Relevant bibliographies by topics / Xerophyte

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Xerophyte'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Xerophyte"

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Piva, Tayeme Cristina, Silvia Rodrigues Machado, and Edna Scremin-Dias. "Anatomical and ultrastructural studies on gelatinous fibers in the organs of non-woody xerophytic and hydrophytic species." Botany 97, no. 10 (October 2019): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0220.

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Gelatinous fibers (G-layer) occur widely in various organs and plant tissues of both primary and secondary origin, but they are best known in tension wood. Here, we describe the occurrence, distribution patterns, and structural features of G-fibers in non-woody species of xerophytes and hydrophytes in Brazilian Cerrado (dry soil) and Chaco (wet or periodically waterlogged soils). G-fibers were present in all of the studied species, but were more abundant and more developed in xerophytes. They were associated with the phloem of leaves and primary stems and with the xylem of three xerophytic species that exhibited incipient secondary growth. The G-layer was non-lignified and characterized by greater thickness, lower density, and loose appearance in relation to the secondary layers. Under a transmission electron microscope, G-fibers displayed two secondary parietal layers (S1 and S2) in Prosopis rubriflora Hassle. (xerophyte), three secondary layers (S1, S2, and S3) in Eriosema campestre Benth. var. campestre (xerophyte), and a single secondary layer (S1) in Ludwigia leptocarpa Nutt. (hydrophyte). In P. rubriflora, mature G-fibers exhibited a loose-appearing electron-lucent region (transition zone) between G- and S-layers (secondary layers). In addition to mechanical support, this study suggests the involvement of G-fibers in water storage.
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Magomadova, R. S., M. A.-M. Astamirova, A. S. Abdurzakova, E. Sh Dudagova, S. A. Israilova, Kh R. Khanaeva, and B. A. Khasueva. "The Russian Caucasus Xerophyte Gene Protection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 666, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 052007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/666/5/052007.

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Kumar, Gali Nirmal, and Kotteazeth Srikumar. "Thermophilic laccase from xerophyte species Opuntia vulgaris." Biomedical Chromatography 25, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1506.

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Wahjutami, Erlina Laksmiani, Antariksa Antariksa, Agung Murti Nugroho, and Amin Setyo Leksnono. "Decrease of Building’s Humidity with Epiphyte and Xerophyte." Journal of Islamic Architecture 3, no. 4 (January 2, 2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v3i4.3091.

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<p class="3bodytexta">This article is part of the research phase in Environmental Sciences Doctoral study program that is interdisciplinary research, ongoing. Architecture disciplines collaborate with the disciplines of biology to solve the problem of the microclimate in the built. Paradigm used as benchmarks is bioclimatic architecture in which there is a relationship between elements of the building, climate, and living organisms. Living organisms - in this case the plant - used as a tool to solve the problem of the microclimate in buildings. Plant is one of the living organisms that grow and thrive in their respective habitats and the climate of each character. Several studies have shown that plants are able to lower both ambient temperature and the temperature inside the building. In this study, the problem is the existence of a higher humidity levels in small type of dwelling (STD) that has been totally renovated. Meanwhile Epiphytic and Xerophyte are plants that live by absorbing surrounding moisture. In the next stage of research, it is expected that the capability of Epiphyte and Xerophyte’s plants to reduce the building’s humidity proven. From the interpretation Q.S. 23: 17, implied that: Allah has bring down the water to the earth to grow a variety of plants [1]. The diversity of these plants would be useful for people who have sense. Building as the built environment will become sustainable environment when the human capable of utilizing plants as part of it.</p>
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Li, Mengzhan, Mingfa Li, Dingding Li, Suo-Min Wang, and Hongju Yin. "Overexpression of the Zygophyllum xanthoxylum Aquaporin, ZxPIP1;3, Promotes Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042112.

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Drought and salinity can result in cell dehydration and water unbalance in plants, which seriously diminish plant growth and development. Cellular water homeostasis maintained by aquaporin is one of the important strategies for plants to cope with these two stresses. In this study, a stress-induced aquaporin, ZxPIP1;3, belonging to the PIP1 subgroup, was identified from the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. The subcellular localization showed that ZxPIP1;3-GFP was located in the plasma membrane. The overexpression of ZxPIP1;3 in Arabidopsis prompted plant growth under favorable condition. In addition, it also conferred salt and drought tolerance with better water status as well as less ion toxicity and membrane injury, which led to more efficient photosynthesis and improved growth vigor via inducing stress-related responsive genes. This study reveals the molecular mechanisms of xerophytes’ stress tolerance and provides a valuable candidate that could be used in genetic engineering to improve crop growth and stress tolerance.
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Prior, Lynda D., Quan Hua, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Demographic vulnerability of an extreme xerophyte in arid Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 1 (2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17150.

