Academic literature on the topic 'Xerogel aerogel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Ksouri, Dalila, Hafit Khireddine, Ali Aksas, Tiago Valente, Fatima Bir, Nadir Slimani, Belén Cabal, Ramón Torrecillas, and José Domingos Santos. "Synthesis of ternary bioactive glass derived aerogel and xerogel: study of their structure and bioactivity." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2018-0016.
Xu, Bi, Jing Jing Ge, and Zai Sheng Cai. "One-Step Processing to Fabricate Highly Transparent Superhydrophobic Surface via Granuliform Silica Aerogels." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1042.
Ammar, Muhammad, Aneela Wakeel, Muhammad Ali Nasir, and Muhammad Zubair. "Investigation of mechanical and thermal behavior of fiber-reinforced silica xerogel composites." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): e0303293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303293.
Lassoued, Hela, Noelia Mota, Elena Millán Ordóñez, Sahar Raissi, Mohamed Kadri Younes, Carlos Quilis Romero, and Rufino M. Navarro Yerga. "Improved Dimethyl Ether Production from Syngas over Aerogel Sulfated Zirconia and Cu-ZnO(Al) Bifunctional Composite Catalysts." Materials 16, no. 23 (November 24, 2023): 7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237328.
Pérez-Moreno, Antonio, Manuel Piñero, Rafael Fernández-Montesinos, Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela, María V. Reyes-Peces, María del Mar Mesa-Díaz, José Ignacio Vilches-Pérez, Luis Esquivias, Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox, and Mercedes Salido. "Chitosan-Silica Hybrid Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comparative Study of Xerogels and Aerogels." Gels 9, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9050383.
Gupta, Swati, Anil Gaikwad, Ashok Mahajan, Hongxiao Lin, and Zhewei He. "Sol–gel deposited xerogel, aerogel and porogen based porous low-k thin films: A comparative investigation." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 14n16 (May 5, 2021): 2140019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400191.
Gaumet, Alizé, Francesco Caddeo, Danilo Loche, Anna Corrias, Maria Casula, Andrea Falqui, and Alberto Casu. "Magnetic Study of CuFe2O4-SiO2 Aerogel and Xerogel Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102680.
Casula, M. F., A. Corrias, and G. Paschina. "Nickel oxide–silica and nickel–silica aerogel and xerogel nanocomposite materials." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 10 (October 2000): 2187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0315.
Liu, Chunling, and Sridhar Komarneni. "Carbon-silica xerogel and aerogel composites." Journal of Porous Materials 1, no. 1 (1995): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00486526.
Jung, Sung Mi, Dong Won Kim, and Hyun Young Jung. "Which is the most effective pristine graphene electrode for energy storage devices: aerogel or xerogel?" Nanoscale 11, no. 38 (2019): 17563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr06898h.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Bauer, Matthias. "Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie an nach dem Sol-Gel-Prozeß hergestellten Übergangsmetalloxiden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10873173.
Greco, Enrico. "Development of new Lithium-Transition Metals co-doped Nanotitania. A perspective for sustainable photocatalytic materials and a comparative study between benefits and health risks." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3906.
Ksila, Wafa. "Préparation, caractérisation et réactivité de catalyseurs xerogels et aerogels à base de zirconium, d’aluminium et de porosité contrôlée pour les réactions d’estérification et d’hydrogénation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR039.
Zirconium and aluminum oxides are materials of great thermal stability under different conditions and have a surface with modulable acid-base sites. The modification of these oxides by an oxo-anion, by an acid and / or metallic function gives them more stability, inhibits sintering and develops the acidity of their surface and consequently they can be used in several catalytic reactions as active phase or support.The work of this thesis focuses on the synthesis, characterization and upgrading of two types of xerogels and aerogels catalysts based on zirconium and aluminum oxides. Telluric acid was chosen as a modulator of the acidity of supports based on zirconia and alumina. Nickel was combined with telluric acid to make nickel tellurium phases on these supports, allowing the isomerization reaction.In a first part, xerogels and aerogels catalysts based on zirconia and alumina doped with telluric acid were synthesized by the “sol-gel” route then characterized and tested in the esterification reaction of acetic acid by benzyl alcohol as a model reaction for the synthesis of biodiesel. A kinetic and mechanistic study as well as the determination of the thermodynamic quantities for the esterification reaction were carried out in the presence of the catalyst having the best catalytic performance.The second part of this thesis focuses on the synthesis of zirconia and alumina-based xerogels and aerogels catalysts doped with telluric acid and nickel nitrates in one-pot, always synthesized by the "sol-gel" route. These catalysts were characterized and then tested in the isomerization hydrogenation reaction of 1-hexene as a model reaction for gasoline reformulation. We will show that the presence of nickel in the preparation prevents the formation of a Zr-Te phase, characterized on the support alone modified by telluric acid
Torres, Rodríguez Jorge Alberto. "Příprava aerogelových povrchových úprav na objemových materiálech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. CEITEC VUT, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411059.
