Journal articles: 'XP'

1

Cowham, R. "To XP or not to XP?" ITNOW 47, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwi030.

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Fischer, R., M. Uhl, and H. Vonach. "Nb93(n,xp),Agnat(n,xp), andInnat(n,xp) reactions at 14.1 MeV." Physical Review C 37, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.37.578.

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3

Sonia, Archana Singhal, and Hema Banati. "FISA-XP." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 39, no. 3 (June 4, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2597716.2597728.

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4

Litts, Thom, and Jeff Kopaska. "RIP XP." Fisheries 39, no. 4 (April 3, 2014): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.893871.

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5

Lee, Jeeyun, Do Hoon Lim, Sung Kim, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, et al. "Phase III Trial Comparing Capecitabine Plus Cisplatin Versus Capecitabine Plus Cisplatin With Concurrent Capecitabine Radiotherapy in Completely Resected Gastric Cancer With D2 Lymph Node Dissection: The ARTIST Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 3 (January 20, 2012): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.39.1953.

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Purpose The ARTIST (Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in Stomach Cancer) trial was the first study to our knowledge to investigate the role of postoperative chemoradiotherapy therapy in patients with curatively resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection. This trial was designed to compare postoperative treatment with capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) versus XP plus radiotherapy with capecitabine (XP/XRT/XP). Patients and Methods The XP arm received six cycles of XP (capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 14 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks) chemotherapy. The XP/XRT/XP arm received two cycles of XP followed by 45-Gy XRT (capecitabine 1,650 mg/m2 per day for 5 weeks) and two cycles of XP. Results Of 458 patients, 228 were randomly assigned to the XP arm and 230 to the XP/XRT/XP arm. Treatment was completed as planned by 75.4% of patients (172 of 228) in the XP arm and 81.7% (188 of 230) in the XP/XRT/XP arm. Overall, the addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly prolong disease-free survival (DFS; P = .0862). However, in the subgroup of patients with pathologic lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery (n = 396), patients randomly assigned to the XP/XRT/XP arm experienced superior DFS when compared with those who received XP alone (P = .0365), and the statistical significance was retained at multivariate analysis (estimated hazard ratio, 0.6865; 95% CI, 0.4735 to 0.9952; P = .0471). Conclusion The addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly reduce recurrence after curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection in gastric cancer. A subsequent trial (ARTIST-II) in patients with lymph node–positive gastric cancer is planned.

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Fassihi, Hiva, Mieran Sethi, Heather Fawcett, Jonathan Wing, Natalie Chandler, Shehla Mohammed, Emma Craythorne, et al. "Deep phenotyping of 89 xeroderma pigmentosum patients reveals unexpected heterogeneity dependent on the precise molecular defect." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 9 (February 16, 2016): E1236—E1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519444113.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare DNA repair disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to UV radiation (UVR)-induced skin pigmentation, skin cancers, ocular surface disease, and, in some patients, sunburn and neurological degeneration. Genetically, it is assigned to eight complementation groups (XP-A to -G and variant). For the last 5 y, the UK national multidisciplinary XP service has provided follow-up for 89 XP patients, representing most of the XP patients in the United Kingdom. Causative mutations, DNA repair levels, and more than 60 clinical variables relating to dermatology, ophthalmology, and neurology have been measured, using scoring systems to categorize disease severity. This deep phenotyping has revealed unanticipated heterogeneity of clinical features, between and within complementation groups. Skin cancer is most common in XP-C, XP-E, and XP-V patients, previously considered to be the milder groups based on cellular analyses. These patients have normal sunburn reactions and are therefore diagnosed later and are less likely to adhere to UVR protection. XP-C patients are specifically hypersensitive to ocular damage, and XP-F and XP-G patients appear to be much less susceptible to skin cancer than other XP groups. Within XP groups, different mutations confer susceptibility or resistance to neurological damage. Our findings on this large cohort of XP patients under long-term follow-up reveal that XP is more heterogeneous than has previously been appreciated. Our data now enable provision of personalized prognostic information and management advice for each XP patient, as well as providing new insights into the functions of the XP proteins.

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Ivorra, Wilfrid. "Sur les équations xp+2βyp= z2et xp+2βyp= 2z2." Acta Arithmetica 108, no. 4 (2003): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa108-4-3.

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Kunwar, Sundar. "Enabling and Limiting factors in eXtreme Programming (XP) with Evaluation Framework." SCITECH Nepal 14, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scitech.v14i1.25534.

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As agile software development methodologies are used in many domains and come with different shapes and sizes, it is one of the complex human endeavors. Extreme Programming (XP) is one of the well-known agile software development methodologies and is driven by a set of values including simplicity, communication, feedback and courage, but lacks the mechanism to measure these values demanding the evaluation framework to make it measurable and attainable. The main aim of this study is to build the software process improvement model that can be used for evaluating XP values and practices. The proposed XP evaluation framework in this study is XP focused and evaluates the XP project, product and practices. The XP evaluation framework is a collection of some new and validated metrics used for evaluating XP projects, XP practices, XP products and some additional factors concerned with XP. The evaluation framework for extreme programming is basically based on the assessment and evaluation of various project characteristics, extreme programming characteristics, product characteristics and other additional characteristics. The metrics used for assessments and evaluations of XP are designed to be simple, precise, understandable, economical, timely, consistent, accountable, unambiguous, suitable and reliable.

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RapićOtrin, Vesna, Isao Kuraoka, Tiziana Nardo, Mary McLenigan, A. P. M. Eker, Miria Stefanini, Arthur S. Levine, and Richard D. Wood. "Relationship of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group E DNA Repair Defect to the Chromatin and DNA Binding Proteins UV-DDB and Replication Protein A." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 3182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.6.3182.

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ABSTRACT Cells from complementation groups A through G of the heritable sun-sensitive disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) show defects in nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA. Proteins representing groups A, B, C, D, F, and G are subunits of the core recognition and incision machinery of repair. XP group E (XP-E) is the mildest form of the disorder, and cells generally show about 50% of the normal repair level. We investigated two protein factors previously implicated in the XP-E defect, UV-damaged DNA binding protein (UV-DDB) and replication protein A (RPA). Three newly identified XP-E cell lines (XP23PV, XP25PV, and a line formerly classified as an XP variant) were defective in UV-DDB binding activity but had levels of RPA in the normal range. The XP-E cell extracts did not display a significant nucleotide excision repair defect in vitro, with either UV-irradiated DNA or a uniquely placed cisplatin lesion used as a substrate. Purified UV-DDB protein did not stimulate repair of naked DNA by DDB− XP-E cell extracts, but microinjection of the protein into DDB−XP-E cells could partially correct the repair defect. RPA stimulated repair in normal, XP-E, or complemented extracts from other XP groups, and so the effect of RPA was not specific for XP-E cell extracts. These data strengthen the connection between XP-E and UV-DDB. Coupled with previous results, the findings suggest that UV-DDB has a role in the repair of DNA in chromatin.

