir paradoxal de la théorie ramiste et à dégager les transformations théoriques et didactiques de cette théorie ainsi que les facteurs influençant positivement ou négativement son interprétation et sa diffusionThis work is concerned with the analysis of the integration, didactisation and modification of Rameau’s theory, as well as of its status and definiteness in the second half of the XVIIIth century in France, via the study of the didactic treatises on music. This thesis aims in understanding and explaining, first, the substitution of the theoretical works of Rameau by the studies of its interpreters, and second, the rejection of the fundamental bass theory in the beginning of the XIXth century. More specifically, the first part of the thesis presents the theoretical work of Rameau, in particular, the reception, interpretation and transmission of his system by his contemporaries. In the second part of the thesis, the practice of Rameau’s supporters is put into context (scientific, socio-cultural, educational, philosophical and didactic), in order to investigate the reasoning of these authors, to outline the typology of their treatises and to determine the significance of their work in the second half of the XVIIIth century. Finally, the third part of this thesis deals with the analysis of the didactic works on music and attempts to bring out the role of Rameau propagators to the paradoxical fate of Rameau’s theory in order to remove its theoretical and didactic transformations as well as to reveal and eliminate the positive or negative influential factors of its interpretation and diffusion
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Carminati, Pauline. "« Le Paradis en boutique ». L’édition de sculptures religieuses au XIXe siècle : la maison Raffl." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP031.
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Le XIXe siècle apparaît comme un âge d’or du multiple en sculpture. Du mouleur ambulant à la manufacture employant plusieurs centaines d’ouvriers, l’édition sculptée a pris toutes les formes, s’est déclinée dans toutes les matières et diffusée dans toute la société. Le catholicisme n’est pas resté à l’écart de ce phénomène. Il en a été au contraire un terrain d’élection et un moteur. Pour en rendre compte, ce travail s’est appuyé sur l’étude d’une entreprise spécialisée dans la création et l’édition de sculptures religieuses : la maison Raffl. En remontant aux origines de l’entreprise au tournant du XIXe siècle et en suivant son évolution jusqu’à sa liquidation en 1953, la thèse retrace l’émergence, le rayonnement et le déclin de cette production statuaire communément qualifiée de « saint-sulpicienne », éclairant un pan méconnu de l’art religieux et du décor des églises du Concordat au Concile Vatican IIThe XIXth century appears as the Golden Age of the multiple in sculpture. From the ambulant cast maker to the crowded factory, sculptural editions circulated under all kinds of shapes, using all kinds of materials, and throughout society. Catholicism didn’t stay away from this phenomenon, and was instrumental to its birth and growth. In order to account for it, this paper focuses on the study of one particular factory, which specialized in the production of religious sculpture: the « maison Raffl ». Going back to its origins in the late XVIIIth and following its evolution up until its dissolution in 1953, this dissertation retraces the emergence, heyday and demise of this type of sculptural production, commonly labelled « saint-sulpicienne », and sheds a new light on a little known area of religious art and church decoration, from the Concordat to the Second Vatican Council
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Pinot, Anne. "Expérience et sens du déracinement dans l’œuvre romanesque de Dostoïevski et de Bernanos." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040045.
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Les romans de Dostoïevski et de Bernanos se rencontrent sur la frontière fragile de la littérature et de la métaphysique ; l’incarnation des personnages dans des espaces et des lieux que leurs cœurs troublés contaminent donne au texte son symbolisme essentiel, qui n’est ni le « paysage choisi » romantique, ni l’espace surdéterminé des réalistes. L’incarnation ne contredit pas les règles de la création romanesque, puissamment remodelées par les deux auteurs, mais les refondent dans des histoires familiales archétypales où la maison paternelle peut être le lieu d’un meurtre moral initial. Derrière les discours de personnages bavards, avides de philosophie et de psychologie (ce qui a longtemps retenu surtout l’attention de la critique), se cache la question du langage et de l’esthétique face à la vérité. Beaucoup sont des menteurs, qui ont oublié le sens du langage enraciné auquel croyait Bernanos, et les soliloqueurs de Dostoïevski se perdent dans les méandres de leurs souterrains verbaux. La question de l’esthétique est tributaire des vicissitudes d’une époque (les années 1880-1930) qui est celle du déracinement des intellectuels ; quelle est cette beauté qui « sauvera le monde » dans un univers qui n’est plus théocentré, et quelle est la légitimité du romancier à en proposer la quête, surtout si elle est spirituelle ? Malgré la présence de figures du salut qui, dans la douleur de confrontations violentes, proposent l’acceptation de l’altérité, les déracinés persistent souvent dans la voie du mensonge et préfèrent le masque démoniaque du double ou le néant de l’«à quoi bon ? »Dostoyevsky's and Bernanos's novels meet up on the frail boundary between literature and metaphysics; the incarnation of characters in spaces and places tainted by their troubled hearts gives the text its essential symbolism, which is neither the romantic "chosen landscape" nor the realists' overdetermined space. Incarnation does not contradict the rules of fictional creation —powerfully remodeled by the two authors— but recasts them in archetypal family stories where the father's home can be the locus of an initial moral murder. Behind the words of garrulous characters, who are eager for philosophy and psychology (which long caught the critics' attention), there lies the question of language and aestheticism confronted with truth. Many of them are liars who have forgotten the meaning of the entrenched language which Bernanos cherished, and Dostoyevsky's soliloquists get lost in the rambling development of their convoluted wording. The question of aestheticism depends on the vicissitudes of a period (1880-1930) which was marked by the uprooting of intellectuals: what is this beauty which will "save the world", a world which is no longer theo-centred, and how legitimate is a novelist who proposes its quest, especially if it is a spiritual one? Despite the existence of salvation figures who, through the suffering caused by violent confrontation, propose the acceptance of otherness, the uprooted characters often choose to lie persistently and prefer the demonic mask of duality or the nothingness of the "a quoi bon", an expression of absolute indifference and disillusionment
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Courant, Elsa. "Poésie et cosmologie dans la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle : nouvelle mythologie de la nuit à l'ère du positivisme." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE042.
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La poésie et la cosmologie sont étroitement liées depuis l’Antiquité. Des traités d’astronomie didactiques en vers aux récits mythologiques, en passant par les hypothèses cosmologiques versifiées sur la structure de notre monde, les formes de ce dialogue sont aussi nombreuses que diverses. Or les échanges féconds entre poésie et cosmologie perdurent à travers les âges, pour culminer au XIXe siècle, dont les débuts marquent une promotion remarquable de la nuit dans l’imaginaire littéraire, à compter du premier Romantisme européen. Le cosmos, source inépuisable d’enchantement poétique, devient au XIXe siècle un sujet d’autant plus riche que les découvertes scientifiques bouleversent notre conception des cieux, ouvrant la voie à une cosmologie moderne gouvernée par les mathématiques et l’astrophysique. En France, poésie et cosmologie connaissent alors un ensemble de mutations dues à une crise de légitimité engagée par le discours positiviste. L’enquête montre comment le contexte de redéfinition des méthodes scientifiques et de renversement progressif de la hiérarchie des discours entre science et Belles-lettres a informé le dialogue entre la poésie et la cosmologie, dans le cadre d’une redéfinition parallèle de leurs formes, enjeux et valeurs. En étudiant le moment de cette transition, elle permet de porter un regard nouveau sur un ensemble de problématiques majeures qui traversent la poésie du second XIXe siècle : la forme totale et le problème du didactisme, la hiérarchie des discours de la science et de la poésie, et la question du sacerdoce poétique au regard d’un renouvellement du rapport à la mythologieSince Antiquity, there has been a close relationship between poetry and cosmology. We can perceive the coevolution of these two disciplines in a wide range of different poetic forms: mythological tales, versified didactic treatises, or versified cosmological hypotheses on the structure of worldly existence. Nineteenth-century France witnesses particularly intense debates about the nature of both poetry and cosmology, however, and the functions of these two disciplines increasingly merge, especially after Romanticism. The cosmos assumes a new relevance as both the subject of scientific investigation and poetic creation. In this period of history, crucial scientific discoveries change our perception of the skies and give rise to the modern science of cosmology, based on the principles of mathematics and astrophysics. The legitimacy of both poetry and cosmology is tested by positivist discourse, as the definition of scientific methods change and the hierarchy between science and literature is inverted. This study shows the importance of this historical context in the dialogue between poetry and cosmology. Focusing on this crucial historical turning point, this thesis sheds a new light on various major issues that French poets faced in the second half of the twentieth century: the poetic quest for a totalizing form, the difficulties posed by the didactic genre, the value of domains of knowledge and literature, the question of the religious mission of poetry, and the renewal of mythology at the time
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Gomes, Diego Veloso. "Dos corpos militares no território do ouro [manuscrito] : a composição da força militar nas minas e capitania de Goiás (1736-1770)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3558.
