Relevant bibliographies by topics / XRN-2

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Academic literature on the topic 'XRN-2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "XRN-2"

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Song, Weimeng, Yanjie Li, Yue Niu, You Wu, Yan Bao, and Xiang Yu. "Global Characterization of XRN 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases and Their Responses to Environmental Stresses in Plants." Diversity 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120612.

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The XRN family of 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases is functionally conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, the molecular evolution of XRN proteins in plants and their functions in plant response to environment stresses remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 23 XRN proteins in 6 representative plant species. Polygenetic analysis revealed that XRN2 was Arabidopsis-specific among these species, and additional branches outside the clades of XRN3 and XRN4 proteins, which we named as XRN5, were found in rice, maize, and soybean. However, XRN5 in soybean lost their entire 5′-3′ XRN Exoribonuclease domain. Protein conserved sequence analysis showed that XRN3/XRN2 contained potential bipartite nuclear-localization signals (NLS) while all the XRN4 proteins lost their second KR/RR motif of NLS, potentially leading to their cytoplasm localization. SIXRN3-2 contained one mutation in this second KR/RR motif, which may change their sub-cellular localization. The promoter cis-element analysis indicated that these XRN genes responded to multiple stresses and plant hormones diversely at transcriptional level. Finally, transcriptomic analysis suggested that OsXRN3 and ZmXRN3-1 were induced by low temperature, SIXRN4 and ZmXRN4 was inhibited by heat shock, and OsXRN5 and GmXRN5-2 were repressed by drought. However, in general, the expression patterns revealed the response diversity of XRNs to environment stimuli in different plant species. Taken together, this study characterized 23 XRNs with NLS variation that contributed to their sub-cellular localization and provided an overview of the XRNs response diversity to multiple environmental stresses, suggesting that XRNs could be used as potential gene editing candidates for precise stress-tolerant crop breeding.
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Nakatsuka, Toshinao. "The substability and ergodicity of complicated queueing systems." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 1 (March 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214128.

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The substability and the ergodicity of various queueing models are discussed. This paper considers the vector-valued queueing process Xrn = (xrn,1,xrn,2, · ··) with non-negative components and a constant initial value Xrr= a. For this, the substability is derived under simple conditions by showing the finiteness of With respect to the ergodicity, in order to make use of Borovkov's theorem, we additionally assume that the distribution of the interarrival of customers has non-bounded tail for any given past sequence.
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Liu, Yan, Wenrui Gao, Shuangyang Wu, Lu Lu, Yaqiu Chen, Junliang Guo, Shuzhen Men, and Xiaoming Zhang. "AtXRN4 Affects the Turnover of Chosen miRNA*s in Arabidopsis." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030362.

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Small RNA (sRNA) turnover is a key but poorly understood mechanism that determines the homeostasis of sRNAs. Animal XRN genes contribute the degradation of sRNAs, AtXRN2 and AtXRN3 also contribute the pri-miRNA processing and miRNA loop degradation in plants. However, the possible functions of the plant XRN genes in sRNA degradation are far from known. Here, we find that AtXRN4 contributes the turnover of plant sRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana mainly by sRNA-seq, qRT-PCR and Northern blot. The mutation of AtXRN4 alters the sRNA profile and the accumulation of 21 nt sRNAs was increased. Some miRNA*s levels are significantly increased in xrn4 mutant plants. However, the accumulation of the primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) were generally unchanged in xrn4 mutant plants which indicates that AtXRN4 contributes the degradation of some miRNA*s. Moreover, AtXRN4 interacts with Arabidopsis Argonaute 2 (AtAGO2). This interaction takes place in Processing bodies (P-bodies). Taken together, our observations identified the interaction between XRN4 with AtAGO2 and suggested that plant XRN4 also contributes the turnover of sRNAs.
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Nakatsuka, Toshinao. "The substability and ergodicity of complicated queueing systems." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 01 (March 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200106394.

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The substability and the ergodicity of various queueing models are discussed. This paper considers the vector-valued queueing processXrn= (xrn,1,xrn,2, · ··) with non-negative components and a constant initial valueXrr= a.For this, the substability is derived under simple conditions by showing the finiteness ofWith respect to the ergodicity, in order to make use of Borovkov's theorem, we additionally assume that the distribution of the interarrival of customers has non-bounded tail for any given past sequence.
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Reinhart, S. C., A. G. Norden, M. Lapsley, R. V. Thakker, J. Pang, A. M. Moses, P. A. Frymoyer, M. J. Favus, J. A. Hoepner, and S. J. Scheinman. "Characterization of carrier females and affected males with X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 7 (January 1995): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v571451.

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X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis (XRN) was described in a large kindred in which nephrolithiasis; proximal tubular dysfunction, proteinuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure occur only in males. Carrier females are asymptomatic, but formal studies of them have not been done. The gene for XRN has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome, close to the loci for several eye disease genes. We studied six affected males, 13 carrier females, and 25 normal members of this family including 7 females whose genetic haplotype predicted them to be carriers. Studies were done in the Clinical Research Unit on a diet containing 400 mg of calcium and 2 g of sodium, and by an additional outpatient urine collection was obtained on a 1-g calcium intake. Hypercalciuria occurred in five of six affected males, 4 of 12 carrier females, and three of seven predicted carriers. Significant proteinuria was present in all affected males and in no other subjects. Low-molecular-weight proteinuria was present in all affected males: the excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin exceeded normal by 3- to 14-fold, of beta 2-microglobulin exceeded normal by 100- to 400-fold, and of retinol-binding protein exceeded normal by 1,000- to 3,000-fold. The excretion of these proteins was less strikingly elevated in carrier females, but the excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin was abnormal in 9 of 15 carriers, beta 2-microglobulin was abnormal in 12 of 15, and retinolbinding protein in was abnormal 12 of 13, and this pattern was similar in predicted carriers. The urinary concentrating ability was abnormal in four affected males with renal insufficiency but normal in all other subjects. Urinary wasting of potassium, phosphorous, and glucose occurred infrequently, and no subject was hypouricemic. Formal ophthalmologic studies were normal in five affected males. Thus, the most consistent urinary abnormalities in XRN are hypercalciuria and low-molecular-weight proteinuria, the latter of which appears to be a marker for the carrier state.
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Mattout, Anna, Dimos Gaidatzis, Jan Padeken, Christoph D. Schmid, Florian Aeschimann, Véronique Kalck, and Susan M. Gasser. "LSM2-8 and XRN-2 contribute to the silencing of H3K27me3-marked genes through targeted RNA decay." Nature Cell Biology 22, no. 5 (April 6, 2020): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-020-0504-1.

