Journal articles: 'XLIFF'

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Anastasiou, Dimitra. "XLIFF Mapping to RDF." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 2 (January 1, 2012): 66–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.2.04ana.

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This paper discusses the lack of interoperability between file formats, standards, and applications. We suggest a mapping from the ‘XML Localisation Interchange File Format’ (XLIFF) into the ‘Resource Description Framework’ (RDF) in order to enhance interoperability between a metadata standard and a metadata model. Three use cases are provided (a minimal, a modular and one with alternative translations); each one with a source (XLIFF), an output (RDF), and an ‘Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations’ (XSLT) file. We explain in detail how the XLIFF file elements and attributes can be matched by the XSLT. Believing in the symbiotic relationship for a more effective way of presenting multilingual content on the Web, we developed a conversion tool to translate from XLIFF into RDF in order to automate the process. Our contribution is to translate XLIFF into RDF in order to facilitate ontology localisation, i.e. localise monolingual ontologies and populate Semantic Web approaches with localisation-related metadata.

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Pawar, Priyanka, Pratik Ardhapurkar, Priyanka Jain, Anuradha Lele, Ajai Kumar, and Hemant Darbari. "XLIFF : Multilingual Translation Memory Management among divergent language families." International Journal of Smart Business and Technology 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsbt.2015.3.2.01.

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Jiangzhen, Guo, Priyanka Pawar, Pratik Ardhapurkar, Priyanka Jain, Anuradha Lele, Ajai Kumar, and Hermant Darbari. "XLIFF: Multilingual Translation Memory Management among Divergent Language Families." International Journal of Smart Business and Technology 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsbt.2015.3.1.03.

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Torres del Rey, Jesús, and Lucía Morado Vázquez. "XLIFF, XML Localisation Interchange File Format, translators, localisation standards." Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció, no. 13 (December 31, 2015): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.88.

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Lewis, David, Qun Liu, Leroy Finn, Chris Hokamp, Felix Sasaki, and David Filip. "Open, web-based internationalization and localization tools." Translation Spaces 3 (November 28, 2014): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.3.05lew.

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As many software applications have moved from a desktop software deployment model to a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model so we have seen tool vendors in the language service industry move to a SaaS model, e.g., for web-based Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools. However, many of these offerings fail to take full advantage of the Open Web Platform, i.e., the rich set of web browser-based APIs linked to HTML5. We examine the interoperability landscape that developers of web-based translation tools can benefit from, and in particular the potential offered by the open metadata defined in the W3C’s (World Wide Web Consortium) recent Internationalization Tag Set v2.0 Recommendation. We examine how this can be used in conjunction with the XML Localisation Interchange File Format (XLIFF) standardized by OASIS to exchange translation jobs between servers and Javascript-based CAT tools running in the web browser. We also explore how such open metadata can support activities in the multilingual web processing chain before and after translation.

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Wasala, Asanka, Jim Buckley, Reinhard Schäler, and Chris Exton. "An empirical framework for evaluating interoperability of data exchange standards based on their actual usage: A case study on XLIFF." Computer Standards & Interfaces 42 (November 2015): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2015.05.006.

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Epstein, Nancy E. "Incidence of Major Vascular Injuries with Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF)." Surgical Neurology International 11 (April 18, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_113_2020.

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Background: Extreme lateral interbody fusions (XLIF) and minimally invasive (MI) XLIF theoretically offer wide access to the lumbar disc space. The theoretical advantages of XLIF include; minimally disturbing surrounding structures (e.g. neural, vascular, soft-tissue), while offering stability. In addition to the well-known increased frequency of neurological deficits attributed to XLIF, here we explored how often major vascular injures occur with XLIF/MI XLIF procedures. Methods: In 13 XLIF/MI XLIF studies, we evaluated the frequency of major vascular injuries. Results: The studies citing the different frequencies of vascular injuries associated with XLIF/MI XLIF were broken down into three categories. Of the 5 small and larger case series, involving a total of 6,732 patients (e.g. range of 12 to 4,607 patients/study), the incidence of vascular injuries ranged from 0% (3 studies) up to 0.4%. Three case reports presented major vascular injuries attributed to XLIF/MI XLIF. Two involved the L4-L5 level. The three complications included: one fatal injury, one, a retroperitoneal hematoma with hemorrhagic shock, and one major vascular injury. For the 5 review articles, major vascular complications were just discussed in 2, one study cited 3 specific major vascular injuries (e.g. 1 fatal, 1 life threating, and 1 lumbar artery pseudoaneurysm requiring embolization), while 2 other studies stated the frequency of these injuries was 0.4% for XLIF, and 1.7 % for OLIF (Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion). Conclusions: According to 5 small and larger case series, 3 case reports, and 5 review articles, the incidence of major vascular injuries occurring during XLIF/MI XLIF ranges from 0 to 0.03% to 0.4%.

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Epstein, Nancy E. "Review of Risks and Complications of Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF)." Surgical Neurology International 10 (December 6, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_559_2019.

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Background: Extreme lateral interbody fusions (XLIF) and Minimally Invasive (MIS) XLIF were developed to limit the vascular injuries associated with anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and minimize the muscular/ soft tissue trauma attributed to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), and posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF). Methods: Nevertheless, XLIF/MIS XLIF pose significant additional risks and complications that include; multiple nerve injuries (e.g. lumbar plexus, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and subcostals (to the anterior abdominal muscles: abdominal oblique), and sympathectomy), major vascular injuries, bowel perforations/postoperative ileus, seromas, pseudarthrosis, subsidence, and reoperations. Results: The risks of neural injury with XLIF/MIS XLIF (up to 30-40%) are substantially higher than for TLIF, PLIF, PLF, and ALIF. These neural injuries included: lumbar plexus injuries (13.28%); new sensory deficits (0-75% (21.7%-40%); permanent 62.5%); motor deficits (0.7-33.6%-40%); iliopsoas weakness (9%-31%: permanent 5%), anterior thigh/groin pain (12.5-34%), and sympathectomy (4%-12%). Additional non-neurological complications included; subsidence (10.3%-13.8%), major vascular injuries (0.4%), bowel perforations, recurrent seroma, malpositioning of the XLIF cages, a 45% risk of cage-overhang, pseudarthrosis (7.5%), and failure to adequately decompress stenosis. In one study, reviewing 20 publications and involving 1080 XLIF patients, the authors observed “Most (XLIF) studies are limited by study design, sample size, and potential conflicts of interest.” Conclusion: Many new neurological deficits and other adverse events/complications are attributed to MIS XLIF/ XLIF. Shouldn’t these significant risk factors be carefully taken into consideration before choosing to perform MIS XLIF/XLIF?

