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1
Aoudia, L., C. Debaine-Francfort, A. Idriss, and X. Hu. "Quand la chaîne opératoire funéraire se dévoile : sépultures de l'âge du bronze dans le désert du Taklamakan (Chine du Nord-Ouest)." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 1-2 (March 29, 2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0155-8.
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Le désert du Taklamakan, dans la province du Xinjiang (ancien Turkestan chinois), région aride de la Chine du Nord-Ouest, fait l'objet de fouilles et de prospections depuis le début des années 1990 par la mission archéologique franco-chinoise au Xinjiang. Cette mission a notamment mis au jour des momies spontanées en contexte sépulcral (momification naturelle sans intervention anthropique). La zone funéraire dite du Cimetière nord, datée deca. 1900-1500 cal. BC, se situe dans un delta fossile de la rivière Keriya qui traversait autrefois le désert de Taklamakan. L'état de conservation exceptionnel de ces sépultures offre l'opportunité d'une lecture directe de chaque séquence de la chaîne opératoire funéraire. Elle permet également de nous interroger sur certains paramètres dont dépend le traitement du cadavre, en particulier l'existence de séquences funéraires différentielles en fonction du sexe ou de l'âge du défunt. Nos résultats montrent que le traitement du cadavre selon son sexe biologique concerne des critères de différenciation qui auraient sans aucun doute échappé à l'observation en milieu tempéré – sans la conservation due à la momification naturelle. En outre, l'étude montre également que la population de l'âge du Bronze a appliqué une chaîne opératoire funéraire qui pourrait avoir utilisé le milieu naturel pour favoriser la momification des cadavres.
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Zreik, Mohamad. "Historical Developments of China's Xinjiang Province or Western Region." Indikator: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/indikator.v6i2.15069.
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In this study, the author examines the history of Xinjiang, which has since become a province of China and a vital component of the mainland's culture. This research is entirely based on secondary sources using historical research methods. In addition to the analytical descriptive technique, the functional approach was allotted. According to the findings, ethnic and religious diversity abounds in Xinjiang. Even though Xinjiang has been the site of several conflicts and invasions, the Silk Road has made it a more vital commercial route for the region's ethnic groups and neighboring countries. Xinjiang's residents followed a variety of faiths, including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Islam.
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Senapati, Chittaranjan. "Rise of China and Ethnic Minority in Xinjiang." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i2.104.
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With the rise of China and its increasing exposure to the international media, voices were raised regarding the development and social changes that have been happening in the various provinces of China. The developments in Xinjiang also came under scrutiny and it has been used by the international media to criticise China with regard to the human rights issues and religious freedom in Xinjiang. The Uighurs Muslims being the ethnic minority in China, this article looks into the concept of minority in China, the constitutional provisions, as well as outlines the development that have happened in the province. Taking an objective view of the developments in Xinjiang in terms of education, health, employment and other parameters, the article provides an empirical glimpse into the province.
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Wan, Qiong, Junmin Liang, Yong Luo, and Zhanhong Ma. "Population Genetic Structure of Puccinia striiformis in Northwestern China." Plant Disease 99, no. 12 (December 2015): 1764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0144-re.
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Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in China. Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu Provinces, located in the northwest of China, are the key regions for interregional epidemics of wheat stripe rust due to their geographic as well as crop-planting features, in relation to pathogen’s life cycle, reproduction, and population genetics. To study the population genetic structures of the pathogen in these areas, 217 isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici were collected from different geographic locations at various elevations in the three provinces. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotypes and virulence phenotypes were analyzed for Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu populations. Frequent genotypic exchanges between Xinjiang and Qinghai and between Qinghai and Gansu populations were detected, demonstrating that the populations of Xinjiang and Gansu may not be completely isolated. Genotypic diversity in Gansu Province was much higher than that in Xinjiang or Qinghai Province. The Xinjiang population was genetically closer to the Qinghai population than to the Gansu population. The race dynamic patterns in Qinghai were consistent with those in Gansu but the similar component pattern of the race dynamics in Xinjiang appeared late, following those in Gansu and other interior epidemic regions of China. No significant correlation between the AFLP genetic distance and the virulence distance in the Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu populations was determined. A possible recombination signature of the pathogen population was detected in Gansu population and some subpopulations in Qinghai but not in Xinjiang population.
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Nazemtseva, Elena. "“Sunset” of Imperial and “Rise” of Soviet Policy in Xinjiang Province: Diplomats of the Former Russian Empire and “Soviet Consuls” in 1917-1920." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 5 (2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120021109-0.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of diplomatic relations between Russia and China in East Turkestan (Xinjiang) in 1917-1920. After the collapse of the Russian Empire and the outbreak of the Civil War in Russia, diplomats representing the interests of the former Russian state remained in their posts and continued to perform their duties. So did the Russian consuls in the Chinese province of Xinjiang — A.A. Dyakov, V.V. Dolbezhev, V.F. Luba, A.I. Uspensky. After the October revolution of 1917 the leadership of Soviet Russia sent its representatives to China, demanding the resignation of the consuls of the former Russian Empire. The Chinese authorities at the official level did not recognize the government of Soviet Russia and refused to establish relations with the representatives who arrived, at the same time allowing the leadership of the border provinces of China, in particular, Xinjiang province, to carry out informal contacts with them. The representatives of Soviet Russia who arrived in Xinjiang demanded not only the termination of the powers of the former tsarist consuls, but also their extradition, but were refused. The instability of the situation in Russia and the threat of the introduction of Red Army units into the territory of the province forced its authorities to continue contacts with Soviet representatives, while maintaining relations with former consuls. The events on the fronts of the Civil War led to the fact that the authorities of Xinjiang finally refocused on establishing relations with representatives of Soviet Russia, and the former tsarist consuls, except A.A. Dyakov, left Xinjiang, and then China.
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Lang, Yumiao, Yao Cheng, Hongru Yang, Qingzhi Chen, Qian Liu, Xiaoteng Wang, Pengsha Bian, and Xiaoxi Yang. "Study on identification of red jujube origin by multi-element analysis." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 14, no. 4 (November 7, 2022): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i4.1139.
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In order to explore the feasibility of mineral element analysis on the origin of red jujube, and to screen the effective indicators to distinguish the origin of red jujube, 34 samples of red jujube were collected from Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu provinces of China. The contents of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, B, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ba, Tl, Ge, Zr, Li, Rb, Cs, La, Ce and Nd in the samples of red jujube were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and analyzed by variance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), clustering analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). The results demonstrated that the content of mineral elements in red jujube from different regions has its own characteristics. The average contents of Na and Ge in red jujube were the highest from Xinjiang province, while the average contents of Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Ba and Cs were the lowest. The average contents of Ca, Ba and Ti in red jujube in Hebei province were the highest, the average contents of K, Mn and Rb in red jujube in Shanxi province were the highest, and the average contents of Mg, P, Al, B, Ti, Fe and Cu in Gansu province were the highest. The content of Na in Xinjiang province was three times more than that of Gansu province, and the content of Rb in Hebei province was four times more than that of Xinjiang province. PCA explained 82.1% of total variation, indicating that it played a vital role in the classification of mineral elements of red jujube. Red jujube was divided into five groups at a cluster distance of 9.0, indicating that clustering analysis has achieved ideal results in the origin traceability of red jujube. By discriminant analysis, the correct discriminant rate of 100% was established for samples from Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu provinces. Facts have proved that it is feasible to judge the traceability of the origin of red jujube by using multi-element analysis.