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Alemany, Pere, and Santiago Alvarez. "Bonding and structure in L4M2(.mu.-XRn)2 diamonds of tetrahedral d10 ions. Effect of substituents on the M- -M interaction." Inorganic Chemistry 31, no. 21 (October 1992): 4266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00047a012.

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Meijer, Hedda A., Ewan M. Smith, and Martin Bushell. "Regulation of miRNA strand selection: follow the leader?" Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 1135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140142.

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miRNA strand selection is the process that determines which of the two strands in a miRNA duplex becomes the active strand that is incorporated into the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) (named the guide strand, leading strand or miR) and which one gets degraded (the passenger strand or miR*). Thermodynamic features of the duplex appear to play an important role in this decision; the strand with the weakest binding at its 5′-end is more likely to become the guide strand. Other key characteristics of human miRNA guide strands are a U-bias at the 5′-end and an excess of purines, whereas the passenger strands have a C-bias at the 5′-end and an excess of pyrimidines. Several proteins are known to play a role in strand selection [Ago (Argonaute), DICER, TRBP (trans-activation response RNA-binding protein), PACT (protein activator of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase) and Xrn-1/2]; however, the mechanisms by which these proteins act are largely unknown. For several miRNAs the miR/miR* ratio varies dependent on cell type, developmental stage and in different disease states, suggesting that strand selection is a tightly controlled process. The present review discusses our current knowledge regarding the factors and processes involved in strand selection and the many questions that still remain.
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Kozlov, A. S., P. S. Chizhov, and V. A. Filichkina. "COMBINED XRD-XRF METHOD OF Fe2+ DETERMINATION OF IN SINTERS." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 83, no. 12 (January 1, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2017-83-12-5-11.

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Abaturov, A. E., and V. L. Babуch. "Regulation of miRNA content. Part 2. Degradation of miRNAs." CHILD`S HEALTH 16, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.5.2021.239719.

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The scientific review presents the process of regulation of microRNA content — microRNA degradation. To write the article, information was searched using databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. The article presents the characteristics of the most important process of RNA metabolism — degradation of 3'→5' RNA. Degradation of microRNA is inherent in organisms of all kingdoms of life and is involved in the regulation of RNA representation, elimination of dysfunctional or incorrectly constructed RNA molecules and processing of RNA precursors. Exoribonucleases that affect the stability of mature forms of miRNA are presented. It is emphasized that XRN exoribonucleases degrade various RNA substrates during total RNA degradation and are involved in specific processes such as nonsense-mediated degradation, gene silencing, rRNA maturation, and transcription termination. It is shown that exoribonuclease XRN2 plays a crucial role in the termination of transcription during viral infection, namely it has cytoplasmic antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus. The role of RNA-degrading exosome in microRNA degradation is presented. RNA-degrading exosome is a ubiquitous complex and 3'-5'-endo- and exoribonucleases of eukaryotes, which interacts with several processing cofactors and degrades almost all classes of cytoplasmic RNA. The article reflects the function of evolutionarily conserved phosphorolytic 3'-5'-exoribonuclease — polynucleotide phosphorylase. The role of exoribonuclease 1, which is an evolutio­narily conserved 3'-5'-exoribonuclease of the DEDDh family, is involved in the final processing of 5.8S rRNA, replication-dependent histone mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA. Eri1 exoribonuclease has been shown to regulate global microRNA homeostasis in lymphocytes and to participate in NK cell development and antiviral response. Thus, one of the mechanisms of regulation of miRNA content is the most important process of RNA metabolism, which is inherent in organisms of all kingdoms of life, namely the degradation of miRNAs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "XRN-2"