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Epstein, Nancy E. "Many Intraoperative Monitoring Modalities Have Been Developed To Limit Injury During Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF/MIS XLIF): Does That Mean XLIF/MIS XLIF Are Unsafe?" Surgical Neurology International 10 (November 29, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_563_2019.

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Background: Extreme lateral interbody fusions (XLIF) and Minimally Invasive (MIS) XLIF pose significant risks of neural injury to the; lumbar plexus, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and subcostal nerves. To limit these injuries, many intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) modalities have been proposed. Methods: Multiple studies document various frequencies of neural injuries occurring during MIS XLIF/XLIF: plexus injuries (13.28%); sensory deficits (0-75%; permanent 62.5%); motor deficits (0.7-33.6%; most typically iliopsoas weakness (14.3%-31%)), and anterior thigh/groin pain (12.5-25%.-34%). To avoid/limit these injuries, multiple IONM techniques have been proposed. These include; using finger electrodes during operative dissection, employing motor evoked potentials (MEP), eliminating (no) muscle relaxants (NMR), and using “triggered” EMGs. Results: In one study, finger electrodes for XLIF at L4-L5 level for degenerative spondylolisthesis reduced transient postoperative neurological symptoms from 7 [38%] of 18 cases (e.g. without IONM) to 5 [14%] of 36 cases (with IONM). Two series showed that motor evoked potential monitoring (MEP) for XLIF reduced postoperative motor deficits; they, therefore, recommended their routine use for XLIF. Another study demonstrated that eliminating muscle relaxants during XLIF markedly reduced postoperative neurological deficits/thigh pain by allowing for better continuous EMG monitoring (e.g. NMR no muscle relaxants). Finally, a “triggered” EMG study” reduced postoperative motor neuropraxia, largely by limiting retraction time. Conclusion: Multiple studies have offered different IONM techniques to avert neurological injuries following MIS XLIF/XLIF. Does this mean that these procedures (e.g. XLIF/MIS XLIF) are unsafe?

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Epstein, Nancy E. "Perspective on the true incidence of bowel perforations occurring with extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusions. How should they be treated?" Surgical Neurology International 12 (November 23, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_1003_2021.

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Background: What is the risk of bowel perforation (BP) with open or minimally invasive (MI) extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF)? What is the truth? Further, if peritoneal symptoms/signs arise following XLIF/MI XLIF, it is critical to obtain an emergent consultation with general surgery who can diagnose and treat a potential BP. Literature Review: In multiple series, the frequency of BP ranged markedly from 0.03% (i.e. 1 of 2998 patients), to 0.08% (11/13,004), to 0.5%, to 8.3% (1 in 12 patients), up to 12.5% (1 in 8 patients). BPs attributed to different causes carry high mortality rates varying from 11.1% to 23%. For the 11 (0.08%) BP occurring out of 13,004 patients undergoing XLIF in one series, there was one (9.09%) death due to uncontrolled sepsis. In another series, where 31 BP were identified for multiple lumbar surgical procedures identified through PubMed (1960–2016), including 10 (32.2%) for lateral lumbar surgery including XLIF, the overall mortality rate was 12.9% (4/31). Conclusion: The incidence of BPs occurring following XLIF/MI XLIF procedures ranged from 0.03% to 12.5% in various reports. What is the true incidence of these errors? Certainly, it is more critical that when spine surgeons’ patients develop acute peritoneal symptoms/signs following these procedures, they immediately consult general surgery to both diagnose, and treat potential BP in a timely fashion to avoid the high morbidity (87.1%) and mortality rates (12.9%) attributed to these perforations.

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Assina, Rachid, Neil J. Majmundar, Yehuda Herschman, and Robert F. Heary. "First report of major vascular injury due to lateral transpsoas approach leading to fatality." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 5 (November 2014): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.7.spine131146.

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Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) has gained popularity among spine surgeons for treating multiple conditions of the lumbar spine. In contrast to the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) approach, the minimally invasive XLIF approach affords wide access to the lumbar disc space without an access surgeon and causes minimal tissue disruption. The XLIF approach offers many advantages over other lumbar spine approaches, with a reportedly low complication profile. The authors describe the first fatality reported in the literature following an XLIF approach. They describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who suffered a fatal intraoperative injury to the great vessels during a lateral transpsoas approach to the L4–5 disc space.

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Pimenta, Luiz, Alexander W. L. Turner, Zachary A. Dooley, Rachit D. Parikh, and Mark D. Peterson. "Biomechanics of Lateral Interbody Spacers: Going Wider for Going Stiffer." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/381814.

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This study investigates the biomechanical stability of a large interbody spacer inserted by a lateral approach and compares the biomechanical differences with the more conventional transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF), with and without supplemental pedicle screw (PS) fixation. Twenty-four L2-L3 functional spinal units (FSUs) were tested with three interbody cage options: (i) 18 mm XLIF cage, (ii) 26 mm XLIF cage, and (iii) 11 mm TLIF cage. Each spacer was tested without supplemental fixation, and with unilateral and bilateral PS fixation. Specimens were subjected to multidirectional nondestructive flexibility tests to 7.5 N·m. The range of motion (ROM) differences were first examined within the same group (per cage) using repeated-measures ANOVA, and then compared between cage groups. The 26 mm XLIF cage provided greater stability than the 18 mm XLIF cage with unilateral PS and 11 mm TLIF cage with bilateral PS. The 18 mm XLIF cage with unilateral PS provided greater stability than the 11 mm TLIF cage with bilateral PS. This study suggests that wider lateral spacers are biomechanically stable and offer the option to be used with less or even no supplemental fixation for interbody lumbar fusion.