Törneman, Hedda. "Development of a porous material from cellulose nanofibrils." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179266.
Amaral-Labat, Gisèle. "Gels poreux biosourcés : production, caractérisation et applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0081/document.
This manuscript presents the preparation and the characterization of highly porous monolithic materials mainly derived from natural resources. The objectives were to: (i) develop new gels, biosourced up to the 91% level; (ii) suggest alternatives to supercritical drying in CO2, and (iii) investigate properties of interest for such gels in the organic state and, in some cases, after pyrolysis for obtaining carbon gels. For those purposes, tannin and soy flour were tested as precursors, at different concentrations and different pH, and three ways of drying were used: supercritical drying, freeze drying and evaporative drying. The obtained gels were characterized in terms of density, porosity, pore size distributions and specific surface area, whether in organic or in carbon form, depending on the intended application or expected type of porosity. Mechanical and thermal properties were also measured. The obtained broad range of porous textures allowed suggesting applications such as thermal insulators, catalyst supports or electrodes for electrochemical capacitors
Marage, Pierre. "Contribution à la mise au point du procédé aérosol-gel : application au dépôt de couches minces optiques dans le système SiO2-TiO2." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0150.
Vareda, João Pedro Caria. "Environmental cleaning and recovery of heavy metals via functionalization of silica aerogels." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99367.
Environmental pollution is a severe issue that might cause permanent changes, such as the destruction of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. Heavy metals are the main pollutant in European soils and groundwater. Their main source are human activities, the most relevant being mining and ore processing. Their non-biodegradability causes accumulation in the environment and the remediation of contaminated sites is difficult and might not be possible to do in situ. Thus, the preservation of natural environments is dependent on minimizing pollutant emissions, with effluent treatment being one possible approach. In this thesis the removal via sorption of copper, lead, cadmium and nickel from water is studied. These were selected due to their current relevance based on wide application, economic value, high toxicity and emissions. The focus of the work is the development of adsorbents for these metals, achieved by the synthesis of organically modified silica aerogels and xerogels, and the study of the sorption process. The goal is the development of a multipurpose solution, able to remove all pollutants, as well as producing selective copper and nickel adsorbents, due to high economic value of these metals. The adsorbents are synthesized though acid-base catalyzed sol-gel chemistry. The surface chemistry modification is achieved by using precursors containing organic moieties of interest. When appropriate, the organic groups on the precursors are modified prior to the gel’s synthesis. The effects of the drying stage, via supercritical fluids extraction with carbon dioxide or via evaporative drying, on the final material’s properties are also assessed. The adsorbents are characterized structurally, chemically and thermally. To remove all cations under study, the silica matrixes are modified with organic groups containing sulfur (thiol groups) or nitrogen (e.g., amine) electron donor atoms, resulting in several different formulations. The study of silica matrixes modified with thiol groups is presented in Chapter 4 whilst the study of nitrogen modified matrixes is in Chapter 5. The modification of the silica matrix was found to reduce the specific surface area. Formulations containing amine groups are densified when dried by evaporation, severely decreasing porosity and surface area, the latter as low as 2 m2 g−1. Comparing with pristine (non-modified) matrixes, it was revealed that the surface chemistry modification is required for this application, with the former only interacting with lead (the removal for the remainder cations is <9% with a starting concentration of 50 mg L−1). In general, the modified matrixes interact with the cations in solution, with isocyanurate and urea groups being notable exceptions (removal <10% with a starting cation concentration of 50 mg L−1, except for lead). Amine groups are the most