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Predrag, Kuzmanović. "Korelacija radioloških i strukturnih karakteristika građevinskih materijala." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114752&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predstavljena je radiološka i strukturna karakterizacija građevinskih materijala koji se mogu naći u upotrebi u Srbiji. Izvršena je radiološka karakterizaicija ukupno 348 uzoraka: granita,  fosfogipsa,  sirovina  u  keramičkoj  industriji,  keramičkih pločica,  betona,  opeke,  maltera,  siporeksa,  crepa  i  drugihgrađevinskih materijala opšte upotrebe.  Radiološka karakterizacija je  sprovedena  merenjem  koncentracija  aktivnosti 226 Ra,232 Th  i 40 K metodom  gama  spektrometrije,  kao  i  ekshalacije  radona  iz selektovanih  građevinskih  materijala  korišćenjem  aktivnih  uređaja RAD7,  RTM  1688-2,  AlphaGUard  i  AlphaE.  Korišćenjem  Monte Karlo  simulacija  izvršena  je  procena  jačina  apsorbovanih  dozagama  zračenja,  uočena  su  odstupanja  od  teorijski  procenjenih vrednosti  i  dati  predlozi  za  korekciju.  Izvršena  je  procena radijacionog  rizika  od  korišćenja  analiziranih  građevinskih materijala  u  enterijeru,  kao  i  za  profesionalna  lica  pri  radu  sa sirovinskim  materijalima.  Ispitivane  su  mogućnosti  upotrebe fosfogipsa  kao  NORM  materijala  u  proizvodnji gips-karton  ploča  i opeke  uz procenu radijacionog rizika od upotrebe.  Napravljeno je 8 uzoraka  opeke  sa  različitim  udelog  fosfogipsa  i  izvršena  jeradiološka  i  strukturna  karakterizacija  dobijenih  materijala. Ispitivane  su  varijacije  koeficijenata  emanacije  radona  iz građevinskih materijala tokom vremena, kao i uticaj efekata curenja i povratne difuzije koji dovode do tih varijacija. Ispitivan je takođe i uticaj strukture materijala u smislu mineraloškog i hemijskog satava i  poroznosti  na  vrednosti  koeficijenta  emanacije  radona. Meneraloška  karakterizacija  uzoraka  izvršena  je  metodom rendgenske  strukturne  analize  (XRD),  a  hemijska  metodom rendgenske  fluorescentne  analize  (XRF).  Merenje  ukupne  efektivne poroznosti izvršeno je metodama apsorpcije vode i metodom živine porozimetrije.  Na  osnovu  dobijenih  rezultata  uspostavljene  su značajne  korelacije  između  pojedinih  radioloških  i  strukturnih parametara za analizirane uzorke građevinskih materijala.
In  this  doctoral  dissertation,  the  results  of  the  radiological  and structural characterization of building materials used in Serbia were presented.  Radiological  characterization  of  a  total  of  348  samples was performed, including granite, phosphogypsum, raw  materials  in the ceramic industry, ceramic tiles, concrete, brick, mortar, siporex, tiles,  and  other  materials  frequently  used  as  building  materials.Radiological characterization was performed by measuring activity concentrations  of 226 Ra,232 Th,  and 40 K  by  gamma  spectrometry method, as well  as radon exhalation from selected building materials using active devices RAD7, RTM 1688-2, AlphaGuard and AlphaE.Using  Monte  Carlo  simulations,  the  absorbed  gamma  dose  rates were  estimated.  Furthermore,  the  deviations  from  the  theoretically estimated  absorbed  dose  rates  were  observed,  and  suggestions  for correction were given. An assessment of the radiation risk from the use  of  analyzed  building  materials  in  the  interior,  as  well  as  for occupational  workers  working  with  raw  materials  was  conducted.The possibilities of using phosphogypsum as a NORM material in the production  of  gypsum  plasterboard  and  bricks  were  investigated, with  an  assessment  of  the  radiation  risk  due  to  use  of  phosphogypsum as a component in the building materials. 8 samples of  bricks  with  different  proportions  of  phosphogypsum  were  made and  radiological  and  structural  characterization  of  the  obtained materials was performed. Variations of radon emanation coefficients from building materials over time, as well as the influence of leakage and  back  diffusion  effects  leading  to  these  variations,  were investigated. The influence of the structure of the material in terms of mineral and chemical composition and porosity on the values of the radon  emanation  coefficient  was  also  investigated.  The mineralogical characterization of the samples was performed by the method  of  X-ray  structural  analysis  (XRD),  and  the  chemical characterization  by  the  method  of  X-ray  fluorescence  analysis (XRF). The measurement of total effective porosity was performed by water absorption methods and mercury porosimetry method. Based on  the  obtained  results,  significant  correlations  were  establishedbetween  individual  radiological  and  structural  parameters  for  the analyzed samples of construction materials.
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Batista, Pessoa Walter. "Probing chalcogenide films by advanced X-ray metrology for the semiconductor industry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS330/document.

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Les nouveaux matériaux de type chalcogénures (à base de S, Se, Te) font l’objet d’un intérêt croissant, non seulement pour les applications mémoires avancées, photonique et photovoltaïque, mais également autour des matériaux dichalcogénures innovants à base de métaux de transition (MoS₂, WS₂, ..). Les propriétés de ces matériaux, réalisés sous forme d’alliages binaires ou ternaires, avec ou sans dopage, dépendent fortement de leur composition, du profil de composition dans ces couches très fines, ainsi que des conditions de surface et d’interface (préparation, passivation). La maîtrise des propriétés de ces couches fines, déposées par voie chimique (CVD) ou par co-pulvérisation cathodique magnétron, doit s’appuyer sur des nouveaux protocoles de caractérisation aux incertitudes optimisées et compatibles avec un contrôle de fabrication en ligne. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les performances de protocoles de métrologie spécifiquement développés pour l’analyse de couches minces de chalcogénures. Ces protocoles, qui s’appuient essentiellement sur les techniques non destructives de spectroscopie de photoélectrons (XPS) et de fluorescence X (XRF), ont été optimisés pour la caractérisation surfacique des couches ultrafines, l’analyse quantitative de la composition des matériaux complexes à base de tellure ou de soufre, et la mesure du profil de composition dans des couches et empilements < 50 nm. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons l’étude par XPS quasi in situ des propriétés de surface des matériaux Ge, Sb, Te ainsi que de leurs composés binaires et ternaires. Nous mettons en évidence l’évolution de la surface après remise à l’air puis vieillissement, et nous comparons l’efficacité de stratégies d’encapsulation in situ de couches minces à base de Te et Se. Nous démontrons ensuite les performances de protocoles d’analyses par XRF à dispersion de longueur d’onde (WDXRF) et XPS pour la quantification précise de la composition chimique de composés Ge-Sb-Te (de 1 à 200 nm) et de couches ultrafines de dichalcogénures à base de métaux de transition (MoS₂, WS₂). L’analyse combinée WDXRF/XPS permet de mesurer l’évolution avec la composition des facteurs de sensibilité relative des composantes Ge3d, Te4d et Sb4d, et par conséquent d’améliorer la précision de mesure par XPS de la composition des matériaux à changement de phase de type GexSbyTez. Nous soulignons également l’influence des effets de matrice sur la capacité de la WDXRF à l’analyse quantitative de l’azote dans des matériaux Ge-Sb-Te. Nous évaluons la possibilité d’un étalonnage de la WDXRF fondé sur des analyses par faisceaux d’ions spécifiques, ce qui permet in fine un suivi en ligne de couches GeSbTeN dans une fenêtre procédé donnée. Enfin, nous présentons deux stratégies de caractérisation non destructive du profil de composition dans des couches minces de chalcogénures. D’une part, nous démontrons que la combinaison des techniques de XRF en géométrie d'incidence rasante (GIXRF) et de réflectométrie X (XRR) permet une mise en évidence non ambiguë de faibles variations dans les procédés de dépôts, voire de phénomènes de diffusion dans des empilements de 10 nm d'épaisseur. L'utilisation de substrats multicouches en lieu et place du silicium permet d’optimiser la distribution en profondeur du champ d'ondes stationnaires, ce qui conduit à une amélioration nette de la sensibilité des stratégies XRR / GIXRF. D’autre part, nous montrons l’adéquation de protocoles fondés sur l’analyse XPS résolue en angle pour la caractérisation du profil de composition dans des couches nanométriques de GeTe et Ge₂Sb₂Te₅, ce qui permet une étude fine des premières étapes de dépôt de ces matériaux
Chalcogenide materials are compounds based on S, Se, and Te elements from group VI of the periodic table. They are receiving an extensive interest not only for applications in resistive memories (PCRAM and CBRAM), photonics and photovoltaics but also in the development of new 2-D materials (e.g. spintronics applications). Chalcogenide materials are already present in the semiconductor roadmaps and it is already replacing flash memories (e.g. phase change material and ovonic threshold switch in new random access memory). For the next technology nodes, chalcogenide properties can be scaled by tuning the chemical composition or by reducing the film thickness. Nonetheless, it also means that their properties become more tightly influenced by the chemical composition, the surface/interface effects and the depth-profile composition. Hence, dedicated metrology protocols must be developed, first to assist the optimization of chalcogenide materials processes in cleanroom environment, then to allow non-destructive process monitoring with industry-driven uncertainties. In this PhD thesis, we developed metrology protocols based on X-ray techniques, dedicated to thin chalcogenides materials and fully compatible with inline monitoring. First, we used quasi in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the surface of Ge, Sb, Te thin materials and compounds, and to study the composition-dependent evolution of the surface after air break and ageing. The efficiency of in situ capping strategies to protect Te-based and Se-based thin layered materials from ageing was also investigated. Secondly, we demonstrated the ability of improved metrology strategies based on in-line Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) and XPS to accurately quantify the chemical composition of Ge-Sb-Te compounds (from 1 to 200 nm) and ultrathin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS₂, WS₂). Combined WDXRF/XPS analysis was used to determine refined values of composition-dependent relative sensitivity factors for Te4d, Sb4d and Ge3d that allow for XPS-based metrology of PCRAM materials with mastered accuracy. We pointed the need for in-depth study of the significant matrix effects that alter the ability of WDXRF to quantify Nitrogen in Ge-Sb-Te materials: ion beam analysis was carefully investigated as possible input for WDXRF calibration, and a WDXRF protocol was established for inline monitoring of N-doped Ge-Sb-Te films in a specific process window. Finally, we investigated two ways to non-destructively characterize the in-depth chemical distribution in thin chalcogenide films: we demonstrated that the combination of XRF in grazing incidence geometry (GIXRF) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) was able to unambiguously reveal small process differences along with process-induced diffusion in 10 nm-thick stackings. We showed that the use of multilayered substrate instead of silicon allowed fine-tuning of the depth-dependent X-ray standing wave field, resulting in improved sensitivity of XRR/GIXRF strategies. We also developed an angle-resolved XPS protocol for the evaluation of the first deposition steps of GeTe and Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ films, revealing the process-dependent elemental distribution as a function of the film growth. Therefore, in this work we not only elaborated advanced metrology protocols for the development of new chalcogenide films but also metrological solutions for the next technology nodes (28 nm and below), since current in-line metrology tools reach their detection limits
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Rüscher, Claus H., Tapas Debnath, Peter Fielitz, Sven Ohmann, and Günter Borchardt. "18 O/16 O Exchange studies in Bi 2 (Ga x Al 1−x) 4 O 9: oxygen diffusion coefficients estimated from infrared absorption and XRD powder data." Diffusion fundamentals 12 (2010) 50, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13888.