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Alam, Khalid Mehmood, Li Xuemei, Saranjam Baig, Faqeer Muhammad, Jingxiao Sun, and Muhammad Tariq. "Impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the China-Europe and China-Middle East trading route selection." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): e0288328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288328.
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This research examines the potential impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on the selection of trading routes between China, the Middle East, and Europe, with a specific focus on the transportation of a 40-foot standard container carrying general commodities. The study compares traditional routes with the new CPEC routes in terms of time, distance, and cost. The findings indicate that the new CPEC routes offer reduced travel time and distance when compared to the traditional routes across all provinces involved. The research reveals that the cost of road transportation along the new CPEC route is lower for Xinjiang province, but higher for the other provinces. By utilizing the new CPEC routes, the time required for goods to travel from China to the Middle East and Europe will be reduced by 10 to 20 days. Furthermore, the distance covered in this trade route will be shortened by 3,000 to 10,000 kilometres. Specifically, the province of Xinjiang in western China stands to benefit significantly from the new CPEC routes, saving approximately $2,000 on trade with the Middle East and Europe. These findings highlight the potential advantages and economic benefits that can be realized by leveraging the CPEC for trade between China, the Middle East, and Europe, particularly in terms of reduced transportation time and distance.
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Liu, Qiongzhi, Bang Cui, and Chan Luo. "A Study on the Fiscal Sustainability of China’s Provinces." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315678.
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Fiscal imbalances in China are widening; the problem of fiscal sustainability in each province is becoming increasingly serious. However, so far, few studies have focused on the issue of the fiscal sustainability of China’s provinces. This paper will focus on it to clarify the degree of fiscal sustainability in China’s provinces. In this paper, the GH test method is used to analyze the structural breaking of fiscal revenue and expenditure data of each province, the panel cointegration method is used to analyze the relationship between fiscal revenue and expenditure and DOLS is used to estimate the degree of fiscal sustainability of each province. It is found that the fiscal sustainability of most provinces in China, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, is strong, while that of some provinces, such as Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang, is weak. This paper states that people should pay more attention to the fiscal sustainability of China’s provinces, and provinces with weak fiscal sustainability should minimize unproductive expenditures while the central government should continue to give appropriate financial support to local governments.
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Yuan, Yue-Si, Zi-Yi Cao, Yu-Ting Chen, Pei-Lin Gong, Guo-Hui Huang, and Lu He. "Efficiency Analysis of the Crop Production in China in 2019 and 2020: Role of Uncertainty Perceptions in COVID-19." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7044474.
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This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to determine crop production efficiency in 15 major provinces of China during 2019-2020. The total power of agricultural machinery, the application amount of chemical fertilizer, the irrigation area of cultivated land, the area of grain sowing, and the total capacity of reservoirs in each province are defined as the input items. The production of food, production of oil plants, and production of fruits are considered output items. According to the findings from the DEA, the most efficient crop production is observed in Shandong and Xinjiang provinces. We also discuss the role of farmers’ uncertainty perceptions in COVID-19. By cluster analysis, the provinces with large grain sown area and high grain yield are Henan and Heilongjiang, the provinces with moderate grain production in the grain sown area are Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and Xinjiang, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin are the provinces with low grain production.
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Ma, Jun, Jianhua Xiao, Xiang Gao, Boyang Liu, Hao Chen, and Hongbin Wang. "Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease in animals in China, 2010–2016." PeerJ 5 (December 22, 2017): e4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4193.
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased animals (1,691 serotype A and 4,284 serotype O cases). Spatial autocorrelation, including global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, as well as directional distribution analysis, were performed. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 did not show clustering (P > 0.05). In 2013 and 2014, the FMD serotype A hotspots areas were Tibet (Z = 3.3236,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.2001,P < 0.001 in 2014) and Xinjiang provinces (Z = 4.2113,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.9888,P < 0.001 in 2014). The FMD serotype O hotspots areas were: Xinjiang (Z = 2.5832,P = 0.0098) province in 2010; Tibet (Z = 3.8814,P < 0.001) and Xinjiang (Z = 4.9128,P < 0.001) provinces in 2011; and Tibet (Z = 3.0838,P = 0.0020), Xinjiang (Z = 3.8705,P < 0.001) and Qinghai (Z = 2.8875,P = 0.0039) provinces in 2013. The distribution of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 showed a significant directional trend (northwest-southeast). In conclusion, our findings revealed the spatial patterns of FMD cases, which may provide beneficial information for the prevention and control of FMD.
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PANG, WANTING, and QUANXI WANG. "Chrysophycean stomatocysts from Xinjiang Province, China." Phytotaxa 288, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.288.1.4.
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Chrysophycean stomatocysts from 167 samples taken at 35 localities in Xinjiang Province, China were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The stomatocysts assemblages are characterized by low diversity and low abundance. Only 19 morphotypes were identified, of which nine are new to science. New stomatocysts were described following International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines. This is the first report of chrysophycean stomatocysts from Central Asia.
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Paisley, James. "Religious Liberty in Xinjiang." Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/1808.21356.
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Xinjiang Province, the far western province of China, has noted an increase in domestic terrorism as a result Uighurs that are radicalized through feelings of religious and ethnic oppression. China is also not evenly implementing its laws on religious protections. This paper suggests a change in Beijing’s policy towards Xinjiang that promotes religious liberty for Uighur Muslims, which will be more conductive to Beijing’s ultimate goals for peace, stability, and unity in the region.
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Qin, Jiancheng, Lei Gao, Weihu Tu, Jing He, Jingzhe Tang, Shuying Ma, Xiaoyang Zhao, Xingzhe Zhu, Karthikeyan Brindha, and Hui Tao. "Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Xinjiang Energy Base, China." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155526.
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China faces a difficult choice of maintaining socioeconomic development and carbon emissions mitigation. Analyzing the decoupling relationship between economic development and carbon emissions and its driving factors from a regional perspective is the key for the Chinese government to achieve the 2030 emission reduction target. This study adopted the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method and Tapio index, decomposed the driving forces of the decoupling, and measured the sector’s decoupling states from carbon emissions in Xinjiang province, China. The results found that: (1) Xinjiang’s carbon emissions increased from 93.34 Mt in 2000 to 468.12 Mt in 2017. Energy-intensive industries were the key body of carbon emissions in Xinjiang. (2) The economic activity effect played the decisive factor to carbon emissions increase, which account for 93.58%, 81.51%, and 58.62% in Xinjiang during 2000–2005, 2005–2010, and 2010–2017, respectively. The energy intensity effect proved the dominant influence for carbon emissions mitigation, which accounted for −22.39% of carbon emissions increase during 2000–2010. (3) Weak decoupling (WD), expansive coupling (EC), expansive negative decoupling (END) and strong negative decoupling (SND) were identified in Xinjiang during 2001 to 2017. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita elasticity has a major inhibitory effect on the carbon emissions decoupling. Energy intensity elasticity played a major driver to the decoupling in Xinjiang. Most industries have not reached the decoupling state in Xinjiang. Fuel processing, power generation, chemicals, non-ferrous, iron and steel industries mainly shown states of END and EC. On this basis, it is suggested that local governments should adjust the industrial structure, optimize energy consumption structure, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction to tap the potential of carbon emissions mitigation in key sectors.