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Stanojevic, Jelena. "On estimation of high quantiles for certain classes of distributions." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 25, no. 2 (2015): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor130606013s.

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We investigate the rate of convergence of the direct-simulation estimator ? ?xp(n) of a large quantile xp of the Pareto and Gamma distributions. The upper bound of the probability P{|?xp(n)- xp|>? is determined.

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Maxmen, Amy. "XP mutant power!" Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 13 (November 30, 2009): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20613iti2.

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Suman, AHM Khairul Imam, Khadija Begum, Kaniz Rahman, Abu Mohammed Talukder, SM Matiur Rahman, Md Akmat Ali, Nusrath Jahan Hoque, and Mohammad Morshad Alam. "Association of Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i4.45271.

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Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is the most common cutaneous xanthoma occurs over or surrounding the eyelids in yellowish color and various shapes. The objective of this study was to describe the status of cardiovascular disease risk factors in XP patients and determine their association with XP. A case-control study was conducted among 81 cases (have XP) and 81 controls (no XP) among patients attended for cardiac check-up between January 2019 to July 2019 at Ad-Din Women's Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among 162 subjects were interviewed in our study, majority were female (62.3%). XP were found more prevalent among female and several cardiac risk factors were significantly associated with XP. The chi-square analysis indicates gender (p=0.035), BMI (p=0.01), Angina history (p=0.008), and serum LDL (p=0.024) were significantly associated with presence of XP. A higher percentage of patients with high total serum cholesterol, TG levels, and LDL was observed in patients with XP in compared to control group. Our study reveals an increased presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with xanthelasma. Moreover, a statistically significant association of gender, BMI, angina history, and serum LDL with XP were observed. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(4): 324-329

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Vaz-Garcia, Eduarda Santiago, Victor Talarico Leal Vieira, Natasha Pereira da Silva Ferreira Petitet, Edson Jorge Lima Moreira, Hélio Pereira Lopes, Carlos Nelson Elias, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, and Henrique dos Santos Antunes. "Mechanical Properties of Anatomic Finishing Files: XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Clean." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 2 (March 2018): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801903.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue of two anatomic finishing files: XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Clean. Roughness pattern and the micro-hardness of the files were also assessed. Instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue resistance measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless-steel canal with a 60° angle and a 5-mm radius of curvature. The fracture surface of all fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The roughness of the working parts was quantified by using a profilometer and the micro-hardness test was carried out using a Vickers hardness tester. Results were statistically analyzed using a student´s t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05. Weibull analysis was also performed. XP-Endo Finisher presented significantly longer cyclic fatigue life than XP-Clean instruments (P<0.05). XP-Endo Finisher was able to withstand 1000% more cycles to fracture when compared to XP-Clean instruments. SEM visual inspection of the fracture surfaces revealed fractographic characteristics of ductile fracture in all tested instruments; wide-ranging forms of dimples were identified and no plastic deformation in the helical shaft of the fractured instruments was observed. When mean life was compared XP-Endo Finisher lasted longer than XP-Clean with a probability of 99.9%. XP-Endo Finisher instruments also exhibited significantly lower roughness than XP-Clean instruments (P<0.05). No differences in the micro-hardness was observed between the files (P>0.05). It can be concluded that XP-Endo Finisher instruments showed improved performance when compared with XP-Clean instruments, demonstrating higher cyclic fatigue resistance and lower roughness.

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Webster, Mark A., Benjamin J. Brown, and Stephen D. Bartlett. "The XP Stabiliser Formalism: a Generalisation of the Pauli Stabiliser Formalism with Arbitrary Phases." Quantum 6 (September 22, 2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-22-815.

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We propose an extension to the Pauli stabiliser formalism that includes fractional 2π/N rotations around the Z axis for some integer N. The resulting generalised stabiliser formalism – denoted the XP stabiliser formalism – allows for a wider range of states and codespaces to be represented. We describe the states which arise in the formalism, and demonstrate an equivalence between XP stabiliser states and 'weighted hypergraph states' – a generalisation of both hypergraph and weighted graph states. Given an arbitrary set of XP operators, we present algorithms for determining the codespace and logical operators for an XP code. Finally, we consider whether measurements of XP operators on XP codes can be classically simulated.

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Kim, Young Geun, Jae Wook Oh, Keun Cheol Lee, and Sung Ho Yoon. "Clinical association between serum cholesterol level and the size of xanthelasma palpebrarum." Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2022.00185.

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Background: Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a benign periorbital lesion. The relationship between xanthelasma lesion size and serum cholesterol levels has been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated this relationship in the context of the clinical etiology of XP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and pathology reports of all patients treated for XP at our hospital between June 2014 and June 2021; the data were used to analyze lesion size, underlying disease, serum cholesterol, and disease recurrence.Results: The mean values for patient age, serum cholesterol, and lesion size were 53.0 years, 235.0 mg/dL, and 69.2 mm2, respectively. XP mainly occurred in women (64.7%); furthermore, the incidence of XP and lesion size was greatest among patients in their 5th decade of life (41.2%). There was no statistically significant relationship between xanthelasma lesion size and serum cholesterol level.Conclusion: This study compared lesion size with various clinical features in XP patients. In patients who underwent surgery for XP, serum cholesterol levels tended to be higher than those in the general population. However, the trend between the size of XP and serum cholesterol level was unclear. Therefore, if a patient with XP visits the hospital for surgery, it is recommended to check the lipid profile to confirm underlying dyslipidemia regardless of the size.

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Price, Vera H. "Trichothiodystrophy: Current Concepts." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 1, no. 1 (July 1996): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549600100113.

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Background: Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder in which the hair identifies a group of genetic disorders with deficient high-sulfur matrix proteins, and a defect in excision repair of ultraviolet damage in fibroblasts of most patients. TTD patients may be grouped as follows: (1) the major group with defects in the excision repair cross-complementing gene ERCC2, the gene for xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XP-D); (2) those with defects in ERCC3, the gene for XP-B; and (3) those with a repair defect distinct from those in XP-D and XP-B. In contrast to XP patients, TTD patients have no increased frequency of skin cancers. Objective: The article explains the relationship of TTD and XP and helps clarify why TTD patients with defects in the same gene(s) as those with XP do not have increased skin cancers. Methods: Methods include biochemical studies, mutational analysis, and genomic sequence analysis of cell lines from skin biopsies of TTD and XP patients. Results: The ERCC2 gene is a component of the TFIIH complex which controls two distinct DNA-metabolizing processes, transcription initiation and nucleotide excision repair. Conclusion: In TTD, the major defect is in transcription initiation, whereas in XP-D, DNA repair is primarily altered.