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Ben, Nasr Mahjouba. "Influence de l’environnement cristallin sur les propriétés moléculaires du kétoprofène dans des co-cristaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0275.

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Le kétoprofène est un anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien connu par ses propriétés analgésiques et antipyrétiques. Cependant, il présente une très faible solubilité dans l'eau, ce qui limite sa biodisponibilité. Afin de résoudre ce problème, le principe actif est administré sous forme de sels solubles dans l’eau avec le sodium, la lysine, l’arginine, la N-méthylglucamine et le trométamol. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’apporter pour la première fois la caractérisation structurale des sels de kétoprofène racémique et du S-kétoprofène avec la L-lysine et le trométamol, et de chercher à obtenir la structure cristalline de nouveaux co-cristaux ou sels de kétoprofène, pour analyser la relation structure-propriétés de ces formes solides. Nous avons réussi à faire la croissance cristalline des sels de kétoprofène racémique et de S-kétoprofène avec le trométamol et la L-lysine, ainsi qu’avec l’amine 2-amino-2-méthylpropanol. L’analyse des structures de ces sels a montré qu’ils sont tous formés par des couches anioniques de kétoprofènates entre les quelles s’insèrent les cations grâces aux liaisons hydrogène fortes de type N-H…O et O-H…O. Les cations forment des couches dans les sels avec le trométamol et la L-lysine. Cependant, ils ne sont connectés que par des interactions de Van der Waals dans les sels de 2-amino-2-méthylpropanol. La cohésion des couches anioniques est assurée par des interactions faibles de type C-H…O, C-H…π ou C-H…N. L’étude de l’épaisseur des couches anionique, ainsi que la surface et le volume occupé par un anion kétoprofènate dans une couche montre des variations significatives dans les différents sels. Ces variations peuvent être expliquées par des différences des conformations des anions kétoprofènates. L’étude des paramètres géométriques des anions kétoprofènates dans les sels et ceux des molécules de kétoprofène dans les principes actifs montre que les variations les plus importantes touchent les angles de torsions engageant le groupement carboxylate/acide carboxylique qui interagit avec les molécules/anions voisines par des liaisons hydrogène intermoléculaires courtes et fortement directionnelles. Les interactions dans lesquelles les cycles aromatiques sont engagés sont plutôt faibles, par conséquent les angles de torsions mettant en jeu ces cycles varient peu dans les différentes structures cristallines. Différentes techniques ont été également utilisées pour caractériser les sels : diffraction des rayons X sur poudre, calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), spectroscopie infrarouge (IR), analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG) et résonance magnétique nucléaire à l’état solide (RMN). Les résultats obtenus ont été corrélés aux structures cristallines. Les mesures de solubilité du sel de kétoprofène racémique-trométamol et des deux polymorphes des sels de S-kétoprofène avec le trométamol confirment que ces derniers ont des solubilités très améliorées par rapport aux principes actifs purs
Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug known by its analgesic and antipyretic properties. However, it has a very low water solubility, which limits its bioavailability. To solve this problem, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is administered as a water soluble salt with sodium, lysine, arginine, N-methylglucamine or trometamol. The scope of this thesis is to study, for the first time, the crystal structures of salts of both racemic and S-ketoprofen with L-lysine and trometamol, and to obtain the crystal structure of new ketoprofen co-crystals or salts, in order to analyze the relationship between the structure and the properties of these solid forms. We succeeded to control the crystal growth of the salts of racemic and S-ketoprofen with trometamol and L-lysine, and with 2-amino-2-methyl propanol. The analysis of these salt structures has shown that they are formed by anionic layers of ketoprofenates which are inserted between the cations thanks to strong N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The cations form layers in trometamol and L-lysine salts. However, they are only connected by van der Waals interactions in the salts of 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. The cohesion of the anionic layers is ensured by weak C-H...O, C-H...π or C-H...N interactions. The study of the thickness of anionic layers, as well as that of the surface and the volume occupied by a ketoprofenate anion in each anionic layer, shows significant differences in the salts. These variations may be explained by differences in the conformations of ketoprofenates anions. The study of geometrical parameters of ketoprofenate anions in the salts and those of the ketoprofen molecules in the pure active ingredients shows that the most important changes affect the twisting angles engaging the carboxylate/carboxylic acid that interacts with neighboring molecules/anions by short and highly directional intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The interactions in which the aromatic rings are incurred are rather weak, therefore the twisting angles involving these cycles slightly vary in the different crystal structures. Various techniques have also been used to characterize the salt, such as powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results were correlated with the crystal structures. The solubility measurements of the racemic ketoprofen-trometamol salt and the two polymorphs of S-ketoprofen-trometamol salts confirm that they have greatly improved solubility compared to the pure active ingredients
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ZeRuth, Gary T. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Dioxin-Inducible CYP1A Regulatory Region From Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002447.