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Gul, Shabnam, Ali Khan, and Aftab Alam. "China's Built and Road Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities in Xinjiang." Global Economics Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-ii).06.
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China's peaceful ascent has had a significant impact on the global economic system. There are two major reasons for this: the first and most important is Beijing's peaceful expansionist policies, and the second is its advanced industries and technologies. Their goal is to dominate global raw materials as well as the market through their goods. China has been working hard to promote built-and-road policies around the world in order to attain these aims, but it is also confronting various intra- and inter-level possibilities and obstacles. The purpose of this article is to analyse the Built-Road and the Sino-Pak economic corridor in general, as well as the obstacles and prospects for China's Xinjiang province in particular. Xinjiang's ambitious economic development plan calls for more than $8 billion in spending over the next five years alone. Its goal is to fully integrate Xinjiang into China's booming economy and absorb its people as equal citizens of the multi-ethnic state ruled by Beijing.
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Wu, Sanmang, Yalin Lei, and Li Li. "Resource Distribution, Interprovincial Trade, and Embodied Energy: A Case Study of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/910835.
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Based on data from 2007 input-output tables for each province, we estimated the energy embodied in China’s interprovincial trade through input-output analysis. The results show that a sizable transfer of energy is embodied in China’s interprovincial trade, and the transfer goes from the central and western provinces, which have higher energy endowments, to the eastern and coastal provinces, which have more developed economies. The provinces with the greatest net inflow of embodied energy via interprovincial trade were Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, Shandong, and Jiangsu. The provinces with the greatest net outflow of embodied energy were Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. To effectively reduce China’s energy consumption, it is vital to adhere not only to the producer responsibility principle but also to the consumer responsibility principle. In particular, the economically developed provinces with substantial net inflows of embodied energy in interprovincial trade should provide support to the provinces from which the embodied energy outflows come.
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Yue, Lei, Xuehua Shao, Jianhao Dong, Guoyi Xia, Xiang Yan, Aizimaitijiang Tuerxun, and Wei Lu. "The Effects of Different Cotton Varieties on the Growth and Feeding Preferences of Helicoverpa armigera." Insects 16, no. 2 (January 24, 2025): 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020115.
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Morris, S. Conway, and A. J. Chapman. "Lower Cambrian coeloscleritophorans (Ninella, Siphogonuchites) from Xinjiang and Shaanxi, China." Geological Magazine 133, no. 1 (January 1996): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800007238.
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AbstractNinella tarimensis from the Lower Cambrian Yurtus Formation of western Xinjiang, China, is shown to be a relative of the halkieriids and siphogonuchitids. These are known principally from dispersed sclerites, presumably secreted by slug-like organisms that were an abundant component of the Cambrian benthos. The sclerites of N. tarimensis are relatively small, strongly recurved and usually possess an upper surface ornamented with transverse sculpture. The lower surface is more or less smooth and is joined to the upper surface via steep faces that may be grooved. The apertural region is quadrate in outline and bears a circular foramen. Ninella is fairly widespread and is known from elsewhere in China (Guizhou and Shaanxi Provinces) and from Kazakhstan. A brief description of the siphogonuchitid scleritome is also presented, based on dispersed sclerites and shells from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi Province, China. Formal synonymy of the sciotaxa Siphogonuchites, Dabashanites, Lopochites, and Maikhanella as Siphogonuchites is proposed.
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NEWBY, L. J. "Bondage on Qing China's Northwestern Frontier." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 968–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000261.
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AbstractDespite the extensive literature on global slavery and servitude, human bondage in Xinjiang (Eastern Turkestan) during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been largely neglected. Here bondage did not discriminate between ethnic, racial or religious groups and fulfilled a wide range of social, economic, and political functions, reflecting both the region's geographical position at the edge of Central Asia and its political position—first as a dependency and then as a province of Qing China. This paper discusses the nature of the forms of bondage that emerged in this unique geopolitical setting and suggests that the emancipation of Xinjiang's ‘British’ slaves at the end of the nineteenth century and the gradual decline of bondage resulted from a convergence of local, regional, and global forces.
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Yuan, Zhe, Jijun Xu, Dengming Yan, Liqiang Yao, and Keke Sun. "Drought Risk Assessment in China Based on Water Resources System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012132.
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Abstract Based on the risk theory, drought hazard, drought exposure and drought vulnerability were evaluated by precipitation, water consumption and water supply, respectively. A model of drought risk assessment method was thus proposed and it is finally applied in China. The results showed that the drought hazard index in the eastern monsoon region was higher, the drought exposure index in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, north China Plain, Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Autonomous Region was higher, the drought vulnerability in the southern region is higher. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, north China Plain, southwest China, Heilongjiang province in northeast China and Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwest China are at high risk of drought.
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Mengfan, Qiao, Wang Xifeng, Zhang Guowu, Meng Qingling, Qiao Jun, Wang Lixia, Cai Kuojun, et al. "Molecular detection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 3 in commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0071.
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AbstractIntroductionPorcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered porcine circovirus. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Xinjiang province, China still being unclear, the aim of the study was their elucidation.Material and MethodsA total of 393 clinical samples were collected from pigs on commercial farms in nine different regions of Xinjiang and phylogenetic analysis based on full-length Cap genes was performed.ResultsThe prevalence at farm level was 100%, while in all the tested samples it was 22.39%. Nine PCV3 strains were detected in Xinjiang province and they shared 98.9–99.3% nucleotide and 97.5–100.0% Cap gene amino acid sequence identities with other epidemic strains from China and abroad. Compared with other epidemic strains of PCV3, there were 26 base mutation sites in the Cap gene in the nine Xinjiang strains, resulting in the mutation of amino acids at positions 20, 24, 75, 77, 108, 111 and 206. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains can be divided into two different genetic groups, to the first of which five strains affiliated and divided between subgroups 1.1 and 1.2, and to the second of which the other four strains affiliated and similarly divided between subgroups 2.1 and 2.2.ConclusionPCV3 circulates widely among commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China, and displays obvious genetic diversity. The results provide epidemiological information useful for the prevention and control of PCV3 infection in the pig industry.
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You, Qingmin, Quanxi Wang, and John Patrick Kociolek. "NewGomphonemaEhrenberg (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China." Diatom Research 30, no. 1 (October 8, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.2014.952783.
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Zhang, Xiao-Xiao, Brenton Sharratt, Xi Chen, Zi-Fa Wang, Lian-You Liu, Yu-Hong Guo, Jie Li, Huan-Sheng Chen, and Wen-Yi Yang. "Dust deposition and ambient PM<sub>10</sub> concentration in northwest China: spatial and temporal variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 1699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1699-2017.