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The initial period of the discovery of gold mines in Goiás comprehended, beyond the glories sung by the writers of its history, the intense and typical disparities of the processes of gold rush. The empire of greed has brought the need for the establishment of forces capable of imposing order and defends the interests of the kingdom in such valuable lands. The arrival of the first company of Dragons Cavalry on those distant mines dates back to 1736, preceding even the installation of Vila Boa, single village of Goyases until the early nineteenth century. Its contingent had to stand there for a minimum period of ten years, until the defensive strength of the region was properly structured, a factor for which contributed the organization of the first troops of Ordinances in 1739, and the creation of the Regiment of Auxiliary Cavalry in 1764. As the administration of the territory settled roots and began to organize their bases, Goyases’ troops influenced and were influenced by this process. Our goal in this work is to analyze the formation and strengthening of such forces regarding the consolidation of the military structure in Goiás until 1770.
O período inicial do descobrimento das minas auríferas em Goiás abarcou, além das glórias cantadas pelos escritores de sua história, as intensas disparidades tão características dos processos de gold rush. O império da ganância trouxe a necessidade do estabelecimento de forças capazes de impor a ordem e defenderem os interesses do reino em tão diletas terras. A chegada da primeira companhia de Dragões da Cavalaria naquelas distantes minas remonta a 1736, antecedendo mesmo a instalação de Vila Boa, única vila dos Goyases até o início do século XIX. Seu contingente tinha o dever de sentar praça por um período mínimo de dez anos, até que a força defensiva da região fosse devidamente estruturada, fator para o qual concorreram a organização das primeiras tropas de Ordenanças, em 1739, e a criação do Regimento de Cavalaria de Auxiliares, no ano de 1764. Na medida em que a administração do território fincava suas raízes e começava a organizar suas bases, as tropas goianas não só influenciaram como foram influenciadas por este processo. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é analisar a formação e o fortalecimento das referidas forças armadas no tocante à consolidação da estrutura militar em Goiás até 1770.
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Silva, Rafael Ricarte da. "FORMAÃÃO DA ELITE COLONIAL DOS SERTÃES DE MOMBAÃA: TERRA, FAMÃLIA E PODER (SÃCULO XVIII)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5261.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃEste trabalho procura compreender a formaÃÃo da elite colonial nos SertÃes de MombaÃa, capitania do Siarà grande, no sÃculo XVIII. Para tanto, busca-se analisar quais os meios que permitiram a constituiÃÃo desta elite colonial, como a forma das concessÃes de sesmarias, as justificativas apresentadas pelos requerentes, a natureza individual ou coletiva dos pedidos, a origem social dos sesmeiros, visando identificar quais os padrÃes por eles apresentados que justificavam a referida mercÃ. Especificamente sobre os SertÃes de MombaÃa, ribeira do BanabuiÃ, hoje SertÃo Central do CearÃ, os pedidos eram justificados em sua maioria pelos serviÃos prestados nas guerras justas contra os gentios e como justificativa econÃmica da ocupaÃÃo nas fazendas de criar. Em seguida procuro analisar a constituiÃÃo e desenvolvimento histÃrico das fazendas de criar e as articulaÃÃes familiares e econÃmicas que propiciaram a formaÃÃo desta elite proprietÃria de terras, gados e escravos.
This research intends to analyze the colonial elite process of formation in the Hinterlands of MombaÃa, situated in the Captaincy of Siarà Grande, along the XVIIIth century. For this purpose, I have looked at the means that enabled the establishment of these colonial elite, such as, the grant allotments procedures, the justifications provided by its applicants, the individual or collective nature of the requests, and the social background of those who received allotments. Those aspects herein examined served to identify the patterns which were presented by the recipients to justify such endowment. Specifically about the Hinterlands of MombaÃa, located on the banks of the river Banabuià in the Hinterlands Central CearÃ, the applications were mostly justified for the military services rendered in the so-called fair-wars (Guerras Justas) against the indigenous nations and also as economic justification for the inlands occupations through the opening up cattle ranches. Then, I seek to analyze the configuration and the historical development of those cattle ranches, the family agreements and the economical joints that favored the formation of these local colonial elite whose economic strength was based on the ownership of lands, cattle and slaves.
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Michaud, Alexandra. "Louis-Claude Vassé (1717-1772), un sculpteur français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0287.
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Issue d’une dynastie d’artistes, Louis-Claude Vassé (1717-1772) est l’un des grands « oubliés » de la sculpture française du XVIIIe siècle. Riche d’un enseignement familial, de celui d’un des rénovateurs de l’art - Edme Bouchardon - et de l’influence de son protecteur - le comte de Caylus -, Vassé fait figure de moderne. Il a d’abord cherché son style, avant de se tourner vers l’art sévère de l’antique. « Sculpteur du roi » à partir de 1748, il prit part à des chantiers royaux. Mais c’est avec des commandes de particuliers et ses ouvrages pour la Ville de Paris qu’il gagna en notoriétéComing from a dynasty of artists, Louis-Claude Vassé (1717-1772) is one of the great "forgotten" sculptor of 18th century French sculpture. Strong of a familial education, of one of the renovators of art - Edme Bouchardon - and from the influence of his protector - the Comte de Caylus -, Vassé is a modern figure. He first looked for a style, before turning to the severe art of the antique. "Sculptor of the king" since 1748, he took part in royal works. But it is thanks to the orders from individuals and his works for the City of Paris that he gained notoriety
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Le, Pennec Anna. ""Cette catégorie d'êtres à jamais perdus" : les femmes incarcérées dans les maisons centrales du sud de la France, XIXe-début XXe siècles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20097.
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Donner la parole aux captives pour écrire leur histoire, dans laquelle elles apparaissent trop souvent comme les témoins inaudibles, les placer au cœur de l’étude, tels sont les objectifs de ce travail sur les prisonnières des maisons centrales de Cadillac et de Montpellier dans le sud de la France, depuis la naissance de la prison pénale au tournant du XIXe siècle jusqu’au début du XXe siècle : qui sont ces femmes, quelles sont leurs conditions d’incarcération, comment vivent-elles l’enfermement, entre résistances et adaptations aux tentatives de disciplinarisation exercées par la pénitentiaire ? Les réponses à ces questions évoluent non seulement en fonction des politiques pénales et des mutations sociétales, mais surtout au gré des sociabilités carcérales, plurielles et mouvantes : spécifiques aux prisons de femmes, les changements du personnel surveillant – composé successivement de gardiens laïques, de religieuses puis de surveillantes laïques – bouleversent le quotidien des détenues ; de même que les rapports aux proches, fragilisés par l’identification des condamnées comme fautives et par leur absence du foyer, à une époque où les femmes incarnent les gardiennes de la morale dans la famille et la société. Les archives pénitentiaires des départements où se situent ces deux centrales de femmes, la Gironde et l’Hérault, contiennent notamment des dossiers individuels de prisonnières, des correspondances de personnels, de détenues et de leur entourage. Par une approche au ras du sol, partant de l’intérieur des centrales, nous tâcherons de dépeindre cette microsociété emmurée en confrontant les directives nationales avec les réalités locales et les vécus individuels. Dans un monde carcéral dominé par le masculin, où les prisonnières sont très minoritaires, il s’agira de comprendre comment l’enfermement au féminin est pensé ou au contraire ignoréThe following study treats about women detainees of Cadillac's and Montpellier's central prisons in the south of France, from the penitentiary system implementation at the beginning of the 19th century to the early 20th century. It attempts to put women prisoners at the centre of the work and to give them a voice to write their own history, not as inaudible witnesses as they usually appear: who are they, what are their conditions of detention, how are they living seclusion between resistance and adaptation to disciplinarisation attempts exercised on them by prison administration ? The answers to these questions don't only shift because of penal policies and societal mutations but also due to plural and moving prison sociabilities: specific to women’s jails, prison officers switches – successively composed of secular men guards, sisters, then secular women agents – upset prisoners' daily life; as well as their relationship with their family, weakened by the detainees' identification as offenders and by their absence from their home, at a time when women embody the image of family and guardians of morality. Penitentiary archives of the departments where are located these two women central prisons, Hérault and Gironde, especially contain individual files of captives, some correspondences of jail staff, captives and relatives. Adopting a reduced scale observation, from within the jail, we will try to depict this prison microsociety comparing national directives with local context and personal experiences. In a male-dominated prison world, where women detainees represent a very small minority, we will try to understand how feminine seclusion is considered or, on the contrary, ignored
Darle la palabra a las presas para escribir su historia, dentro de la que muy a menudo aparecen como testigos inaudibles, colocarles en el centro del estudio, estos son los objetivos de este trabajo acerca de las detenidas en las cárceles de Cadillac y de Montpellier en el sur de Francia, desde el nacimiento de la prisión penal a comienzos del siglo XIX hasta el principio del siglo XX : ¿ Quiénes son, cuáles son sus condiciones de detención, cómo viven el encierro, entre resistencias y adaptaciones a las tentativas de disciplinarización que ejerce la institución penitenciaria? Las repuestas a estas preguntas evolucionan no solo según las políticas penales y las mutaciones societales sino sobre todo en función de las sociabilidades carcelarias, plurales y móviles : específicos a las cárceles de mujeres, los cambios del personal de vigilancia – compuesto sucesivamente de guardianes laicos, de religiosas y después de funcionarias laicas – perturban considerablemente la vida cotidiana de las presas; así como las relaciones con sus familiares, debilitadas por la identificación de las condenadas como culpables y por su ausencia del hogar, en una época en que las mujeres encarnan la garantía de la moral en la familia y en la sociedad. Los archivos penitenciarios de las provincias donde se sitúan estas dos cárceles, Gironde y Hérault, contienen en particular expedientes individuales de detenidas, cartas del personal, de las prisioneras y de sus familiares. Siguiendo un método de examen con lupa, desde el interior de la cárcel, intentaremos representar a esta microsociedad carcelaria, confrontando las directrices nacionales con las realidades locales y las vivencias individuales. En un mundo penitenciario dominado por lo masculino, donde las mujeres son muy minoritarias, se tratara de comprender como el encierro femenino está pensado o al contrario ignorado
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Charentenay, Alice de. "Péril en la demeure. La servante dans le roman français de 1850 à 1900." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL011.