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Niu, Pei. "Multi-energy image reconstruction in spectral photon-counting CT." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI022.

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Le scanner CT spectral à comptage de photons (sCT) est apparu récemment comme une nouvelle technique d'imagerie présentant des avantages fondamentaux par rapport au scanner CT classique et au scanner CT à double énergie. Cependant, en raison du nombre réduit de photons dans chaque bande d'énergie du scanner sCT et des artéfacts divers, la reconstruction des images devient particulièrement difficile. Cette thèse se concentre sur la reconstruction d'images multi-énergie en sCT. Tout d'abord, nous proposons d'étudier la capacité du scanner sCT à réaliser simultanément une imagerie anatomique (aCT) et fonctionnelle (fCT) en une seule acquisition par reconstruction et décomposition des matériaux. La fonction aCT du scanner sCT est étudiée dans la même configuration que celle du scanner CT classique, et la fonction fCT du scanner sCT est étudiée en appliquant des algorithmes de décomposition de matériaux aux mêmes données multi-énergie. Ensuite, comme le bruit est un problème particulièrement aigu en raison du nombre largement réduit de photons dans chaque bande d'énergie du scanner sCT, nous introduisons un mécanisme de débruitage dans la reconstruction de l'image pour effectuer simultanément un débruitage et une reconstruction. Enfin, pour améliorer la reconstruction de l'image, nous proposons de reconstruire l'image à une bande d'énergie donnée en exploitant les informations dans toutes les autres bandes d'énergie. La stratégie clé de cette approche consiste à regrouper les pixels similaires issus de la reconstruction de toutes les bandes d'énergie en une seule classe, à les ajuster dans la même classe, à projeter les résultats de l'ajustement dans chaque bande d'énergie, et à débruiter les informations projetées. Elle est utilisée à la fois comme une opération post-débruitage pour démontrer son efficacité et comme un terme de régularisation ou un terme de régularisations combinées pour la réalisation simultanée du débruitage et de la reconstruction. Toutes les méthodes ci-dessus sont évaluées sur des données de simulation et des données réelles provenant d'un scanner sCT préclinique
Spectral photon-counting CT (sCT) appeared recently as a new imaging technique presenting fundamental advantages with respect to conventional CT and duel-energy CT. However, due to the reduced number of photons in each energy bin of sCT and various artifacts, image reconstruction becomes particularly difficult. This thesis focuses on the reconstruction of multi-energy images in sCT. First, we propose to consider the ability of sCT to achieve simultaneously both anatomical (aCT) and functional imaging (fCT) in one single acquisition through reconstruction and material decomposition. aCT function of sCT is studied under the same configuration as that of conventional CT, and fCT function of sCT is investigated by applying material decomposition algorithms to the same acquired multi-energy data. Then, since noise is a particularly acute problem due to the largely reduced number of photons in each energy bin of sCT, we introduce denoising mechanism in the image reconstruction to perform simultaneous reconstruction and denoising. Finally, to improve image reconstruction, we propose to reconstruct the image at a given energy bin by exploiting information in all other energy bins. The key strategy in such approach consists of grouping the similar pixels from the reconstruction of all the energy bins into the same class, fitting within each class, mapping the fitting results into each energy bin, and denoising with the mapped information. It is used both as a post-denoising operation to demonstrate its effectiveness and as a regularization term or a combined regularization term for simultaneous reconstruction and denoising. All the above methods are evaluated on both simulation and real data from a pre-clinical sCT system
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Pelloquin, Sylvain. "LaAlO3 amorphe déposé par épitaxie par jets moléculaires sur silicium comme alternative pour la grille high-κ des transistors CMOS." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694351.

