Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'XVF'

Cette thèse traite des problèmes des concentrations de contraintes locales, en particularité des effets des bords libres dans des structures stratifiés. À l'interface entre deux couches avec des propriétés élastiques différentes, les contraintes ont un comportement singulier dans le voisinage du bord libre en supposant un comportement de matériau élastique linéaire. Par conséquent, ils sont essentiels pour promouvoir le délaminage. Via Formulation unifiée de la Carrera (CUF) différents modèles cinématiques sont testés dans le but de capter les concentrations de contraintes. Dans la première partie de ce travail, les approches de modélisation dimensionnelle réduits sont comparées. Deux classe principale sont présentés: la couche équivalent (ESL) et l'approche par couche, LW. Par la suite leurs capacités à capter les singularités sont comparées. En utilisant une fonction a priori singulière, via une expression exponentielle, une mesure des contraintes singulières est introduite. Seulement deux paramètres décrivent pleinement les composantes des contraintes singulières au voisinage du bord libre. Sur la base des paramètres obtenus les modèles sont comparés et aussi les effets sous des charges d'extension et de flexion et pour différents stratifiés. Les résultats montrent une nécessité des modèles complexes dans le voisinage du bord libre. Cependant loin des bords libres, dans le centre de plaques composite, aucune différence significative ne peut être noté pour les modèles plutôt simples. La deuxième partie de ce travail est donc dédiée au couplage de modèles cinématique incompatibles. Modèles complexes et coûteux sont utilisés seulement dans des domaines locaux d'intérêt, tandis que les modèles économiques simples seront modéliser le domaine global. La eXtended Variational Formulation (XVF) est utilisé pour coupler les modèles de dimensionnalité homogènes mais de cinématique hétérogènes. Ici pas de recouvrement de domaine est présent. En outre, le XVF offre la possibilité d'adapter les conditions imposées à l'interface en utilisant un paramètre scalaire unique. On montre que, pour le problème de dimensionnalité homogène, que deux conditions différentes peuvent être imposées par ce paramètre. Un correspondant à des conditions fortes des Multi Point Constraints (MPC) et un second fournir des conditions faibles. La dernière offre la possibilité de réduire extrêmement le domaine qui utilise le modèle cinématique complexe, sans perte de précision locale. Comme il s'agit de la première application de la XVF vers les structures composites, le besoin d'un nouvel opérateur de couplage a été identifié. Un nouveau formulaire est proposé, testé et sa robustesse sera évaluée
This work considers local stress concentrations, especially the free-Edge effects of multilayered structures. At the interface of two adjacent layers with different elastic properties, the stresses can become singular in the intermediate vicinity of the free edge. This is valid while assuming a linear elastic material behaviour. As a consequence this zones are an essential delamination trigger. Via the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), different kinematical models are testes in order to obtain the correct local stress concentration. In the first part of this work, the reduced dimensional modelling approaches are compared. Two main class are presented: Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) models treating the layered structure like one homogenous plate of equal mechanical proper- ties, and the Layer Wise approach, treating each layer independently. Subsequently their capabilities to capture the appearing singularities are compared. In order to have a comparable measurement of those singularities, the obtained stress distributions will be expressed via a power law function, which has a priori a singular behaviour. Only two parameters fully describe therefore the singular stress components in the vicinity of the free edge. With the help of these two parameters not only the different models capabilities will be compared, but also the free edge effect itself will be measured and compared for different symmetrical laminates and the case of extensional and uniform bending load. The results for all laminates under both load cases confirm the before stated need for rather complex models in the vicinity of the free edge. However far from the free edges, in the composite plates centre, no significant difference can be noted for rather simple models. The second part of this work is therefore dedicated to the coupling of kinematically incompatible models. The use of costly expensive complex models is restricted to local domains of interest, while economic simple models will model the global do- main. The Extended Variational Formulation (XVF) is identified as the most suitable way to couple the kinematically heterogenous but dimensional homogenous models. As it uses a configuration with one common interface without domain overlap, the additional efforts for establishing the coupling are limited. Further the XVF offers the possibility to adapt the conditions imposed at the interface using a single scalar parameter. It will be shown that for the homogenous dimensional problem under consideration only two different conditions can be imposed by this parameter. One matching the strong conditions imposed by the classical Multi Point Constrains (MPC) and a second one providing a weak condition. The last one is shown to provide the possibility to reduce further the domain using the complex kinematical model, without the loss of local precision. As this is the first application of the XVF towards composite structures, the need for a new coupling operator was identified. A new form is proposed, tested and its robustness will be evaluated

The sequence similarity between XV7 and the mammalian syntaxin-like protein kinase receptor shows that XV7 may function similar to that of animal protein kinases. The syntaxin-like protein kinase receptor was recently entered into the Genbank (Thoreau, unpublished), therefore not much is known about its characteristics. It does show similarity to a myotonin protein kinase, MtPK (Thoreau, unpublished). The plant receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are structurally related to the polypeptide growth factor receptors of animals (Walker, 1994). Although several ABA and stressresponsive gene have been characterised, their physiological role in the initial perception and transduction of stress signals is not well defined Recent reports suggest that characterising phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation responses and investigation of stress-responsive protein kinases may contribute towards identifying the pivotal regulatory steps in plant responses to environmental stress.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia.
La historia en América Latina siempre ha sido excluyente. Ha sido más bien urbana y republicana, dejando de lado vastos segmentos de la sociedad. La idea de este trabajo es comprender el espacio y mundo llamado cultura andina, tratar de entender sus sistemas, sus estructuras y categorías mentales, así como sus lógicas.

Santrauka Šiame darbe tyrinėjama Vilniaus ir Žemaičių vyskupijų parapinė dvasininkija laikotarpye nuo šalies krikšto (Vilniaus vyskupijoje 1387 m., Žemaičių vyskupijoje1417 m.) iki 1577 m., kai Tridento bažnytinio susirinkimo (1545-1563) nuostatai buvo paskelbti Gniezno bažnytinėje provincijoje, kuriai priklausė šios dvi vyskupijos. Parapinė dvasininkija čia aptariama, kaip nedidelė, bet krašto kristianizacijai itin svarbi socialinė grupė. Darbe nagrinėjami instituciniai saitai sieję parapinę dvasininkiją su pasauliečiai, kurie reiškėsi per koliacijos teisės realizavimą; parapinės dvasininkijos vieta Bažnyčios organizacinėje struktūroje bei jų instituciniai ir asmeniniai ryšiai su kitais dvasininkais; parapinės dvasininkijos charakteristikos, galėjusios įtakoti jų socializaciją vietos bendruomenėje. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kad parapinė dvasininkija buvo nevienalytė. Instituciškai ji skaidėsi į beneficijas turėjusius ir jų neturėjusius dvasininkus. Pirmąjai grupei priklausė klebonai ir altaristos, antrajai klebonų samdyti vikrai, klierikai ir kiti bažnyčios tarnai. Beneficiniai dvasininkai buvo labiau integruoti į Bažnyčios struktūrą, nes buvo tiesiogiai subordinuoti vietos ordinarui, jie buvo socialiai aktyvesni, nes kur kas dažniau sutinkami rašytiniuose šaltiniuose, nei beneficijų neturėję jų kolegos. Savo ruožtu klebonų ir altaristų tarpe aiškiai išsiskyrė grupė dvaisninkų grupė, kuriai parapinė beneficija tebuvo papildomas pajamų šaltinis. Tai aukštieji dvasininkai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The subject of master thesis “The parish clergy of Vilnius and Samogitia dioceses in 15 – 16 c. 3 quarter“ is the parish clergy of Vilnius and Samogitian Diocese from Christianization of country (Vilnius Diocese – 1387, Samogitian Diocese – 1417) to 1577, when in Gniezno archdiocese, to what belonged dioceses of Vilnius and Samogitia, was promulgated the canons and decrees of the Council of the Catholic Church of Trent (1545-1563). Parish priesthood there are treated as the small, but very important for Christianization of country social group, because in big part on them depended success of an adopting Christian culture and values in peripheral regions. The aim of research is to find characteristics of parish priesthood, which related them to local society and these, which separated. Thesis deals with such questions as: parish clergy’s institutional ties with laity, based on right of patronage (ius patronatus); a place of parish priesthood in Church Organizational Structure, their institutional and personal relations with other priests; the problems of a socialization of parish clergy in the local community. The investigation makes clear what parish priesthood was small but quit heterogeneous social group. On an institutional criterion was based the distinction to benefice clergy (parsons, altarists) and not benefice clergy (vicars, clergyman). The benefice clergy was better integrated to Church Structure because of direct subordination to a bishop. To them can be attributed... [to full text]

Desde que los conquistadores españoles iniciaron su asentamiento en las tierras recién descubiertas, comenzaron a introducir diversas instituciones de origen peninsular, con la finalidad de organizar y regular la nueva sociedad que se conformó tras la coexistencia entre los habitantes nativos y los recién llegados. El Cabildo, la Real Audiencia y el Tribunal del Santo Oficio fueron algunas de las instituciones que se importaron a lo largo del siglo XVI hacia el Nuevo Mundo, pero la existencia de estas se remontaba a algunos siglos antes. Asimismo se crearon otras instituciones a partir de la nueva realidad americana, como fueron los corregimientos y las reducciones de indios. Estas instituciones respondían a las diversas necesidades de la sociedad hispanoamericana, y sus funciones diferían de modo que se complementaban y a veces se superponían unas y otras. Al estudiar el funcionamiento de estas distintas instituciones y el entramado de las relaciones interpersonales al interior de ellas, también podemos apreciar el desenvolvimiento de la sociedad que las albergaba.
Tesis

Disertacijoje siekta ištirti XV–XVI a. trečio ketvirčio Vilniaus ir Žemaičių vyskupijų parapinę dvasininkiją, kaip specifinę socialinę grupę. Pasitelkus beveik visus prieinamus šaltinius ir apibendrinus daugelį pavienių žinučių ieškota atsakymų į tokius klausimus kaip, ar buvo vietinės kilmės dvasininkų; kokių socialinių sluoksnių atstovai pasirinkdavo dvasininko luomą; kiek jie efektyviai atliko sielovadinį darbą – ar rezidavo, ar turėjo šventimus; kiek paisė celibato ir kitų dvasininkų gyvenimo būdui keltų reikalavimų. Taip pat siekta ištirti parapinės dvasininkijos ryšius su hierarchiškai aukštesniais dvasininkais bei kitus veiksnius, formavusius bendrą luominę savimonę. Tyrimas leido pakoreguoti kai kuriuos lig šiol istoriografijoje kartotus stereotipus, o kai kurias istorikų įžvalgas patvirtino šaltinių duomenimis. Vilniaus ir Žemaičių vyskupijų diecezinė dvasininkija jau XV a. buvo integrali visuotinės Bažnyčios dalis. Daugelis išskirtų svarbiausių tendencijų buvo būdingos visai ikitridentinei katalikų dvasininkijai: nenuoseklus pasirengimas kunigystei, tiek dvasininkų, tiek pasauliečių atsainus požiūris į kunigišką discipliną, rezidavimo problema, atskirtis tarp aukštųjų dvasininkų laikiusių parapijas ir paprastų klebonų. Kita vertus, vėlyvas šalies krikštas bei krašto socialinės sanklodos ypatybes teikė Vilniaus ir Žemaičių vyskupijų parapinei dvasininkijai savito kolorito: dvasininkų skaičius čia buvo mažesnis; menkesnė buvo ir parapijose veikusios dvasininkijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The thesis aims to research and produce the group portrait of parish clergy of Vilnius and Samogitia dioceses in the 15th – 3rd quarter of the 16th century. The analysis of almost all known sources and even occasional references provides possibility to reveal whether there were priests of local descent; representatives of which social strata opted for ecclesiastical career; how many of them performed the function of pastoral care effectively – resided in the area and were ordained; how many of them observed celibacy and other requirements for priesthood. The study also aims at establishing the degree of cohesion between parish clergy and hierarchically superior clergymen as well as other factors influential of the formation of common social identity. Already in the 15th century the diocesan clergy in the dioceses of Vilnius and Samogitia was an integral part of the universal Church. Main characteristics of examined parish clergy were common to all pre-Trent clergy in Europe: an absence of appropriate training; a lack of attitude to the requirements for priesthood of both clergyman and civics, an issue of residence, differences between high clergy and usual parsons. The late baptism and the social structure of the GDL were influential to some specific features of parish clergy in dioceses of Vilnius and Samogitia: a number of clergy in parishes was low; a diversity of parish clergy was also rather low; clergymen were representatives of the nobility; priests of Polish origin... [to full text]