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Lim, Kai-Zheong, Christopher Daly, Jessica Brown, and Tony Goldschlager. "Dynamic Posture-Related Preoperative Pain as a Single Clinical Criterion in Patient Selection for Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion Without Direct Decompression." Global Spine Journal 9, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218811317.

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Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Objectives: Evidence on predicting the success of indirect decompression via extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is scarce. The authors investigated if patients who could achieve a pain-free position preoperatively would derive clinical benefit from XLIF without direct decompression. Methods: Data from 50 consecutive patients who underwent XLIF with and without direct decompression by a single surgeon from January 2014 to August 2017 was collected. Primary outcome is the rate of failure of patients who underwent XLIF without direct decompression, characterized by persistence of pain postoperatively that required reoperations within 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are clinical outcomes and patient-reported quality of life outcome data, including visual analogue scale for leg (VASL) and back (VASB) pain, Oswetry Disability Index (ODI), and Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of SF-12, for up to 2 years postoperatively. Results: One patient with preoperative dynamic posture-related pain who underwent XLIF without direct decompression subsequently had a reoperation due to persisting pain. Statistically significant improvement was achieved across all patient reported outcomes ( P < .05): improvement of 68% for VASL, 61% for VASB, 50% for ODI, 33% for PCS, and 11% for MCS of SF-12 at last follow-up. Six patients had thigh symptoms that resolved. Conclusion: The simple clinical criterion based on postural pain status preoperatively may help clinicians in patient selection for indirect decompression of XLIF without the need for direct decompression. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to establish the validity of the algorithm.

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Tohmeh, Antoine G., Blake Watson, Mirna Tohmeh, and Xavier J. Zielinski. "Allograft Cellular Bone Matrix in Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion: Preliminary Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/263637.

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Introduction. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a minimally disruptive alternative for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Recently, synthetic and allograft materials have been increasingly used to eliminate donor-site pain and complications secondary to autogenous bone graft harvesting. The clinical use of allograft cellular bone graft has potential advantages over autograft by eliminating the need to harvest autograft while mimicking autograft's biologic function. The objective of this study was to examine 12-month radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent XLIF with Osteocel Plus, one such allograft cellular bone matrix.Methods. Forty (40) patients were treated at 61 levels with XLIF and Osteocel Plus and included in the analysis.Results. No complications were observed. From preoperative to 12-month postoperative followup, ODI improved 41%, LBP improved 55%, leg pain improved 43.3%, and QOL (SF-36) improved 56%. At 12 months, 92% reported being “very” or “somewhat” satisfied with their outcome and 86% being either “very” or “somewhat likely” to choose to undergo the procedure again. Complete fusion was observed in 90.2% (55/61) of XLIF levels.Conclusions. Complete interbody fusion with Osteocel Plus was shown in 90.2% of XLIF levels, with the remaining 9.8% being partially consolidated and progressing towards fusion at 12 months.

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Partida, Carlos. "XLIF MISS literature Review." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 6, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/117.

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The interest to decrease the complications and morbility in patients, encourage the investigation to search for minor invasvies surgical techniques. The medical responsability for the wellness of the patient adds to the actual advanced technologies that is the origin to propose more efficent interventions. An example is the XLIF (extreme laterla interbody fusion) represents one of the avant-gard techniques of spine surgery. The XLIF represents an excelent option for the treatment of some spine compelx pathologies that needs descompression, balance alignement, arthrodesis and stabilization: degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis grade l and ll, deformities like degenerative scoliosis or adjacent disc disease are examples where the benefit of this technicc is evident. The XLIF represents an excelent option for the treatment of some spine compelx pathologies that needs descompression, balance alignement, arthrodesis and stabilization: degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis grade l and ll, deformities like degenerative scoliosis or adjacent disc disease are examples where the benefit of this technicc is evident. However, this method is contraindicated for L5-S1 (limited by iliac crest) disc disease or spondylolisthesis grade lll for example.

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Nayar, Gautam Madhu, Timothy Y. Wang, Adam Gregory Back, Kyle Malone, and Robert E. Isaacs. "330 Surgical Site Infections in Standalone Lateral Interbody Fusion: Analysis of a Prospective, Multi-center Patient Outcomes Registry." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.330.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Surgical site infections (SSI) following lumbar spinal fusion procedures are associated with extended hospital stays, increased complications, and lower patient outcome satisfaction. Additionally, hospitals can face stiff financial penalties from CMS for increased rates of SSI. Modern minimally invasive approaches for anterior interbody fusion (XLIF) were developed to minimize approach-related morbidity compared to direct anterior and conventional posterior approaches, the latter of which are associated with infection rates from 2.7% to as high as 10.9%. The aim of this study is to evaluate infection rates following XLIF in those patient with and without supplemental internal fixation. METHODS A total of 994 patients treated with XLIF from T12-L1 to L5-S1 (619 with supplemental internal fixation, 375 standalone) were evaluated and included in the analysis. On average, patients were treated at fewer levels in the standalone versus fixated group (mean 1.7 versus 2.1 levels). RESULTS >A total of nine (9) surgical site infections were reported in 994 XLIF patients (0.9%), with no significant differences between standalone and fixation (0.8% and 1% respectively, P = 1.00). The standalone group had two superficial infections, which only extended the post-operative length of stay. The supplemental fixation group had two infections from posterior instrumentation and three superficial infections, all of which only required longer hospitalization. Additionally, there were two deep wound infections, one in each cohort, that required I&D. No patients suffered long-term consequences. CONCLUSION Infections following XLIF were rare (<1%) in a relatively large, multi-centric experience and did not vary with use of supplemental fixation. Compared to previously reported outcomes in the anterior and posterior approach, XLIF is associated with decreased rates of infection, thereby reducing harm to the patient and cost to the hospital.

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Deng, Liang, Yuan-Wei Zhang, Liang-Yu Xiong, Su-Li Zhang, Wen-Yan Ni, and Qiang Xiao. "Extreme lateral interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the minimally invasive treatment of thoracic tuberculosis." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 5 (May 2020): 030006052092599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520925992.