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Cette thèse étudie le personnage de la servante dans le roman français depuis Geneviève de Lamartine, paru en 1850, premier roman à la prendre pour personnage principal, jusqu’au Journal d’une femme de chambre, d’Octave Mirbeau, en 1900, en passant par les romans des Goncourt, de Zola, de Maupassant et un ensemble de nouvelles. Cette recherche se situe dans une perspective principalement sociocritique. Après un bref examen des trajectoires des auteurs dans le champ littéraire, elle entreprend de reconstituer les discours que la figure de la domestique engendre ou mobilise, afin de comprendre comment la fiction a pu apparaître comme un moyen d’investigation para-sociologique. La figure de la domestique est d’abord envisagée comme une manière d’interroger les rapports modernes de travail et les relations entre les classes en régime de démocratie libérale. Sa place dans le schéma patriarcal et l’élaboration du foyer, en particulier dans le Paris d’Haussmann, est ensuite observée. Un dernier chapitre envisage la domestique comme fantasme sexuel issu de la littérature érotique mais retravaillé vers la préfiguration de ce qui sera conceptualisé plus tard comme l’inconscientThis thesis studies the character of the maid in the French novel. It starts from Lamartine's Geneviève, published in 1850, the first novel to make maids a main character, and ends with Octave Mirbeau's The Diary of a chambermaid, in 1900. It also studies the novels of Goncourt, Zola, Maupassant and a set of short stories. This research uses a mainly sociocritical perspective. After a brief examination of the trajectories of authors in the literary field, it undertakes to reconstitute the discourses that the figure of the servant generates or mobilizes. It focuses on how the fiction could appear as a means of para-sociological investigation. The figure of the servant is first conceived as a way of questioning the modern work relations as well as the relations between classes in a liberal democracy. The servant's place in the patriarchal pattern and the structure of the home, especially in Haussmann's Paris, is then studied. A final chapter considers the domestic as a sexual fantasy steming from erotic literature but reworked to the prefiguration of what will later be conceptualized as the unconscious
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Miranda, Antonella. "La collection de Léopold de Bourbon, prince de Salerne (1790-1851) : sa formation et sa dispersion." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30055.
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Cette étude, dans sa description du contexte historique et culturel de Naples autour des années 30 du XIX siècle, s’est orientée, en premier lieu, vers la recherche de la bibliographie plus ancienne (P. Colletta etc) ainsi que sur le dépouillement systématique des vingts volumes du journal “Monitore Napoletano”. Parallèlement elle commence l’étude des anciens guides de la ville, auprès de la Bibllioteca Nazionale de Naples, afin de retrouver les descriptions des collections privées napolitaines, des collectionneurs et du gout artistique de l’époque, la circulation des tableaux parmi les plus prestigieuses collections du royaume, ainsi que les premières descriptions des appartements du prince Leopoldo au Palais Royal de NaplesThe present study in describing the historical and cultural context around Naples the 30 years of the nineteenth century, it is oriented in the first instance, to seek oldest bibliography (P. Colletta, B. Croce, A. Acton, etc.) and to carry out the systematic examination of the twenty volumes of the newspaper "Neapolitan Monitor". In parallel, it was started the study of the ancient city guides, at the National Library of Naples in order to trace the descriptions of the collections Private Neapolitan, collectors and the artistic taste of the time, circulation the paintings in the most prestigious collections of the kingdom, and the first descriptions Prince Leopold of the apartments at the Royal Palace of Naples
Il presente studio nel descrivere il contesto storico e culturale di Napoli attorno agli anni 30 del XIX secolo, si è orientato, in prima istanza, nel ricercare la bibliografia più antica (P. Colletta, B. Croce, A. Acton, etc.) e ad effettuare lo spoglio sistematico dei venti volumi del giornale «Monitore Napoletano». Parallelamente, ha preso l’avvio lo studio delle guide antiche della città, presso la Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli al fine di rintracciare le descrizioni delle collezioni private napoletane, dei collezionisti e il gusto artistico del tempo, la circolazione dei dipinti nelle più prestigiose collezioni del regno, nonché le prime descrizioni degli appartamenti del principe Leopoldo a Palazzo Reale di Napoli
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Allard, Nicolas. "Le récit court stendhalien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA056/document.
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Cette étude consiste à embrasser dans un même mouvement les différents récits courts stendhaliens. Elle s'articule en cinq temps. Les trois premiers moments consistent à analyser, séparément, les anecdotes, nouvelles et récits inachevés stendhaliens. Une fois ces différentes typologies établies, l'étude se focalise sur la notion d'énergie, dénominateur commun de l'ensemble des récits courts composés par Stendhal. Enfin, le dernier chapitre cherche à montrer aussi bien la portée que la place de ces textes hétérogènes dans le vaste ensemble de la création stendhalienne. L'un des principaux intérêts de ce travail est de réhabiliter des textes qui, pour des raisons aussi bien génériques qu'éditoriales, n'ont pas encore été l'objet d'une étude exhaustive. Notre réflexion vise également à montrer tout à la fois la permanence et l'unité du genre bref dans l'œuvre de Stendhal, malgré l'existence d'indéniables différences entre les textes. Notre étude établit également une continuité entre récits courts et récits longs, ce qui permet de mieux comprendre des phénomènes stendhaliens aussi essentiels que l'inachèvement, la réécriture ou encore l'intertextualitéThis study is to embrace in the same movement the various short stories Stendhal. It is divided into five times. The first three stages are to analyze separately the anecdotes, news stories and unfinished Stendhal. After these established typologies, the study focuses on the concept of energy, the common denominator of all short stories composed by Stendhal. The last chapter seeks to show both the extent that instead of these heterogeneous texts in the broad set of Stendhal's creation. One of the main interests of this work is to rehabilitate texts that, for reasons both generic editorial, have not yet been subject to a comprehensive study. Our thinking is also intended to show the permanence and unity of the short kind in Stendhal's work, despite the undeniable existence of differences between the texts. Our study also establishes continuity between short stories and long stories, allowing a better understanding of phenomena as essential as Stendhal incompleteness, rewriting or intertextuality
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Santos, Vanicleia Silva. "As bolsas de mandinga no espaço atlântico: século XVIII." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-23042009-095859/.