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Phillies, George David Joseph. "Simulational Tests of the Rouse Model." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122615.

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An extensive review of literature simulations of quiescent polymer melts is given, considering results that test aspects of the Rouse model in the melt. We focus on Rouse model predictions for the mean-square amplitudes ⟨(Xp(0))2⟩ and time correlation functions ⟨Xp(0)Xp(t)⟩ of the Rouse mode Xp(t). The simulations conclusively demonstrate that the Rouse model is invalid in polymer melts. In particular, and contrary to the Rouse model, (i) mean-square Rouse mode amplitudes ⟨(Xp(0))2⟩ do not scale as sin−2(pπ/2N), N being the number of beads in the polymer. For small p (say, p≤3) ⟨(Xp(0))2⟩ scales with p as p−2; for larger p, it scales as p−3. (ii) Rouse mode time correlation functions ⟨Xp(t)Xp(0)⟩ do not decay with time as exponentials; they instead decay as stretched exponentials exp(−αtβ). β depends on p, typically with a minimum near N/2 or N/4. (iii) Polymer bead displacements are not described by independent Gaussian random processes. (iv) For p≠q, ⟨Xp(t)Xq(0)⟩ is sometimes non-zero. (v) The response of a polymer coil to a shear flow is a rotation, not the affine deformation predicted by Rouse. We also briefly consider the Kirkwood–Riseman polymer model.

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Miao, Junjie, Changchun Chai, Wei Zhang, Yanxing Song, and Yintang Yang. "First-Principles Study on Structural, Mechanical, Anisotropic, Electronic and Thermal Properties of III-Phosphides: XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) in the P6422 Phase." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030686.

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The structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties, as well as the stability and elastic anisotropy, of XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) in the P6422 phase were studied via density functional theory (DFT) in this work. P6422-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) are dynamically and thermodynamically stable via phonon spectra and enthalpy. At 0 GPa, P6422-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) are more rigid than F 4 ¯ 3 m-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In), of which P6422-XP (X = Al or Ga) are brittle and P6422-InP is ductile. In the same plane (except for (001)-plane), P6422-AlP and P6422-InP exhibit the smallest and the largest anisotropy, respectively, and P6422-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) is isotropic in the (001)-plane. In addition, Al, Ga, In, and P bonds bring different electrical properties: P6422-InP exhibits a direct band gap (0.42 eV) with potential application for an infrared detector, whereas P6422-XP (X = Al or Ga) exhibit indirect band gap (1.55 eV and 0.86 eV). At high temperature (approaching the melting point), the theoretical minimum thermal conductivities of P6422-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) are AlP (1.338 W∙m−1∙K−1) > GaP (1.058 W∙m−1∙K−1) > InP (0.669 W∙m−1∙K−1), and are larger than those of F 4 ¯ 3 m-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In). Thus, P6422-XP (X = Al, Ga, or In) have high potential application at high temperature.

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Lee, J., W. Kang, D. Lim, J. Park, Y. Park, H. Lim, T. Sohn, J. Noh, J. Bae, and S. Kim. "Phase III trial of adjuvant capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) versus capecitabine/cisplatin/RT (XPRT) in resected gastric cancer with D2 nodal dissection (ARTIST trial): Safety analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 4537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4537.

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4537 Background: Although the adjuvant chemoradiation therapy has gained popularity and has become the standard of care in patients with resected gastric cancer in U.S., the role of chemoradiation therapy after extended D2 dissection has been questioned. We conducted a phase III trial to compare capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) vs XP + radiotherapy (RT) in curatively D2 resected gastric cancer patients in terms of disease free survival and overall survival. Methods: Eligibility criteria were as follows: stage Ib (T1N1, T2bN0) - IV (M1 excluded), curatively ≥ D2 resected gastric adenocarcinoma. XP only: X 2,000 mg/m2/d D1∼14, CDDP 60 mg/m2 D1 repeated every 3 weeks, 6 cycles; XP + RT: X 2,000 mg/m2/d D1∼14, CDDP 60 mg/m2 D1 x 2 cycles ⋄ RT 45 Gy (25 fractions) + X 1,650 mg/m2/d during RT ⋄ X 2,000 mg/m2/d D1∼14, CDDP 60 mg/m2 D1 x 2 cycles. The primary endpoint is 3-year disease-free survival. Results: From October 2004 to April 2008, 458 patients (XP arm: 228 patients; XP/RT arm: 230 patients) were enrolled. In XP arm, 172 (75%) of 228 enrolled patients completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy. In XP + RT arm, 188 (82%) of 230 patients completed the full course of XP 2 cycles - X + RT - XP 2 cycles. Conclusions: Safety and feasibility analysis of the two arms will be reported at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Fernández-Sánchez, Javier. "Against a clausal ellipsis account of all stripping strings in Spanish." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0003.

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Abstract Stripping is a phenomenon whereby a full clause is coordinated with a phrase (XP) and an adverb, typically NEG(ation) (e.g. John read Hamlet but not Othello). As noted previously in the literature (e.g. Bosque 1984), while in English NEG must precede XP, Spanish allows the reverse order as well (XP-NEG). This paper examines these two strings (i.e. XP-NEG and NEG-XP) in Spanish and compares them with respect to a number of properties. The major goal of this paper is to show that, despite the appearances, the two strings constitute radically distinct phenomena. Analytically, I defend, in line with many others, that XP-NEG involves sentential coordination and clausal ellipsis (Depiante 2000; Vicente 2006, a.o.). With respect to NEG-XP, I contend that it involves constituent negation, constituent coordination and no ellipsis at all. This paper thus provides novel data and arguments which support the view originally proposed in Bosque (1984).

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Sarasin, Alain. "The French Cohort of DNA Repair-Deficient Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients: Risk of Hematological Malignancies." Cancers 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102706.