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Objective As a minimally invasive intervertebral fusion technique popularized in recent years, extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) has various advantages. In this study, we describe the application and efficacy of XLIF for the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis (TB), as this may be an emerging treatment option for thoracic TB in the future. Methods We present the case of a 75-year-old man who had suffered from chest and back pain for 1 month. Imaging studies showed destruction of the T12 and L1 vertebral bodies and the T12–L1 intervertebral disc, accompanied by formation of a paravertebral abscess. After 2 weeks of standard anti-TB treatment, the patient underwent debridement of the lesions, XLIF, and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Results The patient’s chest and back pain were significantly alleviated after the operation. The patient recovered well, and as of the most recent follow-up had no obvious limitation in thoracolumbar spine function. Conclusions XLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracic TB can allow for TB lesion debridement, discectomy, and interbody fusion under direct visualization, and can effectively improve patient prognosis.

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Vũ, Nguyễn, and Hồ Thanh Sơn. "Ứng dụng phẫu thuật ít xâm lấn lối bên thay đĩa đệm và bắt vít qua da lối sau (xlif) điều trị hẹp ống sống thắt lưng tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội." Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 147, no. 11 (December 1, 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v147i11.520.

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Phẫu thuật ít xâm lấn lối bên thay đĩa đệm và cố định cột sống bằng vít qua cuống qua da lối sau (XLIF) là kĩ thuật can thiệp với đường mổ nhỏ, không gây tổn thương tổ chức cơ thắt lưng nên thời gian hồi phục sau mổ nhanh chóng, hạn chế các nhược điểm của phẫu thuật mổ mở hay ít xâm lấn lối sau. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá bước đầu hiệu quả điều trị hẹp ống sống thắt lưng bằng phẫu thuật XLIF. Thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng được thực hiện trên 9 bệnh nhân từ tháng 04/2019 tới 03/2021. Đối tượng là tất cả các bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán hẹp ống sống thắt lưng, có chỉ định phẫu thuật theo phương pháp XLIF. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy vị trí tổn thương của tất cả bệnh nhân là ở L45. Độ tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân là 62,7, cao tuổi nhất là 74, thấp nhất là 50 tuổi. Số lượng máu mất trong mổ trung bình là 100 ± 50 ml. Mức độ đau lưng sau mổ trung bình theo VAS giảm từ 7,2 điểm xuống 2,3 điểm, VAS chân giảm từ 6,8 xuống 1,9 điểm. Số ngày nằm viện trung bình của bệnh nhân là 4 ± 2 ngày, tất cả bệnh nhân đều đi lại được ngay sau 1 một ngày. Phương pháp phẫu thuật XLIF là hiệu quả và an toàn với bệnh lý hẹp ống sống thắt lưng, khắc phục được các nhược điểm của phương pháp mổ mở thông thường. Phẫu thuật ít xâm lấn và XLIF là xu hướng phát triển cho phẫu thuật cột sống trong những năm tới.

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Nomoto, Edward K., Guy R. Fogel, Alexandre Rasouli, Justin V. Bundy, and Alexander W. Turner. "Biomechanical Analysis of Cortical Versus Pedicle Screw Fixation Stability in TLIF, PLIF, and XLIF Applications." Global Spine Journal 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218779991.

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Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanical study. Objectives: Medial-to-lateral trajectory cortical screws are of clinical interest due to the ability to place them through a less disruptive, medialized exposure compared with conventional pedicle screws. In this study, cortical and pedicle screw trajectory stability was investigated in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), and extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) constructs. Methods: Eight lumbar spinal units were used for each interbody/screw trajectory combination. The following constructs were tested: TLIF + unilateral facetectomy (UF) + bilateral pedicle screws (BPS), TLIF + UF + bilateral cortical screws (BCS), PLIF + medial facetectomy (MF) + BPS, PLIF + bilateral facetectomy (BF) + BPS, PLIF + MF + BCS, PLIF + BF + BCS, XLIF + BPS, XLIF + BCS, and XLIF + bilateral laminotomy + BCS. Range of motion (ROM) in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation was assessed using pure moments. Results: All instrumented constructs were significantly more rigid than intact ( P < .05) in all test directions except TLIF + UF + BCS, PLIF + MF + BCS, and PLIF + BF + BCS in axial rotation. In general, XLIF and PLIF + MF constructs were more rigid (lowest ROM) than TLIF + UF and PLIF + BF constructs. In the presence of substantial iatrogenic destabilization (TLIF + UF and PLIF + BF), cortical screw constructs tended to be less rigid (higher ROM) than the same pedicle screw constructs in lateral bending and axial rotation; however, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing pedicle and cortical fixation for the same interbody procedures. Conclusions: Both cortical and pedicle trajectory screw fixation provided stability to the 1-level interbody constructs. Constructs with the least iatrogenic destabilization were most rigid. The more destabilized constructs showed less lateral bending and axial rotation rigidity with cortical screws compared with pedicle screws. Further investigation is warranted to understand the clinical implications of differences between constructs.

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Yingsakmongkol, Wicharn, Waranyoo Wathanavasin, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Worawat Limthongkul, and Vit Kotheeranurak. "Psoas Major Muscle Volume Does Not Affect the Postoperative Thigh Symptoms in XLIF Surgery." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030357.

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Background: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a minimally invasive surgery that accesses the lumbar spine through the psoas muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the psoas major muscle volume and anterior thigh symptoms after XLIF. Methods: Eighty-one patients (mean age 63 years) with degenerative spine diseases underwent XLIF (total = 94 levels). Thirty-eight patients were female (46.9%), and 24 patients (29.6%) had a history of lumbar surgery. Supplemental pedicle screws were used in 48 patients, and lateral plates were used in 28 patients. Neuromonitoring devices were used in all cases. The patients were classified into two groups (presence of thigh symptoms and no thigh symptoms after the surgery). The psoas major volumes were measured and calculated by CT (computed tomography) scan and compared between the two patient groups. Results: In the first 24 h after surgery, 32 patients (39.5%) had thigh symptoms (20 reported pain, 9 reported numbness, and 18 reported weakness). At one year postoperatively, only 3 of 32 patients (9.4%) had persistent symptoms. Conclusions: As a final observation, no statistically significant difference in the mean psoas major volume was found between the group of patients with new postoperative anterior thigh symptoms and those with no thigh symptoms. Preoperative psoas major muscle volume seems not to correlate with postoperative anterior thigh symptoms after XLIF.