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Dentre as práticas mágicas realizadas pelos africanos e crioulos no Império Português, tiveram destaque os amuletos em formato de bolsinha contendo ingredientes que protegiam contra armas e doenças. Sua popularidade atiçou os inquisidores do Santo Oficio que a denominou bolsa de mandinga, e os confeccionadores de mandingueiros, e interpretaram a prática como uma manifestação de feitiçaria. Essa pesquisa propõe uma análise das bolsas de mandinga utilizadas nas sociedades atlânticas como resultado da recriação de tradições africanas no mundo do cativeiro e da circulação de saberes entre africanos de diferentes origens, a partir de um fundamento da cultura banto associada ao cristianismo.Among the magical practices done by Africans and Creoles in the Portuguese Empire, we can point out charms in shape of small bags containing specific ingredients that protected against harm made by guns and illness. Their popularity intrigued the Inquisition and their agents had called them bolsa de mandinga, and the people who made them mandingueiros, interpreting those practices as manifestations of sorcery. This research tries to analyze the bolsas de mandinga utilized in the Atlantic societies as a result of the recreation of African traditions in the world of slavery and circulation of knowledge related to Africans from different origins, based in a Bantu culture associated with Christianity.
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Pallas, Basile. "De la vue au regard : littérature et photographies au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30055.
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Au XIXe siècle, la photographie est vue comme une image vraie. Produite mécaniquement, elle serait la copie fidèle de la réalité, ce qui justifie la croyance en la vérité de ses images. Dès les premiers discours tenus à son égard, la photographie apparaît comme une image transparente, ne donnant rien d’autre à voir que la réalité, ce qui explique notamment les postures de rejet généralement adoptées par les écrivains et les artistes face à cette image, antithèse de l’art. Notre travail s’efforce de montrer comment, à l’inverse, la photographie a été, dans les textes littéraires en particulier, rendue à sa visibilité, c’est-à-dire à sa nature de vraie image. Pour cela, nous déterminons comment le phénomène optique de l’aberration, qui suppose une déformation de l’image plus ou moins visible, rend compte d’une pensée s’attachant à concevoir la photographie comme vectrice de troubles dans sa représentation. Nous examinons alors différentes manifestations de ces phénomènes dans la littérature, qui sont liées à une conscience de la matérialité des images, de leur mode de fabrication particulier, mais aussi de leurs défauts, opacifiant ce qu’elles représentent. L’attention de certains écrivains portée à ce que nous appelons la dimension photographique des photographies ouvre des pistes multiples sur la poétique des textes et situe le modèle photographique dans un ailleurs du réalisme. La réflexion sur la photographie dans les textes permet également de mesurer les conséquences d’une croyance en la vérité des images, croyance qui se révèle, à différents niveaux, comme aberrante. En effet, le fantasme d’une visibilité parfaite n’a pas seulement été appréhendé comme un moyen de mesure rationnelle du monde. La visibilité accrue et excessive de la photographie révèle au contraire ce que la réalité a de plus étrange et de plus inquiétant. Dans les textes, le modèle photographique éclaire alors une représentation fantastique du monde, lorsque celui-ci s’ouvre aux fantasmes et aux hallucinations. Nous tentons de cerner, à travers des œuvres littéraires et photographiques variées (Nerval, Champfleury, Nadar, Maupassant, Geffroy, Rachilde, Bonnetain, etc…) les différents phénomènes qui apparaissent comme les principaux agents de déréalisation de l’image photographiqueIn the nineteenth century, photographs are first seen as true images. Produced mechanically, they would be the faithful copy of reality. This justified the belief in the truth of photographic images. From the earliest speeches made about it, photographs appeared as transparent images, giving nothing more to see than reality. This explains the postures of rejection generally adopted by writers and artists in the face of the photographic image, seen as the antithesis of art. Our work tries to show how, on the contrary, photography has been rendered in literary texts, to its visibility, that is, to its nature as a true image. To do this, we determine how the optical phenomenon of aberration, which is a deformation of the image, accounts for a line of thought which tries to conceive of photography as a vector of disturbances in its representation of reality. We then examine different manifestations of this phenomenon in literature. They are linked to a growing awareness of the materiality of the images and their particular mode of manufacture, but also of the defects opacifying what they represent. The attention given by certain writers to what we call the “photographic dimension” of photographs opens up multiple avenues to the poetics of texts and situates the photographic model beyond realism. The inquiry on photography in texts also makes it possible to measure the consequences of a belief in the truth of images, a belief that reveals itself, at different levels, as aberrant. Indeed, the fantasy of perfect visibility has not been apprehended only as a means of rational measurement of the world. The increased and excessive visibility of photography reveals, on the contrary, what is strangest and most disturbing in reality. The photographic model illuminates a fantastical representation of the world’s fantasies and hallucinations. The different phenomena studied then appear as the principal agents of derealization of the photographic image
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Chevrier-Bosseau, Adeline. "Emily Dickinson du côté de Shakespeare : modalités théâtrales du lyrisme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030128.
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La poésie d’Emily Dickinson dévoile un lyrisme théâtralisé : chaque poème devient une scène où évolue une voix qui se travestit, s’altère, se diffracte en divers échos. Très influencée par l’œuvre de Shakespeare, mais également par la théâtralité ambiante de l’Amérique victorienne, Dickinson met en scène le sujet lyrique dans ce qu’il a de plus théâtral. La théâtralité de référence étant celle du dramaturge et poète élisabéthain, cette "contamination" du théâtre nous incite à élargir notre conception du lyrisme. Si l’on observe des résurgences ironiques d’une conception traditionnelle du lyrisme comme un épanchement intime, ce dernier est surtout à envisager en termes de dynamique, d’énergie. Le théâtre est pour Emily Dickinson le lieu autre où le lyrisme s’altère plus avant, la structure nodale de l’écriture lyrique et son cœur battant, le lieu de sa revitalisationEmily Dickinson’s poetry showcases a dramatic kind of lyricism: each poem becomes a scene where the lyric voice changes shape, tone, and even gender. Strongly influenced by Shakespeare’s work and by the extremely theatrical culture of Victorian America, Dickinson stages the lyrical self at its most theatrical. The fact that the Elizabethan playwright and poet’s idiosyncratic theater was the main reference for Dickinson’s conception of drama and theatricality invites us to broaden our conception of lyricism. Although some recurrences of a more traditional approach to lyricism as an outpouring of intimate feelings appear at times – mostly tainted with a great deal of irony – lyricism will mainly be considered as the energy fueling life into the poem. The theater is for Emily Dickinson the spring of this lyrical energy, the transformative force and the crucial structure at the heart of her poetic writing
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Sansa, Anna. "L’écriture juridique et théâtrale de Carlo Goldoni, "Avocat Vénitien" : thèmes, rhétorique, style." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040067.
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La présente thèse de doctorat étudie les apports réciproques entre l’expérience juridique et l’expérience littéraire de Carlo Goldoni. En fait, avant de se consacrer entièrement à sa carrière de dramaturge, à l’âge de quarante et un an, l’auteur a exercé les métiers de greffier et d’avocat, après avoir suivi des études dans le domaine du droit. Cette recherche se compose de trois parties. Dans la première partie, on a restitué le contexte juridique et social dans lequel a œuvré le dramaturge : pour ce faire, on s’est attardé dans un premier temps sur le parcours juridique de Goldoni, étudiant d’abord et professionnel du droit après. Ensuite, on a traité de la singularité du système juridique vénitien, élément indispensable pour mesurer la compétence dont l’auteur fait preuve en la matière dans ses comédies. Dans la seconde partie, on a analysé les thèmes juridiques et sociaux formant une constante de l’œuvre de l’auteur. On a ainsi constaté une présence marquée du droit du commerce et des successions, ainsi que du mariage et des problèmes qui l’accompagnent. Dans chaque chapitre, on a étudié la question de droit concernée, en la replaçant dans le contexte juridique vénitien de l’époque et en mettant en évidence le lien direct existant avec les comédies choisies comme base de notre analyse. La troisième partie, enfin, est consacrée aux éléments de rhétorique judiciaire qu’on retrouve dans les répliques de certains personnages des comédies de l’auteur. Les deux chapitres, qui composent cette dernière section, proposent des exemples de représentants de la société civile, qui se servent de la loi pour revendiquer ou défendre leurs droits.L’hypothèse d’un engagement politique de Goldoni au moyen du droit, posée comme fondement de cette recherche, se trouve confirmée par l’utilisation que fait l’auteur de ses compétences dans le domaine juridique pour soumettre à ses contemporains des problèmes d’actualité, sur lesquels le dramaturge se prononce au moyen de sa création artistiqueThis graduation thesis examines the mutual contribution between the legal experience and the literary experience of Carlo Goldoni. Before devoting his entire career as a playwright, when he was 41 years old, the author worked as a clerk and lawyer, after having undertaken law studies. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, the legal and social environments in which the author worked were recreated and to that end, the focus was in the first instance on Goldoni’s legal career, first as a student and later as an expert of law. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis was made on the peculiarities of the Venetian legal system, essential element necessary in order to value the abilities that the author showed on the matter in his comedies. In the second part, we examined the legal and social themes that represented a permanent feature in the work of the author. Thus, an important presence of commercial and inheritance laws were found, as well as those of marriage and related problems. In each chapter, the related legal problem was examined, setting it back in the Venetian legal context of the time and by highlighting the direct existing link with the comedies chosen as a basis of our analysis. The third part is finally focused on the elements of judicial rhetoric that can be found in the lines of certain characters of the author’s comedies. The two chapters that make up this last section suggest examples of representatives from the civil society who make use of law in order to claim or defend their rights. The hypothesis of a political commitment by Goldoni by means of the use of law, laid down as a basis of this research, can be confirmed by the use the author’s use of his abilities in the legal field in order to submit to his Contemporaries current problems over which the playwright expresses himself by means of his artistic creation
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Martinetti, Brice. "Les négociants rochelais au XVIIIe siècle : formations, évolutions et révolutions d'une élite." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROF045.