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Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a high incidence of skin cancers. These patients are deficient in nucleotide excision repair caused by mutations in one of the 7 XP genes. Methods: We diagnosed 181 XP patients using UV-induced DNA repair measurements and/or DNA sequencing from 1982 to 2022 in France. Results: As all XP patients, the French ones are very sensitive to UV exposure but since they are usually very well protected, they develop relatively few skin cancers. A majority of French XP patients originate from North Africa and bear a founder mutation on the XPC gene. The striking discovery is that these patients are at a very high risk to develop aggressive and lethal internal tumors such as hematological malignancies (more than a 100-fold risk compared to the general population for myelodysplasia/leukemia) with a median age of death of 25 years, and brain, gynecological, and thyroid tumors with even lower median ages of death. The high mutation rates found in XP-C internal tumors allow us to think that these XP patients could be successfully treated by immunotherapies. A full analysis of the molecular origins of these DNA repair-deficient tumors is discussed. Several explanations for this high predisposition risk are proposed. Conclusions: As the age of the XP population is increasing due to better photo-protection, the risk of lethal internal tumors is a new Damocles sword that hangs over XP-C patients. This review of the French cohort is of particular importance for alerting physicians and families to the prevention and early detection of aggressive internal tumors in XP patients.

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Rana, MS, MM Rahman, UK Rima, and NS Juyena. "General anaesthesia of indigenous pigs in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Veterinarian 30, no. 2 (March 6, 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18254.

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Anaesthetic trials were conducted with propofol (P), xylazine-propofol (XP), xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-thiopentone (XT) in 16 healthy indigenous pigs. Respiration rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01) five minutes after induction, and during maximum depth of anaesthesia, and had not returned to control value after recovery from anaesthesia with all anaesthetic combinations. Heart rate with P increased significantly (P<0.01) five minutes after induction, whereas it decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with XP, XK and XT during anaesthesia and remained below the normal range after recovery from anaesthesia except after XP. In all anaesthetic sessions, rectal temperature decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in all stages of anaesthesia: after recovery the rectal temperature almost returned to control value in P and XP. Slight to moderate salivation was observed in all pigs with P and XP. It is suggested that P and XP combination seems to be suitable for general anaesthesia in pigs, but XP is more suitable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18254 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, 46-53

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Karentz, D., and J. E. Cleaver. "Repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells made UV light resistant by fusion with X-ray-inactivated Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 10 (October 1986): 3428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.10.3428-3432.1986.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive human disease, characterized by an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, caused by the inability of cells to repair UV light-induced damage to DNA. Cell fusion was used to transfer fragments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes into XP cells. The hybrid cells exhibited UV resistance and DNA repair characteristics comparable to those expressed by CHO cells, and their DNA had greater homology with CHO DNA than did the DNA from XP cells. Control experiments consisted of fusion of irradiated and unirradiated XP cells and repeated exposure of unfused XP cells to UV doses used for hybrid selection. These treatments did not result in an increase in UV resistance, repair capability, or homology with CHO DNA. The hybrid cell lines do not, therefore, appear to be XP revertants. The establishment of these stable hybrid cell lines is an initial step toward identifying and cloning CHO DNA repair genes that complement the XP defect in human cells. The method should also be applicable to cloning genes for other diseases, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia.

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Karentz, D., and J. E. Cleaver. "Repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells made UV light resistant by fusion with X-ray-inactivated Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 10 (October 1986): 3428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.10.3428.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive human disease, characterized by an extreme sensitivity to sunlight, caused by the inability of cells to repair UV light-induced damage to DNA. Cell fusion was used to transfer fragments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes into XP cells. The hybrid cells exhibited UV resistance and DNA repair characteristics comparable to those expressed by CHO cells, and their DNA had greater homology with CHO DNA than did the DNA from XP cells. Control experiments consisted of fusion of irradiated and unirradiated XP cells and repeated exposure of unfused XP cells to UV doses used for hybrid selection. These treatments did not result in an increase in UV resistance, repair capability, or homology with CHO DNA. The hybrid cell lines do not, therefore, appear to be XP revertants. The establishment of these stable hybrid cell lines is an initial step toward identifying and cloning CHO DNA repair genes that complement the XP defect in human cells. The method should also be applicable to cloning genes for other diseases, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi's anemia.

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Martens, M. C., L. Boeckmann, and S. Emmert. "Genetisch bedingte Hauterkrankungen – Xeroderma pigmentosum und das CEDNIK-Syndrom." Aktuelle Dermatologie 46, no. 08/09 (August 20, 2020): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1148-3867.

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ZusammenfassungDie Rostocker Hautklinik ist Europäisches Referenznetzwerkzentrum für seltene Hauterkrankungen mit den besonderen Schwerpunkten Xeroderma pigmentosum und Ichthyosen. Diese Themen vertreten wir auch in der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die entsprechend der Gendefekte in 7 Komplementationsgruppen – XP-A bis XP-G sowie die sog. XP-Variante (XP-V) – eingeteilt wird. XP ist ein Nukleotid-Exzisions-Reparatur-Defektsyndrom und äußert sich v. a. durch vorzeitige Hautalterung und frühzeitige Entwicklung von Hauttumoren.Das seltene, neurokutane CEDNIK-Syndrom ist eine autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, der eine Loss-of-Function-Mutation in SNAP29 zugrunde liegt. SNAP29 ist ein SNARE-Protein und an intrazellulären Membranfusionen beteiligt. CEDNIK ist ein Akronym für den mit dem Syndrom assoziierten Symptomkomplex aus zerebraler Dysgenese, Neuropathie, Ichthyose und Palmoplantarkeratosen. CEDNIK-Patienten weisen neben der Ichthyose zudem Gedeihstörungen, eine psychomotorische Retardierung und faziale Dysmorphien auf.

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Hajar Tahiri, Fatima zahra El Fatoiki, Meriem Regragui, Fouzia. Hali, and Soumiya .Chiheb. "A rare occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma in a Xeroderma pigmentosum patient: A case report and literature review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1179.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, resulting in an increased risk of skin cancer and other UV-induced malignancies. Reports of hematological malignancies occurring in patients with XP are found in the literature, but they seem to be quite rare. This report describes a 29-year-old male patient with XP who developed Hodgkin lymphoma. The potential increased risk of lymphoma in XP patients is highlighted in this paper; however, further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in XP patients and to develop optimal treatment strategies for hematological and other internal malignancies in this setting.