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Tohmeh, Antoine G., William Blake Rodgers, and Mark D. Peterson. "Dynamically evoked, discrete-threshold electromyography in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 1 (January 2011): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.9.spine09871.

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Object Because the psoas muscle, which contains nerves of the lumbar plexus, is traversed during the extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) approach, appropriate nerve monitoring is needed to avoid nerve injury during surgery and prevent approach-related neural deficit. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of dynamically evoked electromyography (EMG) to detect and prevent neural injury during the XLIF approach. Methods One hundred two patients undergoing XLIF at L3–4 and/or L4–5 were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized clinical study. The EMG threshold values for each of the 3 successive dilators were recorded at the surface of the psoas muscle, mid-psoas, and on the spine. At each location, the dilators were rotated 360°, taking recordings immediately posterior, superior, anterior, and inferior. For each dilator, the authors noted the rotational position (the angle in degrees) at which the lowest threshold was found. Findings of pre- and postoperative neurological examinations were also recorded. Results Nerves were identified within proximity of the dilators (alert-level EMG feedback) in 55.7% of all cases during the XLIF approach. Although nerves were more commonly identified in the posterior margin (63%), there was significant variability in the location of nerves identified. Despite the fact that the posterior half of the disc space was targeted in 90% of cases, no significant long-lasting neural deficits were identified in any case; 27.5% experienced new iliopsoas/hip flexion weakness and 17.6% experienced new postoperative upper medial thigh sensory loss. Transient motor deficits were identified in 3 patients (2.9%), and all had resolved by the 6-month follow-up visit. Conclusions The ability to identify and report a discrete, real-time EMG threshold during the transpsoas approach helps to avoid nerve injury and is required for the safe performance of the XLIF procedure. Additionally, nerve location is variable, thus reinforcing the need for real-time directional and proximity information.

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Li, Jiaqi, Peng Zhang, Chenghao Dou, and Wei Zhang. "Clinical experience of extreme lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis." European Journal of Inflammation 19 (January 2021): 205873922110399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20587392211039934.

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Introduction Up to now, there were few studies on extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) surgery for lumbar spondylodiscitis. This study was aimed to evaluate clinical effectiveness and provide more information for XLIF in the treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis. Methods We retrospectively collected cases of XLIF for the treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis from September 2017 to February 2020. There were 8 cases of non-specific infection of lumbar spine, 4 cases of lumbar tuberculosis, and 1 case of lumbar brucellosis. Basic information, antibiotic application, and inflammatory index were collected before and after surgery. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated at baseline and in 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery with visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The comparison of the indicators before and after the operation was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The average intraoperative blood loss and operation time was 70mL and 99.23 min, respectively. The study consisted of 13 cases with single segment operation. The average follow-up time was 16.54 months. No sign of recurrence of spondylodiscitis occurred at last follow-up. Postoperative VAS and ODI were significantly decreased after the operation. No major blood vessels, nerves, or organ damage occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusion XLIF has shown good clinical effectiveness in the treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis with advantages of less bleeding and less tissue damage in the present study. More multi-center prospective comparative studies are needed to further verify the clinical effectiveness of this procedure in lumbar spondylodiscitis.

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Rodgers, W. B., Jeffrey A. Lehmen, Edward J. Gerber, and Jody A. Rodgers. "Grade 2 Spondylolisthesis at L4-5 Treated by XLIF: Safety and Midterm Results in the “Worst Case Scenario”." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/356712.

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Spondylolisthesis is one of the most common indications for spinal surgery. However, no one approach has been proven to be more effective in treating spondylolisthesis. Recent advances in minimally invasive spine technology have allowed for different approaches to be applied to this indication, notably extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF). The risk, however, of using XLIF in treating grade II spondylolisthesis is the ventral position of the lumbar plexus, particularly at L4-5.Objective. This study reports the safety and midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients with grade II lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with XLIF.Methods. 63 patients with grade II spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis were treated with XLIF and were available for 12-month followup. Of those, 61 (97%) were treated at L4-5. Clinical (VAS, complications, and reoperation rate) and radiographic (anterolisthesis, disk height, and fusion) parameters were assessed.Study Design. Data were collected via a prospective registry and analyzed retrospectively.Results. Sixty-three patients were available for evaluations at least one year postoperatively. Average pain (visual analog scale) decreased from a score of 8.7 at baseline to 2.2 at 12 months postoperatively. Average anterior slippage was reduced by 73% and was well maintained. Average disk height (4.6 mm pre-op and 9.0 mm post-op) nearly doubled after surgery. Slight settling (average 1.3 mm) occurred over the twelve-month follow-up period. There were no neural injuries and no nonunions noted.Conclusions. XLIF is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment alternative for grade II spondylolisthesis. Real-time neurological monitoring and attention to technique are mandatory.

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Malham, Gregory M., Ngaire J. Ellis, Rhiannon M. Parker, and Kevin A. Seex. "Clinical Outcome and Fusion Rates after the First 30 Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusions." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/246989.

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Introduction. The lateral transpsoas approach for lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) is gaining popularity. Studies examining a surgeon's early experience are rare. We aim to report treatment, complication, clinical, and radiographic outcomes in an early series of patients.Methods. Prospective data from the first thirty patients treated with XLIF by a single surgeon was reviewed. Outcome measures included pain, disability, and quality of life assessment. Radiographic assessment of fusion was performed by computed tomography.Results. Average follow-up was 11.5 months, operative time was 60 minutes per level and blood loss was 50 mL. Complications were observed: clinical subsidence, cage breakage upon insertion, new postoperative motor deficit and bowel injury. Approach side-effects were radiographic subsidence and anterior thigh sensory changes. Two patients required reoperation; microforaminotomy and pedicle screw fixation respectively. VAS back and leg pain decreased 63% and 56%, respectively. ODI improved 41.2% with 51.3% and 8.1% improvements in PCS and MCS. Complete fusion (last follow-up) was observed in 85%.Conclusion. The XLIF approach provides superior treatment, clinical outcomes and fusion rates compared to conventional surgical approaches with lowered complication rates. Mentor supervision for early cases and strict adherence to the surgical technique including neuromonitoring is essential.