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Abstract. Eolian dust transport and deposition are important geophysical processes which influence global bio-geochemical cycles. Currently, reliable deposition data are scarce in central and east Asia. Located at the boundary of central and east Asia, Xinjiang Province of northwestern China has long played a strategic role in cultural and economic trade between Asia and Europe. In this paper, we investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation in dust deposition and ambient PM10 (particulate matter in aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration from 2000 to 2013 in Xinjiang Province. This variation was assessed using environmental monitoring records from 14 stations in the province. Over the 14 years, annual average dust deposition across stations in the province ranged from 255.7 to 421.4 t km−2. Annual dust deposition was greater in southern Xinjiang (663.6 t km−2) than northern (147.8 t km−2) and eastern Xinjiang (194.9 t km−2). Annual average PM10 concentration across stations in the province varied from 100 to 196 µg m−3 and was 70, 115 and 239 µg m−3 in northern, eastern and southern Xinjiang, respectively. The highest annual dust deposition (1394.1 t km−2) and ambient PM10 concentration (352 µg m−3) were observed in Hotan, which is located in southern Xinjiang and at the southern boundary of the Taklamakan Desert. Dust deposition was more intense during the spring and summer than other seasons. PM10 was the main air pollutant that significantly influenced regional air quality. Annual average dust deposition increased logarithmically with ambient PM10 concentration (R2 ≥ 0.81). While the annual average dust storm frequency remained unchanged from 2000 to 2013, there was a positive relationship between dust storm days and dust deposition and PM10 concentration across stations. This study suggests that sand storms are a major factor affecting the temporal variability and spatial distribution of dust deposition in northwest China.
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Kang, Lei, and Siyou Xia. "Study on Urbanization Sustainability of Xinjiang in China: Connotation, Indicators and Measurement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032535.
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BACKGROUND: Current research about sustainability evaluations in urbanization pays limited attention to certain areas of the world, thus potentially leading to an incomplete portrayal of the rich connotation of sustainable development. In fact, the existing evaluation criteria used by researchers in this field may not be generalizable due to regional variations. This study evaluated urbanization sustainability in Xinjiang Province (China) taking into account different perspectives, such as security and stability, social integration, economic vitality, happiness and livability, and ecological health. The aim was to develop an urbanization sustainability evaluation system, resulting in a new Index customized to regional characteristics and local development needs. METHODS: A spatial clustering analysis methodology was adopted to reveal the prominence of 15 issues in different areas of Xinjiang. RESULTS: Overall, the results showed low urbanization sustainability in Xinjiang, with significant intra-regional variability. The dimensions of security and stability scored the lowest in the newly developed Index, indicating specific aspects of weakness in Xinjiang’s urbanization sustainability. Social integration scored highly in the new index, implying that this aspect plays a supporting role in the urbanization sustainability of the region. Nevertheless, economic vitality scored low, representing a limitation for the region’s urbanization sustainability, as well as the happiness and livability dimensions. On the contrary, the parameter of ecological health scored high, despite spatial variances. Urbanization sustainability within each prefecture was further categorized as high, balanced, or low, revealing the main challenges faced by each prefecture during urbanization. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this study was to divert attention to the urbanization sustainability in different regions of the world, considering their particularity and diversity, thereby providing a research paradigm for scientific evaluation of urbanization sustainability.
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LIU, JIHONG, ULLA LARSEN, and GRACE WYSHAK. "PREVALENCE OF PRIMARY INFERTILITY IN CHINA: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF INFERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS IN THREE MINORITY PROVINCE/AUTONOMOUS REGIONS." Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 1 (December 8, 2004): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003006461.
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Following the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development, there was a shift in emphasis on women’s reproductive health and there emerged a need for more knowledge about levels and differentials of infertility. Using the data from the 1988 National TwoPer-Thousand Sample Survey on Fertility and Contraception, this paper estimated the prevalence of primary infertility in China. To determine the predictors of primary infertility, multiple logistic regression analyses were done on three minority province/autonomous regions where primary infertility was the highest. A non-contracepting, sexually active woman was considered to have primary infertility if she had not reported a recognized pregnancy after at least seven years of marriage. The analysis shows that the national level of primary infertility was relatively low (1·3%). Primary infertility was higher in Qinghai (2·3%), Tibet (3·7%) and Xinjiang (3·7%) compared with other provinces. Tibetans in Qinghai and Uygurs in Xinjiang had a higher level of primary infertility than the Han Chinese. Ethnic differences remained after adjusting for other background characteristics. Divorced and remarried women had significantly higher odds of primary infertility compared with first-married women in Qinghai and Xinjiang. The elevated level of primary infertility in Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang and its disproportionate prevalence among Tibetans and Uygurs highlight the need for further work to understand the causes and social consequences of infertility for the minority population in China.
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Zhan, Gangming, Fuping Wang, Cuiping Wan, Qingmei Han, Lili Huang, Zhensheng Kang, and Xianming Chen. "Virulence and Molecular Diversity of the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Population in Xinjiang in Relation to Other Regions of Western China." Plant Disease 100, no. 1 (January 2016): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-14-1142-re.
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In recent years, wheat stripe rust caused severe yield losses in western China, especially the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The population of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the vast region had not been well studied. To determine the population structure and compare it with the populations in the neighboring provinces or autonomous regions, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, and Tibet in western China were characterized by virulence tests with 19 wheat genotypes that are used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China and by genotyping tests with 15 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 56 races, including 39 previously known and 17 new races, were identified from 308 isolates obtained from the three epidemiological regions covering five provinces, of which 27 previously known and 8 unknown races were detected in Xinjiang, higher than the numbers in either of the other two regions. The races in Xinjiang consisted of those historically and recently predominant races in other regions of China. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang had a higher genetic diversity than populations in other epidemiological regions. Molecular variation among subpopulations within Xinjiang was higher than in other regions. Both virulence and molecular data indicate that the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang is related to but more diverse than those in other epidemiological regions. The results show that Xinjiang is an important stripe rust epidemiological region in China, and the information should be useful for control of the disease in the region as well as in other regions.
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Zhang, Hanwen, Wenxiang Zhang, Yu Pan, Honghuan Li, Tao He, Qianqian Dong, Wenyan Song, et al. "Evolutionary Dynamics and Pathogenicity Analysis of Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Xinjiang, China." Microorganisms 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2024): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112205.
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Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a globally pervasive and highly pathogenic pathogen, has garnered significant attention recently due to the cross-species transmission of its variants. Despite the vast body of research conducted on FPV, studies exploring its evolutionary history, dynamics, and the factors driving its evolution remain scarce. The pathogenicity of strains with the prevalent mutations (A91S and I101T) in the VP2 protein has also not been fully elucidated. This study conducted a comparative analysis of FPV VP2 sequences sourced from Xinjiang province in China, other provinces in China, and other countries. It was confirmed that the evolutionary rate of FPV approached that of RNA viruses, at approximately 1.13 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year. The study reconstructed molecular models of the VP2 protein with the A91S and I101T mutations and used viral strains carrying these mutations to perform the animal regression experiment. It was confirmed that isolates with the A91S and I101T mutations could cause typical leukopenia and acute enteritis symptoms, suggesting that the mutant strains still possess certain pathogenicity. This is the first study to report on the evolutionary dynamics of FPV in Xinjiang, China, and it emphasized the importance of continuously monitoring FPV evolutionary dynamics.