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Callitris glaucophylla (syn. C. columellaris F.Muell.) is an iconic Australian conifer that is suffering a recruitment deficit over much of the arid zone. Here, seedling establishment requires a series of unusually wet years, and protection from high levels of herbivory. The aim of our study was to determine the size class structure of C. glaucophylla populations in the most arid part (150 mm mean annual precipitation) of its range, and particularly whether seedlings had established during a wet period in 2010/11. We sampled C. glaucophylla populations throughout the region, including inside a 6000 ha feral animal exclosure. We found no seedlings from 2010/11, except on drainage lines adjacent to roads. Of 255 plots centred on mature trees, only 2% contained older seedlings, and 8% contained saplings, with no differences inside or outside exclosure, and 84% of trees were larger than 20 cm basal diameter. Matching dates of known regeneration with long-term rainfall records suggested that successful regeneration of C. glaucophylla requires a total of 600–720 mm of rain over a 2 year period. Our radiocarbon dating showed the age of three large trees ranged from 106 to 268 years, signifying that such trees in this region likely have only 2–8 climatic opportunities to reproduce.
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Rong, Sun, Liang Shaomin, Qiu Shike, and Deng Wei. "Patterns of plant species richness along the drawdown zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir 5 years after submergence." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 10 (February 27, 2017): 2299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.107.

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This study was conducted to understand the patterns of plant species richness in the Three Gorges Reservoir after 5 years after 175 m submergence. We hypothesized that hygrophyte and xerophyte species would show different species richness patterns, which was tested by collecting species composition and environmental variable data in 50 m long and 5 m wide transects in the drawdown zone from 145 m to 180 m. Xerophyte species richness (XSR) was highest in the middle of the drawdown zone, whereas hygrophyte species showed a continuous downward trend from 145 m to 180 m. Correlation analyses showed that the flooding period was significantly negatively correlated with the total species richness (TSR), XSR, and hygrophyte species richness (HSR). The TSR and XSR showed a significant positive correlation with soil type and a significant negative correlation with available K. HSR was significantly correlated with soil type and negatively correlated with ammonium N.
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Gasimzade, T. E. "Eco-Biological Assessment of Main Forage Grain Crop and Legumes in Pastures Hayland of Shirvan Territory." Journal of Biology and Life Science 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v6i2.7925.

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Eco-biological properties of botanical teams of fodder grains and legumes which is highly efficient in terms distributed in Shirvan zone of Azerbaijan have been studied. During investigations 76 species from Cereal family, and 45 species from legumes were defined. Some of them are as common in the area where others been determined. It was known during biotopological analysis of investigated species that 20-25 species of legumes are oommon in bushes, 18 species in forest, forest edge, arid forest biotops, grape fields, and gardens, and 4 species in stoned cliffs. Variation of these species on zones is non-equal. 47 species were found in lowland mountain zone, 17 species in middle mountain zone and 23 species are common in upland mountain zone. Analysis of ecological groups of cereals showed that 10 species grow in mesophyte, 50 species in xerophyte, 16 species in mesoxerophyte condition. 3 species of Legumes grow in mesophyte condition, 24 species in xerophyte, 19 species in mesoxerophyte condition.
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Cui, Yan-Nong, Fang-Zhen Wang, Cheng-Hang Yang, Jian-Zhen Yuan, Huan Guo, Jin-Lin Zhang, Suo-Min Wang, and Qing Ma. "Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Salt Tolerance of the Xerophyte Pugionium cornutum." Genes 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121039.

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The xerophyte Pugionium cornutum adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl−) for osmotic adjustment and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the associated molecular basis remains unclear. In this study, we first found that P. cornutum could also maintain cell membrane stability due to its prominent ROS-scavenging ability and exhibits efficient carbon assimilation capacity under salt stress. Then, the candidate genes associated with the important physiological traits of the salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified through transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that after 50 mM NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl− accumulation and NO3− homeostasis, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums, were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable for enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which might be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cells. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport pathway and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots, possibly resulting in high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes that probably regulate the abovementioned processes were found. This work lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of xerophytes to harsh environments.
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Taysumov, Musa A., Tatiana A. Snisarenko, and Raisa S. Magomadov. "ECOLOGICAL AND EDAPHIC ANALYSIS OF XEROPHYTE FLORAOF THE RUSSIAN CAUCASUS." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Natural Sciences), no. 1 (2017): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7189-2017-1-31-38.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xerophyte"