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Billinghurst, Jason, and Behrooz A. Akbarnia. "Extreme lateral interbody fusion - XLIF." Current Orthopaedic Practice 20, no. 3 (June 2009): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0b013e3181a32ead.

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Rodgers, W. B., and Edward J. Gerber. "Complications in 775 XLIF Surgeries." Spine Journal 10, no. 9 (September 2010): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.252.

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Tormenti, Matthew J., Matthew B. Maserati, Christopher M. Bonfield, David O. Okonkwo, and Adam S. Kanter. "Complications and radiographic correction in adult scoliosis following combined transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 3 (March 2010): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.1.focus09263.

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Object The authors recently used a combined approach of minimally invasive transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) and open posterior segmental pedicle screw instrumentation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for the correction of coronal deformity. The complications and radiographic outcomes were compared with a posterior-only approach for scoliosis correction. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed all deformity cases that were surgically corrected at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital between June 2007 and August 2009. Eight patients underwent combined transpsoas and posterior approaches for adult degenerative thoracolumbar scoliosis. The comparison group consisted of 4 adult patients who underwent a posterior-only scoliosis correction. Data on intra- and postoperative complications were collected. The pre- and postoperative posterior-anterior and lateral scoliosis series radiographic films were reviewed, and comparisons were made for coronal deformity, apical vertebral translation (AVT), and lumbar lordosis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and postoperative visual analog scale scores. Results The median preoperative coronal Cobb angle in the combined approach was 38.5° (range 18–80°). Following surgery, the median Cobb angle was 10° (p < 0.0001). The mean preoperative AVT was 3.6 cm, improving to 1.8 cm postoperatively (p = 0.031). The mean preoperative lumbar lordosis in this group was 47.3°, and the mean postoperative lordosis was 40.4°. Compared with posterior-only deformity corrections, the mean values for curve correction were higher for the combined approach than for the posterior-only approach. Conversely, the mean AVT correction was higher in the posterior-only group. One patient in the posterior-only group required revision of the instrumentation. One patient who underwent the transpsoas XLIF approach suffered an intraoperative bowel injury necessitating laparotomy and segmental bowel resection; this patient later underwent an uneventful posterior-only correction of her scoliotic deformity. Two patients (25%) in the XLIF group sustained motor radiculopathies, and 6 of 8 patients (75%) experienced postoperative thigh paresthesias or dysesthesias. Motor radiculopathy resolved in 1 patient, but persisted 3 months postsurgery in the other. Sensory symptoms persisted in 5 of 6 patients at the most recent follow-up evaluation. The mean clinical follow-up time was 10.5 months for the XLIF group and 11.5 months for the posterior-only group. The mean visual analog scale score decreased from 8.8 to 3.5 in the XLIF group, and it decreased from 9.5 to 4 in the posterior-only group. Conclusions Radiographic outcomes such as the Cobb angle and AVT were significantly improved in patients who underwent a combined transpsoas and posterior approach. Lumbar lordosis was maintained in all patients undergoing the combined approach. The combination of XLIF and TLIF/posterior segmental instrumentation techniques may lead to less blood loss and to radiographic outcomes that are comparable to traditional posterior-only approaches. However, the surgical technique carries significant risks that require further evaluation and proper informed consent.

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Caputo, Adam M., Keith W. Michael, Todd M. Chapman, Gene M. Massey, Cameron R. Howes, Robert E. Isaacs, and Christopher R. Brown. "Clinical Outcomes of Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/680643.

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Introduction. The use of extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) and other lateral access surgery is rapidly increasing in popularity. However, limited data is available regarding its use in scoliosis surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adults with degenerative lumbar scoliosis treated with XLIF.Methods. Thirty consecutive patients with adult degenerative scoliosis treated by a single surgeon at a major academic institution were followed for an average of 14.3 months. Interbody fusion was completed using the XLIF technique with supplemental posterior instrumentation. Validated clinical outcome scores were obtained on patients preoperatively and at most recent follow-up. Complications were recorded.Results. The study group demonstrated improvement in multiple clinical outcome scores. Oswestry Disability Index scores improved from 24.8 to 19.0 (P < 0.001). Short Form-12 scores improved, although the change was not significant. Visual analog scores for back pain decreased from 6.8 to 4.6 (P < 0.001) while scores for leg pain decreased from 5.4 to 2.8 (P < 0.001). A total of six minor complications (20%) were recorded, and two patients (6.7%) required additional surgery.Conclusions. Based on the significant improvement in validated clinical outcome scores, XLIF is effective in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis.

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Kono, Yutaka, Hogaku Gen, Yoshio Sakuma, and Yasuhide Koshika. "Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Results of Mini-Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion Indirect Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis." Asian Spine Journal 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2018.12.2.356.

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<sec><title>Study Design</title>Retrospective study.</sec><sec><title>Purpose</title>In this study, we compared the postoperative outcomes of extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) indirect decompression with that of mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.</sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title>There are very few reports examining postoperative results of XLIF and minimally invasive TLIF for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, and no reports comparing XLIF and mini-open TLIF.</sec><sec><title>Methods</title>Forty patients who underwent 1-level spinal fusion, either by XLIF indirect decompression (X group, 20 patients) or by mini-open TLIF (T group, 20 patients), for treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis were included in this study. Invasiveness of surgery was evaluated on the basis of surgery time, blood loss, hospitalization period, and perioperative complications. The Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), disc angle (DA), disc height (DH), and slipping length (SL) were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at 12 months after surgery. Cross-sectional spinal canal area (CSA) was also measured before surgery and at 1 month after surgery.</sec><sec><title>Results</title>There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of surgery time or hospitalization period; however, X group showed a significant decrease in blood loss (<italic>p</italic><0.001). Serious complications were not observed in either group. In clinical assessment, no significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to the JOABPEQ results. The change in DH at 12 months after surgery increased significantly in the X group (<italic>p</italic><0.05), and the changes in DA and SL were not significantly different between the two groups. The change in CSA was significantly greater in the T group (<italic>p</italic><0.001).</sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title>Postoperative clinical results were equally favorable for both procedures; however, in comparison with mini-open TLIF, less blood loss and greater correction of DH were observed in XLIF.</sec>

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Phillips, Frank M., Robert E. Isaacs, William Blake Rodgers, Kaveh Khajavi, Antoine G. Tohmeh, Vedat Deviren, Mark D. Peterson, Jonathan Hyde, and Mark Kurd. "Adult Degenerative Scoliosis Treated With XLIF." Spine 38, no. 21 (October 2013): 1853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3182a43f0b.