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Alakshar, Asmaa, Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh, and Mehmet Omer Gorduysus. "Debris and Smear Layer Removal from Oval Root Canals Comparing XP-Endo Finisher, EndoActivator, and Manual Irrigation: A SEM Evaluation." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 04 (August 10, 2020): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714762.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess and compare XP-Endo Finisher (XP) cleaning efficiency with respect to the amount of remaining debris and smear layer versus Max-I-Probe needle (CI), EndoActivator device (EA), and combination of XP-Endo Finisher file with EndoActivator device (XP+EA) in oval root canals. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was performed on 36 extracted single root/canal mandibular premolars. Radiographic images were taken in buccolingual and mesiodistal projections to evaluate the shape of the root canal and determine whether it met exclusion criteria. All teeth were decoronated and prepared using Reciproc (R40). The samples were divided randomly into four groups: CI, EA, XP, and XP + EA. The root canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively. Apart from the CI group, both solutions were activated by using the tested techniques for 1 minute.The teeth were split longitudinally, and the best visible identified sections of the roots were used as the representing samples for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Each half was divided into the following three parts: 1 mm from the anatomic apex and a standardized photomicrograph with 500x and 1500x magnifications for debris and smear layer were obtained. A five-grade scoring system was utilized to quantify the results at the coronal, middle, and apical regions. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results Group differences in debris and smear layer scores were found statistically significant for all locations as well as for overall assessment, except for the coronal third. Intragroup comparison of debris and smear layer in CI, EA, and XP had the minimum score at the middle third, with no significant difference compared with the coronal and apical thirds. XP + EA had less debris and smear layer score at the coronal third, significantly different from apical third.CI and EA had less debris and smear layer compared with XP and XP + EA at all locations with a significant difference at the middle and apical third (p < 0.05). Conclusion EA and CI showed less debris and smear layer than XP and XP + EA in the middle and apical third. The use of the XP in conjunction with the present irrigation protocol failed to have debris-free dentin surface in the apical portion of most of the root canals.

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Rothkopf, Michael. "An Algorithmic Approach for Lipid Metabolism and Management of Patients with Xanthelasma Palpebrarum (XP)." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa055_025.

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Abstract Objectives XP (flat, yellowish plaques around the eyes) is difficult to treat and often recurs. We describe an algorithmic approach to explore the lipid metabolism and management of XP. Methods A 64 yo female with hypothyroidism, obesity, and metabolic syndrome was successful with weight loss and glycemia but noted recurrence of XP after a surgical excision. Her lipid profile (on rosuvastatin) revealed: total cholesterol 150 mg/dL, LDL 54 mg/dL, triglycerides 74 mg/dL, HDL 81 mg/dL. Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 was 213 mg/dL (nl female > 140). Apo B100 was 63 mg/dL (nl < 130). Lp(a) was 29 mg/dL (nl < 30). LDL particles were 958 nmol/L (nl < 1000). LDL particle size was 20.9 nm (nl > 20.5). Small dense LDL particles were 598 nmol/L (nl < 528). There was presence of serum campesterol (3.7 mg/L; nl 0–7.0) and sitosterol (2.1 mg/L; nl 0–5.0), but not desmosterol or lathosterol. Oral ezetimibe (EZ), 10 mg/day was administered. After 8 months of therapy, campesterol and sitosterol dropped significantly (campesterol: 2.1, - 44%; sitosterol: 1.3, - 39%). XP lesions resolved completely. Results We developed an algorithmic approach to XP management. The sequence is as follows: 1) examine standard lipid levels, 2) examine levels of pro-atherogenic particles, 3) explore net cholesterol tissue transport, 4) confirm hepatic cholesterol synthesis suppression, 5) examine plant sterols, 6) treat the abnormalities detected. In this example case phytosterols were responsible for XP recurrence. Sitosterol and campesterol should be minimally absorbed by the gut through the Nieman Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) sterol influx transporter and eliminated by the sterol efflux transporters, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) ABCG5/ABCG8. If phytosterols are retained in the body, they may predispose to resistant XP. An algorithmic approach to XP suggested that hyper-absorption of plant sterols by the NPC1L1 transporter was present. This was clinically confirmed because inhibition of NPC1L1 transport (by EZ) significantly reduced plant sterol levels. Plant sterols were also clinically confirmed as the cause of her XP, since their reduction and led to XP resolution. Conclusions We present an algorithmic approach to help detail the metabolic etiology of XP and direct its management. The example case demonstrates its value to reduce XP recurrence and resolve XP in selected cases. Funding Sources None.

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Sugimoto, Naotoshi, Tetsuhiro Yoshinami, Sachiko Yamamoto, Toshinari Yagi, and Fumio Imamura. "Does capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) give advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (AGC) patients higher early tumor shrinkage (ETS) rate than S1 plus cisplatin (SP) with safety?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.172.

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172 Background: Capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) is defined as the platform regimen in many global trials (ex: ToGA, AVAGAST) for AGC in first-line setting. But in the Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guideline (4th edition), S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) is mentioned the standard (recommendation 1), XP is considered as recommendation 2. Few reports were existed about the comparison between XP and SP. So we retrospectively compared the efficacy and toxicity of XP and SP for patients with AGC in our hospital. Methods: The selection criteria were pathologically proven AGC (HER2 negative or unknown); no previous chemotherapy; performance status 0-2; able to oral intake; and adequate organ functions. The patients in XP group, capecitabine 1,000mg/m2 was given orally twice daily for 14days followed by a 7-day rest; cisplatin 80mg/m2 on day1 was given by intravenous infusion. In SP group, S1 40mg/m2 was given orally twice daily for 21 days followed by a 14-day rest and cisplatin 60mg/m2 intravenous infusion on day8. Results: The analysis covered 115 patients over the period from May 2008 to June 2014. The median age was 64 years (range 22-81); 76 males and 39 females; PS 0/1/2 score 85/29/1; 31 patients were treated XP and 84 patients were treated SP. Progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.6 and 16.4 months with XP and 6.1 and 13.3 months with SP (no significant difference). The response rates were XP/SP 61%/50%. The ETS (over 20% tumor shrinkage in 6-8weeks) rate were 83% in XP and 61% in SP (p=0.09). The rate of grade 3-4 toxicity in XP/SP were; neutropenia 23%/15%, anemia 16%/20%, nausea 0%/3%, anorexia 3%/ 8%, fatigue 0%/ 4%, hyponatremia 3%/ 0%. There was no treatment death in both groups. Conclusions: It is suggested that XP give AGC patients high ETS rate with safety.

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Takeno, Atsushi, Youichi Makari, Shunji Endo, Jin Matsuyama, Ryohei Kawabata, Naotoshi Sugimoto, Hirokazu Taniguchi, et al. "Randomized, open-label, phase II study comparing five-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) with tri-weekly capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) in chemotherapy-naïve patients with HER2 negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC): OGSG 1105 HERBIS-4A trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.102.