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Lee, Ming-Yi. "XvERD15, an early-responsive gene to stress from Xerophyte viscosa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4287.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-54).
Genes that are upregulated in the early response to stress are not well understood. ERD15 (early-responsive to dehydration) in Arabidopsis and its homologues in various other plants have been shown to be upregulated within I hr post-exposure to dehydration and high salinity stress treatments. There is however limited literature on the functionality of ERD15. A cDNA showing homology to ERD15 was isolated from a library generated by low temperature stress treatment of Xerophyta viscosa and was subsequently named XvERD15.
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Thompson, Iris Lee. "Agricultural Systems in Babati : Zea mays and its alternatives." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2660.

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This paper aims to give an understanding on the aspects that influences the choice of cropsand agricultural methods in Babati, Tanzania. Drought is a reoccurring problem in this part ofTanzania, which affects a majority of the towns’ farmers. This fact is likely to affect thechoice of crop as well as the limitations when it comes to the choices in cultivation. But thechoice itself has implications on its surrounding and can be affected by the surrounding. Tounderstand the circumstances, a wider picture will be depicted and an evaluation of thegeography of Babati and on its climate conditions. The results from this study suggest thatlack of crop rotation pose as a problem that should be studied. Furthermore, green manurefrom legumes and plants like Tithonia could be a less expensive alternative but can stillfunction as an effective fertilizer. Concerning the drought issue the study can not concludethat drought resistant crops would have any big improving effects. Nevertheless there is someevidence advocating that it could be apart of the solution in terms of avoiding some of thenegative effects brought on by drought.

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Dace, Halford. "Metabolomics of desiccation tolerance in Xerophyta humilis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9111.

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Resurrection plants are unique in the ability to survive near complete water loss in vegetative tissues without loss of viability. In order to do so, they employ multifaceted strategies which include structural adaptations, antioxidant and photoprotective mechanisms, and the accumulation of proteins and metabolites that stabilise macromolecules. A full understanding of the phenomenon of vegetative desiccation tolerance will require a systems view of these adaptations at the levels of the genome, the control of gene expression, and the control of metabolic pathways. This dissertation reports a high-throughput metabolomic analysis of the changes that occur in vegetative tissues of resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration. A combination of chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed numerous primary and secondary metabolites in the plant. Multivariate statistics identified a subset of metabolites that were significantly up- or down-regulated in response to water deficit stress. These metabolites both confirmed existing observations about the metabolic response of X. humilis to drying and revealed compounds not previously known to be associated with this response. Desiccation-associated metabolites were mapped onto known biochemical pathways, to generate hypotheses concerning possible regulatory schemes in the stress response, inviting deeper investigation in future.
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Lyall, Rafe. "Regulation of desiccation tolerance in Xerophyta seedlings and leaves." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22853.

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A small, diverse group of angiosperms known as resurrection plants display vegetative desiccation tolerance and can survive loss of up to 95% of cellular water, a feat only seen in the seeds and pollen of other angiosperms. Xerophyta humilis is a resurrection plant native to Southern Africa that has been the target of previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies into the mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that vegetative desiccation tolerance is derived from the networks that control desiccation tolerance in seeds and germinating seedlings in angiosperms, particularly the epigenetically silenced seed maturation genes. Germinating seedlings of X. humilis and the related resurrection plant X. viscosa were found to be VDT from the earliest stages of germination, and exhibited the characteristic vegetative trait of poikilochlorophylly as seen in mature leaves. The X. humilis desiccation transcriptome comprising 76,768 distinct gene clusters was successfully assembled from sequencing samples at five relative water contents (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 5%) to identify the networks activated in response to water loss. Desiccation was associated with successive waves of transcription factor induction, as well as widespread down-regulation of histone modification enzymes. Many seed-specific genes, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, seed storage proteins and oleosins, were induced in vegetative tissue. LEA transcripts in particular were highly up-regulated during desiccation, and the large number of distinct LEA transcripts (over 150) suggests possible LEA gene expansion in Xerophyta compared to desiccation-sensitive plants. Components of the PYL/SnRK2/ABF ABA-signalling pathway were also induced, although the ABF transcription factors activated in response to desiccation were most similar to those induced by drought in A. thaliana rather than seed maturation. Of the canonical seed master regulators (such as the LEC1/ABI3/FUS3/LEC2 network and ABI5) only three ABI3 transcripts were expressed, all of which encoded proteins lacking the seed motif-binding B3-domain. The results of this study suggest that vegetative desiccation tolerance in X. humilis is not associated with re-activation of seed master regulators in vegetative tissue, but may instead involve activation of seed genes by vegetative drought response regulators.
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Fan, Cynthia. "Characterisation of two desiccation-linked dehydrins from Xerophyta humilis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22723.