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Dangelmajer, Sean, Patricia L. Zadnik, Samuel T. Rodriguez, Ziya L. Gokaslan, and Daniel M. Sciubba. "Minimally invasive spine surgery for adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis." Neurosurgical Focus 36, no. 5 (May 2014): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.3.focus144.

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Object Historically, adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) has been treated with multilevel decompression and instrumented fusion to reduce neural compression and stabilize the spinal column. However, due to the profound morbidity associated with complex multilevel surgery, particularly in elderly patients and those with multiple medical comorbidities, minimally invasive surgical approaches have been proposed. The goal of this meta-analysis was to review the differences in patient selection for minimally invasive surgical versus open surgical procedures for adult DLS, and to compare the postoperative outcomes following minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open surgery. Methods In this meta-analysis the authors analyzed the complication rates and the clinical outcomes for patients with adult DLS undergoing complex decompressive procedures with fusion versus minimally invasive surgical approaches. Minimally invasive surgical approaches included decompressive laminectomy, microscopic decompression, lateral and extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), and percutaneous pedicle screw placement for fusion. Mean patient age, complication rates, reoperation rates, Cobb angle, and measures of sagittal balance were investigated and compared between groups. Results Twelve studies were identified for comparison in the MIS group, with 8 studies describing the lateral interbody fusion or XLIF and 4 studies describing decompression without fusion. In the decompression MIS group, the mean preoperative Cobb angle was 16.7° and mean postoperative Cobb angle was 18°. In the XLIF group, mean pre- and postoperative Cobb angles were 22.3° and 9.2°, respectively. The difference in postoperative Cobb angle was statistically significant between groups on 1-way ANOVA (p = 0.014). Mean preoperative Cobb angle, mean patient age, and complication rate did not differ between the XLIF and decompression groups. Thirty-five studies were identified for inclusion in the open surgery group, with 18 studies describing patients with open fusion without osteotomy and 17 papers detailing outcomes after open fusion with osteotomy. Mean preoperative curve in the open fusion without osteotomy and with osteotomy groups was 41.3° and 32°, respectively. Mean reoperation rate was significantly higher in the osteotomy group (p = 0.008). On 1-way ANOVA comparing all groups, there was a statistically significant difference in mean age (p = 0.004) and mean preoperative curve (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between groups (p = 0.28). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that surgeons are offering patients open surgery or MIS depending on their age and the severity of their deformity. Greater sagittal and coronal correction was noted in the XLIF versus decompression only MIS groups. Larger Cobb angles, greater sagittal imbalance, and higher reoperation rates were found in studies reporting the use of open fusion with osteotomy. Although complication rates did not significantly differ between groups, these data are difficult to interpret given the heterogeneity in reporting complications between studies.

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Berjano, Pedro, and Claudio Lamartina. "Far lateral approaches (XLIF) in adult scoliosis." European Spine Journal 22, S2 (July 27, 2012): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2426-5.

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Narita, Wataru, Ryota Takatori, Yuji Arai, Masateru Nagae, Hitoshi Tonomura, Tatsuro Hayashida, Taku Ogura, Hiroyoshi Fujiwara, and Toshikazu Kubo. "Prevention of neurological complications using a neural monitoring system with a finger electrode in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 25, no. 4 (October 2016): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.1.spine151069.

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OBJECTIVE Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a minimally disruptive surgical procedure that uses a lateral approach. There is, however, concern about the development of neurological complications when this approach is used, particularly at the L4–5 level. The authors performed a prospective study of the effects of a new neural monitoring system using a finger electrode to prevent neurological complications in patients treated with XLIF and compared the results to results obtained in historical controls. METHODS The study group comprised 36 patients (12 male and 24 female) who underwent XLIF for lumbar spine degenerative spondylolisthesis or lumbar spine degenerative scoliosis at L4–5 or a lower level. Using preoperative axial MR images obtained at the mid-height of the disc at the treated level, we calculated the psoas position value (PP%) by dividing the distance from the posterior border of the vertebral disc to the posterior border of the psoas major muscle by the anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral disc. During the operation, the psoas major muscle was dissected using an index finger fitted with a finger electrode, and threshold values of the dilator were recorded before and after dissection. Eighteen cases in which patients had undergone the same procedure for the same indications but without use of the finger electrode served as historical controls. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, PP values, clinical results, and neurological complications were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The mean PP% values in the control and finger electrode groups were 17.5% and 20.1%, respectively (no significant difference). However, 6 patients in the finger electrode group had a rising psoas sign with PP% values of 50% or higher. The mean threshold value before dissection in the finger electrode group was 13.1 ± 5.9 mA, and this was significantly increased to 19.0 ± 1.5 mA after dissection (p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between PP% and threshold values before dissection, but there was no correlation with threshold values after dissection. The thresholds after dissection improved to 11 mA or higher in all patients. There were no serious neurological complications in any patient, but there was a significantly lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms in the finger electrode group (7 [38%] of 18 cases vs 5 [14%] of 36 cases, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS The new neural monitoring system using a finger electrode may be useful to prevent XLIF-induced neurological complications.

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Zhou, Y., S. P. Feofilov, J. Y. Jeong, D. A. Keszler, and R. S. Meltzer. "Quantum cutting in GdxY1−xLiF4: Nd—dynamics and mechanisms." Journal of Luminescence 119-120 (July 2006): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.12.055.