efficient of those tested, improving even the adsorptive performance of thiol modified sorbents, even on materials of reduced porosity. The in-depth study of selected formulations revealed that the sorption takes a few hours, and the adsorbent-cation interactions are strong and not easily reversible. The aerogel containing primary and secondary amines (A_A+3A) was chosen as the best multipurpose adsorbent (Langmuir adsorption capacity of 60 mg g−1 for copper, 347 mg g−1 for lead, 83 mg g−1 for cadmium and 66 mg g−1 for nickel). Its study with binary mixtures of cations revealed that it is selective for copper up to six hours of the adsorption process (selectivity of 2.6 in relation to nickel and 49 in relation to cadmium). Thus, A_A+3A is both the multipurpose solution and the copper selective one, and the outcome of the adsorption is controlled by the operating conditions. Desorption of the cations from this material is possible with acids, but it leads to partial loss of the sportive performance, to a third of the original one. The recovery of desorbed copper can be achieved via electrodeposition. The modification of the silica matrix with certain ionophores led to the synthesis of selective aerogels. The azole modification of the silica generated a material that interacts poorly with the cations; hence a significant removal of copper was not observed. This result was attributed to the possible inaccessibility of the azole to the cations, due to the aerogel’s porous structure and steric hindrance. The nickel selective, salen based adsorbent features aerogel-like characteristics, due to a small shrinkage of 10% after evaporative drying, and has a high affinity for nickel, being its removal higher and unaffected by the presence of competing ions. Despite the isotherms being shaped like a BET curve, the existence of cation multilayers is unlikely, and the aerogel-cation interactions are defined by the hydrated radius of the cation. Its estimated selectivity reveals that this adsorbent is twice as selective for nickel than for copper and 9 times than for cadmium. Due to the high affinity with nickel, its desorption is very limited. This work allowed to demonstrate the high adsorptive performance of organically modified silica aerogels for heavy metals relevant in some industrial effluents, soil and water, when compared with other commercial or researched adsorbents. The great chemical versatility of the silica matrix also allowed to adapt its surface chemistry to obtain more general use or selective solutions, taking advantage of the high porosity and surface area of aerogels.
A poluição é um grave problema que pode conduzir a alterações irreversíveis, como a destruição de ecossistemas e perda de biodiversidade. Os metais pesados são os principais contaminantes de solos e águas subterrâneas na Europa. A sua principal fonte de emissão são atividades humanas, sendo as indústrias de extração e processamento de minérios as mais relevantes. Por serem poluentes não biodegradáveis, acumulam-se e a remediação de áreas contaminadas é difícil e nem sempre possível in situ. Desta forma, a preservação do meio ambiente passa pela minimização das emissões poluentes, sendo o tratamento de efluentes uma das estratégias para tal. Nesta tese é estudada a remoção de cobre, chumbo, cádmio e níquel de água, através do processo de adsorção. Esta seleção recai na elevada importância destes quatro metais na sociedade atual, quer seja pela sua ampla utilização e valor económico, ou pelas elevadas toxicidade e emissões. O trabalho realizado foca-se no desenvolvimento de adsorventes para estes metais, através da síntese de aerogéis e xerogéis de sílica organicamente modificados e caracterização do processo de sorção dos metais por estes. Pretende-se desenvolver adsorventes que possam funcionar como uma solução transversal, removendo todos os metais contaminantes, mas também produzir soluções seletivas para cobre e níquel, devido ao seu valor económico. Os adsorventes são sintetizados através da metodologia sol-gel, catalisada por ácidos e bases, sendo que a modificação da sua química de superfície é conseguida através de co-precursores organicamente modificados. Quando conveniente, a modificação dos grupos orgânicos dos precursores é feita a priori da síntese do adsorvente. A influência do processo de secagem, por extração com dióxido de carbono supercrítico ou por evaporação, nas propriedades do material final foi também avaliada. Os adsorventes foram alvo de caracterização física/estrutural, química e térmica. Com o objetivo de remover todos os metais em estudo, a modificação