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Au XVIIIe siècle, La Rochelle vit au rythme de son grand commerce colonial, né à la confluence du marché canadien, de la droiture avec les Antilles et de la traite négrière. Au sein de la ville atlantique, se démarque dès lors une élite tenant le haut du pavé : les négociants. Moteur de la croissance et de l’emploi, à la tête des plus grandes fortunes et propriétaires des plus beaux hôtels particuliers, ils forment un milieu socioprofessionnel ouvert et disposent d’un esprit de corps autour duquel se cristallisent une conscience et une culture partagées. Regroupés derrière leur chambre de commerce et valorisés par l’honorabilité de leur profession, les négociants réussissent sans mal à se positionner comme des figures incontournables de la société rochelaise, ayant une influence certaine sur la vie de la cité et pesant de tout leur poids face aux élites traditionnelles d’Ancien Régime.Les constats issus d’une pesée historiographique et bibliographique sont toutefois sans appel : si les travaux jusqu’ici menés sont majoritairement restés inféodés à l’étude des rouages de l’économie rochelaise, force est de constater que nous n’avons aucune vision d’ensemble du milieu négociant. Il y a là un vide scientifique certain qu’il est nécessaire de combler. En usant de protocoles et de questionnements plus mosaïques, cette thèse a pour ambition d’être la première étude socioculturelle vouée aux grands entrepreneurs du commerce rochelais. A l’appui de plus de dix mille documents d’époque mis en articulation, surgissent 738 négociants qui, au XVIIIe siècle, constituent l’âme et le cœur de La RochelleIn the 18th century, the pace of life in La Rochelle was dictated by the rhythm of its great colonial commerce, at the confluence of the canadian market, the direct route to the Caribbean and the slave trade. Within this atlantic town, an elite soon reached the top of the ladder : the merchants. Prime movers for economic growth and employment, owners of the greatest fortunes and most beautiful mansions, they formed an open socio-professional class with a group spirit centred on a common consciousness and shared culture. United behind their chamber of commerce and esteemed as a result of their honourable profession, the merchants easily established themselves as indispensable figures of Rochelais society, exerting a considerable influence on city life and bringing pressure to bear against the traditional elites of the Ancien Régime.However, any historiographical and bibliographical study of the subject reveals an inescapable fact : to date, the work undertaken has largely concentrated on the workings of the local economy, and there is no global overview of the merchant world. This scientific void needs to be filled. By using more varied methods and forms of inquiry, this thesis aims to be the first socio-cultural study of the great trading entrepreneurs of La Rochelle. Drawing on more than ten thousand documents from the time, 738 merchants stand out, who, in the eighteenth century, constituted the body and soul of La Rochelle
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Granger, Charline. "L'ennui du spectateur : thermique du théâtre : 1715-1789." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100034.
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« On était arrivé avec chaleur [au théâtre], on s’en retournait dans l’ivresse [...] Aujourd’hui, on arrive froids, on écoute froids, on sort froids ». Le diagnostic que fait Diderot en 1758 est clair : le théâtre ne suscite plus les passions du spectateur. Et il n’est pas le seul à le dire : nombreux sont ceux qui regrettent, en ce milieu de siècle, de n’être pas assez émus au théâtre. En envisageant la réception depuis ce qu’elle ne devrait pas être, depuis l’écart et l’anomalie, ce travail se propose de sonder, à partir de multiples discours, cette expérience a priori évanescente qu’est l’ennui du spectateur. Écrits de théoriciens et de dramaturges, critiques journalistiques et anecdotes dramatiques, textes d’acteurs ou portant sur l’acteur, pièces et prologues méta-théâtraux : les sources ne manquent pas qui considèrent cette suspension passagère de l’intérêt comme le signe du déclin du théâtre et du bon goût, voire comme la preuve de la décadence de la société française tout entière. Mobilisant des cadres conceptuels variés, s’appuyant sur des textes relatifs à la médecine, à la physiologie, à la physique et à la chimie, cette étude a pour objet de mettre en rapport l’ennui avec le vocabulaire critique du chaud et du froid afin de faire apparaître une « thermique » du théâtre, tentative de rationalisation de la réception à partir de modèles scientifiques successifs, la mécanique, la fermentation et l’électrification. Car si l’ennui est peu à peu élevé au rang de jugement autorisé, il devient corrélativement un problème esthétique et politique majeur pour les auteurs, théoriciens et critiques qui essayent tant bien que mal de l’expliquer, de manière à essayer de le réguler. Un problème qui se révélera, à la veille de la Révolution, insurmontable"On était arrivé avec chaleur [au théâtre], on s’en retournait dans l’ivresse [...] Aujourd’hui, on arrive froids, on écoute froids, on sort froids". Diderot's diagnosis in 1758 is clear: theatre no longer arouses the passions of the spectator. And he is not the only one to say so: many people regret, in this middle of the century, that they are not moved enough by the theatre. By considering reception from what it should not be, from the distance and the anomaly, this work proposes to probe, from multiple discourses, this a priori evanescent experience that is the boredom of the spectator. Writings by theorists and playwrights, journalistic criticism and dramatic anecdotes, texts by or about actors, plays and meta-theatrical prologues: there is no shortage of sources that consider this temporary suspension of interest as a sign of the decline of theatre and good taste, or even as proof of the decadence of French society as a whole. Mobilizing various conceptual frameworks, based on texts on medicine, physiology, physics and chemistry, this study aims to relate boredom with the critical vocabulary of hot and cold in order to reveal a "thermal" of the theatre, an attempt to rationalize reception based on successive scientific models, mechanics, fermentation and electrification. For if boredom is gradually elevated to the rank of authorized judgment, it becomes correlatively a major aesthetic and political problem for authors, theorists and critics who try as best they can to explain it, in order to try to regulate it. A problem that will prove, on the eve of the Revolution, to be insurmountable
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Costa, Christina Rostworowski da. "O príncipe Maximiliano de Wied-Neuwied e sua viagem ao Brasil (1815-1817)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-15042009-150645/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como enfoque o livro Viagem ao Brasil, escrito pelo Príncipe Maximiliano de Wied-Neuwied, bem como as imagens, gravuras e aquarelas produzidas pelo príncipe por conta da viagem. Entre 1815 e 1817, o príncipe percorreu os atuais estados do Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia. Esta viagem resultou no diário publicado na Alemanha em 1820 e em diversos outros países e línguas nos anos subseqüentes. O diário de Maximiliano poderia ter sido relegado, como tantos outros diários produzidos no século XIX sobre o exótico Novo Mundo, mas sua descrição minuciosa da história natural do país e o tratamento pitoresco conferido à população que hora serve para confirmar os estereótipos de Maximiliano, hora para justificar a originalidade de seus escritos chamam a atenção do leitor através da presença de Guack, índio Botocudo que dispensa as funções de acompanhante, tradutor e, sobretudo, interlocutor indispensável no contato de Maximiliano com o território desconhecido e inexplorado. Contudo, por meio do papel de Guack na narrativa pode-se perceber que o território percorrido por Maximiliano é tudo menos desconhecido ou inexplorado, e sua população certamente não é virgem ou intocada. A análise concentra-se na criação da denominação Botocudo, nas estratégias usadas pelos nativos em seu constante contato com os portugueses, os escravos oriundos da África e mesmo entre os diversos grupos indígenas, e quão pouco consciente Maximiliano parece ser no que diz respeito à realidade que o cerca, na produção do diário, pinturas e aquarelas a serem apreciados pelos europeus.This thesis focuses on the diary written by Prince Maximilian von Wied Neuwied, based on his journey in Brazil. Throughout the years of 1815 to 1817, the prince traveled across the current Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia. His two-year journey resulted in a diary, published in Germany in 1820 and in several other countries and languages during the following years. Even though it could have been yet another journal amidst the hundreds produced in the nineteenth century concerning the exotic New World, its thorough description of the countrys natural history and its picturesque approach to its population which at times are either brought about to confirm Maximilians stereotypes and previous readings on Brazil, and at other times, to justify the originality of his writings catches the readers eyes for the subtle presence of Guack, an Indian from the so-called Botocudo tribe who plays a crucial role in the journey both as Maximilians accompanier, translator, and above all, indispensable interlocutor in the acquaintance with what Maximilian refers to as this unknown, unexplored territory. Yet it is by means of Guacks role in the narrative that one is inevitably driven to see that the territory Maximilian visits is anything but unknown or unexplored, and its population is anything but virgin and untouched. The analysis focuses on the creation of the Botocudo label, which can be traced as early as the sixteenth century, the strategies used by the natives in their constant contact with the Portuguese, the African slaves and even amongst themselves, and how aloof Maximilian seems to be regarding the reality surrounding him while producing his diary, paintings and images for his European counterparts.