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Paulino, Carl, Ashish Patel, and Alexandra Carrer. "Anatomical considerations for the extreme lateral (XLIF) approach." Current Orthopaedic Practice 21, no. 4 (July 2010): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0b013e3181e2bc39.

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Coe, Jeffrey D., and S. Craig Meyer. "Lumbar Plexus Palsy after XLIF: An Avoidable Complication?" Spine Journal 10, no. 9 (September 2010): S138—S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.357.

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Uribe, Juan S., Jim A. Youssef, and Robert E. Isaacs. "Hip Flexion Weakness after XLIF: The “Angry Psoas”." Spine Journal 14, no. 11 (November 2014): S81—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.08.209.

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Thyagarajan, K., V. Aruna, V. Madhusudhana Rao, R. Gopalakrishnan, and S. Buddhudu. "Physical properties of (100-x) B2O3+ xLiF optical glasses." Ferroelectrics Letters Section 22, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315179608204762.

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Keshavarzi, Sassan, Christopher Ames, Gregory Mundis, Murat Pekmezci, Behrooz Akbarnia, Michael Weber, and Vedat Deviren. "The Utility and Limitations of XLIF for Adult Scoliosis." Spine Journal 11, no. 10 (October 2011): S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2011.08.391.

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Deviren, Vedat, Jessica A. Tang, Justin K. Scheer, Jenni M. Buckley, Murat Pekmezci, R. Trigg McClellan, and Christopher P. Ames. "Construct Rigidity after Fatigue Loading in Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy with or without Adjacent Interbody Structural Cages." Global Spine Journal 2, no. 4 (December 2012): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1331460.

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Introduction Studies document rod fracture in pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) settings where disk spaces were preserved above or adjacent to the PSO. This study compares the multidirectional bending rigidity and fatigue life of PSO segments with or without interbody support. Methods Twelve specimens received bilateral T12–S1 posterior fixation and L3 PSO. Six received extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) cages in addition to PSO at L2–L3 and L3–L4; six had PSO only. Flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation (AR) tests were conducted up to 7.5 Newton-meters (Nm) for groups: (1) posterior fixation, (2) L3 PSO, (3) addition of cages (six specimens). Relative motion across the osteotomy (L2–L4) and entire fixation site (T12–S1) was measured. All specimens were then fatigue tested for 35K cycles. Results Regardingmultiaxial bending, there was a significant 25.7% reduction in AR range of motion across L2–L4 following addition of cages. Regarding fatigue bending, dynamic stiffness, though not significant ( p = 0.095), was 22.2% greater in the PSO + XLIF group than in the PSO-only group. Conclusions Results suggest that placement of interbody cages in PSO settings has a potential stabilizing effect, which is modestly evident in the acute setting. Inserting cages in a second-stage surgery remains a viable option and may benefit patients in terms of recovery but additional clinical studies are necessary to confirm this.

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Adamus, M., L. Hrabalek, T. Wanek, and K. Konupcikova. "Intraoperative reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex during XLIF surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 28 (June 2011): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-201106001-00429.

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Rodgers, Wm B., Curtis S. Cox, and Edward J. Gerber. "20. Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) in the Morbidly Obese." Spine Journal 8, no. 5 (September 2008): 10S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2008.06.023.

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Talantikite-Touati, D., and L. Benziada. "Synthesis and Characterization of (1-x)BaTiO3-xBaF2-xLiF Ceramics." Ferroelectrics 429, no. 1 (January 2012): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2012.676978.

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Oliveira, Leonardo, Luis Marchi, Etevaldo Coutinho, and Luiz Pimenta. "The Subsidence Rate in XLIF Osteoporotic Patients in Standalone Procedures." Spine Journal 10, no. 9 (September 2010): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.141.

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Peterson, Mark D. "Complications avoidance in extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF): video lecture." European Spine Journal 24, S3 (April 2015): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-3947-5.

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Berjano, Pedro, Oliver P. Gautschi, Frédéric Schils, and Enrico Tessitore. "Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF®): how I do it." Acta Neurochirurgica 157, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2248-9.

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Hatem, G., and M. Gaune-Escard. "Excess molar enthalpies of the molten-salt mixtures: {(1 − x)Li2SO4 + xNaF}(l), {(1 − x)Na2SO4 + xLiF}(l), and {(1 − x)Li2SO4 + xLiF}(l)." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 19, no. 10 (October 1987): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(87)90020-6.

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Komiya, Itta, Keisuke Nakao, Kiyofumi Yamagiwa, and Jun Kuwano. "Effects of LiF Addition in Lithium Ion Conductor La_0.56Li_0.33TiO₃." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.229.

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The compositions La0.56Li0.33TiO2.95F0.05•xLiF (x=0-025) were prepared by addition of LiF to the disordered form of the well-known Li ion conductor La0.56Li0.33TiO3. Although the total conductivities improved, there was no change in the bulk conductivity with LiF addition. No reflections due to LiF were observed in their XRD patterns, and the profiles and the chemical shifts of their 19F MAS-NMR resonances were almost the same as those of LiF. The results indicate that no substitution of F takes place, and that the added LiF acts simply as a sintering assistant agent.

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Stocsits, Anna, Sara Lener, Pierre Pascal Girod, Anto Abramovič, Claudius Thomé, and Sebastian Hartmann. "Kyphotic deformity of the lumbar spine due to a monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the second lumbar vertebra: a case report and its surgical management." Acta Neurochirurgica 162, no. 11 (August 17, 2020): 2927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04531-2.

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Abstract Monostotic fibrous dysplasia (MFD) of the lumbar spine represents an exceedingly rare lesion. A 26-year-old patient presented with a progressive osteolytic lesion of the vertebral body L2 and the diagnosis of MFD. A minimally invasive left-sided eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) approach with resection of the vertebral body L2 with placement of a mesh cage was performed. No complications were observed perioperatively and the symptoms rapidly improved. Minimally invasive piecemeal resection with a combined dorsolateral approach showed a favorable clinical and radiological outcome and seems to be a safe and reliable technique for MFD.

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Wright, Neill. "P141. Instrumented extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) through a single approach." Spine Journal 5, no. 4 (July 2005): S177—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2005.05.356.

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Journal articles on the topic 'XLIFF'

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