das matrizes de sílica é feita através de grupos orgânicos contendo enxofre (tiol) ou azoto (p. ex. amina) como átomos dadores de electrões, dando origem à síntese de diferentes formulações. O estudo das matrizes modificadas com grupo tiol encontra-se no Capítulo 4 enquanto que o estudo das matrizes com azoto encontra-se no Capítulo 5. A modificação da matriz de sílica conduz a uma diminuição de área de superfície específica. Quando as formulações contêm grupos amina, a sua secagem por evaporação densifica o material, levando a uma perda acentuada de porosidade e área de superfície específica, esta última podendo chegar a 2 m2 g−1. A comparação com um aerogel não modificado revelou que a modificação da sílica é necessária para esta aplicação, pois o material não modificado apenas interagiu com chumbo (remoção para os restantes catiões <9% com uma concentração inicial de 50 mg L−1). A generalidade das modificações verificou-se capaz de interagir com os metais em solução, sendo os grupos isocianurato e ureia as exceções (remoção ≤10% com uma concentração inicial de catião 50 mg L−1, exceto para chumbo). Os grupos amina são mais eficientes que os demais testados, tendo inclusivamente melhorado o desempenho sortivo de matrizes modificadas com tiol, mesmo em materiais de reduzida porosidade. O estudo mais detalhado de formulações selecionadas revelou que processo de sorção é concluído em algumas horas e as interações com os catiões são fortes e dificilmente reversíveis. Foi selecionado o aerogel contendo aminas primárias e secundárias (A_A+3A) como o melhor adsorvente transversal para os catiões em estudo (capacidade de adsorção de Langmuir de 60 mg g−1 para cobre, 347 mg g−1 para chumbo, 83 mg g−1 para cádmio e 66 mg g−1 para níquel). O seu estudo em misturas binárias permitiu concluir que até seis horas de adsorção este material revela um comportamento seletivo para cobre (2.6 em relação a níquel e até 49 a cádmio). Assim o adsorvente A_A+3A é simultaneamente uma solução transversal e seletiva para cobre, sendo o resultado da adsorção controlado pelas condições operatórias. A sua regeneração por via química com ácidos é possível, mas conduz à perda parcial de características adsortivas, para cerca de um terço da capacidade inicial. A recuperação do cobre dessorvido pode ser feita por eletrólise. A modificação da matriz de sílica com certos ionóforos conduziu ao desenvolvimento de aerogéis seletivos. A introdução de azóis na sílica resultou num material que não interage com os catiões, não se verificando uma remoção significativa de cobre. Tal facto deve-se à inacessibilidade dos átomos dadores de electrões por parte dos catiões, devido à microestrutura do material e a repulsão estérea dos grupos funcionais vizinhos. O adsorvente baseado num salen revelou propriedades estruturais semelhantes às de um aerogel mesmo após secagem evaporativa, devido a um encolhimento reduzido (10%), e tem uma acrescida afinidade para o níquel, sendo a sua capacidade remoção para este último superior e inalterada pela presença dos demais catiões. Apesar das isotérmicas apresentarem uma forma do tipo BET, a existência de multicamadas de catiões não é plausível e o tipo de interações adsorvente-adsorvato é essencialmente definido pelo raio iónico dos catiões. A seletividade estimada revela que este adsorvente é duas vezes mais seletivo para níquel do que para cobre e até 9 vezes para cádmio. Devido à forte interação com níquel a sua dessorção é muito limitada. Assim, este trabalho permitiu demonstrar a elevada capacidade adsorptiva dos aerogéis de sílica modificados organicamente para metais pesados com presença relevante em efluentes de algumas indústrias, bem como em solos e águas, quando comparados com outros adsorventes comerciais ou em investigação. A assinalável versatilidade química da rede de sílica permite ainda adaptar facilmente a química de superfície destes materiais para obter soluções de remoção mais amplas ou seletivas, tirando cumulativamente partido da elevada porosidade e área de superfície dos aerogéis.
Banerjee, Supratim. "Supramolecular Gels : Organogels, Aerogels And Tunable, Multi-color, Luminescent Hydrogels." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2359.
Banerjee, Supratim. "Supramolecular Gels : Organogels, Aerogels And Tunable, Multi-color, Luminescent Hydrogels." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2359.
Books on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Inc, Technical Insights, ed. Aerogels and xerogels: Growth and opportunities for the early 21st century. Englewood/Fort Lee, NJ: Technical Insights, 1996.