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102 Background: This phase II study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of XP compared to SP in the first-line treatment of HER2 negative AGC. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SP (S-1 at 40–60 mg twice daily for 21 days plus cisplatin at 60 mg/ m2 on day 8, every 5 weeks) or XP (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days plus cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks). Primary endpoint was response rate (RR), and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), and adverse events. Results: 84 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive SP ( N = 41) or XP ( N = 43). No statistical difference was observed in overall RR between the SP and XP groups [51.2% (95% CI, 35.1% to 67.1%) vs. 53.5% (95% CI, 37.7% to 68.8%), P = 1.000]. Despite not significant, however, SP vs. XP showed a trend toward better PFS [median, 5.9 months vs. 4.1 months; hazard ratio (HR), 0.763; 95% CI, 0.462 to 1.259; P = .284] and OS (median, 13.5 months vs. 10.0 months; HR, 0.776; 95% CI, 0.485 to 1.244; P = .290). This trend in the SP vs. XP comparison was more pronounced in TTF (median, 4.5 months vs. 3.1 months; HR, 0.651; 95% CI, 0.421 to 1.006; P = .052). Common grade 3 to 4 hematological toxicities were neutropenia and anemia (SP group, 23% and 23%; XP group, 35% and 28%). Grade 3-4 anorexia and hyponatremia were more frequently seen in the XP group (31% and 16%) compared to the SP group (13% and 5%). Treatment-related deaths occurred in one patient (2.3%) in the XP group. Conclusions: XP failed to demonstrate the superior efficacy over SP. Higher incidence of severe toxicities by XP suggests SP as the standard 1st line chemotherapy for HER2 negative AGC in Japan. Clinical trial information: UMIN000006755.

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Bahrudin, Ida Aryanie, Rafizah Mohd Hanifa, Mohd Ezree Abdullah, and Muhammad Firdaus Kamarudin. "Adapting eXtreme Programming Approach in Developing Electronic Document Online System (eDoc)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 2938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.2938.

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eXtreme Programming (XP) is one of new discipline of software development methodology on values of simplicity, communication, feedback and also courage. XP is an explorative and agile development method that seeks to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software. XP software development process starts with planning, and all iterations consist of four basic phases in its life cycle: designing, coding, testing, and listening. This paper tends to report the experience in adapting XP in developing electronic document online system for the use of Centre for Diploma Studies, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (eDoc). The project under study is a system that is use to store office documents such as letter in an online database. The objective of this paper is to discuss the XP practices that had been choosed and also the lesson learnt by practising XP in developing eDoc.

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Yu, Jeong Il, Hee Chul Park, Jeeyun Lee, Changhoon Choi, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Seung Tae Kim, et al. "Outcomes of Radiotherapy for Mesenchymal and Non-Mesenchymal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040943.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes following postoperative chemotherapy (XP) versus chemoradiotherapy (XP-RT) according to mesenchymal subtype based on RNA sequencing in gastric cancer (GC) in a cohort of the Adjuvant chemoRadioTherapy In Stomach Tumor (ARTIST) trial. Methods: Of the 458 patients enrolled in the ARTIST trial, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens were available from 106 (23.1%) patients for RNA analysis. The mesenchymal subtype was classified according to a previously reported 71-gene MSS/EMT signature using the NanoString assay. Results: Of the 106 patients analyzed (50 in XP arm, 56 in XP-RT arm), 36 (34.0%) patients were categorized as mesenchymal subtype by NanoString assay. Recurrence-free survival (RFS, p = 0.009, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.70) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.003, HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31–3.96) were significantly lower in the mesenchymal subtype than in the non-mesenchymal subtype. In terms of post-operative radiotherapy (RT), mesenchymal subtype was not an independent variable to predict RFS or OS regardless to the assigned arm (XP with or without RT) in this patient cohort. However, there was a trend in the adjuvant XP arm, which showed higher OS than the XP-RT arm for the mesenchymal subtype and lower OS than the XP-RT arm for the non-mesenchymal subtype. Conclusions: We could not determine any significant differences between the mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal subtypes with respect to the effects of adjuvant XP with or without RT in gastric cancer following curative surgery.

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Poulin, Yves, Robert Bissonnette, Christina Juneau, Kim Cantin, Rejean Drouin, and Patrice E. Poubelle. "XP-828L in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Psoriasis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 10, no. 5 (September 2006): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2006.00049.

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Background: XP-828L, a protein extract obtained from sweet whey, has demonstrated potential benefit for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis in an open-label study. Objective: To study in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study the safety and efficacy of XP-828L in the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. Design: XP-828L 5 g/d (group A, n = 42) or placebo (group B, n = 42) was given orally for 56 days followed by XP-828L 5 g/d in group A and by XP-828L 10 g/d in group B for an additional 56 days. Results: Patients receiving XP-828L 5 g/d for 56 days had an improved Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score compared with patients under placebo ( p < .05). Considering the data of group A only, the PGA score improved from day 1 to day 56 ( p < .01); the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score improved as well, but to a lesser extent ( p < .05). Conclusion: Oral administration of 5 g/d XP-828L compared with a placebo significantly improved the PGA score of patients with mild to moderate psoriasis.

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Ridora, Yohanes, Niken Trisnowati, and Retno Danarti. "Sun Safety Struggles Among Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum in a Tropical Low-Income Country." OBM Genetics 08, no. 02 (April 19, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.2402229.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, leading to severe skin manifestations and a higher risk of early-onset malignancies. Previous studies from temperate climate countries with sound economic levels showed adequate photoprotection compliance among pediatric XP patients. However, no studies have assessed photoprotection compliance among children with XP living in tropical and low-economic settings. This article reports a low photoprotection compliance of three pediatric XP patients residing in Indonesia, a tropical low-income country. The three patients began experiencing their first symptoms in the first year of life with a gap of 1-3 years until they were diagnosed with XP by dermatologists. Photoprotection measures were promptly initiated. However, challenges related to the hot climate and low economic status led to lower levels of photoprotection compliance. Ultimately, the three patients developed UV-associated skin malignancy at early ages. This report underscores the challenges of maintaining a favorable prognosis for XP patients in low-income tropical countries.

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Yang, Tianyu, Can Ding, Richard W. Ziolkowski, and Y. Jay Guo. "A Terahertz (THz) Single-Polarization-Single-Mode (SPSM) Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152442.