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
O presente trabalho aborda a contextualização socioeconómica que envolveu a mudança no pensamento na transição da Idade Média profunda para o Renascimento e os descobrimentos, que permitiu o desenvolvimento de um novo olhar sobre o mundo e a sua influência na evolução do saber médico. Neste quadro são apresentados e analisada a obra dos principais nomes de médicos e boticários portugueses -Tomé Pires, Garcia de Orta, Cristóvão da Costa e Amato Lusitano -, autores que tiveram enorme influência na evolução do saber médico-farmacêutico ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI; isto para além das repercussões da respetiva obra nos séculos seguintes. Estes autores são apresentados como exemplos notórios da importância da rutura estabelecida entre o saber tradicional e o desenvolvimento da nova forma de conhecimento ao utilizarem o método de observação e experimental na elaboração das suas obras. This paper addresses the socio-economic context that involved the shift in thinking in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and profound discoveries that allowed the development of a new look at the world and its influence on the evolution of medical knowledge. In this table are presented and analyzed the work of the leading names of physicians and apothecaries-Portuguese Tomé Pires, Garcia de Orta, Christopher Costa and Amato Lusitano, - authors who had enormous influence on the evolution of medical-pharmaceutical in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the great impact of the his work in the following centuries. These authors are presented as notorious examples of the importance of rupture established between traditional knowledge and the development of a new form of knowledge to use the method of observation and experiment in the preparation of their works.

This doctoral thesis is responsible for making a critical edition of two Spanish manuscripts, namely: the codex escurialense J.I.6 and the testimony BNE 17638, which we keep of the historiographical work of the French author Philippe de Commynes (1477-1511), known as the Mémoires. Although, not only it is dedicated to present a critical edition of the first part of this great work, but also it aims to carry out a social, cultural, historical, political and, of course, philological and ecdotic study of the mentioned text. Therefore, the thesis is divided into two volumes: on the one hand, an introductory study on a series of historical, political, social and cultural issues concerning to translations, and, on the other hand, the critical edition of two of the Spanish translations of the work of the historian.
Esta tesis doctoral se ocupa de realizar una edición crítica de dos manuscritos castellanos, a saber: el códice escurialense J.I.6 y el testimonio BNE 17638, que conservamos de la obra historiográfica del autor francés Philippe de Commynes (1477-1511), conocida como las Mémoires. Si bien, no solo se dedica a presentar una edición crítica de la primera parte de esta gran obra, sino que también pretende realizar un estudio social, cultural, histórico, político y, como no, filológico y ecdótico, de dicho texto. Por ello la tesis se divide en dos volúmenes: por una parte, un estudio introductorio sobre una serie de cuestiones históricas, políticas, sociales y culturales que atañen a las traducciones, y, por otra parte, la edición crítica de dos de las traducciones castellanas de la obra del historiador.
Aquesta tesi doctoral s’ocupa de realitzar una edició crítica de dos manuscrits castellans, a saber: el còdex escurialense J.I.6 i el testimoni BNE 17638, que conservem de la obra historiogràfica de l’autor francès Philippe de Commynes (1477-1511), coneguda com les Mémoires. Si bé, no només es dedica a presentar una edició crítica de la primera part d’aquesta gran obra, sinó que també pretén realitzar un estudi social, cultural, històric i polític i, com no, filològic i ecdòtic, del mencionat text. Per això la tesi es divideix en dos volums: per una banda, un estudi introductori sobre una sèrie de qüestions històriques, polítiques, socials i culturals que fan referència a les traduccions, i, d’altra banda, l’edició crítica de dues traduccions castellanes de la obra de l'historiador.

Through both an archaeological and historical approach, we present a study of the indigenous sociopolitical formations of the Tarapacá region for the 15th and 16th centuries. Information is systematized from early documentary sources related to the permanent and seasonal populations residing along the Pacific coast between the Loa and Camarones rivers, an area bordered by the chiefdoms of Tacna and the Inca provinces of Atacama, Caranga, and Quillaca. Our qualitative analysis of regional and local historical and archaeological sources from the beginnings of the Spanish colonial period (1535-1571), suggest that regional geopolitical organization was characterized by the fragmentary dynamics among the Tarapacan populations and the provincial Inca apparatus. The available data suggest that at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Tarapacá region, the establishment of a cultural hierarchy and local and regional political affiliation were linked to the operation of an Inca provincial jurisdiction (or wamani).
Se presenta un estudio de las formas sociopolíticas indígenas de Tarapacá mediante un enfoque histórico y arqueológico para el siglo XV y XVI. Se sistematiza la información correspondiente a los habitantes que residían en forma permanente o estacional entre la franja litoral del océano Pacífico, entre el río Loa y Camarones, un extenso territorio colindante con los cacicazgos de Tacna al norte y las provincias incaicas de Atacama al sur, Caranga y Quillacas, al este. El análisis cualitativo de la información local y regional permite avanzar en la lectura de los datos arqueológicos y documentales, sugiriendo que durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI se habría desplegado una organización geopolítica caracterizada por la dinámica segmentaria de las poblaciones tarapaqueñas y el aparato provincial cuzqueño. Este trabajo propone que los españoles, al momento de la invasión, pudieron observar en esta región el funcionamiento de las jurisdicciones incaicas o wamani, a partir de lo cual se deberían analizar las posteriores transformaciones coloniales ocurridas dentro del virreinato peruano.

questo lavoro è l'approfondimento dell'iconografia del diavolo nella pittura tra medioevo e rinascimento, nella quale si ha una metamorfosi dell'immagine diabolica dal mostro dell'antichità classica alla sua più totale umanizzazione.

This dissertation aims to show the role of Venice in the development of a food culture during the XV-XVI centuries. The food culture reflects cultures in the larger society. Eating food is a response to natural human needs but the way we prepare food is largely influenced by the culture around us. Men do not consume food simply to cure hunger. Men taste and experience dishes that are prepared through a set of culinary techniques and these techniques are largely influenced by the cultural context of a society. Moreover, food culture is transmitted from one generation to another without much interruption. Thus, food culture is important for a historical research. The Venetian Lagoon was not created by only natural forces. As soon as Venetians realized its value as a source of their daily life, the lagoon became subject to constant human alterations. Given its long history, Venice and its lagoon was not developed over night but through slow, patient and constant efforts by men to survive. Venice is the outcome of complex cultural activities of human, who even tried to tame the geophysical reality. In this context, the Venetian Republic had to come up with a set of polices to protect the lagoon from the human exploitation of the resources of the lagoon. The lagoon was an integral part of Venice. Geographically, the Venetian lagoon hosts a number of rivers and small islands and it implies the lagoon is rich in food resources. The lagoon provides an ideal place to maintain human livelihood through fishing, hunting, farming and producing salt. The abundant and well-managed resources worked as the basis for the development of the cuisine in Venice.
L’obiettivo della tesi è illustrare il ruolo di Venezia nello sviluppo di una cultura dell'alimentazione durante i secoli XV-XVI. La cucina è il processo ricostruttivo degli ingredienti naturali attraverso tecniche culinarie. La cucina o la vita dell’alimentazione riflette le funzioni della cultura. La vita dell’alimentazione umana e la risposta ai bisogni naturali o istintuali attraverso un complesso sistema di mediazioni culturali. Da ciò si puo dedurre che la vita dell’alimentazione ha valore come uno dei campi della ricerca storica. La laguna veneziana non è solo l’ambiente dell’interazione di forze naturali. Fin dal momento in cui gli uomini iniziarono a comprendere il valore della laguna come fonte per la loro vita quotidiana, la laguna fu soggetta a costante alterazione. La laguna sin da allora si formò e si modificò. Considerate in un lungo spazio temporale Venezia e la sua laguna appaiono non come il miracolo di una fase storica ma come il risultato di una lenta e paziente costruzione da parte degli uomini per sopravvivere. Venezia e il risultato complesso dell’azione culturale umana capace di addomesticare persino la realta geofisica. In questo senso la politica ambientale della Repubblica veneta nell’ambito lagunare doveva rispondere ad una richiesta: l’ambiente come feconda risorsa economica e quotidiana. È questa la vera importanza della laguna. Dal punto di vista della geografia, la laguna veneziana è non solo un angolo del mare ma anche un collettore di fiumi e uno spazio costellato di numerose piccole isole. La laguna rappresenta l’ideale coesistenza delle tipiche attivita umane il cui obiettivo è la propria sussistenza: la pesca, la caccia, l’agricoltura, a cui si deve aggiungere la produzione del condimento essenziale, cioe, il sale. Esisteva quindi una convivenza della rete e della vegetazione, tra l’acqua e il suolo, nel efficace sfruttamento dell’ambiente, per soddisfare le esigenze alimentari di una delle più grandi citta dell’epoca. Per quanto riguarda la vita dell’alimentazione di Venezia, quest’abbondanza delle risorse è la base dello sviluppo futuro della vita dell’alimentazione veneziana.

Il lavoro si propone di dare l’edizione critica e commentata di un breve canzoniere milanese anonimo (quarantanove componimenti). La tesi è strutturata in tre parti: nella prima si ricostruisce la tradizione del testo, tramandato interamente da un solo testimone manoscritto attualmente in collezione privata, e parzialmente dal ms. Basevi 2441 della Biblioteca del Conservatorio “Luigi Cherubini” di Firenze. In questa parte si propone inoltre una datazione del canzoniere (l’ultimo decennio del XV secolo), si attribuisce la scrittura al copista Giovanni Battista Lorenzi e l’unica miniatura presente all’artista noto come “Maestro B. F.”, coppia spesso attiva a Milano tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento nella realizzazione di manoscritti di lusso. La seconda parte si concentra sull’opera, di cui indaga la struttura, i temi, lo stile e la metrica. Il canzoniere viene inoltre contestualizzato nel panorama della lirica cortigiana settentrionale del secondo Quattrocento. La terza parte è costituita dall’edizione critica e commentata, preceduta da una nota linguistica. Ogni lirica è accompagnata da un cappello introduttivo e dal commento ai versi, in cui, attraverso il reperimento di modelli e luoghi paralleli, si mette in luce lo stretto rapporto dell’autore con i poeti cortigiani contemporanei.
The work aims to provide a critical and commented edition of a short anonymous Milanese collection of poems (fourty-nine compositions). The thesis is structured in three parts: the first retraces the tradition of the text, handed down entirely from a single manuscript currently in a private collection, and partially from Florence, Biblioteca del Conservatorio, ms. Basevi 2441. In this part it is also proposed that this work was composed in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the scribe was Giovanni Battista Lorenzi and an artist known as “Maestro B. F.” was the miniaturist. They were active in Milan between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and worked in pair in producting luxury manuscripts. The second section focuses on the “canzoniere” and investigates the structure, themes, style, and metric. I try to contextualize this collection in the northern courtly poetry of the second half of the fifteenth century. The third part offers the critical edition, preceded by a linguistic note. Each poem has an introduction and a commentary, that discussing models, sources and loci paralleli, shows the author's close relationship with contemporary courtly poets.