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Xie, Pei, Xiaohui Lei, Yuhu Zhang, Mingna Wang, Ihnsup Han, and Qiuhua Chen. "Cluster analysis of drought variation and its mutation characteristics in Xinjiang province, during 1961–2015." Hydrology Research 49, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 1016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.105.
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Abstract The Xinjiang province of China is vulnerable to drought, but the occurrence of drought varies substantially among different sub-areas. This study investigated drought characteristics in Xinjiang province and its sub-area using the Mann–Kendall trend test, cluster analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that drought in Xinjiang is generally becoming less severe, and there is a non-uniform spatial variation of drought, which is especially pronounced for stations in northern Xinjiang. There is a unique spatiotemporal distribution trend of drought in Xinjiang, and the inter-decadal variation of drought shows a gradual shift from the east to the west and then back to the east again over the past 55 years. Northern Xinjiang is becoming wetter at a faster rate compared with that of southern Xinjiang, and it also has a higher occurrence of change point sites (70%). The historical drought situation in Xinjiang is better characterized by three clusters. Cluster 1 is the driest, cluster 2 has a clear alleviating tendency of drought, while cluster 3 shows late occurrence of change point. A broader view of the accumulated variation of drought is formulated in this study, which may help to identify potential droughts to support drought disaster management and mitigation.
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Song, Ning, Fen Liu, Min Han, Qiang Zhao, Qian Zhao, Hui Zhai, Xiang-Mei Li, Guo-Li Du, Xiao-Mei Li, and Yi-Ning Yang. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated risk factors among adult residents of northwest China: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e028131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028131.
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ObjectiveOverweight and obesity have been shown to be related to multiple chronic conditions, leading to a heavy economic burden on society throughout the world. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine potential influencing factors among adults in Xinjiang, northwest China.DesignA community-based observational study.SettingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.MethodsIn total, 14 618 adult participants (7799 males; 6819 females) aged over 35 years were recruited from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey conducted in 2010. Data were obtained from face-to-face interviews and physical examinations. The sample was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI) 24–28 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) in Xinjiang Province. Influencing factors were analysed based on statistical methods.ResultsIn Xinjiang Province, the overall prevalence of overweight was 36.5% (male 40.1%; female 33.4%), and the prevalence of obesity was 26.5% (male 27.2%; female 25.8%). The prevalence of both overweight and obesity were higher in women than in men (p<0.001). The main influencing factors for overweight and obesity were sex, age, race, marital status, education level, occupation, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study estimated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult residents of Xinjiang Province, northwest China, was high. These data suggest that efforts related to the prevention and control of overweight and obesity should be a public health priority in northwest China.
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Aierken, Aizezijiang, Xiaochen Zhu, Ningning Wang, Jiangtao Zhang, Weibin Li, Haishaerjiang Wushouer, and Kaisaier Abudukeremu. "Measuring Temporal Trends and Patterns of Inpatient Antibiotic Use in Northwest China’s Hospitals: Data from the Center for Antibacterial Surveillance, 2012–2022." Antibiotics 13, no. 8 (August 5, 2024): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080732.
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Background: The challenge of emerging antimicrobial resistance and variation in antibiotic use across provinces in China call for knowledge on antibiotic utilization at the regional level. This study aims to evaluate the long-term trends and patterns of antibiotic usage in Xinjiang Province, the largest provincial-level division located in the northwest of China, aiming to provide evidence in enhancing provincial antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and developing policy measures to optimize regional antimicrobial use. Methods: This was an ecological study with temporal trend analysis on inpatient antibiotic utilization, with antibiotic use data from 92 public hospitals covered by Xinjiang’s Center for Antibacterial Surveillance from 2012 to 2022. Antibiotic use was measured by the number of daily defined doses per 100 patient days (DDDs/100 pds). Patterns of antibiotic use were described by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) subgroups and the Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of antibiotic use and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to describe the trend of antibiotic use over time. Joinpoint regression was performed using the Weighted Bayesian Information Criteria (WBIC) model with a parametric method. A pairwise comparison between secondary and tertiary hospitals was conducted to explore disparities in antibiotic use across hospital levels. The most commonly used antibiotics were also analyzed. Results: The total inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang was 27.6 DDDs/100 patient days in 2022, with a significant decreasing trend during 2012–2022 (AAPC, −2.0%; 95% CI, −3.6% to −0.4%). The Watch group antibiotics were the most used AWaRe category, with the Access-to-Watch ratio decreasing significantly from 46.4% to 24.4% (AAPC, −6.8%; 95% CI, −8.4% to −5.1%). No significant difference was found in the trend of total antibiotic use between secondary and tertiary hospitals, but there were disparities across hospital levels in subgroups. Third-generation cephalosporins, second-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones remained the top three antibiotic class throughout the study period. The number of antibiotics accounting for 90% of the total antibiotic use decreased from 34 antibiotics in 2012 to 18 antibiotics in 2022. Conclusions: The decreasing trend of inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang’s public hospitals reflects the effects of continuous AMS implementation. Patterns of antibiotic use underscore the need for further efforts on evidence-based antibiotic selection and for analyses on the appropriateness of antibiotic use.
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YOU, QINGMIN, JOHN PATRICK KOCIOLEK, and QUANXI WANG. "The diatom genus Hantzschia (Bacillariophyta) in Xinjiang Province, China." Phytotaxa 197, no. 1 (February 4, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.1.1.
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Hantzschia species are uncommon in Xinjiang Province, usually found in small populations and found only in a few samples. However, the diversity in the region is relatively high, with 13 species and 1 variety being identified. Except for the cosmopolitan species H. amphioxys, H. abundans, H. virgata and H. distinctepunctata, most of the taxa in Hantzschia observed in this region have limited distributions, including H. vivacior, H. nitzschioides, H. compacta, H. barckhausenii, H. longa and H. vivax, as well as the species described herein as new. Four new species of Hantzschia are described: H. pseudobardii, H. sinensis, H. yili and H. subrobusta, a further two interesting species, H. vivacior and H. nitzschioides are documented with light and scanning electron microscopy. All species described are compared with other similar Hantzschia taxa from other localities or compared to holotype specimens. These data show a higher diversity of diatoms in Xinjiang Province than previously understood and provide additional information for understanding their biogeography.
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Macey, J. Robert, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Yuezhao Wang, and Theodore J. Papenfuss. "A Taxonomic Reevaluation of the Gekkonid Lizard Genus Teratoscincus in China." Russian Journal of Herpetology 4, no. 1 (October 15, 2011): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-1997-4-1-8-16.