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In response to abiotic stresses, organisms throughout the plant kingdom, as well as microorganisms and micro-animals such as nematodes or tardigrades, have been observed to express Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins as protective mechanisms. However, despite two decades of research, little is understood about their physiological functions and this has led to extensive nomenclature, with a large amount of redundancy. The primary reason for this lack of insight into LEA protein functions is their highly hydrophilic and intrinsically disordered nature. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) cannot be studied using conventional methods of structural analyses such as X-ray crystallography and, therefore, alternative techniques are required. A combination of transgenic and in vitro studies have also shown that LEA proteins are most likely to behave as molecular chaperones by binding water and ions, preventing macromolecular aggregation and protecting enzymatic activity during dehydration. This study characterized two dehydrins that were expressed during dehydration in the desiccation tolerant plant, Xerophyta humilis. From a transcriptome analyses on X. humilis, cDNA for the two dehydrins were obtained. These sequences were first analysed using various in silico tools in order to identify putative dehydrin-specific characteristics. Subsequently, these two dehydrins were cloned and expressed for production of recombinant dehydrin protein. These proteins were then analysed in terms of structural and functional characteristics. Structurally, through the use of circular dichroism in an in vitro system, both dehydrins demonstrated the shift towards being increasingly alpha-helical when placed in environments of decreasing water content. The role of these two dehydrins in stabilizing enzymes during dehydration was subsequently investigated using citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The preservation of enzyme activity was observed in both CS and LDH. This preservation of enzyme activity was further maintained by the presence of trehalose. Anti-aggregation roles were also investigated, however, neither dehydrin demonstrated significant ability to minimize the aggregation of LDH. This study hopes to establish a pipeline for characterizing LEA proteins using structural and functional assays in order to provide alternative means of LEA protein classification.
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Onyemata, Ezenwa James. "Structural and functional studies of XvPrx2, a type II peroxiredoxin protein from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5206.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
XvPrx2 is a 1-Cys-containing member of the Prx5 subfamily of peroxiredoxins isolated from the resurrection plant Xerophyta viscosa. It is reported to be up-regulated during periods of desiccation and to protect nucleic acids and cellular proteins from oxidative damage through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that it may play a role the desiccation tolerance of X. viscosa (Govender, 2006). Members of the Prx5 subfamily have previously been reported to occur as non-covalent homodimers associating across an A-type interface. PrxD from Populus tremula, a close homologue of XvPrx2, forms disulphide bonds with glutathione (glutathionylation) resulting in the unfolding of the Cp-loop and α2-helix and disruption of the homodimer, on the basis of which glutathionylation has been proposed as a physiological mechanism for regeneration of all members of the Prx5 subfamily (Noguera-Mazon, et al., 2006b).
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Chireshe, Nyaradzo. "Stomatal control during dessication in the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24964.

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Stomatal apertures on leaves of the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis were monitored microscopically in order to characterize stomatal regulation during a dehydration time course. In addition, the effect of exogenous application of the stress hormone ABA on stomatal regulation was followed. X humilis stomatal regulation appears to be initially similar to that typical of desiccation sensitive plants, but differed in that stomata did not all close at once but at a slower rate to control the drying rate of the plant, this gave time for protection mechanisms to be laid down. The signal hormone ABA was found to have strong stomatal control on the adaxial surfaces of leaves but weak control on the abaxial leaf surfaces, thus it is difficult to say that ABA regulates the process until RWC of below 50%, where stomatal apertures open as a result of shrinkage of guard cells due to loss of water.
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Ellick, Tamaryn Lorean. "Investigation of XvSap promoters from the resurrection plant, Xerophyta viscosa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10452.