Il lavoro si propone di dare l’edizione critica e commentata di un breve canzoniere milanese anonimo (quarantanove componimenti). La tesi è strutturata in tre parti: nella prima si ricostruisce la tradizione del testo, tramandato interamente da un solo testimone manoscritto attualmente in collezione privata, e parzialmente dal ms. Basevi 2441 della Biblioteca del Conservatorio “Luigi Cherubini” di Firenze. In questa parte si propone inoltre una datazione del canzoniere (l’ultimo decennio del XV secolo), si attribuisce la scrittura al copista Giovanni Battista Lorenzi e l’unica miniatura presente all’artista noto come “Maestro B. F.”, coppia spesso attiva a Milano tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento nella realizzazione di manoscritti di lusso. La seconda parte si concentra sull’opera, di cui indaga la struttura, i temi, lo stile e la metrica. Il canzoniere viene inoltre contestualizzato nel panorama della lirica cortigiana settentrionale del secondo Quattrocento. La terza parte è costituita dall’edizione critica e commentata, preceduta da una nota linguistica. Ogni lirica è accompagnata da un cappello introduttivo e dal commento ai versi, in cui, attraverso il reperimento di modelli e luoghi paralleli, si mette in luce lo stretto rapporto dell’autore con i poeti cortigiani contemporanei.
The work aims to provide a critical and commented edition of a short anonymous Milanese collection of poems (fourty-nine compositions). The thesis is structured in three parts: the first retraces the tradition of the text, handed down entirely from a single manuscript currently in a private collection, and partially from Florence, Biblioteca del Conservatorio, ms. Basevi 2441. In this part it is also proposed that this work was composed in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the scribe was Giovanni Battista Lorenzi and an artist known as “Maestro B. F.” was the miniaturist. They were active in Milan between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and worked in pair in producting luxury manuscripts. The second section focuses on the “canzoniere” and investigates the structure, themes, style, and metric. I try to contextualize this collection in the northern courtly poetry of the second half of the fifteenth century. The third part offers the critical edition, preceded by a linguistic note. Each poem has an introduction and a commentary, that discussing models, sources and loci paralleli, shows the author's close relationship with contemporary courtly poets.

La present recerca té com a objectiu l'estudi de la cacera de bruixes desenvolupada a Catalunya, des dels seus orígens a finals de l'època medieval fins a la seva articulació durant els primers temps moderns. La investigació aporta, en primer lloc, un volum considerable de documentació judicial inèdita dels segles XV i XVI, la qual constitueix la base imprescindible per a una aproximació global a aquest fenomen històric. A partir d'aquest material i de les fonts ja conegudes, l'anàlisi s'ha estructurat sobre tres eixos principals. Primerament, s'aborden els elements que donaren lloc a l'estereotip de la bruixa durant l'època baix-medieval. Seguidament, s'estudien les primeres caceres desenvolupades a Catalunya durant les primeres dècades del segle XV, tot comparant-les amb els esments coetanis a nivell europeu. Finalment, s'analitza en detall la documentació judicial inèdita per mirar d'entendre l'articulació de la cacera de bruixes a Catalunya durant els segles XV i XVI. La present investigació ha donat com a resultat la creació del primer corpus documental sobre els primers dos-cents anys de cacera de bruixes a Catalunya, evidenciant la riquesa documental del Principat per a l'estudi d'aquest fenomen. Així mateix, el treball ha permès arribar a una sèrie de conclusions sobre l'origen i articulació d'aquest fenomen a Catalunya en època medieval i moderna. En primer lloc, destaca la importància dels canvis operats a finals de l'època baix-medieval en referència a la teologia i a les noves reflexions demonològiques, la influència de l'acció inquisitorial contra el maleficium i la seva influència en les cúries laiques, o el discurs anti-supersticiós desplegat per la predicació baix-medieval. En segon lloc, la present recerca ha servit per constatar la precocitat, intensitat i duresa de la persecució de bruixes a Catalunya, un fet que remarca la seva singularitat en el context dels regnes hispànics. Aquesta situació aniria lligada a la pròpia situació político-jurídica del Principat, amb una forta autonomia de les autoritats locals i una manca de control per part d'institucions de justícia centralitzades, ja fos el Sant Ofici o la pròpia justícia reial. Catalunya seguiria així el model descrit per autors com Brian P. Levack, segons el qual aquells territoris amb un poder central fort i un sistema judicial centralitzat, haurien registrat una intensitat molt baixa de persecucions, amb una absència gairebé total de sentències a mort. Un model perfectament vàlid per al centralitzat i gairebé lliure de bruixes regne de Castella, i també, però just a l'inrevés, per al jurisdiccionalment fragmentat i ple de forques Principat de Catalunya. Finalment, l'última de les conclusions derivades d'aquesta investigació fa referència a la importància del marc local en l'articulació de la cacera, amb un protagonisme destacat d'unes autoritats locals sovint esperonades per la pròpia població. Aquesta constatació ens allunya de concepcions historiogràfiques que vinculaven tradicionalment la cacera de bruixes als mecanismes d'Estat o a l'impuls de l'Església post-tridentina, enfrontats a una suposada cultura popular. En canvi, en el cas català, la persecució seria majoritàriament instigada per la pròpia població en un context de desgràcies com ara epidèmies, maltempsades i morts d'infants o bestiar. Una persecució judicial, doncs, que aniria de baix a dalt, iniciada en les pròpies comunitats a partir d'acusacions de malefici o emmetzinament i desenvolupada en el marc de les cúries locals, amb una subversió evident de l'ordre del dret, un ús habitual del turment i una gran predisposició a emetre sentències de mort.
This research focuses on the Catalan witch-hunt, from its origins during the Late Middle Ages until its development during the Early Modern period. The research provides, in the first place, a considerable amount of unpublished witchcraft trials form the XVth and XVIth centuries, which becomes the basic ground for a global approach to this historical phenomenon. Through this material, together with the sources already known, we have structured the analysis around three main axes. First, we address the elements that formed the witch stereotype during the Late Middle Ages. Next, we study the firsts witch-hunts developed in Catalonia during the first decades of the fifteenth century, by also comparing them with other contemporary European sources. Finally, we analyze in detail the unpublished trials in the aim of understanding the articulation of the witch-hunts in Catalonia during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The results of this work include the creation of a first documentary corpus for the first two-hundred years of witch-hunts in Catalonia, thus revealing the abundance of sources in the Principality for the study of this phenomenon. Also, the work provides some conclusions about the origins and the development of this phenomenon in medieval and modern Catalonia. First, we emphasize the importance of the changes operated at the end of the Late Middle Ages, concerning both theology and the new demonological debates, as well as the inquisitorial action against maleficium and its influence on secular courts, or the anti-superstitious discourse deployed by Late Medieval preachers. Second, this research also proves the precocity, intensity and harshness of the witch persecution in Catalonia, a fact that stresses the Catalan uniqueness in the context of the Hispanic kingdoms. This situation of the Principality is due to its own political and judiciary status, with a strong autonomy of local authorities and a lack of control by centralized judiciary institutions, either the Inquisition or the Royal justice. On that sense, Catalonia follows the model described by authors such as Brian P. Levack, according to which those areas with a strong central government and a centralized judicial system, would have experienced a very low intense persecution, and an almost total lack of death sentences. A model which is perfectly valid for the highly centralized and almost witch-free kingdom of Castile, and also, only in the opposite way, for the jurisdictionally fragmented and full of gallows Principality of Catalonia. Finally, the last conclusion resulting from this research points to the importance of the local context in the development of the witch-hunt, with a prominent role played by local authorities, often spurred by the population itself. This observations moves us away from traditional historiographical conceptions that linked the persecutions with the State mechanisms or the post-Tridentine Church, both faced with an alleged popular culture. Instead, in the Catalan case, prosecutions would be mostly instigated by the people in a context of disasters such as epidemics, bad weather and deaths of children or cattle. A persecution, then, that appears to be bottom-up, initiated among the communities from accusations of maleficium or poisoning and then articulated in the context of the local courts, with a clear subversion of the legal order, a current use of torture and an acute predisposition to issue death sentences.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo está concentrado em analisar as causas fundamentais da manutenção da independência política da província de Tlaxcala frente ao domínio mexica no território mesoamericano a partir da construção da narrativa dos cronistas mestiços do século XVI Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc e Diego Muñoz Camargo. Dessa forma, através da análise de suas obras, procuraremos avaliar a construção da narrativa desses autores em relação ao conflito entre os tlaxcaltecas e mexicas, especialmente no século XV e início do XVI, e a contínua manutenção da autonomia dos primeiros até a chegada de Cortés na América
This work is based on the analyses of the main causes of the political independence maintenance of the Tlaxcala Province face the Mexica´s dominion on the Mesoamerican territory through the narratives of two mestizo writers of the XVI century, Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc and Diego Muñoz Camargo. By analyzing their work, we try to evaluate the narrative construction related to the conflict between the tlaxcaltecas and the mexicas, specially during the XV and beginning of the XVI century, and the continuous maintenance of autonomy of the former until Cortés arrival to America