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This paper presents a novel approach to attain a single-polarization-single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in the terahertz (THz) regime. An initial circular hole PCF design is modified by introducing asymmetry in the first ring of six air holes in the cladding, i.e., epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material is introduced into only four of those air holes and the other two remain air-filled but have different diameters. The resulting fundamental X-polarized (XP) and Y-polarized (YP) modes have distinctly different electric field distributions. The asymmetry is arranged so that the YP mode has a much larger amount of the field distributed in the ENZ material than the XP mode. Since the ENZ material is very lossy, the YP mode suffers a much higher loss than the XP mode. Consequently, after a short propagation distance, the loss difference (LD) between the XP and YP modes will be large enough that only the XP mode still realistically exists in the PCF. To further enhance the outcome, gain material is introduced into the core area to increase the LDs between the wanted XP mode and any unwanted higher order (HO) modes, as well as to compensate for the XP mode loss without affecting the LD between the XP and YP modes. The optimized PCF exhibits LDs between the desired XP mode and all other modes greater than 8.0 dB/cm across a wide frequency range of 0.312 THz. Consequently, the reported PCF only needs a length of 2.5 cm to attain an SPSM result, with the unwanted modes being more than 20 dB smaller than the wanted mode over the entire operational band.

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Leon, Christopher, Misak M. Sargsian, and Frank Vera. "A Novel Feature of Valence Quark Distributions in Hadrons." Physics 3, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3040057.

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Examining the evolution of the maximum of valence quark distribution, qV, weighted by Bjorken x, h(x,t)≡xqV(x,t), it is observed that h(x,t) at the peak becomes a one-parameter function; h(xp,t)=Φ(xp(t)), where xp is the position of the peak, t=logQ2, and Q2 is the resolution scale. This observation is used to derive a new model-independent relation which connects the partial derivative of the valence parton distribution functions (PDFs) in xp to the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) evolution equation through the xp derivative of the logarithm of the function Φ(xp(t)). A numerical analysis of this relation using empirical PDFs results in an observation of the exponential form of the Φ(xp(t))=h(xp,t)=CeDxp(t) for leading to next-to-next leading order approximations of PDFs for the range of Q2, covering four orders in magnitude. The exponent, D, of the observed “height-position” correlation function converges with the increase in the order of approximation. This result holds for all the PDF sets considered. A similar relation is observed also for the pion valence quark distribution, indicating that the obtained relation may be universal for any non-singlet partonic distribution. The observed “height-position” correlation is used also to indicate that no finite number of exchanges can describe the analytic behavior of the valence quark distribution at the position of the peak at fixed Q2.

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Lee, Ji Eun, Myung Ah Lee, Tae Ho Hong, In Seok Lee, and Young Kyoung You. "Comparison of the efficacy between the gemcitabine/cisplatin (GP) and capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) for the advanced biliary tract cancer: Retrospective analysis in a single institution." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.365.

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365 Background: Bile duct cancers (BTC) are known to be the chemotherapy resistant cancer, and more common in old-age group. Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) has been widely used as first line treatment for unresectable BTC. Capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) combination chemotherapy has been also used as another option treatment. We retrospectively compared the efficacy of GP and XP for advanced BTC. Methods: Between Jan, 2009 and Jun, 2011, Fifty five patients who were diagnosed with unresectable BTC at Seoul St. Mary’s hospital were enrolled for analysis of the efficacy in the present study. All the patients had recurrent disease or metastatic cancer, confirmed by histologically adenocarcima. In GP group, gemcitabine was given with 1,000mg/m2, I.V for 30min on d1 and d8, and cisplatin was injected with 75mg/m2, d1, repeated every 21 days. In XP group, capecitabine was administered by orally 2,000mg/m2, divided dose d1-14, and cisplatin was administerd with 75mg/m2, d1, repeated every 21 days. Response evaluation with CT scan was taken after 2 cycles. Results: Of the 55 patients enrolled, 28 patients were treated with GP and 27 patients were treated with XP. Median age was 69 years old in GP, 65 years old in XP. Median number of cycle was 2.5 in both groups. There was no difference in patients’ characteristics between two groups in terms of sex, age, number of cycle and disease status. In analysis of the response rate, Partial response rate was 38.5% in XP, and 7.1% in GP, and stable disease was achieved in 23.1% in XP, 42.9% in GP (p=0.004). Median time to progression was 2.0 mon in GP, and 4 mon in XP (P=0.147). However, median survival time was 6 months vs. 4. 3months in GP and XP, respectively (p=0.510). There was no difference in toxicity between two groups. Conclusions: GP and XP showed similar clinical outcome, such as TTP or OS, although XP had significantly better response rate. These two regimens had modest activity, but not effective in terms of TTP or OS. Median number of cycles was only 2.5 in both groups because most patients were over 65 years old, and had poor performance status. Development of new effective regimens in advanced BTC should be warranted.

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De Braud, Filippo G., and Wentao Jason Wu. "A dose escalation pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of mTORC1/2 inhibitor XP-105 (BI 860585) as monotherapy and in combination with exemestane or paclitaxel in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3127.

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3127 Background: Resistance to mTORC1 inhibition may develop through feedback loop leading to upregulation of mTORC2. XP-105, also known as BI 860585, is a potent dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor designed to overcome such resistance. This Phase 1 trial (NCT01938846) was performed to determine the MTD and activity of XP-105 alone or in combination with exemestane or paclitaxel in pts with advanced solid tumors. Methods: A 3+3 escalation design was used; Pts received XP-105 (5–300 mg/day) monotherapy or (40–220 mg/day) combined with fixed-dose exemestane 25 mg/day, or 80–160 mg/day combined with paclitaxel 60 or 80 mg/m2/week. A reduction of pAKT/total AKT ratio was used as a PD marker of target inhibition. Results: 90 pts were treated (41 with monotherapy, 25 and 24 in combination with exemestane, or paclitaxel respectively). XP-105 MTD was defined as 220 mg daily for monotherapy, and 160mg daily with exemestane 25 mg/d or paclitaxel 80 mg/m2/week. In the monotherapy arm, stable disease (SD) was reported in 8 pts (20%), with a median duration of 11 months. In the exemestane combination arm, 4 (16%) partial responses (PR) were reported. In the paclitaxel combination arm, 1 complete response (CR) and 4 PRs were reported (OR rate 21%). Disease control rate (CR/PR/SD) was 20%, 28%, and 58% in the monotherapy, XP-105/exemestane, and XP-105/paclitaxel arms, respectively. A sustained reduction in pAKT/total AKT to < 50% of baseline levels was observed with XP-105 ≥120mg daily. Overall, XP-105 was well tolerated; in the XP-105/paclitaxel combination the most frequent drug-related AEs were diarrhea and fatigue (58.3% each), hyperglycaemia (54.2%), anaemia (50%). Grade ≥3 AEs were hyperglycaemia, fatigue, diarrhea, anaemia, leukopenia. No PK interaction was observed. Conclusions: The MTD for XP-105 monotherapy and in combination with exemestane or paclitaxel was defined as 220 mg and 160mg once daily, respectively. Combination regimens showed higher activity as compared to monotherapy with durable OR in about 20% of pts. The observed safety profile of XP-105 compared favorably to those reported from other mTOR inhibitors. Clinical trial information: NCT01938846.