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The XvPSap1 promoter derived from Xerophyta viscosa has been demonstrated to be stress-inducible during dehydration in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, black Mexican sweetcorn cells and Zea mays. To improve this promoter, for future applications in crop biotechnology, four shortened promoters, XvSap1D, E, F and G were generated by mutagenesis. The generated promoters had circa 50% reduction in size and contained the 5' proximal and 3' distal regions of the XvPsap1 promoter with the internal region removed. The shortened promoters displayed no significant sequence homology to any other known plant promoter, besides XvPSap1. In addition to the shortened promoters, a newly discovered full length XvPSap2 promoter, showing a 56.41% homology with XvPSap 1 was also assessed in this study.
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Ndima, Tozama Beauty. "Gene expression associated with drought tolerance in Xerophyta viscosa Baker." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4309.

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Bibliography: leaves 89-100.
Herophyta viscosa (Baker) is a monocytyledonous resurrection plant that can tolerate extremes of dessication. Upon rewatering, it rehydrates completely and assumes its full physiological activities. Studies on changes in gene expression associated with dehydration stress tolerance were conducted. A cDNA library constructed from m RNA isolated from dehydrated (85%, 37% and 5% relative water content) X. viscosa leaves, was differently screened. Of the 192 randomly selected cDNAs screened, 30 showed higher expression levels when X. viscosa was dehydrated while 20 showed lower expession. XVLEA, XVDH and XVLEC represent three cDNAs that were upregulated during dehydration stress. XVLEA showed the highest identity at the amino acid level with a late embryogenesis abundant protein, LEA29G, from Gossipium hirsutum (30%) and LEA D-29 from cotton (50%). XVDH exhibited significant identity to dehydrin proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana (45%) and Pisum sativum (43%) at the amino acid level. It encodes a glycine-rich protein (27kDa) which is largely hydrophilic and contains a hydrophobic segment at the C-terminus. XVLEC showed 28% identity and 50% similarity to a lectin-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the three cDNAs in the X.viscosa genome. Both XVLEA and XVDH transcripts were highly expressed during dehydration- (37% RWC) and rehydration (4%, 32%, 72% RWC) treatment of the plant ͌ 1.0kb was observed. However, with XVDH a transcript of ͌ 1.0 kb and 1.09 kb were observed. XVDH transcripts accumulated in X. viscosa plants in response to low temperature, heat and dehydration stresses, as well as to exogenous supply of abscisic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Localization studies of the XVDH encoded protein showed that XVDH is located in the plasma membrane-cell wall region.
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Gabier, Hawwa. "Label-free proteomic analysis of Xerophyta schlechteri leaf tissue under dehydration stress." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33783.

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Most higher plants cannot withstand severe water loss, except for a small group of angiosperms called resurrection plants. They can survive severe water loss without the loss of viability by employing mechanisms that aid them in desiccation tolerance. Desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon and allows the plant to implement various strategies for survival. The focus of this study was a label-free proteomic analysis of Xerophyta schlechteri, a monocotyledonous and poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, in response to desiccation. The study investigated some of the physiological, morphological and biochemical changes of X. schlechteri leaf tissue in response to dehydration followed by proteomic analyses using a spectral counting approach. The differentially expressed proteins were identified and quantified and then subjected to gene ontological analyses to identify relevant biological processes involved in desiccation tolerance. The proteomic data was finally correlated to and validated using metabolomic analyses. X. schlechteri was subjected to a controlled dehydration stress treatment, in which changes in the relative water content (RWC) of leaf tissues, the associated changes in processes outlined above and further expanded on below, were determined. Three physiological stages were tentatively identified, namely, the early response to drying (ERD) which represents ~ 80 - 70% RWC (1.61 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt -1.5 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt), a mid-response to drying (MRD) represented by ~ 60 - 40% RWC (1.5 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt -1.0 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt) and a late response to drying (LRD), represented by ~ 40 - 10% RWC (1.0 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt - 0.5 gH2O g ̄ˡ dwt). Morphological changes in the late stages of drying were marked by loss of green chlorophyll, increased purple anthocyanin production and leaf folding along the midrib with the abaxial surface exposed to light. Chlorophyll content analyses showed a significant decrease in chlorophyll content in the dehydrated leaf tissue as compared to the fully hydrated state. Biochemical assays to measure the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, namely, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were done at selected RWC points. There was a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity for APX, CAT, GR and SOD in the dehydrated plant tissue. The label-free proteomics approach utilized, identified a total of 3125 unique proteins in the X. schlechteri leaf tissue across the dehydration treatment of which a combined 517 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in response to drying. Amongst the differentially expressed proteins, 253 proteins were upregulated, and 264 proteins were downregulated. This was followed by functional analyses and classification of gene ontologies using bioinformatics tools such as Blast2GO, MapMan and KEGG. This allowed the identification of certain biological processes and pathways involved in the X. schlechteri desiccation response. Key biological processes and molecular processes were differentially expressed across the drying stages, these included photosynthesis, cellular respiration and antioxidant activity, respectively. The proteomic analysis was complemented and validated using metabolomics approaches based on GC MS/MS and LC/MS. The abundance of specific sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty acids, organic acids, phytohormones and amino acids of X. schlechteri during desiccation were investigated. Sugars such as raffinose and sucrose are known to play a protective role in desiccation and were found to be abundant in MRD and LRD leaf tissue while, L-histidine, an amino acid which plays a critical role in plant growth, was found to be more abundant in LRD tissue as compared to MRD. The phytohormone abscisic acid, invoked in desiccation tolerance was found to be abundant at LRD and less abundant at ERD. The metabolomic data suggested that the regulation of metabolites was towards reducing possible toxic metabolites while increasing the expression of metabolites that help and protect plant cell integrity from the negative effects of desiccation. The use of a label-free proteomics approach complemented with metabolomics allowed the identification and validation of biological processes and pathways potentially involved in establishing desiccation tolerance in X. schlechteri. As far as we are aware, this is the first label-free proteomic analysis of X. schlechteri in response to dehydration.
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Books on the topic "Xerophyte"