El objetivo principal de esta tesis de doctorado es conocer la organización del espacio y la sociedad que le dio forma y habitó en los actuales municipios de Aledo y Totana (Murcia) durante los siglos XV y XVI, un periodo cronológico fundamental, la transición entre el fin de la Edad Media y el inicio de la Moderna, pues a lo largo del mismo tuvieron lugar los cambios que definirán la trayectoria histórica de las poblaciones de Aledo y Totana. Por ese motivo se consideró necesario clarificar en lo posible el medio natural, el territorio, el poblamiento y las comunicaciones, las características urbanas de ambas localidades, las actividades agrícola y ganadera y sus espacios, los aprovechamientos del monte, etc., para hacer el seguimiento de la evolución del conjunto en dicho marco temporal. Con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo propuesto hemos manejado la siguiente información disponible: fuentes documentales de los siglos XIII-XVI, en mayor medida, resultados de prospecciones e intervenciones arqueológicas y datos arqueológicos obtenidos de la propia documentación escrita, y bibliografía. La combinación de fuentes escritas y testimonios arqueológicos suele ser muy valiosa, y en nuestro caso, ha sido muy importante en algunos campos (sistema defensivo, red de caminos, sistemas hidráulicos, etc.). En cuanto a las conclusiones de este estudio destacamos: Aledo y Totana, en cuanto a su evolución como núcleos urbanos, siguieron caminos diferentes. Ambos pertenecían a la Orden de Santiago desde 1257. A finales del siglo XIII, Totana, que estaba en el valle de Guadalentín, se despobló mientras Aledo mantuvo habitantes al estar situado en un lugar elevado y defendido por una muralla. Era un enclave bien adaptado a tiempos de inseguridad por la proximidad de la frontera con el reino de Granada. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XV, el reino de Murcia entraba en una fase de crecimiento económico y poblacional y Totana renació como aldea de Aledo. A partir del XVI, al estar situada cerca de grandes vías de comunicación, y con muchas tierras por roturar en el valle, se desarrolló más que la villa. De hecho, el concejo se trasladó a Totana en 1545. Desde entonces, Aledo perdió muchos habitantes y no se recuperó. Totana pasó de tener una ermita, un horno de pan y una carnicería a contar a finales del siglo XVI con varios hornos de pan, edificios religiosos, almazaras, ventas, taller de alfarería, abastecimiento de agua, etc. Aledo, por su parte, mantuvo las dotaciones que tenía a principios de dicha centuria. Los límites territoriales de Aledo con los términos vecinos (Lorca, Alhama y Mula) quedaron establecidos definitivamente por sentencias reales, tras pleitos, a finales del siglo XV. En la etapa bajomedieval, en el término de Aledo había cuatro huertas llamadas del común, de todos los vecinos: Patalache, las Viñas, El Colomí y Tirieza, y Totana, las tres últimas especializadas en vid, olivo y morera, respectivamente. En el XVI, el aumento de población trajo consigo el aumento de las zonas de regadío, en esta ocasión, de propiedad particular. También se incrementó la producción de cereal, buena prueba de ello es que en el siglo XV había un molino harinero y a finales del XVI eran siete. Desde la concesión del fuero a Aledo, el concejo administró una dehesa alrededor de la villa, el Buhalaje, mientras el resto del término quedaba en manos de los comendadores. Ahora bien, en la década de 1520, la Orden se centró en percibir rentas y derechos señoriales y el concejo se hizo con la gestión de todo el territorio.
The following doctoral thesis’ main aim is to know both the space organization and the society that shaped it and lived in the current villages of Aledo and Totana during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, which was a crucial chronological period. It portrays the transition from the end of the Middle Ages to the beginning of the Modern Era, and over the course of this period, the changes which will determine the history of Aledo and Totana took place. It is for this reason that it was necessary to clarify such aspects as the environment, the land, the settlement and communication, the urban characteristics of these two villages, the agricultural and farming activities and their areas, or the use of the mountain, in order to provide a useful follow-up of their evolution in this period. Having this purpose in mind, the following available information has been used: Firstly, and to a large extent, documentary sources from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries have been very useful. Secondly, the results found in some archaeological survey reports and the data obtained from the written paperwork itself, have also been of paramount importance. Finally, some more information was collected from the bibliography. The combination of written sources and archaeological evidence is usually very valuable, and in this study, it has been especially important in some fields; for instance, the defensive fields, the road network, or the hydraulic system, to name but a few. As far as the conclusions of this study are concerned, the ones below are highlighted: First of all, and in terms of its evolution as urban areas, it is clear that Aledo and Totana took different routes. Both villages belonged to the Order of Santiago since 1257. However, at the end of the thirteenth century, Totana, which was located in the Valley of Guadalentín, became depopulated, whereas Aledo kept inhabitants because it was placed in an elevated location and it was defended by a wall. It was also a privileged spot in times of instability, due to its closeness to the border with the Kingdom of Granada. From the second half of the fifteenth century on, the Kingdom of Murcia experienced an economic and population growth, and Totana witnessed its own revival as the small village of Aledo. In the sixteenth century, Totana developed more than Aledo, since the former was located near the most important communication roads, and it also owned much land to clear and replant. In fact, the municipal council moved to Totana in 1545. Ever since, Aledo lost many of its inhabitants and never recovered. Secondly, Totana moved from having a shrine, a bakery stove and a butcher’s to counting on several bakery stoves, religious buildings, mills, selling points, a pottery workshop, and its own water supply in the sixteenth century. Aledo, on the other hand, kept its original endowment since the beginning of the century. Thirdly, Aledo’s territorial boundaries with its neighbouring territories, i.e. Lorca, Alhama and Mula, were finally established by royal decrees at the end of the fifteenth century, and not without some litigation. Fourthly, in the late Middle Ages, Aledo had four orchards, referred to as “common areas”: Patalache, Las Viñas, El Colomí and Tirieza, and Totana, the last three of them dedicated to grapevine, olive trees, and mulberry tree, respectively. In the sixteenth century, the population growth brought along an expansion of areas of irrigation, this time private property. There was also a growth in cereal production. A proof of that is that there used to be a flour mill in the fifteenth century and by the end of the sixteenth century there were seven of them. Finally, it is important to point out that after Aledo received its town charter, the council managed a meadow named Buhalaje around the village, while the rest of the area remained the competence of the commanders. However, in the 1520s the Order focused on receiving the earned income and lordly rights, and the council eventually took over the management of the whole territory.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a construção da imagem visual da América nos séculos XV e XVI. O reconhecimento do potencial cognitivo da gravura como documento e a percepção do conjunto de relações que perpassam cada uma delas foram fatores importantes ao longo da pesquisa. Procurava-se entender de que forma as estampas eram o resultado de aspectos discursivos, da absorção das informações etnográficas e das operações de tradução e lugar de enunciação do Outro. Para isto, dividimos esta tese em três capítulos. O primeiro se ocupa da reflexão sobre a diversidade das imagens e das perguntas que podem ser feitas a elas, assim como a contribuição de alguns autores para essa discussão. O segundo capítulo trata das xilogravuras impressas para acompanhar as cartas sobre de Cristóvão Colombo e Américo Vespúcio. Entremeadas à escrita, não necessariamente pretendiam representar a realidade americana, mas traduzi-la em ilustrações compreensíveis ao público. O terceiro capítulo analisa dois momentos específicos: a construção de uma imagem a partir de estereótipos aliados à representação de objetos descontextualizados de seu uso original; e a personificação da América em alegorias. A conclusão diz respeito às sucessivas camadas que moldaram gradualmente a imagem visual da América e os significados diversos que dela emanavam
Abstract: This study presents a reflection on the construction of the visual image of America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The recognition of the cognitive potential of images as documents and the perception of the set of relationships that permeate each one of them were important factors during the research. The aim was to understand in which way the prints became the result of discursive aspects of the absorption of ethnographic reports and operations of translation and loci of enunciation of the Other. To accmplish this, we divide this, this thesis was divided into three chapters. The first one addresses reflections about the diversity of the images and questionings that could arise to them, as well as the contributions of several authors to this discussion. The second chapter deals with the woodcuts that accompany the printed letters by Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci. Interspersed in the writing, they did not necessarily intend to represent the American reality, but translate it into illustrations understandable to the public. The third chapter discusses two specific moments: the construction of an image from stereotypes associated with the representation of objects detached from their original context of use, and the personification of America in allegories. The conclusion refers to the successive layers that gradually shaped the visual image of America and the different meanings thereby conveyed
Doutorado
Historia Cultural
Doutor em História

The Italianate Pen: Poesia na Itália e na Inglaterra (séculos XV e XVI) discute os usos poéticos na Inglaterra Tudor, partindo sobretudo da Florença do século XV sob Lorenzo de Medici, na qual a Academia Platônica da villa Careggi propôs novos conceitos de platonismo e retórica poética por meio de textos e traduções de Lorenzo de Medici, Marsilio Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Angelo Poliziano, e mais o importante surgimento de incunabula venezianos, vindos da oficina de Aldus Manutius, em especial o Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499) parcialmente traduzido para o inglês (e publicado sob o título de The Strife of Love in a Dreame em 1592), possivelmente por Robert Dallington , um texto alegórico que cifrou a religio amoris ou religio Veneris que vinha do Roman de la Rose, francês, das tradições trovadorescas e da poesia toscana do Trecento, e do platonismo florentino de Ficino e della Mirandola, associando mitos antigos, estatuária, arquitetura e magia oculta numa concepção única de amor lida em numerosas visões alegóricas. Investiga as formas poéticas a partir do conceito de dulcior loquela, proposta por Dante Alighieri em seu tratado De Vulgari Eloquentia, até à forma soneto, como traduzida e praticada, por exemplo, por Thomas Wyatt (empregando o tipo petrarqueano ou continental, mas ainda temperado com asperezas aliterativas anglo-saxãs) e Edmund Spenser (que usa a forma inglesa, do soneto e é considerado um dos mais suaves sonetistas da Inglaterra naquele período). A idéia de dulcior loquela será então refletida no elogio de Shakespeare como hony-tongued e mellifluous por Francis Meres. A contraparte, e por vezes o amálgama dessa aparente suave doçura, serão os mistérios (como Edgar Wind os chama) ou a dark philosophie que não apenas Arthur Golding defende na \"Epistle to the Earl of Leicester\", publicada com sua tradução (em fourteeners) das Metamorfoses de Ovídio, em 1567, mas também George Chapman, em poemas como The Shadow of Night (1594) e Ovids Banquet of Sence (1595), assim como nos poemas de Sidney, e como vai retratada na dark lady de Shakespeare.
The Italianate Pen: Poetry in Italy and England (XV and XVI centuries) discusses the poetic uses in Tudor England that stemmed mostly from XV century Florence under Lorenzo de Medici, in which the Platonic Academy of villa Careggi put forth new concepts of Platonism and poetic rhetoric through Lorenzo de Medici, Marsilio Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Angelo Polizianos texts and translations, and the Venetian output of incunabula coming from Aldus Manutius workshop, especially the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499) that was partially translated in English (and published under the title of The Strife of Love in a Dreame in 1592), possibly by Robert Dallington , an allegorical text that has cyphered the religio amoris or religio Veneris that comes from the French Roman de la Rose, the troubadour and Trecento traditions, and the Florentine Platonism of Ficino and della Mirandola, associating ancient myths, statuary, architecture and occult magic in a single conception of love read through a number of allegorical visions. It investigates the poetic forms, from the concept of dulcior loquela, that Dante Alighieri has proposed in his treatise De Vulgari Eloquentia, to the sonnet form, as translated and practiced, for instance, by Thomas Wyatt (employing Petrarchs or continental pattern, but still seasoned with Anglo-Saxon alliterative asperities) and Edmund Spenser (who uses the English sonnet form, and is considered to be one of the sweetest sonneteers in the England of that period). The idea of dulcior loquela will be thus reflected in Francis Meres high praise of Shakespeare as hony-tongued and mellifluous. The counterpart, and sometimes the amalgam of this apparently soft sweetness, would be the mysteries (as Edgar Wind puts it) or the dark philosophie that not only Arthur Golding defends in the \"Epistle to the Earl of Leicester\", published in his 1567 translation of Ovids Metamorphoses (in fourteeners), but also George Chapman, in poems like The Shadow of Night (1594) and Ovids Banquet of Sence (1595), as well as in Sidneys poems and depicted by Shakespeares dark lady.