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New collections of Teratoscincus from China and reexamination of type specimens in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, reveal that T. roborowskii Bedriaga, «1905» (1906), is a valid species. The type locality given by Bedriaga is in error and is here corrected to the Turpan Depression, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China where the species is endemic. Two additional species inhabit China, T. przewalskii (in the Taklimakan Desert, Hami Depression, Junggar Depression, and part of the Gobi Desert of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and adjacent provinces) and T. scincus (in the Ili River Valley of extreme western Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region).
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Ng, Lynda. "Civilization Perilous: Resituating Coetzee's Barbarians and the West." Journal of Modern Literature 46, no. 2 (January 2023): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jml.2023.a885849.
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Abstract: J.M. Coetzee's novel, Waiting for the Barbarians , has long been regarded as a political fable that takes place in an abstract, delocalized world. Source material in the Coetzee archive has revealed, however, that far from featuring a completely invented place, Barbarians is in fact set in the very real and recognizable terrain of Xinjiang, the Westernmost province of China. Relocating the novel into Xinjiang's multi-ethnic context has considerable implications for the way we are to understand Coetzee's positioning of civilized and barbarian peoples. It enables us to see how racialization is used to stabilize the abstract concepts of civilization and barbarism, moving beyond the black-white binary of South African apartheid. Perhaps most importantly, it draws attention to the racialized assumptions that readers themselves bring to the text and highlights the tenuous basis on which civilization constructs itself.
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Wang, HaiBo, Hui Cui, ZhengRong Ding, Pian Ba, ShuangLi Zhu, Ning Wen, LiXin Hao, et al. "Seroprevalence of Antipolio Antibodies among Children <15 Years of Age in Border Provinces in China." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 7 (May 15, 2013): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00092-13.
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ABSTRACTDespite remarkable progression toward polio eradication worldwide, wild poliovirus (WPV) importation has been a great challenge for China, as it shares borders with countries where WPV is endemic. The objective of this study was to estimate poliovirus antibody seroprevalence among children <15 years of age in 3 border provinces (Yunnan Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) in China. A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was undertaken in 3 border provinces in 2010. Individuals <15 years old who visited hospitals at the prefecture level or above to have their blood drawn for any reason were invited to participate in our study. Neutralizing antibody titers to polio serotypes 1 (P1), P2, and P3 were assayed according to the World Health Organization manual for the virological investigation of polio. Antibody titers of ≥8 were considered positive. Among the 1,360 subjects enrolled, 1,220 (89.7%), 1,259 (92.6%), and 1,112 (81.8%) were seropositive to P1, P2, and P3, respectively, and 1,051 (77.3%) subjects were seropositive to all three serotypes. The highest seropositive rates were observed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. By age, 3- to 5-year-old subjects had the highest rate of seropositivity, and seropositivity decreased significantly with increasing age. The risk of WPV importation will continue until WPV transmission has been interrupted worldwide. Consistent with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative's polio endgame strategy, China must maintain its polio-free status by ensuring adequate population immunity against polio. Because immunity wanes with increasing age, a booster dose with bivalent type 1 and 2 oral poliovirus vaccine could be considered for teenagers in China.
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Gao, Qiang, Refukati Xuehelati, Ying Wang, Kemei Li, and Xian-Bing Wang. "Identification of Alfalfa dwarf virus in Xinjiang Province, China." Plant Disease 105, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 3768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-21-0379-pdn.
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Zeng, Xiaojia, Shijie Li, Ingo Leya, Shijie Wang, Thomas Smith, Yang Li, and Peng Wang. "The Kumtag 016 L5 strewn field, Xinjiang Province, China." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 53, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 1113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.13073.
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YOU, QINGMIN, JOHN PATRICK KOCIOLEK, and QUANXI WANG. "New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China." Phytotaxa 103, no. 1 (May 28, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1.
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Eight new species of the diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve from Xinjiang Province of northwest China are described. Observations were made using light and scanning electron microscopy, documenting the morphological diversity of the taxa, all of which are part of the G. elegans lineage, and lack isolated stigmoids. Five of the new species (Gomphoneis pseudosubtiloides, G. xinjiangiana, G. basiorobusta, G. stoermeri and G. distorta) have porelli in the apical pore fields organized into two rows, similar to the organization of the striae areolae. Three species (G. subtiloides, G. qii and G. rostratoides) have porelli of similar size, shape and organization to the areolae, supporting the interpretation that the apical pore fields in this group are condensed striae. The species from Xinjiang Province appear morphologically similar to taxa from the Balkans of Europe, and may be part of a wide continuum of distribution between that region and western North America. This is only the second report on Gomphoneis from Xinjiang Province. A number of taxa similar to the new species described herein, and related to Gomphoneis olivacea, are also considered. As a consequence, the total number of Gomphoneis taxa from China is greater than previously recognized.
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Wu, Yu, and Yonghui Wang. "An Empirical Study on the Tourist Cognitive Evaluations of Tourism Public Services in Xinjiang Province, China." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (February 20, 2024): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051712.
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In the post-pandemic era, there has been a noticeable increase in tourism demand in China, and the comprehensive driving role of tourism in the national economy and social development has become more pronounced. Tourism public service providers, which are led by the government, urgently need to consider methods for enhancing the efficacy of public services in tourism to meet tourist demands, methods for further attracting more visitors, and methods for achieving sustainable and high-quality development in the tourism industry. However, despite the continuous enrichment and enhancement of the content and quality of tourism public services by Chinese government departments, the current research on government-provided tourism public services in underdeveloped areas is still relatively scarce in terms of tourists’ cognitive evaluations. Therefore, this study focuses on five 5A-rated scenic areas in Xinjiang, where 1122 valid questionnaires were distributed. In using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, we established an evaluation system for Xinjiang’s tourism public services. Paired sample t-tests and importance–performance analyses (IPA) were employed to assess the importance and satisfaction of the aforementioned indicators. The results showed the following: (1) The tourism public service quality scale comprised 47 measurement items across four dimensions and exhibited high reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. (2) The average satisfaction score across the 47 indicators was 3.90, thus indicating a favorable assessment of Xinjiang’s tourism public services by visitors. In addition, the highest satisfaction noted was in well-established safety assurance mechanisms (4.46), and the lowest was recorded in facial recognition entry systems (3.35). (3) The IPA results suggest that aspects such as comprehensive traffic guidance signage, affordability of transportation, and convenience of access are factors that require maintenance. Clear safety guidelines and warning systems, truthful promotion, and emphasis on protecting tourist rights are in the potential advantage area. The promotion of paid leave policies requires moderate attention, while intelligent parking lots, electronic all-in-one cards for scenic areas, and one-click rescue indicators necessitate improvement. These research findings have significant practical implications for the construction of public services in Xinjiang’s tourism.
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Dawut, Ablat, and Yingjie Tian. "Competitiveness of Xinjiang’s mutton industry based on diamond model." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): e0257669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257669.