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Krasikova, Yuliya, Nadejda Rechkunova, and Olga Lavrik. "Nucleotide Excision Repair: From Molecular Defects to Neurological Abnormalities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126220.

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Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair pathway, which can remove diverse bulky DNA lesions destabilizing a DNA duplex. NER defects cause several autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is one of the NER-associated syndromes characterized by low efficiency of the removal of bulky DNA adducts generated by ultraviolet radiation. XP patients have extremely high ultraviolet-light sensitivity of sun-exposed tissues, often resulting in multiple skin and eye cancers. Some XP patients develop characteristic neurodegeneration that is believed to derive from their inability to repair neuronal DNA damaged by endogenous metabolites. A specific class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions, 8,5′-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides, is considered endogenous DNA lesions mainly responsible for neurological problems in XP. Growing evidence suggests that XP is accompanied by defective mitophagy, as in primary mitochondrial disorders. Moreover, NER pathway is absent in mitochondria, implying that the mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to nuclear NER defects. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the NER molecular mechanism and focuses on the NER linkage with the neurological degeneration in patients with XP. We also present recent research advances regarding NER involvement in oxidative DNA lesion repair. Finally, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with XP.

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Ben Rekaya, Mariem, Nadia Laroussi, Olfa Messaoud, Mariem Jones, Manel Jerbi, Chokri Naouali, Yosra Bouyacoub, et al. "A Founder Large Deletion Mutation in Xeroderma Pigmentosum-Variant Form in Tunisia: Implication for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/256245.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum Variant (XP-V) form is characterized by a late onset of skin symptoms. Our aim is the clinical and genetic investigations of XP-V Tunisian patients in order to develop a simple tool for early diagnosis. We investigated 16 suspected XP patients belonging to ten consanguineous families. Analysis of thePOLHgene was performed by linkage analysis, long range PCR, and sequencing. Genetic analysis showed linkage to thePOLHgene with a founder haplotype in all affected patients. Long range PCR of exon 9 to exon 11 showed a 3926 bp deletion compared to control individuals. Sequence analysis demonstrates that this deletion has occurred between two Alu-Sq2 repetitive sequences in the same orientation, respectively, in introns 9 and 10. We suggest that this mutationPOLHNG_009252.1: g.36847_40771del3925 is caused by an equal crossover event that occurred between two homologous chromosomes at meiosis. These results allowed us to develop a simple test based on a simple PCR in order to screen suspected XP-V patients. In Tunisia, the prevalence of XP-V group seems to be underestimated and clinical diagnosis is usually later. Cascade screening of this founder mutation by PCR in regions with high frequency of XP provides a rapid and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of XP-V in Tunisia and North Africa.

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Reifer, D. J. "XP and the CMM." IEEE Software 20, no. 3 (May 2003): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1196314.

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Torre, Alberto C. de la. "The ubiquitous XP commutator." European Journal of Physics 27, no. 2 (January 3, 2006): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/27/2/005.

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Fraser, Steven, and Giancarlo Succi. "XP requirement negotiation workshop." ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review 10, no. 1 (April 2002): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/568235.568239.

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Schwarz, Diemo, and Etienne Brunet. "theconcatenator: Placard XP edit." Leonardo Music Journal 18 (December 2008): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2008.18.89b.

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J.-M.M. "XP Centaur en majesté." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2007, no. 388 (January 2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(07)80003-7.

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Gengler, Barbara. "XP a National Threat?" Network Security 2001, no. 11 (November 2001): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(01)01111-4.

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Poddar, Rakshapada, Subhradeep Chakraborty, and Sudipta Chattopadhyay. "Improved Cross Polarization and Broad Impedance Bandwidth from Simple Single Element Shorted Rectangular Microstrip Patch: Theory and Experiment." Frequenz 70, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2015-0105.

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AbstractA simple, compact and single element rectangular microstrip antenna with three pairs of shorting plates has been proposed and investigated experimentally for broad impedance bandwidth and improved cross polarized (XP) radiation compared to maximum co-polarized (CO) gain without affecting the co-polarized radiation pattern. Around 25–40 dB isolation between copolarized radiation to cross polarized radiation (CO-XP isolation) along with 1.32 GHz impedance bandwidth is achieved with the proposed structure. The present structure is very simple and easy to manufacture and provides high CO-XP isolation over entire angular range around the broadside direction. Moreover, the present structure is free from back radiation in terms of XP fields. The present investigation provides an insightful, visualization-based understanding of concurrent improvement in impedance bandwidth and the XP radiation characteristics with the present structure.

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Yasmina Benhalima, Fatima zahra Lahlimi, and Illias Tazi. "A rare association between Xeroderma pigmentosum and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A case report." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1037.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, resulting in an increased risk of skin cancer and other UV-induced malignancies. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It belongs to a group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system. Reports of DLBCL occurring in patients with XP are found in the literature but it seems to be quite rare. This report described a 31-year-old female patient with XP who developed DLBCL. The potential increased risk of lymphoma in XP patients is highlighted in this paper however further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in XP patients and to develop optimal treatment strategies for DLBCL in this setting.

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Beroual, Nabil, and Ahmed Bendjeddou. "On a Predator–Prey System with Holling Functional Response: xp/(a + xp)." National Academy Science Letters 39, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40009-015-0400-6.

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Du, Ming-Wei, Xin-Lin Zhu, Dong-Xing Zhang, Xian-Zhen Chen, Li-Hua Yang, Jin-Zhou Xiao, Wen-Jie Fang, et al. "X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway." World Journal of Diabetes 15, no. 6 (June 15, 2024): 1299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1299.

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BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), as severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality. AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste (XP) of wound healing in diabetic mice. METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods, XP combines various medicinal ingredients. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified XP’s main components. Using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing. RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups. Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide (Andro) on cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose (HG), while NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2 ) knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms. RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice, expediting the healing process. RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment. HPLC identified 21 primary XP components, with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding. Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation, metastasis, angiogenic injury, and inflammation inhibition. Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway activation, with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects. CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models. As XP’s key component, Andro activates the Nrf2 /HO-1 signaling pathway, enhancing cell proliferation, tubule formation, and inflammation reduction.

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Journal articles on the topic 'XP'

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