Orientador: Ana Raquel Marques da Cunha Martins Portugal.
Banca: Fernando Torres-Londoño
Banca: Lélio Luiz de Oliveira
Resumo: O presente estudo está concentrado em analisar as causas fundamentais da manutenção da independência política da província de Tlaxcala frente ao domínio mexica no território mesoamericano a partir da construção da narrativa dos cronistas mestiços do século XVI Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc e Diego Muñoz Camargo. Dessa forma, através da análise de suas obras, procuraremos avaliar a construção da narrativa desses autores em relação ao conflito entre os tlaxcaltecas e mexicas, especialmente no século XV e início do XVI, e a contínua manutenção da autonomia dos primeiros até a chegada de Cortés na América
Abstract: This work is based on the analyses of the main causes of the political independence maintenance of the Tlaxcala Province face the Mexica's dominion on the Mesoamerican territory through the narratives of two mestizo writers of the XVI century, Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc and Diego Muñoz Camargo. By analyzing their work, we try to evaluate the narrative construction related to the conflict between the tlaxcaltecas and the mexicas, specially during the XV and beginning of the XVI century, and the continuous maintenance of autonomy of the former until Cortés arrival to America
Mestre

La ricerca si propone di offrire una descrizione delle varietà italoromanze impiegate a Malta tra il XV e il XVI secolo, attraverso lo studio degli atti notarili. A questo scopo si è allestita un’edizione di 33 documenti – per la maggior parte inediti – dei quali si fornisce un commento comprensivo di grafie, fonetica, morfologia e note di morfosintassi. Lo studio è strutturato in quattro capitoli, ovvero: (i) un’introduzione riguardante la condizione linguistica di Malta nel Medioevo e i principali caratteri del corpus; (ii) l’analisi linguistica dei documenti; (iii) l’edizione, preceduta dai criteri di edizione; (iv) un glossario dei termini ritenuti maggiormente significativi.

La tesi si concentra sull'analisi dello sviluppo della scultura a Genova in un arco cronologico compreso tra il 1466, anno che diede avviò ad un più stretto controllo da parte del Ducato di Milano sui territori della Repubblica, e il 1528, che segnò l'affermazione di Andrea Doria e il passaggio nell'orbita spagnola. In un simile contesto si è cercato di enucleare le peculiarità dell'ambiente genovese mettendo in luce da un lato i rapporti con aree limitrofe come la Lombardia e la Toscana e dall'altro l'autonomia rispetto a tali influenze. Nonostante l'origine anagrafica degli scultori attivi in città, il linguaggio elaborato a Genova presenta infatti caratteristiche specifiche. Per analizzare una realtà così articolata si sono adottati più approcci metodologici, tenendo conto anche del rapporto con il contesto sociale e politico e delle dinamiche di committenza. All'analisi della documentazione nota e di quella emersa nel corso della ricerca si è accostata la lettura formale delle opere, allo scopo di dare una fisionomia distinta alle personalità attestate. I primi due capitoli sono dedicati ai principali scultori attivi a Genova, mentre gli altri tre si concentrano su tematiche specifiche, ovvero un cantiere di primo piano come quello della Cattedrale di San Lorenzo, l'evoluzione della tipologia del monumento funerario e la fortuna dei marmi genovesi in Europa.

La tesi si concentra sull'analisi dello sviluppo della scultura a Genova in un arco cronologico compreso tra il 1466, anno che diede avviò ad un più stretto controllo da parte del Ducato di Milano sui territori della Repubblica, e il 1528, che segnò l'affermazione di Andrea Doria e il passaggio nell'orbita spagnola. In un simile contesto si è cercato di enucleare le peculiarità dell'ambiente genovese mettendo in luce da un lato i rapporti con aree limitrofe come la Lombardia e la Toscana e dall'altro l'autonomia rispetto a tali influenze. Nonostante l'origine anagrafica degli scultori attivi in città, il linguaggio elaborato a Genova presenta infatti caratteristiche specifiche. Per analizzare una realtà così articolata si sono adottati più approcci metodologici, tenendo conto anche del rapporto con il contesto sociale e politico e delle dinamiche di committenza. All'analisi della documentazione nota e di quella emersa nel corso della ricerca si è accostata la lettura formale delle opere, allo scopo di dare una fisionomia distinta alle personalità attestate. I primi due capitoli sono dedicati ai principali scultori attivi a Genova, mentre gli altri tre si concentrano su tematiche specifiche, ovvero un cantiere di primo piano come quello della Cattedrale di San Lorenzo, l'evoluzione della tipologia del monumento funerario e la fortuna dei marmi genovesi in Europa.

La subárea arqueológico-cultural de Gran Nicoya (G.N.) abarca el Oeste de Nicaragua -hallándose el límite norte en el Golfo de Fonseca y una pequeña porción de Departamento de Estelí-, incluyendo y rodeando el eje volcánico, y las orillas de los lagos de Nicaragua y Managua, marcando el límite oriental las montañas centrales de Nicaragua. El extremo sur comprende la cuasi totalidad de la Provincia de Guanacaste -planicie y zona costera-, en Costa Rica, hasta la cordillera volcánica oriental (Guanacaste). Este estudio tiene como objetivo fundamental la búsqueda y análisis de los vínculos culturales entre la Gran Nicoya precolombina y su transformación en Provincia de Nicaragua (P.N.) tras la Conquista europea. Dicho objetivo se alcanza a través de una aproximación etnohistórica, a partir de un enfoque multidisciplinar. El punto de partida de esta tesis lo constituye el estudio de los objetos cerámicos y líticos depositados en el Museu Etnològic de Barcelona para, a continuación, proceder al análisis histórico a partir de documentos inéditos (Archivo General de Indias en Sevilla y Biblioteca del Palacio Real en Madrid) y de documentación colonial editada. Esta tesis se divide en dos grandes bloques. El primero de ellos centra su estudio en los diferentes grupos etnolingüísticos que ocupaban la G.N. en vísperas de la Conquista. Analizando para ello su origen, organización sociopolítica y económica, estructura territorial, así como el sistema de creencias. El segundo bloque aborda los orígenes, estructura territorial, sociopolítica y religiosa de la P.N., discutiendo las transformaciones que sufrieron los pueblos de la G.N. tras la Conquista y primeros años de la Colonia, destacando el elevado descenso demográfico. Igualmente, se discuten y detallan aquellos aspectos culturales originarios que pervivieron gracias a diferentes mecanismos. Se concluye que durante el siglo XVI, se mantuvieron las bases fundamentales de la estructura territorial, sociopolítica y económica de la G.N., mientras que otros aspectos como el sistema de parentesco y de creencias, fueron erradicados, aunque estos últimos pervivieron de forma parcial camuflándose en la nueva religión.

L’administration des Bâtiments du Roi au XVIIIème siècle est une institution au service du monarque sous la tutelle de la Maison du Roi. Elle a en charge la construction, l’entretien et la réparation des résidences et bâtiments royaux comme les châteaux de Versailles, Fontainebleau, Saint-Germain, Marly, Compiègne entre autres. A ce titre, certaines académies comme celles d’architecture, de peinture et sculpture et de France à Rome en dépendent, ainsi que les manufactures des Gobelins et de la Savonnerie. Des départements plus spécialisés comme la machine de Marly, les rigoles de Trappes et Saclay, les marbres, les pépinières en font aussi partie. Le passage de la surintendance à la direction des Bâtiments du Roi sous le duc d’Antin (1708-1726) a des conséquences essentiellement sur le pouvoir du Directeur qui perd ses prérogatives au niveau financier par rapport au surintendant. Si l’organisation bureaucratique se consolide et se rationalise, les changements sont surtout liés aux difficultés budgétaires de la monarchie qui poussent aux économies et perturbent les missions d’origine de l’administration. Il s’agit d’une étude à la fois administrative, économique, politique et sociale qui expose le fonctionnement d’une administration centrale au siècle des Lumières. La thèse présente à travers l’étude de la comptabilité, le fonctionnement et l’organisation d’une administration qui se bureaucratise tout en étant un outil politique, particulièrement pour les Directeurs qui travaillent avec le Roi. Elle présente aussi une étude du personnel et de son travail quotidien entre procédures administratives, influences de la cour et difficultés financières
The administration of the King's Buildings in the 18th century is an institution in the service of the King under administrative supervision of Maison du Roi. It administers the building, the maintenance and upkeep of the King's residences and properties such as the Château de Versailles, Fontainebleau, Saint-Germain, Marly, and Compiègne. In this respect, some academies like those of architecture, painting and sculpture, depend on it. One can also quote as examples the Manufacture des Gobelins and de la Savonnerie. The administration also includes the Departments of the Machine de Marly, of the drains in Trappes and in Saclay, those of the marbles and the plants nurseries. The evolution from the Superintendency to the Direction under the Duc d'Antin (1708-1726) has consequences on the power of the Director mainly, who loses his financial prerogatives in relation to the superintendent. Even if the bureaucratic organisation is strengthened and rationalised indeed, the modifications are mostly due to the budget problems met by the monarchy that urged for savings and impeded the initial missions of the administration. This thesis studies the way a central administration works in the age of the Enlightenment, focusing on the administrative, economic, politic and social areas. Through a study of the accountancy, it puts forth the functioning and organisation of an administration that is becoming a bureaucracy as well as a political tool, particularly for the Directors who work for the King. The dissertation also sets forth a study of the personnel and their daily tasks, having to deal with administrative procedures, the influence of the Court and financial difficulties

L'étude des rapports de Diderot et de l'actualité politique de son temps se rattache à l'étude de sa pensée politique, l'analyse critique à partir des textes théoriques n'a pas toujours défini de doctrine politique cohérente. En étudiant les réactions et les commentaires de Diderot sur la politique sous les règnes de Louis XV et de Louis XVI, il se dégage un comportement qui n'obéit pas à un système politique préétabli, mais qui se définit par rapport à une expérience vécue. Les textes étudiés couvrent une période qui s'échelonne de 1742 à 1784 et concernent essentiellement la politique intérieure et extérieure du royaume. D'évidence, il n'est pas possible de retrouver toute l'actualité dans l'œuvre de Diderot. L'intérêt qu'il porte à certaines questions et non à d'autres est significatif. Il faut en relever les indices dans la littérature polémique ou journalistique, auxquels il convient d'ajouter les nombreuses digressions de la correspondance générale. Sous Louis XV les commentaires de Diderot se rapportent à la politique intérieure sous ses aspects : religieux, parlementaires, économiques, sociaux et culturels et à la politique extérieure de la France : Guerre de sept ans, politique coloniale et politique européenne. Sous le règne de louis XVI l'amitié qu'il porte pour Turgot et pour Necker le rend circonspect. Désormais c'est sous la plume de Raynal que Diderot insère dans l'Histoire des deux Indes une véritable chronique de son temps où se mêlent à la politique intérieure, les nombreux problèmes des colonies, de l'esclavage et du rôle de la France dans les conflits politiques qui secouent l’Europe, l’Asie et l'Amérique. Cette déambulation méandreuse, en mettant en rapport biographie et histoire, a permis de retracer un intérêt permanent de Diderot à la politique de son temps et à déterminer selon les questions abordées des valeurs constantes ou conjoncturelles ayant une portée et une signification qui révèlent un grand politique
Diderot's study of relations and the political events of his era is connected with the study of his political thoughts. The critical analysis out of theoretical texts has not always defined any coherent political doctrine. In studying Diderot’s reactions and the commentaries on politics in the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, comes out a behavior that does not obey an already established political system but which becomes distinct when compared with experience. The studied text cover a period going from 1742 to 1784 and deals essentially with the home and foreign policy of the kingdom. Obviously, it is impossible to find all aspects in the works of Diderot. The interests that he shows towards certain question and not the others is significant. We must point out the signs in the polemic or journalistic literature to which is convenient to add the numerous digression of the general correspondence. In the reign of Louis XV, Diderot’s commentaries are connected with the home policy under its religious, parliamentary, economic, social and cultural aspects, and with the foreign policy of France: 7 years’ war, colonial policy, European foreign policy. In the reign of Louis XVI, his friendship with Turgot and with Necker makes him prudent. Henceforth, it's under the pen of Raynal that Diderot inserts in l'Histoire des deux Indes a real chronical of his era where the home policy is wingled with the numerous problems of the colonies, slavery, and the role of France in the political conflict that shakes Europe, Asia and America. This tortuous research in putting together biography and history has enabled us to retrace a permanent interest of Diderot with the policy of his era and to determine, according to the questions tackled, constant values or values connected with conjunctures having an implication and a meaning that reveal him as a great politician

Studi, commenti e confronti volti a delineare le misure e la conformazione dell’Inferno dantesco, dei giganti e di Lucifero con una panoramica sull’influenza che il locus inferi immaginato da Dante ha avuto sull’arte rinascimentale​.