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Depuis l'invention du transistor MOS à effet de champ dans les années 60, l'exploitation de cette brique élémentaire a permis une évolution exponentielle du domaine de la microélectronique, avec une course effrénée vers la miniaturisation des dispositifs électroniques CMOS. Dans ce contexte, l'introduction des oxydes "high-κ" (notamment HfO2) a permis de franchir la barrière sub-nanométrique de l'EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness) pour l'oxyde de grille. Les travaux actuels concernent notamment la recherche de matériaux "high-κ" et de procédés qui permettraient d'avoir une interface abrupte, thermodynamiquement stable avec le silicium, pouvant conduire à des EOTs de l'ordre de 5Å. L'objectif de cette thèse, était d'explorer le potentiel de l'oxyde LaAlO3 amorphe déposé sur silicium par des techniques d'Épitaxie par Jets Moléculaires, en combinant des études sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et électriques de ce système. Le travail de thèse a d'abord consisté à définir des procédures d'élaboration sur Si de couches très minces (≈4nm), robustes et reproductibles, afin de fiabiliser les mesures électriques, puis à optimiser la qualité électrique des hétérostructures en ajustant les paramètres de dépôt à partir de corrélations entre résultats électriques et propriétés physico-chimiques (densité, stœchiométrie, environnement chimique...) et enfin à valider un procédé d'intégration du matériau dans la réalisation de MOSFET. La stabilité et la reproductibilité des mesures ont été atteintes grâce à une préparation de surface du substrat adaptée et grâce à l'introduction d'oxygène atomique pendant le dépôt de LaAlO3, permettant ainsi une homogénéisation des couches et une réduction des courants de fuite. Après optimisation des paramètres de dépôt, les meilleures structures présentent des EOTs de 8-9Å, une constante diélectrique de 16 et des courants de fuite de l'ordre de 10-2A/cm². Les caractérisations physico-chimiques fines des couches par XPS ont révélé des inhomogénéités de composition qui peuvent expliquer que le κ mesuré soit inférieur aux valeurs de LaAlO3 cristallin (20-25). Bien que les interfaces LAO/Si soient abruptes après le dépôt et que LaAlO3 soit thermodynamiquement stable vis-à-vis du silicium, le système LAO amorphe /Si s'est révélé instable pour des recuits post-dépôt effectués à des températures supérieures à 700°C. Un procédé de fabrication de MOSFETs aux dimensions relâchées a été défini pour tester les filières high-κ. Les premières étapes du procédé ont été validées pour LaAlO3.
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Books on the topic "XRN-2"

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Skupio, Rafał. Zastosowanie nieinwazyjnych pomiarów rdzeni wiertniczych do zwiększenia informacji na temat parametrów skał zbiornikowych. Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/pn2022.237.

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The research carried out in the monograph aimed to create a measurement and interpretation system which is to obtain reliable results of well logging with the accuracy of laboratory measurements. Continuous core measurements allow for the generation of logging results without the impact of the borehole and facilitate the depth matching of the core to well log data. Four main chapters can be distinguished in this work: research methodology with a description of the devices used; partial results of core measurements made on various types of rocks; a proposal for a research system, and comprehensive data interpretation for selected boreholes. The methodological part concerned the description of the equipment for continuous measurements of cores in the field of natural gamma radioactivity (K, U, Th) with the application for bulk density measurements using the gamma-gamma method, X-ray fl uorescence spectrometers (XRF) for measuring the chemical composition of rocks and computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the core structure as well as determination of radiological density in Hounsfi eld units (HU). Rock studies were carried out on material representing formations of diff erent lithologies, such as shales, sandstones, limestones, dolomites, anhydrite, siltstones and heterolithic sandstone-siltstone-claystone complexes. The results of measurements made using individual methods have been described in detail and compared with the results of laboratory measurements and well logging data. Test measurements with data processing and interpretation were made on the cores from five boreholes (T-1, O-4, Pt-1, L-7, P-5H), whereas a comprehensive interpretation of the results was carried out for three other boreholes (J-1, P-4, T-2). The new methodology of spectral gamma measurements made it possible to obtain precise concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks with high and low radioactivity. The results made it possible to standardise the archival gamma-ray logs made with the Russian-type probes from imp/min to API standard units and to obtain data on the content of K, U, and Th in the core intervals. Using the Cs-137 source in the device for the gamma equipment made it possible to carry out measurements of the bulk density in g/cm3 units. The lithological interpretation based on XRF measurements and mineralogical-chemical models allowed to obtain logs with increased resolution and a more signifi cant number of minerals than was the case with the interpretation of the well logging. In addition, it has been shown that the XRF measurement methodology can be used during the geosteering procedure. The results of the core tests using the CT computed tomography method were presented in combined images and continuous curves of density in HU units. The experience and the presentation of the full scope of measurement and interpretation workflow allowed to propose a procedure for conducting a full range of analyses, considering various types of material provided for research. The procedure considers the full range of analyses as well as the measurements of selected parameters depending on the client’s needs. Keywords: petrophysics, core analyses, XRF spectrometry, computed tomography, gamma profiling, lithological interpretation
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McDermott, Daniel. IPHONE XR USER MANUAL: A Quick and Easy Guide to Master IPhone XR, IOS 12 and the New IOS 13 in 2 Hours. Independently Published, 2019.

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Araújo, Ana Cláudia Vaz de. Síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e nanocompósitos com polianilina. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-120-2.

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In this work magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the precipitation method from an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution under ultrasound. A 23 factorial design in duplicate was carried out to determine the best synthesis conditions and to obtain the smallest crystallite sizes. Selected conditions were ultrasound frequency of 593 kHz for 40 min in 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH medium. Average crystallite sizes were of the order of 25 nm. The phase obtained was identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as magnetite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polydisperse particles with dimensions around 57 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed average particle diameters around 29 nm, in the same order of magnitude of the crystallite size determined with Scherrer’s equation. These magnetic nanoparticles were used to obtain nanocomposites with polyaniline (PAni). The material was prepared under exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) or under heating, from dispersions of the nanoparticles in an acidic solution of aniline. Unlike other synthetic routes reported elsewhere, this new route does not utilize any additional oxidizing agent. XRD analysis showed the appearance of a second crystalline phase in all the PAni-Fe3O4 composites, which was indexed as goethite. Furthermore, the crystallite size decreases nearly 50 % with the increase in the synthesis time. This size decrease suggests that the nanoparticles are consumed during the synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the amount of polyaniline increases with synthesis time. The nanocomposite electric conductivity was around 10-5 S cm-1, nearly one order of magnitude higher than for pure magnetite. Conductivity varied with the amount of PAni in the system, suggesting that the electric properties of the nanocomposites can be tuned according to their composition. Under an external magnetic field the nanocomposites showed hysteresis behavior at room temperature, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials. Saturation magnetization (MS) for pure magnetite was ~ 74 emu g-1. For the PAni-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, MS ranged from ~ 2 to 70 emu g-1, depending on the synthesis conditions. This suggests that composition can also be used to control the magnetic properties of the material.
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Stone, Matthew. IPhone XR-XS: 2 in 1, the Complete Handy Guide to Use Your New IPhone to Its Fullest. Independently Published, 2019.