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Petrova, Maria. "A poética do romance gótico na coletânea Noites em uma granja perto de Dikanka de N.V. Gógol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8155/tde-26082016-131932/.
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Duas coletâneas das novelas Noites em uma granja perto de Dikanka, de Nikolai Gógol (1809-1852), publicadas entre 1831 e 1832 e chamadas pelos pesquisadores de ucranianas, formaram o primeiro livro que trouxe o então jovem escritor à fama na sociedade literária russa. A obra, além de apresentar ao público o ainda pouco conhecido material etnográfico, ganhou destaque por formar uma complexa síntese das várias camadas literárias e culturais, colocando Noites dentro do sistema de várias oposições (romantismo/realismo; cristianismo/paganismo; catolicismo/ortodoxia, russo/europeu), sujeito à discussão até nossos dias. Nesta dissertação, discute-se a possível conexão das obras de Nikolai Gógol, em especial as suas novelas ucranianas, com a poética do romance gótico inglês, gênero popular e difundido na Rússia no início do século XIX. Tal circunstância proporcionou o vasto uso e adaptação dos procedimentos típicos góticos pelos autores russos na época gogoliana. Para mostrar isso, são procurados e analisados os traços recorrentes do gênero em questão, que mostram a evolução e a transformação do gótico em um novo território e na poética de Gógol em particular. Compõe, ainda, o volume desta dissertação a tradução de duas novelas gogolianas A noite da véspera do dia de Ivan Kupala (Vêtcher nakanune Ivana Kupala) e Uma noite de maio, ou uma moça afogada (Máiskaia notch, ili utóplennitsa). O critério de seleção dos textos em questão foi a presença marcante dos traços da tradição gótica.Two collections of tales Evenings on a farm near Dikanka, by Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852), published between 1831 and 1832 and named by the researchers Ukrainian, formed the first book that brought a then young writer to fame in the Russian literary society. The work, aside from introducing to the public the yet little known ethnographic material, was highlighted for forming a complex synthesis of different cultural and literary layers, putting the Evenings into a system of various oppositions (romanticism/realism, Christianity/paganism, catholicism/orthodoxy, Russian/European), subject to a discussion until nowadays. This dissertation discusses a possible connection of Gogols works, especially his Ukrainian tales, with the poetics of English gothic romance, a popular and diffused genre in Russia in the beginning of the XIXth century. That circumstance conditioned the widespread use and adaptation of typical Gothic devices by the Russian authors during the gogolian era. To prove that, our work researches and analyses the recurrent traces of the genre in question, that show the evolution and transformation of Gothic in the new territory in general and in Gogols poetics in particular. This dissertation also presents the translation into Portuguese of two Gogols tales St. Johns Eve (Vecher nakanune Ivana Kupala) and May Night, or The Drowned Maiden (Mayskaya noch, ili Utoplennitsa). The selection criteria was the most outstanding presence of the Gothic traces in these texts.
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Bulard, Hélène. "Une ville frontière au XIXème siècle : l’exemple de Saint-Mihiel (département de la Meuse)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100103.
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A travers l’exemple de Saint-Mihiel, située dans le département de la Meuse, notre étude a pour objet de montrer comment le fait d’être une ville-frontière a, au XIXème siècle, façonné son évolution politique, économique, religieuse et culturelle. Ancienne capitale du Barrois non mouvant, puis chef-lieu de bailliage du duché de Lorraine, enclavée entre la France et Saint-Empire romain germanique, devenue française en 1766, elle connaît, de par son histoire, l’ouverture et la fragilité de sa situation géographique. Ouverte sur les idées, elle a fait de l’éducation son socle et porte une forte empreinte culturelle et religieuse. Ancienne « ville-couvent » jusqu’en 1790, toujours imprégnée par le catholicisme, elle favorise l’intégration d’une importante communauté juive et porte un intérêt constant à la franc-maçonnerie. Saint-Mihiel est aussi fragilisée par sa situation de « ville-frontière » qui la soumet aux passages de troupes et occupations. Entre 1792 et 1914, elle subit quatre occupations, celle de 1792, celle de 1814, celle de 1815 à 1818 et celle de 1870 à 1873, avant celle de 1914 à 1918. Ouverte et fragile, la société sammielloise est constamment à la recherche d’un équilibre. Favorable aux Révolutions de 1789, 1830 et 1848, républicaine, elle est aussi respectueuse de l’ordre et des lois et reste attachée au modérantisme qui caractérise les notables qui siègent au sein des institutions locales et départementales. Lorraine, devenue française à part entière avec la Révolution de 1789, la société sammielloise est, avant tout, une société patriote marquée par une présence militaire qui fait de Saint-Mihiel une ville de garnison. Son patriotisme et son modérantisme assure sa cohésion. Elle trouve son incarnation, à la fin du XIXème siècle, en Raymond Poincaré, qui a été député de sa circonscription de 1889 à 1903Through the example of Saint-Mihiel, located in the Department of Meuse (French administrative division), our study is designed to show how being a border-town in the 19th century has shaped its political, economic, religious and cultural evolution. Saint-Mihiel used to be the capital of “Barrois non-mouvant” (ie against the influence of the French Kingdom), then was a county-town of bailiwick of Lorraine Dukedom, enclosed between France and the Holy Roman Germanic Empire, and finally became French in 1766. Throughout its history, Saint-Mihiel is a witness of the opening and the fragility of its geographical situation. Education is its main concern such as religion and culture. Until 1790, Saint-Mihiel is a “convent-town”, still imbued with Catholicism; it promotes the integration of an important Jewish community and takes a constant interest in Freemasonry. Saint-Mihiel is also weakened by its “border-town” situation which submits it to the passages of troops and occupations. Between 1792 and 1914, it undergoes four occupations, in 1792, in 1814, from 1815 to 1818 and from 1870 to 1873, before the one from 1914 to 1918. Open and fragile, the Saint-Mihiel society is constantly seeking a balance. Favorably disposed towards the 1789, 1830, 1848 Revolutions, and as being republican, it is also respectful of laws and order and remains attached to the moderantism that characterizes the notables who sit on local and departmental institutions. Being a part of Lorraine, and totally French since the 1789 Revolution, the Saint-Mihiel society is, above all, a patriotic society marked by a military presence which turns Saint-Mihiel into a garrison town. Its patriotism and moderantism ensure its cohesion. In the end of the XIXth century, Saint-Mihiel is embodied by Raymond Poincaré who was deputy in his “circonscription” (French district) from 1889 to 1903
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Croguennec, Soizic. "Les sociétés minières du Centre-Nord de la Nouvelle-Espagne au XVIIIième siècle : construction et évolution d’un monde métis." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20131/document.