The main goal of this work is the reconstruction of the concepts of knowledge and intentionality, as stated by some ‘voces significativae’ of the Escuela de Salamanca, starting from the second part of XV century. We will consider some texts of different scholars belonging to the Order of the Dominicans that, by developing their own theories in the Convent of San Esteban, bring them to fruition and spread in the University of Salamanca. This university is the motor center of the spread of the Iberian culture between the fifteenth and sixteenth century, both in Spain and throughout Europe of the time. This culture, inheriting also the medieval reflections on the theme of knowledge and intentionality, will transpose it and will reach it to full maturity. On this line, the height of the issue will be the Aristotelis Logica Magna of the Dominican Juan Sánchez Sedeño (1552-1615), published in Salamanca in 1600, in which these issues are dealt with in the light of the whole of tradition brought by returning a complete and mature cross to what the Escuela de Salamanca meant by knowledge and theory of intentionality. To achieve full understanding of such insight, the work will be divided into three chapters, each devoted to a particular historical-conceptual stage of the development of these theories. The first chapter will reconstruct some stages of the problem in the Middle Ages. In particular, in this chapter we will consider the theories of Thomas Aquinas, of Hervaeus Natalis and Duns Scotus, among the leaders of the deepening of the theory of knowledge and the formulation of intentiones as instruments for the apprehension. These authors analyze the most significant quaestiones of their works, including, respectively, the Summa Theologica, the Tractatus de secundis intentionibus and commentary on Aristotle's De Anima, in which the three scholars in a widespread manner shall consider modalities of access to the world the man and like the latter may have been aware of and act in it. At first, it will be understood as is a knowledge from the physiological point of view, showing how the theme of intentionality engages in matters related to the operation of the senses and how they allow the intellect to be familiar. Next, it will investigate the importance of the theory of knowledge and intentionality to understand fully human existence in the world. Finally, we will proceed to the analysis of the anthropological structures, individual and social, that allow humans to live fully, thus making possible knowledge and action. In the second chapter, we show how the questions on knowledge and intentionality analyzed in the first chapter are inherited by salmantini scholars, representatives of the homonymous Escuela, kind university in the second half of the fifteenth century, especially with the new directives of the statutes that Pope Martin V gives off to adjust the Spanish operation of the university. Of these scholars, they will be studied Lope de Barrientos, Bartolomé de Las Casas, Melchor Cano and Domingo Báñez, which will resume the medieval tradition, but gives original interpretations to the problem. Barrientos, in Clavis Sapientiae, consider the matter by analyzing the terms cognitio and intentio, declining them with a view to their membership in the theory of knowledge, according to the new interpretative demands on man as a person who knows and acting, fate in Salamanca since the second half of the fifteenth century. Las Casas, in De vocationis unique way up the problem of human knowledge in connection to the Thomistic concept of 'belief', indicating the reasons for which to know is to join the world in order to understand how it can be learned in a analog perspective, neither unequivocal nor equivocal. Cano, in De locis theologicis and the introduction to the Tratado de la victoria de sí mismo, examines the issue of knowledge in connection to land the role of man, he understood as the person fully realizes himself by knowing and acting in the world. Thus, Cano proves deep knowledge of medieval theories and keen observer of those developed in the Council of Trent, in which he took part. Báñez, in the commentary on the Summa Theologica of Thomas, incorporates the theories of medieval tradition and its surroundings cultural and reworks in an original way, having as a result a homogeneous theory that explains the knowledge and intent, taking into account both the logical side of that the volitional problem. In the third chapter, we show you how all the theories of medieval voces and representatives of the Escuela de Salamanca should come to Sánchez Sedeño, which processes in its Aristotelis Logica Magna a 'summa cognitionis et intentionalitatis', analyzing in detail the problem of knowledge according to tradition and, from this, we are creating a personal theory that defines best the previous.

Durant el segle XV l'auge expansionista de la Corona d'Aragó va tenir conseqüències directes en la producció pictòrica i, concretament, va afavorir una major permeabilitat de models i tècniques foranes, flamenques i sobretot italianes, que van ser calant amb més intensitat en substitució de les influències franceses que havien predominat durant la baixa edat mitjana. Amb el canvi de segle, la superació dels models, tècniques, i llenguatges medievals va ser esdevenir de mica en mica i, cap a mitjan segle XVI, coexistien encara solucions formals tradicionals amb altres totalment noves. La taula com a suport pictòric es va mantenir, en reticència a l'ús de la tela; però, la incipient tècnica a l'oli ja s'havia popularitzat a tot el territori de la Corona, permetent l'ús de nous llenguatges caracteritzats per les possibilitats formals pròpies d'aquest procediment. En aquest context de transició a l'Època Moderna els obradors pictòrics valencians -com paradigma de l'activitat artística a la Corona d'Aragó- van ser adoptant aquestes novetats en combinació amb el substrat tècnic tradicional, el que va redundar en una multiplicitat de materials i factures diferenciades. El propòsit d'aquest projecte és aprofundir en les característiques tècniques, procedimentals i metodològiques dels principals obradors pictòrics valencians, així com en la seva selecció material, durant els segles XV i XVI. Es proposa una revisió a través d'una triple metodologia. D'una banda, l'estudi de les fonts i documents; per una altra, la posterior comparació amb anàlisis fisicoquímiques dels materials per disseccionar els procediments inherents a autors i tallers; i, finalment, la corroboració mitjançant reproduccions i recreacions, a través de la pràctica experimental.
Durante el siglo XV el auge expansionista de la Corona de Aragón tuvo consecuencias directas en la producción pictórica y, concretamente, favoreció una mayor permeabilidad de modelos y técnicas foráneas, flamencas y sobre todo italianas, que fueron calando con mayor intensidad en substitución de las influencias francesas que habían predominado durante la baja Edad Media. Con el cambio de siglo, la superación de los modelos, técnicas, y lenguajes medievales fue aconteciendo paulatinamente y, hacia mediados del siglo XVI coexistían todavía soluciones formales tradicionales con otras totalmente novedosas. La tabla como soporte pictórico se mantuvo, en reticencia al uso del lienzo; sin embargo, la incipiente técnica al óleo ya se había popularizado en todo el territorio de la Corona, permitiendo el uso de nuevos lenguajes caracterizados por las posibilidades formales propias de este procedimiento. En este contexto de transición a la Época Moderna los obradores pictóricos valencianos –como paradigma de la actividad artística en la Corona de Aragón– fueron adoptando estas novedades en combinación con el sustrato técnico tradicional, lo que redundó en una multiplicidad de materiales y facturas diferenciadas. El propósito de este proyecto es profundizar en las características técnicas, procedimentales y metodológicas de los principales obradores pictóricos valencianos, así como en su selección material, durante los siglos XV y XVI. Se propone una revisión a través de una triple metodología. Por una parte, el estudio de las fuentes y documentos; por otra, la posterior comparación con análisis físico-químicos de los materiales para diseccionar los procedimientos inherentes a autores y talleres; y, por último, la corroboración mediante reproducciones y recreaciones, a través de la práctica experimental.
During the fifteenth century the expansionist boom of the Crown of Aragon had direct consequences in the pictorial production. In particular, it favored a greater permeability of Flemish and especially Italian models and techniques, which were penetrating with greater intensity in substitution of influences French influences which had dominated during the late Middle Ages. At the beginning of the 15th century, the overcoming of medieval models, techniques, and languages started to happen gradually and, by the middle of the 16th century, traditional formal solutions with totally new ones still coexisted. Wood panels, as pictorial supports remained, in reluctance to the use of canvases; the incipient oil technique had already become popular throughout the territory of the Crown, allowing the use of new languages characterized by the formal possibilities of this procedure, which progressively meant the substitution of tempera techniques. In this context of transition to the Modern Era, the Valencian pictorial workshops -as a paradigm of artistic activity in the Crown of Aragon- were adopting these novelties in combination with the traditional technical substrate, which resulted in a multiplicity of materials and differentiated invoices. The purpose of this project is to deepen the technical, procedural and methodological characteristics of the main Valencian pictorial artists, as well as their material selection, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A review is proposed through a triple methodology. On the one hand, the study of sources and documents; on the other, the subsequent comparison with physical-chemical analysis of the materials to dissect the procedures inherent to authors and workshops; and, finally, the corroboration through reproductions and recreations, through experimental practice.