1

Fahn, A. Xerophytes. Berlin: G. Borntraeger, 1992.

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Xerophytes. Berlin: Gebrüder, 1992.

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Snisarenko, T. A. Adaptat︠s︡ii kserofitov Predkavkazʹi︠a︡. Moskva: Moskovskiĭ gos. oblastnoĭ universitet (MGOU), 2006.

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The dry garden. London: Conran Octopus, 1994.

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The dry garden: A practical guide to planning & planting. New York: Sterling Pub. Co., 1995.

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The dry garden. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995.

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Chatto, Beth. The dry garden. Sagaponack, N.Y: Sagapress, 1996.

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Rizzini, Carlos Toledo. Contribuição ao conhecimento das floras do nordeste de Minas Gerais e da Bahia mediterrânea. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Jardim Botânico, 1992.

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Chatto, Beth. The dry garden. London: Orion, 1998.

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The dry garden. London: Dent, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xerophyte"

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Amils, Ricardo. "Xerophile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_4006-2.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Xerophile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2658. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_4006.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Xerophile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1781. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_4006.

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Patnaik, Pratiksha, Tasneem Abbasi, and S. A. Abbasi. "Extraction of Energy Precursors in the Form of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) from the Xerophyte Prosopis (Prosopis juliflora)." In Advances in Health and Environment Safety, 255–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7122-5_26.

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Nanasato, Yoshihiko, Chikahiro Miyake, Kentaro Takahara, Kaori Kohzuma, Yuri Nakajima Munekage, Akiho Yokota, and Kinya Akashi. "Chapter 23 Mechanisms of Drought and High Light Stress Tolerance Studied in a Xerophyte, Citrullus lanatus (Wild Watermelon)." In The Chloroplast, 363–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_23.

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Hashem, Hanan Ahmed, and Alsafa Hassan Mohamed. "Strategies for Drought Tolerance in Xerophytes." In Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I, 269–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2156-0_9.

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Taleb, Mohamed Sghir, and Mohamed Fennane. "Matorrals and Spiny High-Mountain Xerophytes." In Vascular Plant Communities of Morocco, 41–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93704-5_2.

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Dennis, David T. "An Adaptation to Xerophytic Conditions: The CAM Plants." In The Biochemistry of Energy Utilization in Plants, 120–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3121-3_12.

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Mundree, Sagadevan G., and Jill M. Farrant. "Some Physiological and Molecular Insights into the Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance in the Resurrection Plant Xerophyta viscosa Baker." In Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Agriculture: Role of Genetic Engineering, 201–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4323-3_15.

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Fernández, M. D., M. Azkue, A. Pieters, and A. Herrera. "Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Gas Exchange of Four Xerophytic Species from Venezuela." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 4889–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_1147.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xerophyte"

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Davlatova, D. М., M. В. Niyzmuhamedova, D. Berdiev, M. М. Rahimov, F. Kosumbekova, and N. Kamolov. "WATER CONTENT IN LEAVES OF HALOPHYTES AND XEROPHYTES GROWING IN ARID ZONE OF TAJIKISTAN." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-256-258.

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Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva, and V. Y. Kryukov. "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.

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Abstract:
Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
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