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In recent years, Xinjiang mutton production has experienced a growth trend; however, it cannot meet the new consumer demand. Based on Michael Porter’s “diamond model,” this study presents a case study on the Xinjiang mutton industry in China and establishes an index system for the competitiveness of the industry. The competitiveness of the mutton industry is analyzed quantitatively via correlation analysis and principal component analysis by investigating the relevant data of 10 Chinese provinces topping in mutton production. On account of the related elements of the diamond model, a qualitative analysis is also performed. The quantitative analysis shows that among the 10 provinces (regions) topping in mutton production in China, Inner Mongolia wins in competitiveness, followed by Xinjiang, and Henan ranks at the bottom. The qualitative analysis shows that the Xinjiang mutton industry is inferior in three main factors compared to its competitors, and these are the production factors related to and supporting the industries and the enterprise strategies. Xinjiang performs moderately in terms of the auxiliary government factors. However, Xinjiang is in an advantageous position with respect to the main factors of demand conditions and auxiliary elements of opportunities. Given the existing problems, this study discusses the main reasons for the lack of competitiveness of the Xinjiang mutton industry. It also puts forward some strategic suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of the Xinjiang mutton industry based on the six elements of diamond model.
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Liu, Boqi, Dingjie Zhou, Yang Zhao, and Longyu Shi. "A Cross-Regional Perspective on the Coupling and Coordination of Digital Technology, Ecological Civilisation and Economic and Social Development." Land 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2025): 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020351.
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This study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the three systems of digital technology, ecological civilisation construction, and economic and social development based on the panel data of five provinces in Northwest China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang) and five provinces in East China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, and Jiangxi) from 2011 to 2022. By applying the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive score of each province and further constructing the three-dimensional system coupling coordination degree model, the synergistic evolution process between the digital process, ecological civilisation construction, and economic and social development in Northwest and East China is analysed. The results show that East China’s comprehensive score and coupling coordination degree in each system are significantly higher than that of Northwest China, and exhibit a high-high type of spatial agglomeration pattern, while Northwest China has long been in a low-low type of spatial agglomeration state, showing strong regional imbalance. Based on the study results, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote the coordinated development of the Northwest region, with a view to providing a reference for high-quality and balanced development between regions.
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Hashmat Ullah Khan and Gohar Rehman. "China’s Role in War on Terror." Central Asia 86, Summer (November 28, 2020): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.71.
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Terrorism being the primary threat to China's national security therefore counter terrorism has turned out to be the main point of China’s domestic and foreign policy. The major terrorist threat that China faces is posed by Uyghur separatist fighters of Xinjiang. They claim and fight for a separate independent state called “East Turkistan”. The Xinjiang issue is the major anxiety and the focal point of China’s war on terror. To stop extremism and terrorism in Xinjiang China has adopted a multi-dimensional approach i.e. Strike Hard Campaign, diplomatic actions to isolate terrorists and get the help of other countries, religious, economic and social anti-terrorist policies to eradicate the roots of terrorism from society. China is also cooperating with the countries including US, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asian Republics, and many others in fighting against terrorism. From the platform of Shanghai Cooperation Organization China is also playing important role in counterterrorism. China major interest in war on terror is to stop the spread of extremism and terrorism within her borders particularly in Xinjiang province, as well as to make sure that neighbouring countries not become safe haven and base camp for the Uyghur militants. The main objective of this paper is to analyses the phenomena of terrorism in Xinjiang and China’s role in war on terror.
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Yang, Xuelian, Yu Zhang, Cuihong Yang, and Jian Xu. "Research on the Determinants of Government Investment Effect." Journal of Systems Science and Information 8, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2020-387-14.
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AbstractGovernment investment plays an important role in promoting and guiding the economic and social development in China. Xinjiang is the core province of the Belt and Road and its economic growth is mainly driven by investment. This paper decomposes the determinants of government investment effect into economic structure change, technological change and investment structure change, using the non-competitive input-output table of Xinjiang province in 2007, 2012 and 2015 and structural decomposition analyses. The results show that, the government investment effect in Xinjiang shows a slight decline trend. During the period, the change of economic structure and investment structure have the negative impact on government investment effect, while the change of technology has the positive impact on government investment effect. In addition, these impacts have strong sectoral heterogeneity.
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Mikołajczyk, Szymon. "„Dziki Zachód” Państwa Środka – bezpieczeństwo i gospodarka w chińskiej polityce wobec prowincji Xinjiang." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2012.5.3.
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The main purpose of the article is to present the key elements of Chinese policy in Xinjiang. This western province represents 1/6 of China’s landmass and plays a significant role in Chinese security and economic policy. This study tries to show the complexity of challenges that Chinese have to face in their attitude to Xinjiang. For years, Xinjiang was known as a primary front in Chinese war on terrorism. That is why, a question whether the government uses the threat of terrorism as an excuse to violate minority rights is raised. Recently, China has been implementing a new policy, which is more concerned on economic development and improvement of living standards and could be a first step in a long way to stabilize the situation in the province.
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Yuan, Cui, Yaju Liu, Jingzhao Lu, Chengyi Guo, Tingting Quan, and Wei Su. "Spatial Analysis of Carbon Metabolism in Different Economic Divisions Based on Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) in China." Atmosphere 16, no. 2 (January 29, 2025): 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020148.
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Urbanization has greatly altered Earth’s surface form, and land use changes can lead to significant changes in carbon emissions. However, how these changes affect ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, this study calculated the carbon absorption and emissions in 31 Chinese provinces using high-resolution (300 m) land use data. Subsequently, a carbon flow model was used to evaluate the carbon transfer that occurred from the changes in land use in every province between 2000 and 2020. The standard deviation ellipse analytic techniques were also employed to research the spatiotemporal evolution features of carbon flow in various economic zones. Furthermore, the flux and utility analysis approaches in ecological network analysis were used to quantitatively examine the interaction relationship between two carbon metabolism land uses. The results revealed that the continuous expansion of China’s construction land has reduced the area of agricultural land, resulting in industrial land (53.14%) and urban land (39.38%) being the main contributors to the total carbon emissions. Among them, the five eastern provinces of Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong had carbon emissions of more than 100 million tons. From 2000 to 2020, the center of gravity of the carbon flow in construction land had shifted significantly from Henan Province to Gansu Province. The ecological relationship of exploitation and control dominated the two land use types. It is mostly found in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia provinces. The findings could provide relevant policy implications for the Chinese government to mitigate carbon metabolism on land.
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Olonova, M. "First record of Poa scabriculmis N. R. Cui (Poaceae) for the flora of Pan Himalayas." Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i4.7148.
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Poa scabriculmis N.R. Cui, 1987, is known as endemic species of alpines of Kunlun Mountains (Xinjiang Province, NW China). Later, in Flora of China, it was treated as subspecies of polytypical species P. albertii Regel, and sinonimized with other four relative species. In this work we restore the status of this species and present its new occurrence in Sichuan province (China). This paper present taxonomic notes, morphological description, habitat, and the current geographic distribution for P. scabriculmis
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Pu, Wei, Xin Wang, Hailun Wei, Yue Zhou, Jinsen Shi, Zhiyuan Hu, Hongchun Jin, and Quanliang Chen. "Properties of black carbon and other insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow of northwestern China." Cryosphere 11, no. 3 (May 16, 2017): 1213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1213-2017.