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Mon travail porte sur les sociétés minières du centre-nord de la Nouvelle-Espagne au XVIIIè siècle, notamment à Zacatecas, Fresnillo et Sombrerete. Dans ce cadre précis, je m'intéresse aux « plèbes urbaines », groupe hétérogène dans lequel se retrouvent les castas mais aussi la foule des Indiens ladinos et des Espagnols déclassés qui adoptent des comportements similaires ou qui s'accrochent désespérément à leur « hispanité ». Cette définition mène en premier lieu à l'analyse de la stratification sociale d'un point de vue socio-économique. Toutefois, le comportement de crispation des « petits-blancs » conduit à ne pas évacuer totalement la prégnance d'une stratification socio-raciale dans les mentalités et les représentations. Une telle approche induit non seulement un questionnement sur la constitution de la société coloniale mais introduit aussi la notion du discours sur autrui, autant de problèmes qu'il faut résoudre en confrontant la réalité coloniale, le vécu des « plèbes urbaines » et le discours dont elles font l'objet. C'est donc tout un jeu de va-et-vient entre ces pôles qui doit révéler une société infiniment complexe et mouvante dans laquelle stratifications concrète et mentale se combinent et produisent une véritable mosaïque socialeMy current doctoral research is about the mining societies in Northern and Central New Spain during the 18th century, and especially the region of Zacatecas, Fresnillo and Sombrerete. Within this particular context, I centred my study on the lower classes, a rather heterogeneous social group composed of castas, ladinos and poor Spaniards. This definition leads the reflection towards the analysis of the social stratification from a socio-economical perspective. However, the case of the poor Spaniards, their behaviour and the way they tend to reject the mestizos and other castas (as potential spouses for instance), stressing on their ties to the more powerful group of the Creoles in the process, indicates that the socio-racial component of the social stratification should not be ignored, at least as far as individual and collective mentalities are concerned. This point of view orientates a questioning about the formation of the colonial society and introduces the notion of the perception of one another as well. The confrontation between the colonial reality and the lower classes‟ perception can be a way of answering this interrogation. The result of this work is the depiction of an extremely complex and fluid society in which several levels of stratification (real / perceived) add up to produce a social mosaic
El tema de mi investigación doctoral actual trata de las sociedades mineras en el Centro Norte de la Nueva España a lo largo del siglo XVIII, más precisamente en la región de Zacatecas, Fresnillo y Sombrerete. En este contexto, el estudio sigue las “plebes urbanas”, un grupo social muy heterogéneo que integra a las castas pero también a los indios ladinos y a la muchedumbre de los criollos pobres, cuyos comportamientos son muy parecidos a los de las castas, o, al contrario, cuya esperanza es demostrar su legítima pertenencia al grupo superior de los Españoles. Este tipo de definición conduce naturalmente a analizar la cuestión de la estratificación social desde una perspectiva esencialmente socio-económica. Sin embargo, el fenómeno de crispación social que se puede observar entre los criollos pobres que rechazan a las castas (sobre todo al momento de eligir una pareja) conduce también a considerar la importancia de las consideraciones de natura socio-racial en las mentalidades y los discursos del siglo XVIII novohispano. Por estas razones, la problemática de mi trabajo es dual: no sólo se interesa a la formación y la evolución de la sociedad colonial pero no olvida los discursos y las percepciones. Por eso elegí un proceso de confrontación entre la realidad colonial reconstituida gracias a la documentación y los discursos elaborados por y sobre las plebes urbanas. Resulta de este esfuerzo la reconstitución de una sociedad sumamente compleja y fluida en la cual diferentes niveles (concreto / mental) de estratificación se añaden para producir una mosaica social
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Martínez, Alcázar Elena. "En el umbral de lo cotidiano: ritos de paso, atuendo y pertenencias en Murcia (1759-1808)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108042.
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Este estudio trata de los ritos, costumbres y gustos en las diferentes fases de la vida de los individuos de Murcia y Cartagena durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV y del tipo de posesiones a las que tuvieron acceso en lo relativo al vestido, el adorno y el modo de decorar y amueblar la salas de recibir de las viviendas. Artículos indispensables para abordar en qué medida impactaron las modas y usos extranjeros en una sociedad en que la apariencia y la sociabilidad se convirtieron en requisitos indispensables para exhibir lo que se quería demostrar ante los demás. Aspectos que ahondan en la cotidianeidad e identidad de los antiguos pobladores de dos ciudades pertenecientes al mismo Reino con semejanzas y diferencias entre sí en una etapa de cambios y permanencias, de modernidad y tradición.This study deals with the rituals, customs and tastes in the different phases of life of individuals from Murcia and Cartagena during the reigns of Carlos III and Carlos IV and with the kind of belongings which they had access to as regards clothing, adornment and how to decorate and refurnish the receiving rooms of the houses. Articles necessary to address the extent of the impact if foreign fashions and customs in a society where the appearance and sociability became prerequisites to show off what they wanted to demonstrate to others. Aspects that delve into the everyday and identity of the ancient inhabitants of two towns belonging to the same kingdom with similarities and differences among them in a time of change and permanence, of modernity and tradition.
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Silva, Marina Gris da. "O “indio historiador” da redução de São Luís : escrita e autoria a partir do relato de Crisanto Neranda (1754-1772)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170398.
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Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII.This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.
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Le, Bail Marine. "L'amour des livres la plume à la main : écrivains bibliophiles du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20099.
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Le second tiers du XIXe siècle correspond à un moment d’intenses mutations au sein du champ éditorial : avec l’entrée de l’imprimé dans l’ère de la production et de la consommation de masse, c’est le statut du livre lui-même qui se trouve remis en question. On assiste dès lors aux prémices d’une nouvelle forme de bibliophilie, qui se construit en tournant le dos aux normes de la librairie contemporaine pour privilégier, à l’inverse, des valeurs de singularité et de rareté. Or, un certain nombre d’auteurs, parmi lesquels Charles Nodier, Paul Lacroix, les frères Goncourt, Gérard de Nerval ou encore Octave Uzanne, s’adonnent eux-mêmes à la passion des livres anciens ou précieux, et en nourrissent plusieurs de leurs textes. Cette étude vise précisément à mettre en lumière les rapports étroits qui unissent tout au long du XIXe siècle pratiques bibliophiliques et création littéraire. Au croisement de l’histoire du livre, de l’analyse textuelle, et de l’histoire littéraire, la bibliophilie s’affirme comme un objet éminemment poétique, un répertoire complexe de motifs et de représentations liés au livre. Dans le même temps, elle se présente comme une pratique socio-culturelle singulière qui contribue à mettre au jour les tensions liées à l’irruption de la modernité industrielle dans la production et la transmission de l’impriméAround 1830, the publishing sector experiences numerous shifts : with the printing system submitting itself to new mass producing principles, the status of the book itself is at stake. From this moment on, we witness the beginnings of a new form of bibliophilism, which builds itself by turning its back on the contemporary publishing standards. Some writers, amongst whom Charles Nodier, Paul Lacroix, the Goncourt brothers, Gérad de Nerval, or Octave Uzanne, are dedicated to collecting rare or valuable books, and find in this passion an inspiration for their own work. This study aims at showing the strength of the links between bibliophilism and writing during all of the XIXtch century. At the intersection of several disciplines such as book history, stylistic analysis, or history of literature, bibliophilism appears as a strongly poetical object and as a complex compilation of themes and topics about books. At the same time, bibliophilism ca be defined as a singular socio-cultural habit, that allows us to perceive all the tensions arisen by the development of modern and industrial ways of producing and selling books
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Moulin, Aurélia. "Le bijou au XIXe siècle dans le périodique de mode : 1820-1870." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040104.
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La plupart des études portant sur le bijou au XIXe siècle privilégient l’aspect stylistique et formel. La question des usages est, quant à elle, le plus souvent éludée et les rares considérations d’ordre social ou sociétal, lorsqu’elles sont abordées, demeurent anecdotiques. Or, le bijou joue un rôle social déterminant, notamment dans l’expression de la fortune mais aussi dans le processus d’identification et d’appartenance à un groupe. À cet égard, les périodiques de mode constituent un support d’étude des plus précieux. Ils nous renseignent sur l’usage très codifié que les femmes appartenant à l’élite faisaient de leurs bijoux, et implicitement sur la place et le rôle qui étaient assignés à ces dernières dans la société du XIXe siècle. Le périodique de mode constitue par ailleurs une source très intéressante pour contextualiser la création du bijou, qui devient dès lors un miroir des événements. Le bijou apparaît comme le reflet d’influences diverses, à la fois du point de vue technique, du choix des matériaux employés, du style adopté, des formes ou encore par la symbolique des décors travaillés. Grâce aux descriptions de bijoux contenues dans les chroniques de mode ainsi qu’aux gravures qui les accompagnent, nous retracerons une histoire des formes en discriminant les grandes tendances récurrentes entre 1820 et 1870 avant d’aborder celles qui caractérisent une période en particulier. Nous exploiterons aussi les mentions publicitaires afin d’examiner les relations qu’entretiennent les différents acteurs participant à la fabrication et au commerce des bijoux avec les phénomènes de modeMost studies regarding 19th-century jewellery favour the study of its stylistic and formal aspects. As for its uses, they are most often eluded and the rare social and societal considerations, when they are tackled, remain anecdotal. Yet, jewellery plays a determining social role, especially in the expression of wealth but also in the process of identification and of belonging to a group. For this, fashion periodicals constitute a most precious support for study. They tell us about the very codified use women from the elite made of their jewellery, and implicitly of the place and role that was assigned to them in 19th century society. The fashion periodical is also a very interesting source to contextualise the jewel creation, which thus becomes a mirror of events. Jewellery appears as a reflection of various influences, all at once from the technical point of view, the choice of materials, the chosen style, the form or the symbolism of the worked designs. Through the descriptions of jewellery contained in fashion chronicles and engravings that accompany them, we shall retrace a history of forms by categorising the great trends recurring between 1820 and 1870 before dealing with those characterising one particular era. We shall also use advertisement notices in order to examine the relationships linking the different actors that participate in the making and marketing of jewellery with the fashion phenomena
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Speeckaert, Jean-Charles. "Construire une relation pacifiée. Les ministres de France à Bruxelles dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Pratiques et réseaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256988.