Book chapters on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Yetgin, Senem, and Devrim Balkose. "Study of Dehydration Behavior of Silica Xerogel and Aerogel by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy." In Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials, 141–63. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003414469-8.
Esquivias, Luis, Víctor Morales-Flórez, and Alberto Santos. "Xerogels, Aerogels, and Aerogel/Mineral Composites for CO2 Sequestration." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_124-1.
Esquivias, Luis, Víctor Morales-Flórez, and Alberto Santos. "Xerogels, Aerogels, and Aerogel/Mineral Composites for CO2 Sequestration." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2535–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_124.
Kanamori, Kazuyoshi, Ana Stojanovic, Gerard M. Pajonk, Digambar Y. Nadargi, A. Venkateswara Rao, Kazuki Nakanishi, and Matthias M. Koebel. "Superhydrophobic and Flexible Aerogels and Xerogels Derived from Organosilane Precursors." In Springer Handbook of Aerogels, 367–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27322-4_15.
Maria Muresan, Liana, and Aglaia Raluca Deac. "Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors Based on Carbon Aerogels/Xerogels." In Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 69–82. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | Series: Advances in nanostructured composites ; volume 2 | “A science publishers book.»: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429021718-4.
Hirashima, Hiroshi, Satoru Sasaki, and Manabu Gengyou. "Structure of V2O5 Xerogels and Aerogels by Saxs." In Sol-Gel Processing and Applications, 61–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2570-7_5.
Bratovcic, Amra, and Irena Petrinic. "Carbon Based Aerogels and Xerogels for Removing of Toxic Organic Compounds." In New Technologies, Development and Application III, 743–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_84.
Yasin, Nik Muhammad Faisal Mat, Noor Aliya Binti Muhammad Kamal, Ana Najwa Mustapa, and Azil Bahari Alias. "Effect of Percent Shrinkage and Adsorption of Zinc for Coconut Coir Based Aerogels and Xerogels." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 257–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0742-4_18.
Gizli, Nilay, Selay Sert Çok, and Fatoş Koç. "Aerogel, xerogel, and cryogel: Synthesis, surface chemistry, and properties—Practical environmental applications and the future developments." In Advanced Materials for Sustainable Environmental Remediation, 195–229. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90485-8.00021-7.
Mejri, I., M. K. Younes, A. Ghorbel, P. Eloy, and E. M. Gaigneaux. "Comparative study of the sulfur loss in the xerogel and aerogel sulfated zirconia calcined at different temperatures: effect on n-hexane isomerization." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 953–60. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81002-5.
Conference papers on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Stangl, R., Werner J. Platzer, and Volker Wittwer. "New methods of characterizing the thermal properties of silica aerogel/xerogel." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, edited by Volker Wittwer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185409.
MOURA-NICKEL, C. D., C. G. TACHINSKI, R. L. COSTA, S. R. S. FERREIRA, R. F. P. M. MOREIRA, and H. J. JOSÉ. "CO2 UTILIZATION VIA BIOGAS REFORMING USING NICKEL-ALUMINA AEROGEL AND XEROGEL CATALYSTS." In XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/cobeq2018-co.098.
Maamur, K. N., U. S. Jais, S. Y. S. Yahya, Mohamad Rusop, Rihanum Yahaya Subban, Norlida Kamarulzaman, and Wong Tin Wui. "Magnetic Phase Development of Iron Oxide-SiO[sub 2] Aerogel and Xerogel Prepared using Rice Husk Ash as Precursor." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENT OF MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: (ICAMN—2007). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3377832.
Cadar, Calin, Cosmin Cotet, Lucian Baia, and Ioan Ardelean. "Probing the connectivity and wettability of carbon aerogels and xerogels via low-field NMR." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5018288.
Courthéoux, Laurence, Sylvie Rossignol, Charles Kappenstein, and Nicolas Pillet. "Improvement of Catalysts for the Decomposition of HAN-Based Monopropellant - Comparison Between Aerogels and Xerogels." In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4645.
Reports on the topic "Xerogel aerogel":
Akyurtlu, Jale, Ates Akyurtlu, and M. V. Sharma. Investigation of Aerogel/Xerogel Catalysts for Autothermal Reforming of JP-8. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606582.