La tesi doctoral s’ha plantejat com un acostament des de la Demografia Històrica a la qüestió de la immigració francesa a Catalunya als segles XV-XVII a partir de l’estudi de la mobilitat social dels immigrants, la immigració femenina, la formació de la parella, o la transmissió intergeneracional entre els immigrants francesos i els seus fills i filles. Aquests aspectes no han estat tractats per la historiografia principal sobre la qüestió i són de principal transcendència per a conèixer la incidència real de la immigració francesa en l’evolució de la història de la població catalana. Aleshores, aquesta tesi compta amb una sèrie de capítols que tracten individualment els temes següents: Límits cronològic i territorials de la immigració francesa a l’Àrea de Barcelona en Època Moderna, perfil demogràfic i social dels immigrants francesos, pes de la immigració femenina dins el conjunt de l’onada migratòria francesa, comportament matrimonial dels immigrants francesos i, finalment, anàlisi de la transmissió intergeneracional. La recerca s’ha portat a terme a partir de tres fonts principals: la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database (BHMD), una de les series de registres vitals conservades més llargues del món, construïda a partir dels Llibres d’Esposalles de l’Obra de la Catedral de Barcelona, una font de caràcter fiscal sobre el matrimoni sorgida d’un privilegi atorgat per Benet XIII (1394-1423) a la Catedral i que esdevé un registre matrimonial de tota la diòcesi anterior a l’aparició dels registres parroquials a rel del Concili de Trento (1545-1563); els expedients matrimonials de la Catedral de Barcelona i, finalment, la Matrícula de francesos de 1637. Les dues primeres resulten gairebé inèdites en l’estudi de la immigració francesa, mentre que la tercera, tot i que molt utilitzada, va ser analitzada de forma íntegra tan sols per Nadal i Giralt en els anys 60. La immigració francesa a la Catalunya moderna és un tema sobre el qual en les darreres dècades s’ha anat bastint tot un corpus historiogràfic que abraça des d’obres tan llunyanes com la d’Enric Moreu-Rey (1959) fins a d’altres molt recents i que, principalment, s’ha encarregat d’establir per a l’onada migratòria francesa els factors d’expulsió i atracció principals (pull and push factors), o la localització d’immigrants en nombrosos estudis de caràcter local i comarcal i en diferents cronologies, però, a grans trets, en la segona meitat del segle XVI i la primera meitat del XVII. A més, també s’ha establert un perfil social de l’immigrant francès. Els resultats principals de la tesi apunten que: La immigració francesa mostra una distribució heterogènia en el temps i en l’espai, centrada en la zona litoral i als principals nuclis urbans i a cavall dels segles XVI-XVII, amb procedències equilibrades entres les tres zones principals d’emigració; l’estructura socioeconòmica dels immigrants francesos és comparable a la dels autòctons, formada majoritàriament per pagesos i artesans i amb poca mobilitat, tant ascendent com descendent, tot i que amb un important major pes de treballadors sense terra; la immigració femenina, de menor volum que la masculina però existent, presenta alguns trets diferencials, com són una major proporció d’immigrants amb origen pirinenc i de pagesos i jornalers entre els pares de les esposes que entre els marits; el comportament matrimonial dels francesos i franceses s’ha observat diferent al dels autòctons, més per l’aspecte geogràfic que pel social, amb una tendència a l’homogàmia malgrat el baix nombre de dones franceses i destacant les unions de marits francesos amb dones vídues i, finalment, una forta transmissió intergeneracional entre els immigrants francesos i els seus fills i filles, encara que amb paràmetres similars als del conjunt de la població catalana.
La tesis doctoral se ha planteado como una aproximación desde la Demografía Histórica a la inmigración francesa en Cataluña en los siglos XV-XVII a partir del estudio de la movilidad social de los inmigrantes, la inmigración femenina, la formación de la pareja o la transmisión intergeneracional entre inmigrantes franceses y sus hijos e hijas. Estos aspectos no han sido tratados por la historiografía principal sobre el tema y son de principal transcendencia para conocer la incidencia real de la inmigración francesa en la evolución de la historia de la población catalana. Así, esta tesis está formada por una serie de capítulos que tratan individualmente los siguientes temas: Límites cronológico y territorial de la inmigración francesa en el Área de Barcelona en Época Moderna, perfil demográfico y social de los inmigrantes franceses, peso de la inmigración femenina dentro del conjunto de la oleada migratoria, comportamiento matrimonial de los inmigrantes franceses y, finalmente, análisis de la transmisión intergeneracional. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo a partir de tres fuentes principales: la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, una de las series de registros vitales conservadas más largas del mundo, construida a partir de los libros de esponsales de la Catedral de Barcelona, una fuente de carácter fiscal sobre el matrimonio surgida de un privilegio otorgado por el papa Benedicto XIII (1394-1423) a la Catedral y que resulta anterior a la aparición de los registros parroquiales a raíz del Concilio de Trento (1545-1563); los expedientes matrimoniales de la Catedral de Barcelona y, finalmente, la Matrícula de franceses de 1637. Las dos primeras resultan casi inéditas en el estudio de la inmigración francesa, mientras que la tercera, aunque muy utilizada, únicamente fue analizada de forma íntegra por Nadal y Giralt en los años sesenta. La inmigración francesa en la Cataluña moderna es un tema sobre el cuál en las últimas décadas se ha ido construyendo todo un corpus historiográfico que abarca des de obras tan lejanas como la de Enric Moreu-Rey (1959) hasta otras muy recientes y que, principalmente, se ha encargado de establecer para la oleada migratoria francesa los factores de expulsión y atracción principales (pull and push factors), o la localización de inmigrantes en numerosos estudios de carácter local y en distintas cronologías, pero, a grandes rasgos, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y la primera del XVII. También se ha establecido un perfil social del inmigrante francés. Los resultados principales de la tesis apuntan que: La inmigración francesa muestra una distribución heterogénea en el tiempo y en el espacio, centrada en la zona litoral y en los principales núcleos urbanos y entre los siglos XVI-XVII, con procedencias equilibradas entre las tres zonas principales de emigración; la estructura socioeconómica de los inmigrantes franceses es comparable a la de los autóctonos, formada mayoritariamente por campesinos y artesanos y con poca movilidad, tanto ascendente como descendente, aunque con un importante mayor peso de los trabajadores sin tierra; la inmigración femenina, de menor volumen que la masculina pero existente, presenta algunos rasgos diferenciales, como una mayor proporción de inmigrantes con origen pirenaico y mayor proporción de campesinos y jornaleros entres los padres de las esposas que entre los maridos; el comportamiento matrimonial de los franceses y francesas se ha observado diferente al de los autóctonos, más por el aspecto geográfico que por el social, con una tendencia a la homogamia a pesar del bajo número de mujeres francesas y destacando las uniones de maridos franceses con mujeres viudas y, finalmente, una fuerte transmisión intergeneracional entre los inmigrantes y sus hijos e hijas, aunque con parámetros similares a los del conjunto de la población catalana.
This doctoral thesis studies French immigration to Catalonia in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries from the perspective of Historical Demography. It is based on a study of the social mobility of immigrants, women’s immigration, couple formation, marital behavior, and intergenerational transmission from French immigrants to their children. These issues have not been addressed by the main historiography on the subject and are of major significance for understanding French immigration’s actual impact on the historical development of the Catalan population. Hence, this dissertation presents a series of chapters that take up following topics: the chronological and geographic extent of French immigration to the Barcelona region in the Early Modern Era, the demographic and social profile of French immigrants, the importance of women’s immigration within the wave of French immigrants, the marital behavior of French immigrants, and lastly, the socioeconomic outcomes of the children of French immigrants, or in other words, an analysis of intergenerational transmission. The research has been carried out using three main sources: the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database (BHMD), one of the longest-preserved sets of life records in the world, which is made up of the Barcelona Cathedral’s Llibres d’Esposalles (Books of Betrothal), a a set of marriage-related tax records arising from a privilege granted to the Cathedral by Benedict XIII (1394-1423), which went on to become marriage record for the entire diocese before the appearance of parish records following the Council of Trent (1545-1563); the marriage records of the Barcelona Cathedral; and lastly, the Matrícula de francesos de 1637 (Frenchmen’s Register of 1637). The first two are almost entirely unknown in the study of French immigration, while the third, despite being widely used, has been analyzed in its entirety only by Nadal and Giralt, in the 1960s. French immigration to modern Catalonia is a subject on which a whole body of historiographic work has been erected over the past few decades, from early studies such as those of Enric Moreu-Rey (1959) to other very recent studies. By and large this body of work has sought to identify either the “push and pull” factors driving French immigration, or the distribution of immigrants in various local or regional level studies and over different time ranges, essentially from the second half of the sixteenth to the first half of the seventeenth centuries. Likewise, a social profile of French immigrants has been established. The key findings of this dissertation indicate that: French immigration shows a heterogeneous distribution in space and time, being concentrated in coastal areas and the main urban centers and in the mid- to late sixteenth century and early to mid-seventeenth century, and coming from the main areas of emigration in roughly equal proportions; the socioeconomic structure of French immigrants is comparable to that of native inhabitants, who were mainly peasants and craftsmen with little mobility, either upward or downward, though with a greater proportion of landless workers; women’s immigration, lower in volume than men’s but still present, shows some differentiating features, such as a higher proportion of immigrants from the Pyrenees, and a higher proportion of peasants and day laborers among the parents of marrying women than among husbands; marital behavior among French immigrants is observably different from that of native inhabitants, more in geographic terms than in social terms, with a tendency toward homogamy despite the low number of French women, and a notable number of marriages between widows and French husbands; and lastly, there is strong intergenerational transmission from French immigrants to their children, albeit within ranges similar to those of the Catalan population as a whole.

Due to the lack of overview studies clarifying the reasons that encouraged many English students to graduate in Medicine at the University of Padua, with this research first of all I tried to provide a frame of reference in which this phenomenon has developed and who were the main protagonists, from the late fifteenth century on. The English Thomas Linacre was undoubtedly the first, in order of time, among the graduates in Medicine in Padua (1496), to have an impact on the studies of the History of Medicine, so that he can be considered one of the most famous representatives of the English and European medical Humanism. Therefore, in this research, I gave special attention to the study and the description of his figure as scholar. Linacre has been the subject of several essays, mostly dated, in the field of Humanities and of the History of Medicine, especially by British authors. Besides having examined the bibliography on the subject, I inspected original documents of Linacre, such as manuscripts and old prints. I also tried to highlight in particular his humanistic and scientific education achieved during his travel in Italy, especially in Florence, Rome, Padua and Venice, travel that allowed the English student to combine proficiently the study of Greek and the one of medicine. In this investigation I gave attention also to the results that Linacre obtained by his work of translation from Greek: he was, in fact, one of the most famous interpreters of the works of Galen. Finally, I attempted to draw attention to other British students who graduated in Medicine in Padua and who contributed with their studies to the development of English and European scientific Humanism: John Chamber (1470-1549), Edward Wotton (1492-1555) and John Caius (1510-1573) and William Harvey (1578-1657), the discoverer of the circolation of the blood. For this study I investigated in the major libraries of Padua and in important research centers of the United Kingdom: I have inspected in London the Archives and the Library of the Royal College of Physicians and the British Library; in Oxford the Bodleian Library.
In assenza di studi d’insieme che spieghino le ragioni per cui molti studenti inglesi scelsero di laurearsi in Medicina all’Università di Padova, con la presente ricerca si è voluto inquadrare il contesto in cui questo fenomeno si sviluppò e quali furono i suoi principali protagonisti, dalla fine del XV sec. in poi. Thomas Linacre fu, senza dubbio, il primo, in ordine di tempo, tra i laureati a Padova in medicina (1496), a lasciare un segno importante negli studi di Storia della Medicina, tanto da poter essere considerato uno dei più celebri rappresentanti dell’Umanesimo medico inglese ed europeo. Per questo, nella presente tesi di dottorato, è stato riservato ampio spazio allo studio e alla descrizione della sua figura di studioso. Linacre è stato oggetto di vari saggi, per la maggior parte datati, nel campo degli studi umanistici e storico-medici, specialmente di area britannica. Oltre ad avere esaminato la bibliografia sull’argomento, ho preso visione diretta dei materiali originali di Linacre, quali manoscritti, documenti e antiche stampe. Ho cercato inoltre di mettere in evidenza in particolare la formazione umanistica e scientifica conseguita dallo studioso inglese durante il suo viaggio in Italia, specie a Firenze, Roma, Padova e Venezia, peregrinatio academica che gli consentì di combinare proficuamente lo studio del greco e quello della medicina. Nella ricerca è stato dedicato spazio anche ai risultati che Linacre ottenne attraverso la sua opera di traduzione dal greco: egli fu infatti uno dei più celebri interpreti delle opere di Galeno. Infine in questa ricerca sono stati presi in considerazione altri studenti inglesi che si laurearono in Medicina a Padova e che contribuirono con i loro studi allo sviluppo dell’Umanesimo scientifico inglese ed europeo: John Chamber (1470-1549), Edward Wotton (1492-1555), John Caius (1510-1573) e William Harvey (1578-1657), lo scopritore della circolazione del sangue. Questa indagine è stata condotta nelle principali biblioteche di Padova e in importanti centri di ricerca della Gran Bretagna: sono stati ispezionati a Londra gli Archivi e la Biblioteca del Royal College of Physicians e la British Library; a Oxford la Bodleian Library.