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Hall, James James. Seneo Wireless Charger, 3 in 1 Wireless Charging: Station for Apple Watch, AirPods Pro/2, Detachable and Magnetic Wireless Charging Stand for IPhone 11 Pro Max/X/XS/XR/8Plus. Independently Published, 2020.

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Hall, James James. Seneo Wireless Charger, 3 in 1 Wireless Charging: Station for Apple Watch, AirPods Pro/2, Detachable and Magnetic Wireless Charging Stand for IPhone 11 Pro Max/X/XS/XR/8Plus. Independently Published, 2020.

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Buffett, Jeff. IPhone 11 User Guide - How to Backup and Transfer Data from IPhone X & IPhone XR to IPhone 11 in 2 Minutes: IPhone 11 User Manual for Beginners - How to Transfer Data from IPhone X to IPhone 11. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "XRN-2"

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Madariaga, Juan Manuel. "CHAPTER 2. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Techniques." In Detection Science, 23–44. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015974-00023.

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Yang, Chuan-zheng, Yuwan Lou, Jian Zhang, Xiaohua Xie, and Baojia Xia. "XRD Characterization of Active Material β-Ni(OH)2 and AB5 Alloy." In Materials and Working Mechanisms of Secondary Batteries, 61–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5955-4_3.

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Green, D. D., Pezzotti G, Sakakura S, M. Ries, and I. C. Clarke. "2 and 10 Year Retrievals of Zirconia Femoral Heads- XRD, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy Studies." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 133–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406069.ch14.

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Boulares, N., K. Guergouri, N. Tabet, A. Lusson, F. Sibieude, and Claude J. A. Monty. "XRD and Photoluminescence Studies of Pure and In2O3 Doped ZnO Nanophases." In Materials Science Forum, 393–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-962-8.393.

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Fujishima, M., M. Yamauchi, R. Ikeda, T. Kubo, K. Nakasuji, and H. Kitagawa. "Powder XRD and Solid-State 2H-NMR Studies on RAP-Protected Palladium Nanoparticle (RAP = Rubeanic-Acid Polymer)." In Solid State Phenomena, 107–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-18-3.107.

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Masaki, N. M., H. Otobe, A. Nakamura, N. R. D. Guillermo, Y. Izumiyama, D. Harada, and Y. Hinatsu. "151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic and XRD study on some fluorite-type solid solution systems, EuyM1−yO2−y/2 (M=Zr, Hf, Ce)." In Hyperfine Interactions (C), 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0281-3_76.

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Kim, Chang Soo, Tae Kyoung Koo, and Young Dae Choi. "Observation of an Interlayer in a Nano-Scale SiO2 Layer on Si Substrate by X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) Analysis." In Solid State Phenomena, 1689–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.1689.

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Izuho, Masami, Jeffrey R. Ferguson, Noriyoshi Oda, Yuichi Nakazawa, Fumito Akai, and Toshiro Yamahara. "Temporal Changes in the Obsidian Procurement and Reduction Strategy at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Minamimachi-2, Hokkaido (Japan): An approach by XRF." In Forgotten times and spaces: New perspectives in paleoanthropological, paleoetnological and archeological studies., 258–90. Brno: Masaryk university, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-7781-2015-20.

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"2. XRF technique." In Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage, 31–62. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110457537-002.

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Mishriky, Basem, Doyle Cummings, and Carlos Mendez. "Case 41: Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1RA) in an Individual With Type 2 Diabetes on High-Dose Insulin Therapy." In Diabetes In Practice: Case Studies with Commentary, 171–74. American Diabetes Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/9781580407663.41.

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The patient is a 55-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), and class III obesity who was evaluated in the diabetes clinic. His diabetes regimen included metformin XR 2 g daily, insulin glargine 80 units daily, and insulin lispro 40 units before meals.
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Conference papers on the topic "XRN-2"

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Kane, Sanjeev R., C. K. Garg, A. K. Sinha, R. Garrett, I. Gentle, K. Nugent, and S. Wilkins. "Data acquisition and control software for XRD beamline at Indus-2." In SRI 2009, 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3463301.

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Joshi, Rajesh A., Vidya S. Taur, Anil V. Ghule, Ramphal Sharma, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "SHI Induced Modifications in CdS∕CuInSe[sub 2] Thin Film: XRD Analysis." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606024.

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Tiwari, M. K., P. Gupta, A. K. Sinha, C. K. Garg, A. K. Singh, S. R. Kane, S. R. Garg, and G. S. Lodha. "Commissioning of a microprobe-XRF beamline (BL-16) on Indus-2 synchrotron source." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: Proceedings of the 56th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4710097.

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Sornadurai, D., Roberta L. Flemming, V. S. Sastry, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Conventional and Micro-XRD Study of a New Ternary Zirconium, Titanium, Aluminum Alloy—Zr[sub 2]TiAl." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606328.

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Arimoto, Makoto, Nobuyuki Kawai, Motoko Suzuki, Rie Sato, Nicolas Vasquez Pazmino, Takashi Shimokawabe, Takuto Ishimura, et al. "HETE-2 observation of the evidence of a long acting engine in the extremely soft XRF 040916." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007: Proceedings of the Santa Fe Conference. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2943477.

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Meena, M., R. Divya, B. Joshua Steve Abishek, K. Senthil Kannan, R. Marudhachalam, M. Vimalan, M. Gulam Mohamed, and R. Krishnaveni. "Growth, computational-structure, XRD data and biological studies of 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium 4-hydroxybenzoate (AMPHB) crystals." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108268.

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"Laboratory XRF measurements using Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer of Chandrayaan-2 rover: Comparison with Geant4 simulation results." In 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829708.

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Castoldi, A., C. Guazzoni, G. V. Montemurro, C. Liu, N. Zorzi, I. Rashevskaya, A. Rachevski, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, and N. Zampa. "2-D mapping of the response of SDD cells of different shape in monolithic arrays for XRF spectroscopy." In 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069826.