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Des relations entre la France et les Pays-Bas méridionaux, l’histoire a surtout gardé le souvenir des affrontements et de la soif de conquête. Le renversement des alliances de 1756 met fin à ce voisinage conflictuel. Cette alliance inédite amène Louis XV et Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche à pacifier leurs rapports. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner comment la mise en place et le maintien de cette paix se concrétisent entre la France et les Pays-Bas, qui dépendent de Vienne depuis le traité d’Utrecht (1713). Ce sont près de deux générations des populations de ces pays qui vivent une rare période de paix. La première partie du travail porte sur la signification diplomatique et politique de l’envoi de ministres à Bruxelles - au cœur d’un territoire qui n’est pas souverain. En analysant les formes de la représentation diplomatique et la mission de ces envoyés, c’est la question des provinces belgiques comme lieu et enjeu des relations internationales qui est posée. La seconde partie s’intéresse aux hommes et aux femmes au cœur de ces relations, aux ressources qu’ils mettent en œuvre, c’est-à-dire leurs pratiques et les réseaux qu’ils forment. Dans le contexte de relations transfrontalières, l’accent est mis sur l’intervention de personnes variées, parfois éloignées des cercles et des lieux de pouvoir.Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Pic, Claire. "Les dominicains de Toulouse au Brésil (1881-1952) : de la mission à l’apostolat intellectuel." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20025/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche a pour objet l’histoire de la mission entreprise par les religieux de la province dominicaine de Toulouse au Brésil, à la fin du XIXe siècle. Ces missionnaires partent s’installer dans le diocèse de Goiás, au centre du pays, en 1881. La mission se poursuit jusqu’en 1952, date à laquelle est érigée une province dominicaine brésilienne. Durant cette période, les dominicains mettent en place un vaste projet missionnaire et s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques transatlantiques qui voient l’installation de nombreuses congrégations européennes en Amérique latine et en particulier au Brésil. L’étude de cette mission à travers les correspondances missionnaires ouvre de nombreuses pistes de réflexion parmi lesquelles deux axes essentiels se détachent: d'un côté, le rôle d'agent des pouvoirs spirituels et temporels tenu par les missionnaires dominicains, de l'autre, les transformations de la mission au contact des réalités brésiliennes. Ces deux aspects s'articulent dans un contexte plus large, celui de la romanisation et de la naissance du catholicisme social, dynamiques fondamentales de l’Église catholique de la fin du XIXe siècle et de la première moitié du XXe siècle.L’analyse proposée ici se situe au niveau des acteurs, les missionnaires dominicains, tant dans l’étude de leurs actions missionnaires que de leurs représentations du Brésil. Ce sont les principaux auteurs de nos sources ; nous les définissons comme des passeurs et des récepteurs. Cette démarche permet d’analyser les échanges culturels générés par la mission et de mettre en évidence son évolution et ses transformationsThis work focus on the history of the mission undertaken by the monks of the Dominican Province of Toulouse in Brazil, at the end of the 19th century. These missionaries leave to settle down in the diocese of Goiás, in the center of the country, in 1881. The mission continues until 1952, date on which is set up a Brazilian Dominican province. During this period, the Dominicans set up a vast missionary project and integrate transatlantic dynamics which lead to the installation of many European congregations in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. The study of this mission through missionary correspondence opens many lines of thinking among which two essential axes are detached: the first aim is to analyse the role of agent of spiritual and temporal powers held by the Dominican missionaries, the second is to describe the transformations of the mission in contact with Brazilian realities. These two aspects are articulated in a broader context, that of the Romanization and the birth of social Catholicism, which constitute the fundamental dynamic of the Catholic Church at the end of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century.The proposed analysis here lies in the actors, the Dominican missionaries, both in the study of their missionary activities as representations of Brazil. These are the main authors of our sources; we define them as cultural brokers and receivers. This approach makes it possible to analyse the cultural exchanges generated by the mission and to put in evidence its evolution and its alterations
O escopo principal da pesquisa é analisar a história da missão religiosa da província dominicana de Toulouse no Brasil, de 1881 a 1952. Com o olhar centrado nos protagonistas dominicanos, busca-se analisar a atuação missionária, a construção de representações sobre o Brasil e intercâmbios culturais.Os missionários estabeleceram-se por mais de 70 anos entre os estados de Goiás, de Minas Gerais e do Pará, onde desenvolveram vasto projeto missionário, até 1952, quando então erigiram a província dominicana brasileira. Com base na correspondência trocada pelos missionários com a sede de Toulouse, a pesquisa enfatiza a transformação da missão quando confrontada com a realidade brasileira e a forma como os dominicanos assumiram a postura de agente de poder espiritual e temporal. Esses dois eixos se articulam no quadro de romanização da Igreja do Brasil e de desenvolvimento do catolicismo social. Ambas são dinâmicas fundamentais da Igreja católica de finais do século XIX até meados do século XX
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Baral, Simone. "Histoire des oeuvres sociales de l'Eglise Vaudoise." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3059/document.
Full textAbstract:
Même si composée par un nombre réduit de membres, à peu près 20.000 personnes, pendent le XIXe siècle l’Eglise vaudoise italienne a réussi à se doter d’une grande quantité d’œuvres sociales, grâce à un réseau de relations dense et vaste avec l’Internationale protestante, en Europe et dans l’Amérique du Nord. Hôpitaux, maisons de retraites, orphelinats, écoles professionnelles, colonies de vacances et diaconats ont été les principales réalisations de cet effort social. Suivant trois axes de recherche (les liens entre église et œuvres, les rapports entre l’action sociale ecclésiastique et celui de l’Etat, le problème du financement), le travail traverse environ un siècle d’histoire religieuse et de la sécurité sociale en Italie - entre la Restauration et la législation de Crispi -, en essayant d’expliquer les étapes qui ont permis à cette petite église réformé de se transformer, d’objet de l’assistance étrangère, à un des principaux sujets italiens de services sociauxDespite being composed of a limited number of members (about 20000), during the XIXth century the Italian Waldensian Church succeeded in developing a great amount of social works, thanks to a network of relations with the “Protestant International” in Europe and Northern America. This social effort resulted in the development of hospitals, retirement houses, orphanages, professional schools, summer schools and monetary assistance to the poor. This thesis explores a century of Italian social and religious history – from the Restauration to the birth of national legislation on welfare in the Crispinian period – a long three axes of research (the link between church and social works, the relationship between the ecclesiastic and national social intervention, the issue of funding). Its main aim is to identify the steps that allowed this little reformed church to undergo such a significant transformation: from being the recipient of foreign assistance to being one of the key agents in Italian social assistance
Anche se composta da un numero esiguo di membri, circa 20.000 persone, durante l’Ottocento la Chiesa valdese italiana è riuscita a dotarsi di una grande quantità di opere sociali, grazie a una fitta e ampia rete di relazioni con l’Internazionale protestante, in Europa e Nord America. Ospedali, ospizi, orfanotrofi, scuole professionali, colonie estive e borse dei poveri furono i principali risultati di questo sforzo sociale. Attraverso tre assi di ricerca (il legame tra chiesa e opere, i rapporti tra l’azione sociale ecclesiastica e quella statale, il problema del suo finanziamento), il lavoro percorre circa un secolo di storia religiosa e assistenziale in Italia - dalla Restaurazione alla nascita di una legislazione statale in materia assistenziale in epoca crispina –, cercando di mostrare le tappe che hanno permesso a questa piccola chiesa riformata di trasformarsi, da oggetto dell’assistenza straniera, a una delle principali soggetti italiani di servizi sociali