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Abstract. A large field campaign was conducted and 284 snow samples were collected at 38 sites in Xinjiang Province and 6 sites in Qinghai Province across northwestern China from January to February 2012. A spectrophotometer combined with chemical analysis was used to measure the insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs) and chemical components in seasonal snow. The results indicate that the cleanest snow was found in northeastern Xinjiang along the border of China, and it presented an estimated black carbon (CBCest) of approximately 5 ng g−1. The dirtiest snow presented a CBCest of approximately 450 ng g−1 near industrial cities in Xinjiang. Overall, the CBCest of most of the snow samples collected in this campaign was in the range of 10–150 ng g−1. Vertical variations in the snowpack ILAPs indicated a probable shift in emission sources with the progression of winter. An analysis of the fractional contributions to absorption implied that organic carbon (OC) dominated the 450 nm absorption in Qinghai, while the contributions from BC and OC were comparable in Xinjiang. Finally, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was run to explore the sources of particulate light absorption, and the results indicated an optimal three-factor/source solution that included industrial pollution, biomass burning, and soil dust.
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Qin, Xianhong, Hui Zou, and Lei Wang. "Changing Regional Inequality Patterns in Western China: A Case Study of Xinjiang." Complexity 2021 (December 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9160354.
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Regional inequality in western China has been rarely examined and has risen as an important issue in the Chinese academic circle. This study, taking Xinjiang as a case, investigated regional inequality in Xinjiang since the 1990s. The results show that the interregional inequality became more prominent, while the overall regional disparities among counties and cities have experienced an inverted U-shape path and have been mainly caused by the inequality of the intra-north part of the province. Counties with high economic development levels were mainly located in northern Xinjiang and had a high probability of further moving economic levels. We further found that the regional development pattern in Xinjiang was significantly associated with spatial accessibility, followed by population density and urbanization factors. This paper deepens our understanding of the complex pattern and mechanism of regional inequality in western China, and local specific policies, therefore, are needed to solve the problem.
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Shih, Victor. "Development, the Second Time Around: The Political Logic of Developing Western China." Journal of East Asian Studies 4, no. 3 (December 2004): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006032.
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The Great Development of the West is no more than grand conferences held in the west (Xibu Dakaifa zhishi xibu dakaihui).—State Council officials in charge of developing the westOn the surface, the Great Development of the West (GDW, Xibu Dakaifa) campaign seems like a classic maneuver by a developmental state to bolster the growth of an underdeveloped region. Even in 2002, GDP per capita in western China, which includes the provinces of Xinjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Guizhou, remained at U.S.$666, or just more than half of the national average (see Table 1). The poorest province in China, Guizhou, had a GDP per capita of only U.S.$375, roughly equivalent to Haiti's GDP per capita in 1999. The effort to develop western China, according to the official rhetoric, was aimed at shifting western China's developmental trajectory closer to that of the rest of China, thus decreasing regional inequality and bolstering overall growth.
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NIU, QINGLI, ZHIJIE LIU, JIFEI YANG, PEIFA YU, YUPING PAN, BINTAO ZHAI, JIANXUN LUO, GUIQUAN GUAN, and HONG YIN. "Expression of sheep pathogen Babesia sp. Xinjiang rhoptry-associated protein 1 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay." Parasitology 143, no. 14 (October 17, 2016): 1990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001293.
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SUMMARYOvine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. The ovine parasite Babesia sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China. In this study, recombinant full-length XJrRAP-1aα2 (rhoptry-associated protein 1aα2) and C-terminal XJrRAP-1aα2 CT of Babesia sp. Xinjiang were expressed and used to evaluate their diagnostic potential for Babesia sp. Xinjiang infections by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified XJrRAP-1aα2 was tested for reactivity with sera from animals experimentally infected with Babesia sp. Xinjiang and other haemoparasites using Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed no cross-reactivities between XJrRAP-1aα2 CT and sera from animals infected by other pathogens. High level of antibodies against RAP-1a usually lasted 10 weeks post-infection (wpi). A total of 3690 serum samples from small ruminants in 23 provinces located in 59 different regions of China were tested by ELISA. The results indicated that the average positive rate was 30·43%, and the infections were found in all of the investigated provinces. This is the first report on the expression and potential use of a recombinant XJrRAP-1aα2 CT antigen for the development of serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia sp. Xinjiang.
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Yang, Zhongna, Jijun Tang, Mark Yu, Yong Zhang, Azhar Abbas, Shengde Wang, and Salim Bagadeem. "Sustainable Cotton Production through Increased Competitiveness: Analysis of Comparative Advantage and Influencing Factors of Cotton Production in Xinjiang, China." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102239.
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Cotton production makes an important contribution to the income of rural residents and the economy in Xinjiang province, which leads other provinces in terms of planted area, total production, and average yield of cotton in China. This study analyzed the competitiveness of cotton production in the study area using the efficiency advantage index (EAI), scale advantage index (SAI), and aggregated advantage index (AAI). Moreover, the factors influencing the productivity of cotton have been investigated by the use of ridge regression and correlation matrix using a dataset for the period 2005 to 2018. The results showed that cotton production had a large comparative advantage in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2018. The average of efficiency advantage index (EAI), scale advantage index (SAI), and aggregated advantage index (AAI) are 1.50, 12.96, and 4.35, respectively. Overall, Xinjiang cotton production has a higher planting scale advantage and productivity. By using ridge regression to calculate the impact of cotton production on agricultural output value in Xinjiang, the results showed that total cotton production, fiscal expenditure on agricultural support, total agricultural machinery power, and fertilizer use had significant positive effects, whereas cotton sown area, average cotton yield, and the proportion of affected area by insects and diseases had negative impact agricultural output value. The study implies the need for a implementing a well-thought and empirically backed plan to support cotton production based on comparative advantage for a specific area, building a cotton production standard system, reducing the cost of cotton production, and building a cotton risk-protection system to protect the interests of cotton farmers and promote the sustainable development of the cotton industry.
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Zhang, Yanwei, Quansheng Ge, and Minzhe Liu. "Extreme Precipitation Changes in the Semiarid Region of Xinjiang, Northwest China." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/645965.
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This study focuses on extreme precipitation changes in Xinjiang Province of Northwest China, which has experienced an increase in climate disasters in recent years. This paper investigates extreme precipitation events in Xinjiang, using 54 stations with daily precipitation records from the period 1961–2008. Different statistical tests and approaches were used to check the significance of trends of single and Xinjiang regionally aggregated precipitation series for intensity and in frequency. There were predominantly positive trends in annual maximum precipitation and a remarkable increment in the frequency of extreme precipitation over certain thresholds (from 10 to 40 mm). Although the series of frequencies exceeding thresholds had positive trends, only a minority were statistically significant. This lack of significance is because of the high variability of extreme precipitation in space and time. Thus, significant trends were evident when we assessed the extreme precipitation indicators of intensity and frequency at the regional level, both in intensity and frequency over thresholds, with a clearer signal in Xinjiang.