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Ammar, Marwa, Walid Oueslati, Hafsia Ben Rheim, and Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara. "Hydration performance of dioctahedral smectite saturated with Ba2+ and Cs+ cations: Quantitative XRD investigation." In 2014 International Conference on Composite Materials & Renewable Energy Applications (ICCMREA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmrea.2014.6843805.

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Gugule, Sanusi, Deitje Adolfien Katuuk, Feti Fatimah, and Chaleb Paul Maanari. "Characterization of Calcined Lobong Limestone." In Unima International Conference on Science and Technology 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-67y2nb.

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This study aims to produce and characterize CaO (calcium oxide) from limestone, a natural product of Lobong Village. Calcination is the thermal decomposition of limestone to remove carbon so that it can produce calcium oxide. One of the functions of CaO is as an eco-friendly catalyst that does not produce toxic or hazardous waste and can be reused. CaO resulting from the calcination process at a temperature of 900°C for 1.5 h was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and EDS. XRD analysis of calcined limestone produced 2θ (h k l) diffraction peaks, namely 32.228o (1 1 1), 37.389o (2 0 0), 53.864o (2 2 0), 64.169o (3 1 1), and 67.404o (2 2 2) which indicates the dominance of CaO. SEM analysis shows that the morphological structure of Lobong limestone after calcination is more porous than before. Studies by FTIR show that the chemical bonds of carbonate groups in the calcined limestone are decreasing. EDS analysis also shows that the mapping of carbon, which forms carbonates in calcined limestone, is decreasing.
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Reports on the topic "XRN-2"

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Reardon, B. J., and C. R. Hubbard. A comprehensive review of the XRD data of the primary and secondary phases present in the BSCCO superconductor system. Part 2, Ca-Sr-Pb oxides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132493.

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Huang, R., Q. Wu, H. Asaeda, and G. Zorn. RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific Information (PSI) Independent Decodability Statistics Metrics Reporting. RFC Editor, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6990.

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Knight, R. D., and B. A. Kjarsgaard. Comparative pXRF and Lab ICP-ES/MS methods for mineral resource assessment, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331239.

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The Geological Survey of Canada undertook a mineral resource assessment for a proposed national park in northern Canada (~ 33,500 km2) spanning the transition from boreal forest to barren lands tundra. Bedrock geology of this region is complex and includes the Archean Slave Craton, the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Rae domain of the Churchill Province, the Paleoproterozoic Thelon and Taltson magmatic-tectonic zones, and the Paleoproterozoic East Arm sedimentary basin. The area has variable mineral potential for lode gold, kimberlite-hosted diamonds, VMS, vein uranium and copper, SEDEX, as well as other deposit types. A comparison of analytical methods was carried out after processing the field collected samples to acquire both the &amp;lt; 2 mm and for the &amp;lt; 0.063 mm size fractions for 241 surficial sediment (till) samples, collected using a 10 x 10 km grid. Analytical methods comprised: 1) aqua regia followed by ICP-MS analysis, 2) 4-acid hot dissolution followed by ICP-ES/MS analysis, 3) lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion methods followed by ICP-ES for major elements and ICP-MS for trace elements and, 4) portable XRF on dried, non-sieved sediment samples subjected to a granular segregation processing technique (to produce a clay-silt proxy) for seventeen elements (Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr) Results indicate that pXRF data do not replicate exactly the laboratory 4-acid and fusion data (in terms of precision and accuracy), but the relationship between the datasets is systematic as displayed in x-y scattergrams. Interpolated single element plots indicate that till samples with anomalies of high and low pXRF concentration levels are synonymous with high and low laboratory-based analytical concentration levels, respectively. The pXRF interpolations thus illustrate the regional geochemical trends, and most importantly, the significant geochemical anomalies in the surficial samples. These results indicate that pXRF spectrometry for a subset of elements is comparable to traditional laboratory methods. pXRF spectrometry also provides the benefit of rapid analysis and data acquisition that has a direct influence on real time sampling designs. This information facilitates efficient and cost-effective field projects (i.e. where used to identify regions of interest for high density sampling), and to prioritize samples to be analyzed using traditional geochemical methods. These tactics should increase the efficiency and success of a mineral exploration and/or environmental sampling programs.
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Bourdeau, J. E., and R. D. Dyer. Regional-scale lake-sediment sampling and analytical protocols with examples from the Geological Survey of Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331911.

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Regional-scale lake sediment surveys have been successfully used since the 1970s as a means for reconnaissance geochemical exploration. Lake sediment sampling is typically performed in areas with a lack of streams and an overabundance of small-sized (=5 km across) lakes. Lake sediments are known to have major, minor and trace element concentrations that reflect the local geology. Overall, lake sediment surveys are planned and conducted following four distinct stages: 1) background research, 2) orientation survey, 3) regional survey, and 4) detailed survey. At the Geological Survey of Canada, samples are usually collected from a helicopter with floats. Sample density ranges from 1 sample per 6 - 13 km2. Samples are collected from the centre of the lake using a gravity torpedo sampler which corresponds to a hollow-pipe, butterfly bottom-valved sampler attached by a rope to the helicopter. Collected sediment samples are then placed in labelled bags and left to air dry. Detailed field notes and additional samples (field duplicates), for the purpose of an adequate quality assurance and quality control program, are also taken. Samples are then milled and sent to analytical laboratories for element determination. Commonly used analytical methods include: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and/or determination of volatile compounds and organic carbon using Loss on Ignition (LOI). Analytical data is first evaluated for quality (contamination, accuracy and precision). Numerous options for the analysis of lake sediment data exist, ranging from simple basic element concentration maps and statistical graphical displays together with summary statistics, to employing multivariate methodologies, and, more recently, using machine learning algorithms. By adopting the set of guidelines and examples presented in this manual, scientific researchers, exploration geologists, geochemists and citizen scientists will be able to directly compare lake sediment datasets from anywhere in Canada.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Caritat, P. de, and U. Troitzsch. Towards a regolith mineralogy map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian region. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.035.

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Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived sample material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep-dive’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk samples (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the <2 µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk sample. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, amphibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each sample, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.
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