Nel complesso panorama geopolitico dell’Europa moderna, Lucca rappresentò una realtà territoriale circoscritta e periferica, tendenzialmente pacifica e dedita ai commerci, che riuscì a conservare la propria indipendenza repubblicana fino al 1799. Le ricerche tentano di fornire un quadro ampio sul mondo del libro e la circolazione dei saperi nella città-Stato toscana tra XV e XVI secolo, riservando particolare attenzione alla produzione tipografica locale, di cui si ripercorrono le vicende storiche a partire dal duplice tentativo di introdurre la stampa da parte di Clemente da Padova (1472 e 1477), fra i primi stampatori di origine italiana, fino all’ascesa di Vincenzo Busdraghi (1548-1549), da più parti considerato il “principe degli stampatori lucchesi”. Di ciascuna edizione lucchese viene fornita una descrizione secondo i più recenti modelli di catalogazione bibliografica, sempre condotta su esemplari esaminati presso biblioteche e archivi, sia italiani che stranieri. La seconda sezione focalizza l’attenzione su alcuni episodi particolarmente significativi riguardanti la circolazione e il commercio librario, che interessò dapprima i codici manoscritti e poi i volumi a stampa, mettendo in evidenza i nomi di numerosi librai e cartolai attivi a Lucca e nelle zone limitrofe, emersi da inedite fonti notarili. Inoltre, viene proposta l’edizione dell’inventario post mortem della bottega pisana appartenuta al libraio Vincenzo Berretta, ma si considera anche la dispersione libraria attraverso l’analisi di maculature e frammenti, oltre alla circolazione di diversi prodotti editoriali, quali pronostici e messali, destinati a differenti categorie di lettori. Legata a doppio filo con le indagini sulle edizioni popolari di larga circolazione, la terza sezione offre un approfondimento sul Volto Santo, la taumaturgica reliquia conservata a Lucca nella Cattedrale di San Martino, di cui si analizza una serie di pubblicazioni quattro-cinquecentesche che riportano il racconto in prosa o in versi del leggendario arrivo in città. In ultimo, si propone una panoramica delle principali raccolte librarie presenti entro le mura lucchesi tra la seconda metà del Quattrocento e gli anni ’70 del secolo successivo, di cui è sopravvissuta una testimonianza coeva sotto forma di catalogo, inventario o lista di libri. Per l’eccezionale importanza nella storia delle biblioteche ecclesiastiche, viene fornito un elenco delle pubblicazioni a stampa appartenute al vescovo Felino Sandei, la cui raccolta si è conservata pressoché intatta dalla sua donazione al Capitolo della Cattedrale di Lucca nel 1503 fino ai nostri giorni.
In the complex geopolitical landscape of Early Modern Europe, Lucca was a limited and peripheral reality, inclined to be peaceful and dedicated to trade, which succeeded in preserving its republican independence until 1799. The research attempts to provide a broad picture of the world of books and the circulation of knowledge in the Tuscan city-state between the XV and XVI centuries, focusing particular attention on local printing production, whose historical events are traced from the double attempt to introduce the printing press by Clemens Patavinus (1472 and 1477), among the first printers of Italian origin, to the rise of Vincenzo Busdraghi (1548-1549), widely considered “the prince of Lucca printers”. Each Lucchese edition is presented according to the latest models of bibliographic description, always conducted on specimens examined in Italian and foreign libraries and archives. The second section focuses the attention on some particularly significant episodes concerning the circulation and book trade, which first involved manuscripts and then printed volumes, highlighting the names of many booksellers and stationers active in Lucca and neighboring areas, which have emerged from unpublished notarial sources. In addition, the transcription of the posthumous inventory of the Pisan workshop belonging to the bookseller Vincenzo Berretta is proposed, but book dispersion is also considered through the analysis of some fragments and binding waste, as well as the circulation of different publishing products, such as forecasts and missals, intended for different categories of readers. Closely linked to the popular printing production, the third section offers an indepth look at the Holy Face of Lucca, the thaumaturgical relic preserved in Lucca in the Cathedral of San Martino, of which is analyzed a series of XVth and XVIth century editions which tell the story of its legendary arrival in the city in prose or verse. Finally, an overview of the main book collections present within the walls of Lucca between the second half of the fifteenth century and the 1570s is presented, of which a coeval record has survived in the form of a catalog, inventory or list of books. Because of its exceptional importance in the history of ecclesiastical libraries, is provided a list of the printed publications belonging to Bishop Felino Sandei, whose collection has been preserved almost complete since its donation to the Chapter of the Cathedral in 1503 to the present day.

Orientador: Edgar Salvadori De Decca
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em História

La línia de recerca té per objectiu establir l’evolució pictòrica de la retaulística a Catalunya a les acaballes del segle XV i principis del XVI, a partir d’obres d’aquest període procedents del taller dels Vergós, de Joan Gascó i de Pere Nunyes. L’estudi científicotècnic se centra en nou taules corresponents a quatre retaules, considerats obres clau del canvi de gustos artístics que es produeix en la societat d’aquest període i que es plasmarà en les representacions pictòriques. S’inicia amb el Retaule de sant Esteve de Granollers (1492/1494-1500) perquè, d’una banda, els Vergós representen la continuïtat huguetiana i, de l’altra, pel fet que en aquest retaule té lloc un fet particular: totes les taules pertanyen al taller dels Vergós excepte les dels quatre profetes, obres del pintor renaixentista Joan Gascó. Aquestes obres primerenques de Gascó es confronten amb altres taules que ja pertanyen a la seva producció posterior, quan ja s’ha independitzat dels Vergós i ha establert el seu propi taller a Vic. L’apropament a aquesta segona etapa de Gascó es fa a través de l’estudi del Retaule de sant Pere (cap a 1516), de l’església de Santa Maria de Palautordera. La producció de Pere Nunyes, que acredita una informació molt consistent del model italià en voga, representa una nova fase de la transformació estilística i tècnica de la pintura del període en què se centra l’estudi. S’examinen les taules del Retaule sant Eloi dels argenters (1526-1529) i es comparen amb altres treballs seus, com ara la predel•la del Retaule de sant Sever (1541 i 1542). Quant als suports de fusta, se n’han identificat dues tipologies: els d’acoblament pla i endrapats, característics del període gòtic, i els suports en els quals les posts estan unides per encaix i recobertes per l’estopa, trets característic de les taules renaixentistes. Un altre reflex doncs dels canvis que tenen lloc en l’àmbit de la retaulística catalana d’aquest període en el qual se centra el treball. La recerca es basa principalment en l’anàlisi de la mecànica d’execució seguida pels artistes en què s’ha posat el focus, a partir de les seccions estratigràfiques de les mostres que s’han estudiat, des de la preparació dels suports fins a l’aplicació final del color, passant pel dibuix preliminar i el daurat. Ha estat rellevant conèixer la paleta de colors dels artistes, com feien la preparació de les obres i quin procediment pictòric seguien. En conjunt, els pigments identificats han estat el cinabri, les laques, el mini, el groc de plom i estany, les terres naturals, l’atzurita, el pigment verd de compost de coure “verdet”, el blanc de plom i el negre carbó. Tots ells han estat aglutinats amb material proteic i oli. Un altre punt important en la recerca és l’estudi dels daurats, que també reflecteix els canvis en la retaulística catalana d’aquest període, com també un canvi en els gustos de la societat. En aquest sentit, la utilització dels fulls metàl•lics en les taules gòtiques catalanes excel•leix per les àmplies àrees daurades, pels materials i les tècniques emprades, mentre que en les obres posteriors, ja renaixentistes, el daurat, gradualment, queda relegat a petites superfícies.

Este trabalho tem como proposta estudar a obra pictórica de Jerônimo Bosch a partir da pesquisa, seleção, tradução e análise de excertos dos séculos XV, XVI e início do XVII que tratam do pintor e de sua obra. Diferentemente dos estudos contemporâneos, que, iconográficos, privilegiam a análise das imagens e a interpretação de seu simbolismo, esta pesquisa propõe estudar Bosch através destes textos, pensados a partir dos gêneros discursivos. Considerando as diferenças entre os gêneros, o estudo dos excertos visa a explorar sua diversidade e apontar seus pontos comuns, como a fama de Bosch na época, as descrições de suas pinturas e a qualificação das obras, sobretudo como fantásticas, bizarras e maravilhosas.
The purpose of this study is to discuss Jerome Boschs pictorial works in light of research, selection, translation and analysis of writings from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries about his life and works. Unlike contemporary iconographic studies in which the analysis of images and the interpretation of its symbols are the main method, this work intends to study Bosch through those texts, considering the genres of rhetorical discourse. Taking into account the differences among genres, this study explores the diversity of the texts, trying to point out, when possible, its commonalities, as found in the painters fame in the period, the description of his paintings and the qualification of his works, specially when they are regarded as fantastic, bizarre and wonderful.

Esta tesis doctoral, englobada en el ámbito disciplinar de la Historia de la Construcción, pretende contribuir a la puesta en valor de los yesos tradicionales aportando datos técnicos inéditos sobre algunos procedimientos tardomedievales de construcción de bóvedas de crucería, arquerías, galerías y escaleras constituidas por sillares y dovelas prefabricados de yeso con función portante en la arquitectura levantina hispana de los siglos XV y XVI. El objetivo central de la investigación consiste en probar que estas estructuras fueron desarrolladas por los obradores cristianos y que, para su puesta en obra, se respetaron esencialmente las reglas de la cantería. Las técnicas de albañilería quedaron relegadas a funciones muy concretas, sin alterar sustancialmente las estrategias de proyecto y de ejecución de tradición canteril. Así, tales propuestas se diferencian técnicamente de otras soluciones, previas o simultáneas, habituales en los territorios castellanos y aragoneses. Aunque en uno y otro caso se emplearon idénticos materiales (yeso y ladrillos), algunas variantes de las segundas mantienen evidentes vínculos con la tradición tecnológica andalusí, que van más allá de los hábitos de manipulación del material. El estudio se divide en dos partes donde se afronta por primera vez, con una visión sintética, el análisis de estas técnicas. En la primera se detallan las soluciones anteriores a la Edad Moderna que pudieran representar algún posible antecedente. Este breve recorrido no se ciñe solo al uso de prefabricados de yeso. Se abarcan también otras propuestas que, en el desarrollo de la investigación, se han evidenciado complementarias al objeto de estudio. Es el caso de los abovedamientos de ladrillo (con especial atención a la formación de las cáscaras y la materialidad y función de sus nervios) o de los procedimientos a base de yeso vertido y tallado combinados con estructuras latericias o de madera para la ejecución de escaleras, púlpitos, vanos, galerías y otros objetos de mobiliario. La segunda parte se dedica al análisis técnico de estas soluciones con una particular atención a la variante más numerosa y diversa: las bóvedas de crucería constituidas por sillares prefabricados de yeso tallado o modelado. Tras la oportuna noticia histórica y descriptiva de cada una de las soluciones se acomete su estudio formal y constructivo contrastando los datos recogidos en los trabajos de campo con las estrategias tradicionales de proyecto y ejecución de las crucerías medievales y modernas de cantería. El estudio, además de confirmar muchas de las hipótesis de partida, ha servido para enriquecer el actual estado del arte en lo que respecta a las estrategias de proyecto, ampliando o matizando algunas informaciones (trazado de los terceletes, estandarización, etc.) procedentes de los manuscritos y tratados del periodo.
Marín Sánchez, R. (2014). USO ESTRUCTURAL DE PREFABRICADOS DE YESO EN LA ARQUITECTURA LEVANTINA DE LOS SIGLOS XV Y XVI [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/47459
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